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Pinilla-Torres AM, Carrión-García PY, Sánchez-Domínguez CN, Gallardo-Blanco H, Sánchez-Domínguez M. Modification of Branched Polyethyleneimine Using Mesquite Gum for Its Improved Hemocompatibility. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2766. [PMID: 34451303 PMCID: PMC8399277 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the modification of branched polyethyleneimine (b-PEI) was carried out using mesquite gum (MG) to improve its hemocompatibility to be used in biomedical applications. In the copolymer synthesis process (carboxymethylated mesquite gum grafted polyethyleneimine copolymer (CBX-MG-PEI), an MG carboxymethylation reaction was initially carried out (carboxymethylated mesquite gum (CBX-MG). Subsequently, the functionalization between CBX-MG and b-PEI was carried out using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) as crosslinking agents. The synthesis products were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Thermogravimetric analysis showed that CBX-MG and CBX-MG-PEI presented a lower decomposition temperature than MG. The CBX-MG-PEI has a high buffer capacity in the pH range of 4 to 7, similar to the b-PEI. In addition, the CBX-MG-PEI showed an improvement in hemocompatibility in comparison with the b-PEI. The results showed a non-hemolytic property at doses lower than 0.1 µg/mL (CBX-MG-PEI). These results allow us to propose that this copolymer be used in transfection, polymeric nanoparticles, and biomaterials due to its physicochemical and hemocompatibility properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. Pinilla-Torres
- Grupo de Química Coloidal e Interfacial Aplicada a Nanomateriales y Formulaciones, Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, S.C. (CIMAV, S.C.), Unidad Monterrey, Apodaca 66628, Mexico;
| | - Paola Y. Carrión-García
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, Mexico; (P.Y.C.-G.); (C.N.S.-D.)
| | - Celia N. Sánchez-Domínguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, Mexico; (P.Y.C.-G.); (C.N.S.-D.)
| | - Hugo Gallardo-Blanco
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, Mexico
| | - Margarita Sánchez-Domínguez
- Grupo de Química Coloidal e Interfacial Aplicada a Nanomateriales y Formulaciones, Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, S.C. (CIMAV, S.C.), Unidad Monterrey, Apodaca 66628, Mexico;
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Amiri MS, Mohammadzadeh V, Yazdi MET, Barani M, Rahdar A, Kyzas GZ. Plant-Based Gums and Mucilages Applications in Pharmacology and Nanomedicine: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:1770. [PMID: 33809917 PMCID: PMC8004199 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gums are carbohydrate biomolecules that have the potential to bind water and form gels. Gums are regularly linked with proteins and minerals in their construction. Gums have several forms, such as mucilage gums, seed gums, exudate gums, etc. Plant gums are one of the most important gums because of their bioavailability. Plant-derived gums have been used by humans since ancient times for numerous applications. The main features that make them appropriate for use in different applications are high stabilization, viscosity, adhesive property, emulsification action, and surface-active activity. In many pharmaceutical formulations, plant-based gums and mucilages are the key ingredients due to their bioavailability, widespread accessibility, non-toxicity, and reasonable prices. These compete with many polymeric materials for use as different pharmaceuticals in today's time and have created a significant achievement from being an excipient to innovative drug carriers. In particular, scientists and pharmacy industries around the world have been drawn to uncover the secret potential of plant-based gums and mucilages through a deeper understanding of their physicochemical characteristics and the development of safety profile information. This innovative unique class of drug products, useful in advanced drug delivery applications, gene therapy, and biosynthesis, has been developed by modification of plant-based gums and mucilages. In this review, both fundamental and novel medicinal aspects of plant-based gums and mucilages, along with their capacity for pharmacology and nanomedicine, were demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vahideh Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 917794-8954, Iran;
| | | | - Mahmood Barani
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman 76169-14111, Iran;
| | - Abbas Rahdar
- Department of Physics, University of Zabol, Zabol 98613-35856, Iran
| | - George Z. Kyzas
- Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, 65404 Kavala, Greece
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Nazarzadeh Zare E, Makvandi P, Borzacchiello A, Tay FR, Ashtari B, V T Padil V. Antimicrobial gum bio-based nanocomposites and their industrial and biomedical applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:14871-14885. [PMID: 31776528 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08207g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gum polysaccharides are derived from renewable sources. They are readily available, inexpensive, non-hazardous and eco-friendly. Depending upon the source, gums may be categorized as microbial gums, plant exudate gums or seed gums. Naturally occurring gum carbohydrates find multiple applications in the biomedical arena, compared with synthetic compounds, because of their unique structures and functionalities. Gums and their biocomposites are preferred for sustained drug delivery because they are safe and edible as well as more susceptible to biodegradation. The present review provides a state-of-the-art conspectus on the industrial and biomedical applications of antimicrobial gum-based biocomposites. Different kinds of gums polysaccharides will first be addressed based on their sources. Metal-, carbon- and organic-based nanostructures that are used in gum nanocomposites will then be reviewed with respect to their industrial and biomedical applications, to provide a backdrop for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Institute for Polymers, Composites, and Biomaterials (IPCB), National Research Council (CNR), Naples 80125, Italy. and Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technology in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14496-14535, Iran
| | - Assunta Borzacchiello
- Institute for Polymers, Composites, and Biomaterials (IPCB), National Research Council (CNR), Naples 80125, Italy.
| | - Franklin R Tay
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China and College of Graduate Studies, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Behnaz Ashtari
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technology in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14496-14535, Iran and Shadad Ronak Commercialization Company, Pasdaran Street, Tehran, 1947, Iran
| | - Vinod V T Padil
- Department of Nanomaterials in Natural Sciences, Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation (CXI), Technical University of Liberec (TUL), Studentská 1402/2, Liberec 1 461 17, Czech Republic
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4
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Chen J, Wang Q, Zhou J, Deng W, Yu Q, Cao X, Wang J, Shao F, Li Y, Ma P, Spector M, Yu J, Xu X. Porphyra polysaccharide-derived carbon dots for non-viral co-delivery of different gene combinations and neuronal differentiation of ectodermal mesenchymal stem cells. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:10820-10831. [PMID: 28726952 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr03327c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, multifunctional fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized using a one-pot hydrothermal carbonization reaction, with the naturally-occurring porphyra polysaccharide (PPS) serving as a single carbon source for the first time and ethylenediamine (Ed) acting as the surface passivation agent. The resulting CDs enjoyed a high quantum yield (56.3%), excitation-dependent fluorescence, small size (<10 nm), spherical shape, uniform distribution, positive surface charge, low cytotoxicity and excellent ability to condense macromolecular plasmid DNA. The synthesized CDs were employed for neuronal induction from ectodermal mesenchymal stem cells for the first time via highly efficient non-viral gene delivery. The optimal combination of factors (Ascl1 and Brn2) was selected from seven different combinations out of Ascl1, Brn2 and Sox2 according to the expression of neuronal markers (Tuj1, Map2 and Tau). The results of qRT-PCR demonstrated that the CDs possessed a significantly higher transfection efficiency than the commercially available transfection reagents PEI (25 kDa) and Lipofectamine2000. Moreover, the CDs/pDNA nanoparticles exhibited more efficient neuronal differentiation of the EMSCs than the AT-RA-containing induction medium. Furthermore, the CDs/pDNA nanoparticles could enter cells via both caveolae- and clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Taken together, the natural polysaccharide PPS-derived CDs enriched the current application of CDs by employing the CDs as a novel non-viral gene carrier for neuronal differentiation of adult stem cells, which held great promise in tissue engineering and bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Center for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, P.R. China.
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5
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Zhang L, Tan L, Chen L, Chen X, Long C, Peng J, Qian Z. A simple method to improve the stability of docetaxel micelles. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36957. [PMID: 27833135 PMCID: PMC5105067 DOI: 10.1038/srep36957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-assembled polymeric micelles have been widely applied in drug delivery systems. In this study, we found that pH value of micellar system solution was the decisive factor of physical stability. Furthermore, the weak basic solution could maintain the solution clarification for a relative long time. To investigate the stability of polymeric micelles in different pH solutions, the micellar particle size and the docetaxel content remaining in solution were detected at predetermined time points. The crystallographic assay of freeze-drying powder was characterized by an X-ray diffractometer. In vitro release results indicated that the PBS had little influence on the sustained-release effect of docetaxel-loaded polymeric micelles (DPM). Besides, the safety of micellar formulation was determined by an MTT assay on HEK293 cells, and the anti-tumor activity was tested on MCF-7 cells. The results demonstrated that DPM adjusted with PBS (DPM (PBS)) was of low toxicity and maintained the effectiveness of docetaxel. In vivo antitumor results indicated that DPM (PBS) had better antitumor efficacy than common docetaxel injection (DTX). Thus it was concluded that regulation of micellar solution PH by PBS is a safe and effective method to improve the physical stability of DPM. It might promote the application of micellar formulation in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Research and Development Department, Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmacy, Dongguan, 523325, China
| | - LiWei Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - LiJuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - XiaoXin Chen
- Research and Development Department, Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmacy, Dongguan, 523325, China
| | - ChaoFeng Long
- Research and Development Department, Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmacy, Dongguan, 523325, China
| | - JinRong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - ZhiYong Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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Lin M, Huang J, Jiang X, Zhang J, Yu H, Ye J, Zhang D. A combination hepatoma-targeted therapy based on nanotechnology: pHRE-Egr1-HSV-TK/(131)I-antiAFPMcAb-GCV/MFH. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33524. [PMID: 27642033 PMCID: PMC5027595 DOI: 10.1038/srep33524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination targeted therapy is a promising cancer therapeutic strategy. Here, using PEI-Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles (PEI-MZF-NPs) as magnetic media for MFH (magnetic fluid hyperthermia) and gene transfer vector for gene-therapy, a combined therapy, pHRE-Egr1-HSV-TK/(131)I-antiAFPMcAb-GCV/MFH, for hepatoma is developed. AntiAFPMcAb (Monoclonal antibody AFP) is exploited for targeting. The plasmids pHRE-Egr1-HSV-TK are achieved by incorporation of pEgr1-HSV-TK and pHRE-Egr1-EGFP. Restriction enzyme digestion and PCR confirm the recombinant plasmids pHRE-Egr1-HSV-TK are successfully constructed. After exposure to the magnetic field, PEI-MZF-NPs/pHRE-Egr1-EGFP fluid is warmed rapidly and then the temperature is maintained at 43 °C or so, which is quite appropriate for cancer treatment. The gene expression reaches the peak when treated with 200 μCi (131)I for 24 hours, indicating that the dose of 200 μCi might be the optimal dose for irradiation and 24 h irradiation later is the best time to initiate MFH. The in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that pHRE-Egr1-HSV-TK/(131)I-antiAFPMcAb-GCV/MFH can greatly suppress hepatic tumor cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis and necrosis and effectively inhibit the tumor growth, much better than any monotherapy does alone. Furthermore, the combination therapy has few or no adverse effects. It might be applicable as a strategy to treat hepatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Lin
- Taizhou People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Taizhou, 225300, China
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Junxing Huang
- Taizhou People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Taizhou, 225300, China
| | - Xingmao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Material and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Taizhou People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Taizhou, 225300, China
| | - Jun Ye
- Taizhou People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Taizhou, 225300, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhang
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Southeast University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory For Biomaterials and Devices, Nanjing, 210009, China
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7
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Abd Ellah NH, Taylor L, Ayres N, Elmahdy MM, Fetih GN, Jones HN, Ibrahim EA, Pauletti GM. NF-κB decoy polyplexes decrease P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance in colorectal cancer cells. Cancer Gene Ther 2016; 23:149-55. [PMID: 27125866 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2016.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR), a major cause for chemotherapy failure, has been linked to upregulation of ATP-dependent membrane efflux systems that limit intracellular accumulation of cytotoxic anticancer agents. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) encoded by the human ABCB1 gene was the first efflux transporter identified to contribute to MDR. ABCB1 gene expression is correlated with constitutive activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway in tumor cells. The objective of this research is to modulate P-gp activity in colon cancer cells using NF-κB decoy oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) that are effectively delivered into the nucleus of colorectal cancer cells by self-assembling nonviral nanoparticles comprising the novel poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide]-poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate) diblock copolymer (pHPMA-b-pDMAEMA). Ethidium bromide intercalation and gel retardation assays demonstrated high DNA condensation capacity of pHPMA-b-pDMAEMA. Nanoparticles prepared with and without decoy ODNs did not significantly compromise cellular safety at N/P ratios ⩽4. Transfection efficiency of pHPMA-b-pDMAEMA polyplexes (N/P=4) in Caco-2 cells was comparable to TurboFect transfection standard, resulting in a 98% reduction in P-gp protein levels. As a pharmacodynamic consequence, intracellular accumulation of the P-gp substrate Rhodamine123 significantly increased by almost twofold. In conclusion, NF-κB ODN polyplexes fabricated with pHPMA-b-pDMAEMA polymer effectively reduced P-gp-mediated efflux activity in Caco-2 cells, suggesting successful interference with NF-κB-binding sites in the promoter region of the ABCB1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- N H Abd Ellah
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Arab Republic of Egypt
| | - L Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - N Ayres
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - M M Elmahdy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Arab Republic of Egypt
| | - G N Fetih
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Arab Republic of Egypt
| | - H N Jones
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery and Reproductive Sciences, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - E A Ibrahim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Arab Republic of Egypt
| | - G M Pauletti
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Zhang H, Hou X, Lin M, Wang L, Li H, Yuan C, Liang C, Zhang J, Zhang D. The study on the preparation and characterization of gene-loaded immunomagnetic albumin nanospheres and their anti-cell proliferative effect combined with magnetic fluid hyperthermia on GLC-82 cells. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:6445-60. [PMID: 26719671 PMCID: PMC4687624 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s93481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
As one of the most common malignant tumors, the clinical and socio-economic consequences of lung cancer are significant. Currently, surgery is the main treatment strategy for this disease, but the survival rates of lung cancer patients are not ideal due to the high recurrence rate of the disease. Therefore, many researchers are exploring new specific therapeutic methods that are highly curative and minimally cytotoxic to healthy tissues. To this end, albumin nanospheres simultaneously were loaded with super-paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (as gene vector and anticancer gene), and plasmid pDONR223-IFNG, and modified with anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody cetuximab as therapy. Targeting agents, namely gene-loaded immunomagnetic albumin nanospheres (cetuximab [C225]-IFNG-IMANS), were prepared for targeted lung carcinoma cells (GLC-82 cell lines). Transmission electron microscopy images showed that the C225-IFNG-IMANS were successfully prepared, and the ability of the nanospheres to target GLC-82 cells in vitro was confirmed by Prussian blue staining, immunofluorescence experiments, and magnetic resonance imaging. Transfection photographs and agarose gel electrophoresis proved that pDONR223-IFNG could be encased in the albumin nanospheres. A Cell Counting Kit-8 assay showed that the combination therapy group had significantly more therapeutic effects on GLC-82 cells than other therapy groups. A flow cytometry assay showed that the apoptotic index of the combined treatment group was 67.68%, whereas the indices of the C225 group, gene therapy group, and magnetic fluid hyperthermia group were 12.2%, 16.34%, and 20.04% respectively. Therefore, the combination of thermal treatment, molecular targeted treatment, and gene treatment synergistically targets GLC-82 cells, and the use of C225-IFNG-IMANS as a gene or drug carrier offers a novel and promising approach for the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Hou
- Medical School of Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Lin
- Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Wang
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Li
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital (Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM), Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenyan Yuan
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Liang
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Zhang
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China ; Jiangsu Key Laboratory For Biomaterials and Devices, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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9
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Lee SH, Lee HY, Lee EJ, Khang D, Min KJ. Effects of carbon nanofiber on physiology of Drosophila. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:3687-97. [PMID: 26056448 PMCID: PMC4445953 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s82637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As nanomaterials are now widely utilized in a wide range of fields for both medical and industrial applications, concerns over their potential toxicity to human health and the environment have increased. To evaluate the toxicity of long-term exposure to carbon nanofibers (CNFs) in an in vivo system, we selected Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism. Oral administration of CNFs at a concentration of 1,000 μg/mL had adverse effects on fly physiology. Long-term administration of a high dose of CNFs (1,000 μg/mL) reduced larval viability based on the pupa:egg ratio, adult fly lifespan, reproductive activity, climbing activity, and survival rate in response to starvation stress. However, CNFs at a low concentration (100 μg/mL) did not show any significant deleterious effect on developmental rate or fecundity. Furthermore, long-term administration of a low dose of CNFs (100 μg/mL) increased lifespan and climbing ability, coincident with mild reactive oxygen species generation and stimulation of the antioxidant system. Taken together, our data suggest that a high dose of CNFs has obvious physiological toxicity, whereas low-dose chronic exposure to CNFs can actually have beneficial effects via stimulation of the antioxidant defense system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Hae Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Yeon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwoo Khang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Jin Min
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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10
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Yi HX, Wu J, Du YZ, Hu YW, Yuan H, You J, Hu FQ. Effect of anionic PEGylated polypeptide on gene transfection mediated by glycolipid conjugate micelles. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:1072-83. [PMID: 25490413 DOI: 10.1021/mp500560h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To improve the gene transfection efficiency mediated by chitosan-g-stearic acid (CS) micelles, poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(γ-glutamic acid) (PG) was incorporated into a CS-based gene delivery system. CS/PG/pDNA complexes were prepared by ionic interaction. CS and PEGylated CS (PCS) micelles were introduced to prepare binary complexes for use as controls. CS/PG/pDNA complexes possessed similar sizes and presented as irregular spheroids in shape. The incorporation of PG into CS/pDNA complexes did not affect the ability of CS to compact pDNA and also showed a protective effect against DNase I based degradation of pDNA. Importantly, PG could increase gene transfection efficiency, which was also affected by the mixing methods used for the preparation of CS/PG/pDNA ternary complexes. The transfection efficiencies mediated by CS/PG/pDNA complexes against HEK293 and EC-1 cells reached up to 40.8% and 11.6%, respectively, which were much higher than those of CS/pDNA complexes (1.3% and 4.0%) and PCS/pDNA complexes (0.8% and 2.4%). In addition, the incorporation of PG into CS/pDNA complexes significantly enhanced cellular uptake in HEK293 and EC-1 cells and, additionally, improved endosomal escape and intracellular vector unpacking. However, the incorporation of PG reduced the cellular uptake of CS/PG/pDNA complexes in macrophages (RAW264.7 cells). It was further demonstrated that, in addition to a nonspecific charge-mediated binding to cell membranes, a γ-PGA-specific receptor-mediated pathway was involved in the internalization of CS/PG/pDNA complexes. These results indicated that PG played multiple important roles in enhancing the transfection efficiency of CS/PG/pDNA complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Xi Yi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Zhong Du
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Wen Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Yuan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian You
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-Qiang Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
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11
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Ong C, Yung LYL, Cai Y, Bay BH, Baeg GH. Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism to study nanotoxicity. Nanotoxicology 2014; 9:396-403. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2014.940405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Ong
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore,
| | - Lin-Yue Lanry Yung
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, and
| | - Yu Cai
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boon-Huat Bay
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore,
| | - Gyeong-Hun Baeg
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore,
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12
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Ma C, Lv L, Liu Y, Yu Y, You R, Yang J, Li M. Antheraea pernyi
silk fibroin for targeted gene delivery of VEGF165-Ang-1 with PEI. Biomed Mater 2014; 9:035015. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/9/3/035015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Jin L, Zeng X, Liu M, Deng Y, He N. Current progress in gene delivery technology based on chemical methods and nano-carriers. Am J Cancer Res 2014; 4:240-55. [PMID: 24505233 PMCID: PMC3915088 DOI: 10.7150/thno.6914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene transfer methods are promising in the field of gene therapy. Current methods for gene transfer include three major groups: viral, physical and chemical methods. This review mainly summarizes development of several types of chemical methods for gene transfer in vitro and in vivo by means of nano-carriers like; calcium phosphates, lipids, and cationic polymers including chitosan, polyethylenimine, polyamidoamine dendrimers, and poly(lactide-co-glycolide). This review also briefly introduces applications of these chemical methods for gene delivery.
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Lin M, Huang J, Zhang J, Wang L, Xiao W, Yu H, Li Y, Li H, Yuan C, Hou X, Zhang H, Zhang D. The therapeutic effect of PEI-Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles/pEgr1-HSV-TK/GCV associated with radiation and magnet-induced heating on hepatoma. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:991-1000. [PMID: 23250046 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr32930a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive therapy based on the integration of hyperthermia, radiation, gene therapy and chemotherapy is a promising area of study in cancer treatment. Using PEI-Mn(0.5)Zn(0.5)Fe(2)O(4) nanoparticles (PEI-MZF-NPs) as a gene transfer vector, the authors transfected self-prepared pEgr1-HSV-TK into HepG2 cells and measured the expression of the exogenous gene HSV-TK by RT-PCR. The results showed that HSV-TK was successfully transfected into HepG2 cells and the expression levels of HSV-TK remained stable. Besides, PEI-MZF-NPs were used as magnetic media for thermotherapy to treat hepatoma by magnet-induced heating, combined with radiation-gene therapy. Both in vitro and in vivo results suggest that this combined treatment with gene, radiation and heating has a better therapeutic effect than any of them alone. The apoptotic rate and necrotic rate of the combined treatment group was 51.84% and 15.45%, respectively. In contrast, it was only 20.55% and 6.80% in the radiation-gene group, 7.49% and 3.62% in the radiation-alone group, 15.23% and 7.90% in the heating-alone group, and only 3.52% and 2.16% in the blank control group. The inhibition rate of cell proliferation (88.5%) of the combined treatment group was significantly higher than that of the radiation-gene group (59.5%), radiation-alone group (37.6%) and heating-alone group (60.6%). The tumor volume and mass inhibition rate of the combined treatment group was 94.45% and 93.38%, respectively, significantly higher than 41.28% and 33.58% of the radiation-alone group, 60.76% and 52.18% of the radiation-gene group, 79.91% and 77.40% of the heating-alone group. It is therefore concluded that this combined application of heating, radiation and gene therapy has a good synergistic and complementary effect and PEI-MZF-NPs can act as a novel non-viral gene vector and magnetic induction medium, which offers a viable approach for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Lin
- Medical School of Southeast University, No. 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
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Polysaccharide gene transfection agents. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:4224-32. [PMID: 23022542 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Gene delivery is a promising technique that involves in vitro or in vivo introduction of exogenous genes into cells for experimental and therapeutic purposes. Successful gene delivery depends on the development of effective and safe delivery vectors. Two main delivery systems, viral and non-viral gene carriers, are currently deployed for gene therapy. While most current gene therapy clinical trials are based on viral approaches, non-viral gene medicines have also emerged as potentially safe and effective for the treatment of a wide variety of genetic and acquired diseases. Non-viral technologies consist of plasmid-based expression systems containing a gene associated with the synthetic gene delivery vector. Polysaccharides compile a large family of heterogenic sequences of monomers with various applications and several advantages as gene delivery agents. This chapter, compiles the recent progress in polysaccharide based gene delivery, it also provides an overview and recent developments of polysaccharide employed for in vitro and in vivo delivery of therapeutically important nucleotides, e.g. plasmid DNA and small interfering RNA.
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