1
|
Bhattacharya R, Kumari J, Banerjee S, Tripathi J, Parihar SS, Mohan N, Sinha P. Hippo effector, Yorkie, is a tumor suppressor in select Drosophila squamous epithelia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2319666121. [PMID: 39288176 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2319666121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Mammalian Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) and Drosophila Yorkie (Yki) are transcription cofactors of the highly conserved Hippo signaling pathway. It has been long assumed that the YAP/TAZ/Yki signaling drives cell proliferation during organ growth. However, its instructive role in regulating developmentally programmed organ growth, if any, remains elusive. Out-of-context gain of YAP/TAZ/Yki signaling often turns oncogenic. Paradoxically, mechanically strained, and differentiated squamous epithelia display developmentally programmed constitutive nuclear YAP/TAZ/Yki signaling. The unknown, therefore, is how a growth-promoting YAP/TAZ/Yki signaling restricts proliferation in differentiated squamous epithelia. Here, we show that reminiscent of a tumor suppressor, Yki negatively regulates the cell growth-promoting PI3K/Akt/TOR signaling in the squamous epithelia of Drosophila tubular organs. Thus, downregulation of Yki signaling in the squamous epithelium of the adult male accessory gland (MAG) up-regulates PI3K/Akt/TOR signaling, inducing cell hypertrophy, exit from their cell cycle arrest, and, finally, culminating in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Thus, blocking PI3K/Akt/TOR signaling arrests Yki loss-induced MAG-SCC. Further, MAG-SCCs, like other lethal carcinomas, secrete a cachectin, Impl2-the Drosophila homolog of mammalian IGFBP7-inducing cachexia and shortening the lifespan of adult males. Moreover, in the squamous epithelium of other tubular organs, like the dorsal trunk of larval tracheal airways or adult Malpighian tubules, downregulation of Yki signaling triggers PI3K/Akt/TOR-induced cell hypertrophy. Our results reveal that Yki signaling plays an instructive, antiproliferative role in the squamous epithelia of tubular organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachita Bhattacharya
- Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
- Mehta Family Center for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Jaya Kumari
- Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Shweta Banerjee
- Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
- Mehta Family Center for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Jyoti Tripathi
- Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
- Mehta Family Center for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Saurabh Singh Parihar
- Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
- Mehta Family Center for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Nitin Mohan
- Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
- Mehta Family Center for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Pradip Sinha
- Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
- Mehta Family Center for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li J, Ma J, Chen Y, Chen S, Luo L, Cheng H. Biologically Relevant Laminin-511 Moderates the Derivation and Proliferation of Human Lens Epithelial Stem/Progenitor-Like Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:12. [PMID: 39106056 PMCID: PMC11309036 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.10.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The role of specific extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules in lens cell development and regeneration is poorly understood, as appropriate cellular models are lacking. Here, a laminin-based lens cell in vitro induction system was developed to study the role of laminin in human lens epithelial stem/progenitor cell (LES/PC) development. Methods The human embryonic stem cell-based lens induction system followed a three-stage protocol. The expression profile of laminins during lens induction was screened, and laminin-511 (LN511) was tested as a candidate substitute. LN511 induction system cellular and molecular features, including induction efficiency, transcription factor expression related to different lens development stages, ECM alterations, and Hippo/YAP signaling, were evaluated. Results LAMA5, LAMB1, and LAMC1 were highly expressed around the time of LES/PC derivation. We chose LN511 (product of LAMA5, LAMB1, and LAMC1) and found that it considerably enhanced lens cell induction efficiency, compared to that in Matrigel-coated culture, as more and larger lentoid bodies were detected. Notably, LES/PC induction efficiency improved by promoting lens specification-related transcription factor expression and cell proliferation. Transcriptome analysis revealed that compared to those with Matrigel, ECM accumulation and cell adhesion were downregulated in the LN511 system. Hippo/YAP signaling was hypoactive during LES/P-like cell generation, and small molecule inhibitors of YAP/TAZ activity upregulated LES/PC marker expression and promoted the efficiency of LES/P-like cell derivation. Conclusions The laminin isoform LN511 is a reliable substitute for the LES/P-like cell induction system, and LN511-YAP acted as efficient modulators of LES/PC derivation; this contributes to knowledge of the role of the ECM in human lens development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingyu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yijia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lixia Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Du Y. The Hippo signalling pathway and its impact on eye diseases. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18300. [PMID: 38613348 PMCID: PMC11015399 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The Hippo signalling pathway, an evolutionarily conserved kinase cascade, has been shown to be crucial for cell fate determination, homeostasis and tissue regeneration. Recent experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated that the Hippo signalling pathway is involved in the pathophysiology of ocular diseases. This article provides the first systematic review of studies on the regulatory and functional roles of mammalian Hippo signalling systems in eye diseases. More comprehensive studies on this pathway are required for a better understanding of the pathophysiology of eye diseases and the development of effective therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Du
- Precision Medicine Laboratory for Chronic Non‐communicable Diseases of Shandong Province, Institute of Precision MedicineJining Medical UniversityJiningShandongPeople's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rich W, Pan M, Liu J, Swindle-Reilly KE, Reilly MA. A method for generating zonular tension in the murine eye by embedding and compressing the globe in a hydrogel. Exp Eye Res 2024; 240:109809. [PMID: 38311284 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The ocular lens is the primary organ within the eye responsible for accommodation. During accommodation, the lens is subject to biomechanical forces. We previously demonstrated that stretching the porcine lens can increase lens epithelial cell proliferation. Although murine lenses are commonly employed in lens research, murine lens stretching has remained unexplored. Murine lens stretching thus represents a novel source of potential discovery in lens research. In the present study, we describe a method for stretching the murine lens by compressing the murine globe embedded in a hydrogel. We hypothesized that, as the eye is compressed along the optic axis, the lens would stretch through zonular tension due to the equatorial region of the eye bulging outward. Our results showed that this led to a compression-dependent increase in murine lens epithelial cell proliferation, suggesting that compression of the embedded murine globe is a viable technique for studying the mechanobiology of the lens epithelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wade Rich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Manqi Pan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Katelyn E Swindle-Reilly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Matthew A Reilly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ameku KA, Berggren CC, Pedrigi RM. Implantation of a capsular tension ring during cataract surgery attenuates predicted remodeling of the post-surgical lens capsule along the visual axis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 11:1300830. [PMID: 38312508 PMCID: PMC10834774 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1300830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cataract surgery permanently alters the mechanical environment of the lens capsule by placing a hole in the anterior portion and implanting an intraocular lens (IOL) that has a very different geometry from the native lens. We hypothesized that implant configuration and mechanical interactions with the post-surgical lens capsule play a key role in determining long-term fibrotic remodeling. Methods: We developed the first finite element-growth and remodeling (FE-G&R) model of the post-surgical lens capsule to evaluate how implantation of an IOL with and without a capsular tension ring (CTR) impacted evolving lens capsule mechanics and associated fibrosis over time after cataract surgery. Results: Our models predicted that implantation of a CTR with the IOL into the post-surgical lens capsule reduced the mechanical perturbation, thickening, and stiffening along the visual axis in both the remnant anterior and posterior portions compared to implantation of the IOL alone. Discussion: These findings align with patient studies and suggest that implantation of a CTR with the IOL during routine cataract surgery would attenuate the incidence of visually-debilitating capsule fibrosis. Our work demonstrates that use of such modeling techniques has substantial potential to aid in the design of better surgical strategies and implants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ryan M. Pedrigi
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Taiyab A, Belahlou Y, Wong V, Pandi S, Shekhar M, Chidambaranathan GP, West-Mays J. Understanding the Role of Yes-Associated Protein (YAP) Signaling in the Transformation of Lens Epithelial Cells (EMT) and Fibrosis. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1767. [PMID: 38136638 PMCID: PMC10741558 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrotic cataracts, posterior capsular opacification (PCO), and anterior subcapsular cataracts (ASC) are mainly attributed to the transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ)-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of lens epithelial cells (LECs). Previous investigations from our laboratory have shown the novel role of non-canonical TGFβ signaling in the progression of EMT in LECs. In this study, we have identified YAP as a critical signaling molecule involved in lens fibrosis. The observed increase in nuclear YAP in capsules of human ASC patients points toward the involvement of YAP in lens fibrosis. In addition, the immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses on ocular sections from mice that overexpress TGFβ in the lens (TGFβtg) showed a co-expression of YAP and α-SMA in the fibrotic plaques when compared to wild-type littermate lenses, which do not. The incubation of rat lens explants with verteporfin, a YAP inhibitor, prevented a TGFβ-induced fiber-like phenotype, α-SMA, and fibronectin expression, as well as delocalization of E-cadherin and β-catenin. Finally, LECs co-incubated with TGFβ and YAP inhibitor did not exhibit an induction in matrix metalloproteinase 2 compared to those LECs treated with TGFβ alone. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that YAP is required for TGFβ-mediated lens EMT and fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aftab Taiyab
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (Y.B.); (V.W.)
| | - Yasmine Belahlou
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (Y.B.); (V.W.)
| | - Vanessa Wong
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (Y.B.); (V.W.)
| | - Saranya Pandi
- Department of Immunology and Stem Cell Biology, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Madurai 625020, Tamil Nadu, India; (S.P.); (G.P.C.)
| | - Madhu Shekhar
- Cataract and IOL Services, Aravind Eye Hospital and Post Graduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Madurai 625020, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Gowri Priya Chidambaranathan
- Department of Immunology and Stem Cell Biology, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Madurai 625020, Tamil Nadu, India; (S.P.); (G.P.C.)
| | - Judith West-Mays
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (Y.B.); (V.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Purpose: Presbyopia-the progressive loss of near focus with age-is primarily a result of changes in lens biomechanics. In particular, the shape of the ocular lens in the absence of zonular tension changes significantly throughout adulthood. Contributors to this change in shape are changes in lens biomechanical properties, continuous volumetric growth lens, and possibly remodeling of the lens capsule. Knowledge in this area is growing rapidly, so the purpose of this mini-review was to summarize and synthesize these gains.Methods: We review the recent literature in this field.Results: The mechanisms governing age-related changes in biomechanical properties remains unknown. We have recently shown that lens growth may be driven by zonular tension. The same mechanobiological mechanism driving lens growth may also lead to remodeling of the capsule, though this remains to be demonstrated.Conclusions: This mini-review focuses on identifying mechanisms which cause these age-related changes, suggesting future work which may elucidate these mechanisms, and briefly discusses ongoing efforts to develop a non-surgical approach for therapeutic management of presbyopia. We also propose a simple model linking lens growth and biomechanical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wade Rich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Matthew A Reilly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen ZX, Jia WN, Jiang YX. Genotype-phenotype correlations of marfan syndrome and related fibrillinopathies: Phenomenon and molecular relevance. Front Genet 2022; 13:943083. [PMID: 36176293 PMCID: PMC9514320 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.943083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Marfan syndrome (MFS, OMIM: 154700) is a heritable multisystemic disease characterized by a wide range of clinical manifestations. The underlying molecular defect is caused by variants in the FBN1. Meanwhile, FBN1 variants are also detected in a spectrum of connective tissue disorders collectively termed as ‘type I fibrillinopathies’. A multitude of FBN1 variants is reported and most of them are unique in each pedigree. Although MFS is being considered a monogenic disorder, it is speculated that the allelic heterogeneity of FBN1 variants contributes to various manifestations, distinct prognoses, and differential responses to the therapies in affected patients. Significant progress in the genotype–phenotype correlations of MFS have emerged in the last 20 years, though, some of the associations were still in debate. This review aims to update the recent advances in the genotype-phenotype correlations of MFS and related fibrillinopathies. The molecular bases and pathological mechanisms are summarized for better support of the observed correlations. Other factors contributing to the phenotype heterogeneity and future research directions were also discussed. Dissecting the genotype-phenotype correlation of FBN1 variants and related disorders will provide valuable information in risk stratification, prognosis, and choice of therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Xu Chen
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Wan-Nan Jia
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Xiang Jiang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Parreno J, Emin G, Vu MP, Clark JT, Aryal S, Patel SD, Cheng C. Methodologies to unlock the molecular expression and cellular structure of ocular lens epithelial cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:983178. [PMID: 36176273 PMCID: PMC9514789 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.983178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The transparent ocular lens in the anterior chamber of the eye is responsible for fine focusing of light onto the retina. The lens is entirely cellular with bulk of the tissue composed of fiber cells, and the anterior hemisphere of the lens is covered by a monolayer of epithelial cells. Lens epithelial cells are important for maintaining fiber cell homeostasis and for continual growth of the lens tissue throughout life. Cataracts, defined as any opacity in the lens, remain the leading cause of blindness in the world. Following cataract surgery, lens epithelial cells can undergo a process of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), leading to secondary cataracts due to posterior capsular opacification (PCO). Since the epithelial cells make up only a small fraction of the lens, specialized techniques are required to study lens epithelial cell biology and pathology. Studies using native lens epithelial cells often require pooling of samples to obtain enough cells to make sufficient samples for traditional molecular biology techniques. Here, we provide detailed protocols that enable the study of native mouse lens epithelial cells, including immunostaining of the native lens epithelium in flat mounts, extraction of RNA and proteins from pairs of lens epithelial monolayers, and isolation of lens epithelial cells for primary culture. These protocols will enable researchers to gain better insight on representative molecular expression and cellular structure of lens epithelial cells. We also provide comparative data between native, primary culture, and immortalized lens epithelial cells and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each technique presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Parreno
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
- *Correspondence: Justin Parreno, ; Catherine Cheng,
| | - Grace Emin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Michael P. Vu
- School of Optometry and Vision Science Program, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Jackson T. Clark
- School of Optometry and Vision Science Program, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Sandeep Aryal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shaili D. Patel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Catherine Cheng
- School of Optometry and Vision Science Program, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
- *Correspondence: Justin Parreno, ; Catherine Cheng,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Taiyab A, West-Mays J. Lens Fibrosis: Understanding the Dynamics of Cell Adhesion Signaling in Lens Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:886053. [PMID: 35656546 PMCID: PMC9152183 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.886053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Injury to the ocular lens perturbs cell-cell and cell-capsule/basement membrane interactions leading to a myriad of interconnected signaling events. These events include cell-adhesion and growth factor-mediated signaling pathways that can ultimately result in the induction and progression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of lens epithelial cells and fibrosis. Since the lens is avascular, consisting of a single layer of epithelial cells on its anterior surface and encased in a matrix rich capsule, it is one of the most simple and desired systems to investigate injury-induced signaling pathways that contribute to EMT and fibrosis. In this review, we will discuss the role of key cell-adhesion and mechanotransduction related signaling pathways that regulate EMT and fibrosis in the lens.
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang S, Yan H, Fang B, Gu C, Guo J, Qiu P, Song N, Xu W, Zhang J, Lin X, Fang X. A myogenic niche with a proper mechanical stress environment improves abdominal wall muscle repair by modulating immunity and preventing fibrosis. Biomaterials 2022; 285:121519. [PMID: 35552116 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Volumetric muscle loss (VML) healing is often complicated by fibrosis, which impairs muscle regeneration and function. Adjusting mechanical stress in the repair environment may modulate immunity and reduce fibrosis. In this study, we aimed to create a biomaterial with suitable tension conditions and bidirectional tissue-inducing abilities to prevent fibrosis thus promote muscle regeneration and induce aponeurosis-like structures to restore muscle force transmission. A protocol was developed to manufacture decellularized muscle aponeurosis (D-MA) patches with an intact extracellular matrix (ECM) and low cytotoxicity. D-MA optimized the mechanical stress distribution in muscle injury sites and decreased the number of proinflammatory macrophages and myofibroblasts, thereby attenuating muscle fibrosis. Muscle and aponeurosis ECM environments had different microstructures and mechanical properties, which specifically enhanced stem cell differentiation into muscle-like cells on muscle ECM and tenocyte-like cells on aponeurosis ECM in vitro. Four weeks after orthotopic implantation, the biphasic muscle-aponeurosis-like tissue was successfully regenerated by the D-MA scaffold. The regenerated muscle fibers in D-MA were more abundant than those in the fibrotic decellularized muscle (D-M) scaffold. D-MA can be used to repair abdominal defects, which significantly improves the repair outcomes. Our results suggest D-MA as a promising material for VML repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huige Yan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bin Fang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chenhui Gu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiandong Guo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Pengchen Qiu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Nan Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenbing Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Xianfeng Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Decell Biotechnology Co. LTD, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xiangqian Fang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen ZX, Zhao ZN, Sun Y, Jia WN, Zheng JL, Chen JH, Chen TH, Lan LN, Jiang YX. Phacoemulsification Combined With Supra-Capsular and Scleral-Fixated Intraocular Lens Implantation in Microspherophakia: A Retrospective Comparative Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:869539. [PMID: 35492301 PMCID: PMC9047048 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.869539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundMicrospherophakia (MSP) is a rare ocular condition, the lens surgery of which is complicated by both insufficient zonules and undersized capsule.MethodsThis study included MSP eyes managed with phacoemulsification combined with supra-capsular and scleral-fixated intraocular lens implantation (SCSF-IOL) and made the comparison with those treated by transscleral-fixated modified capsular tension ring and in-the-bag intraocular lens implantation (MCTR-IOL).ResultsA total of 20 MSP patients underwent SCSF-IOL, and 17 patients received MCTR-IOL. The postoperative best corrected visual acuity was significantly improved in both groups (P < 0.001), but no difference was found between the groups (P = 0.326). The IOL tilt was also comparable (P = 0.216). Prophylactic Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy was performed 1 week to 1 month after the SCSF-IOL procedure. In the SCSF-IOL group, two eyes (10.00%) needed repeated laser treatment and one eye (5.00%) had a decentered capsule opening. Posterior capsule opacification was the most common complication (6, 35.29%) in the MCTR group. No IOL dislocation, secondary glaucoma, or retinal detachment was observed during follow-up.ConclusionsSCSF-IOL is a viable option for managing MSP and is comparable with the MCTR-IOL. Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy was necessary to prevent residual capsule complications after the SCSF-IOL procedure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Xu Chen
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Nan Zhao
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Wan-Nan Jia
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Lei Zheng
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Hui Chen
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian-Hui Chen
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Na Lan
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Xiang Jiang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yong-Xiang Jiang
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yu X, Kline B, Han Y, Gao Y, Fan Z, Shi Y. Weill-Marchesani syndrome 4 caused by compound heterozygosity of a maternal submicroscopic deletion and a paternal nonsense variant in the ADAMTS17 gene: A case report. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2022; 26:101541. [PMID: 35496767 PMCID: PMC9046107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2022.101541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To retrospectively report a case of Weill-Marchesani syndrome 4 (WMS4) with compound heterozygous variants of ADAMTS17 gene. Observations The patient was a 7-year-old boy with progressively worsening eyesight and intermittent elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) for two years. His IOPs were temporarily controlled using anti-glaucoma drugs. At presentation he had a shallow anterior chamber, lens subluxation, spherophakia and extensive synechial angle closure with high myopia in both eyes. Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) identified thickened zonule fibers and anteriorly rotated, flat and slender ciliary processes, both of which worsened and were accompanied by obvious iris bombe after miosis. Gene testing showed compound heterozygosity of a maternal submicroscopic deletion on chromosome 15q26.3 (0.774 Mb) affecting the sequences of ADAMTS17, LYSMD4 and CERS3 as well as a paternal nonsense variant (c.1051_1053delAAGinsTAA, P.K351X) in the ADAMTS17 gene in the proband. The diagnosis of WMS4 was confirmed by genetic testing. Phacoemulsification (Phaco), intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, and irido-zonulo-hyaloid-vitrectomy (IZHV) combined with Ahmed Glaucoma Valve (AGV) implantation as a staged or one-stage surgery effectively lowered IOP, deepened ACD, improved visual acuity, and resolved the configuration of the ciliary processes in both eyes. Conclusion and Importance Recessive ADAMTS17 variants are associated with WMS4. We report here compound heterozygous variants in ADAMTS17 causing WMS4, and anatomically highlighted the possible pathophysiology for its clinical phenotype. A modified surgical approach with Phaco, IOL implantation, and IZHV combined with AGV implantation could be used to treat these complicated cases.
Collapse
|
14
|
Avetisov SE, Shitikova AV, Avetisov KS. [Anatomical, morphological and biomechanical aspects of accommodation]. Vestn Oftalmol 2022; 138:117-125. [PMID: 36004600 DOI: 10.17116/oftalma2022138041117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The article reviews the findings on the anatomy, morphological and biomechanical features of the accommodation apparatus. Modern methods of imaging and biometry confirm the validity of the Helmholtz lenticular theory of accommodation, according to which its mechanism involves three main components: the ciliary body, the zonular fibres and the lens capsule, the lens itself. Based on this, there is certain interest in studying the degree of participation of each of these components in the development of age-related changes in accommodation (presbyopia).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S E Avetisov
- Research Institute of Eye Disease, Moscow, Russia
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | | | - K S Avetisov
- Research Institute of Eye Disease, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Heilman BM, Durkee H, Rowaan CJ, Arrieta E, Kelly SP, Ehrmann K, Manns F, Parel JM. Temperature affects the biomechanical response of in vitro non-human primate lenses during lens stretching. Exp Eye Res 2022; 216:108951. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.108951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
16
|
Chen ZX, Jia WN, Jiang YX. Lens Biometry in Congenital Lens Deformities: A Swept-Source Anterior Segment OCT Analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:774640. [PMID: 34988093 PMCID: PMC8720848 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.774640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: To investigate the lens biometric parameters in congenital lens deformities, using a novel technique of swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomography (SS-ASOCT). Methods: This prospective study included patients with microspherophakia (MSP), coloboma lentis (CL), and posterior lenticonus (PL). For this cohort, 360-degree high-resolution lens images were obtained using the latest SS-ASOCT (CASIA2, Tomey Corp, Nagoya, Japan). The lens biometric parameters were calculated by the CASIA2 built-in software for anterior lens radius (ALR), posterior lens radius (PLR), anteroposterior distance (APD), anterior chamber depth (ACD), equatorial diameter (Eq Dia), rear projection length (RPL), and maximum diameter of the lesion (MDL). Results: This study included two eyes each with MSP and CL and one eye with PL. The lens of MSP was spherical and posteriorly dislocated, with decreased ALR and PLR, Eq Dia, but increased APD. In patients with CL, the coloboma was isolated, bilateral, inferior, and located toward the maldeveloped ciliary body. High astigmatism was mainly lenticular, and this was calculated by the ALR and PLR. Regarding the site of coloboma, a significant decrease in ALR was observed, while the PLR and APD were not affected. The PL eyes had a cone-shaped protrusion of the posterior lens surface with a subtle cataractous region around the apex. An extremely high posterior surface curvature was observed with a mean PLR of 1.67 mm. The RPL and MDL were about 1.80 and 0.4 mm, respectively, which were homogenous at different sections. Conclusions: The CASIA2 is a valuable option for in vivo crystalline lens measurement for congenital lens deformities, enabling the accurate diagnosis and providing illuminating insights into the pathogenesis of MSP, CL, and PL
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ze-xu Chen
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Wan-Nan Jia
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Xiang Jiang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yong-Xiang Jiang
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wu W, Lois N, Prescott AR, Brown AP, Van Gerwen V, Tassignon MJ, Richards SA, Saunter CD, Jarrin M, Quinlan RA. The importance of the epithelial fibre cell interface to lens regeneration in an in vivo rat model and in a human bag-in-the-lens (BiL) sample. Exp Eye Res 2021; 213:108808. [PMID: 34762932 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human lens regeneration and the Bag-in-the-Lens (BIL) surgical treatment for cataract both depend upon lens capsule closure for their success. Our studies suggest that the first three days after surgery are critical to their long-term outcomes. Using a rat model of lens regeneration, we evidenced lens epithelial cell (LEC) proliferation increased some 50 fold in the first day before rapidly declining to rates observed in the germinative zone of the contra-lateral, un-operated lens. Cell multi-layering at the lens equator occurred on days 1 and 2, but then reorganised into two discrete layers by day 3. E- and N-cadherin expression preceded cell polarity being re-established during the first week. Aquaporin 0 (AQP0) was first detected in the elongated cells at the lens equator at day 7. Cells at the capsulotomy site, however, behaved very differently expressing the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers fibronectin and alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA) from day 3 onwards. The physical interaction between the apical surfaces of the anterior and posterior LECs from day 3 after surgery preceded cell elongation. In the human BIL sample fibre cell formation was confirmed by both histological and proteome analyses, but the cellular response is less ordered and variable culminating in Soemmerring's ring (SR) formation and sometimes Elschnig's pearls. This we evidence for lenses from a single patient. No bow region or recognisable epithelial-fibre cell interface (EFI) was evident and consequently the fibre cells were disorganised. We conclude that lens cells require spatial and cellular cues to initiate, sustain and produce an optically functional tissue in addition to capsule integrity and the EFI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiju Wu
- Department of Biosciences, South Road, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, England, UK
| | - Noemi Lois
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Rd, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Alan R Prescott
- Dundee Imaging Facility & Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Adrian P Brown
- Department of Biosciences, South Road, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, England, UK
| | - Veerle Van Gerwen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marie-José Tassignon
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Ophthalmology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Shane A Richards
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart TAS, Australia
| | | | - Miguel Jarrin
- Department of Biosciences, South Road, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, England, UK
| | - Roy A Quinlan
- Department of Biosciences, South Road, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, England, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Patel SD, Aryal S, Mennetti LP, Parreno J. Whole mount staining of lenses for visualization of lens epithelial cell proteins. MethodsX 2021; 8:101376. [PMID: 34430272 PMCID: PMC8374519 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2021.101376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole mount imaging of the lens allows for high spatial resolution visualization of lens epithelial structures by using small molecule fluorescent probes. However, the visualization of specific proteins in lens epithelial cells within whole lenses remains a challenge as the capsule that surrounds the lens does not allow penetration of antibodies. Here we describe a whole mount imaging method that allows us to overcome this challenge by digesting the lens capsules of paraformaldehyde fixed lenses using collagenase. This method enables the penetration of antibodies for effective visualization of proteins in the epithelium of whole lenses.A limitation to lens whole mount imaging is the ability to visualize specific proteins as the collagen capsule surrounding the lens impedes the penetration of antibodies This protocol helps overcome this limitation by a light collagenase digestion of the capsule of fixed lenses prior to immunostaining This method allows for the imaging of specific proteins in the epithelium of the whole lens tissue
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaili D Patel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware USA
| | - Sandeep Aryal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware USA
| | | | - Justin Parreno
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chen Z, Chen T, Zhang M, Chen J, Deng M, Zheng J, Lan LN, Jiang Y. Fibrillin-1 gene mutations in a Chinese cohort with congenital ectopia lentis: spectrum and genotype-phenotype analysis. Br J Ophthalmol 2021; 106:1655-1661. [PMID: 34281902 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2021-319084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To identify the mutation spectrum and genotype-phenotype correlations of fibrillin-1 (FBN1) mutations in a Chinese cohort with congenital ectopia lentis (EL). METHODS Patients clinically suspected of congenital zonulopathy were screened using panel-based next-generation sequencing followed by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. All the probands were subjected to thorough ocular examinations. Molecular and clinical data were integrated in pursuit of genotype-phenotype correlation. RESULTS A total of 131 probands of FBN1 mutations from unrelated families were recruited. Around 65% of the probands were children younger than 9 years old. Overall, 110 distinct FBN1 mutations were identified, including 39 novel ones. The most at-risk regions were exons 13, 2, 6, 15, 24 and 33 in descending order of mutation frequency. The most prevalent mutation was c.184C>T (seven, 5.34%) in the coding sequence and c.5788+5G>A (three, 2.29%) in introns. Missense mutations were the most frequent type (103, 78.63%); half of which were distributed in the N-terminal regions (53, 51.46%). The majority of missense mutations were detected in one of the calcium-binding epidermal growth factor-like domains (62, 60.19%), and 39 (62.90%) of them were substitutions of conserved cysteine residues. Microspherophakia (MSP) was found in 15 patients (11.45%). Mutations in the middle region (exons 22-42), especially exon 26, had higher risks of combined MSP (OR, 5.51 (95% CI 1.364 to 22.274), p=0.017). CONCLUSIONS This study extended the knowledge of the FBN1 mutation spectrum and provided novel insights into its clinical correlation regarding EL and MSP in the Chinese population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zexu Chen
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianhui Chen
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahui Chen
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Michael Deng
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialei Zheng
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Na Lan
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongxiang Jiang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China .,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lu Q, Zhang Y, Kasetti RB, Gaddipati S, Cvm NK, Borchman D, Li Q. Heterozygous Loss of Yap1 in Mice Causes Progressive Cataracts. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 61:21. [PMID: 33085740 PMCID: PMC7585397 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.12.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Yap1 encodes an evolutionarily conserved transcriptional coactivator and functions as a down-stream effector of the Hippo signaling pathway that controls tissue size and cell growth. Yap1 contributes to lens epithelial development. However, the effect of Yap1 haplodeficiency on the lens epithelium and its role in the development of cataracts has not been reported. The aim of the current study is to investigate Yap1 function and its regulatory mechanisms in lens epithelial cells (LECs). Methods Lens phenotypes were investigated in Yap1 heterozygous mutant mice by visual observation and histological and biochemical methods. Primary LEC cultures were used to study regulatory molecular mechanism. Results The heterozygous inactivation of Yap1 in mice caused cataracts during adulthood with defective LEC phenotypes. Despite a normal early development of the eye including the lens, the majority of Yap1 heterozygotes developed cataracts in the first six months of age. Cataract was preceded by multiple morphological defects in the lens epithelium, including decreased cell density and abnormal cell junctions. The low LEC density was coincident with reduced LEC proliferation. In addition, expression of the Yap1 target gene Crim1 was reduced in the Yap1+/− LEC, and overexpression of Crim1 restored Yap1+/− LEC cell proliferation in vitro. Conclusions Homozygosity of the Yap1 gene was critical for adequate Crim1 expression needed to maintain the constant proliferation of LEC and to maintain a normal-sized lens. Yap1 haplodeficiency leads to cataracts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingxian Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Yingnan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Ramesh Babu Kasetti
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Subhash Gaddipati
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Naresh Kumar Cvm
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Douglas Borchman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Qiutang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Berggren CC, Ameku KA, Pedrigi RM. Altered stress field of the human lens capsule after cataract surgery. J Biomech 2020; 115:110127. [PMID: 33223144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.110127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The lens capsule of the eye is important in focusing light onto the retina during the process of accommodation and, in later life, housing a prosthetic lens implanted during cataract surgery. Though considerable modeling work has characterized the mechanics of accommodation, little has been done to understand the mechanics of the lens capsule after cataract surgery. As such, we present the first 3-D finite element model of the post-surgical human lens capsule with an implanted tension ring and, separately, an intraocular lens to characterize the altered stress field compared to that in a model of the native lens capsule. All finite element models employed a Holzapfel hyperelastic constitutive model with regional variations in anisotropy. The post-surgical lens capsule demonstrated a dramatic perturbation to the stress field with mostly large reductions in stresses (except at the equator where the implant contacts the capsule) compared to native, wherein maximal changes in Cauchy stress were -100% and -145% for the tension ring and intraocular lens, respectively. However, implantation of the tension ring produced a more uniform stress field compared to the IOL. The magnitudes and distribution of the perturbed stress field may be an important driver of the fibrotic response of inhabiting lens epithelial cells and associated lens capsule remodeling after cataract surgery. Thus, the mechanical effects of an implant on the lens capsule could be an essential consideration in the design of intraocular lenses, particularly those with an accommodative feature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caleb C Berggren
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, United States
| | - Kurt A Ameku
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, United States
| | - Ryan M Pedrigi
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Shi Y, Jones W, Beatty W, Tan Q, Mecham RP, Kumra H, Reinhardt DP, Gibson MA, Reilly MA, Rodriguez J, Bassnett S. Latent-transforming growth factor beta-binding protein-2 (LTBP-2) is required for longevity but not for development of zonular fibers. Matrix Biol 2020; 95:15-31. [PMID: 33039488 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Latent-transforming growth factor beta-binding protein 2 (LTBP-2) is a major component of arterial and lung tissue and of the ciliary zonule, the system of extracellular fibers that centers and suspends the lens in the eye. LTBP-2 has been implicated previously in the development of extracellular microfibrils, although its exact role remains unclear. Here, we analyzed the three-dimensional structure of the ciliary zonule in wild type mice and used a knockout model to test the contribution of LTBP-2 to zonule structure and mechanical properties. In wild types, zonular fibers had diameters of 0.5-1.0 micrometers, with an outer layer of fibrillin-1-rich microfibrils and a core of fibrillin-2-rich microfibrils. LTBP-2 was present in both layers. The absence of LTBP-2 did not affect the number of fibers, their diameters, nor their coaxial organization. However, by two months of age, LTBP-2-depleted fibers began to rupture, and by six months, a fully penetrant ectopia lentis phenotype was present, as confirmed by in vivo imaging. To determine whether the seemingly normal fibers of young mice were compromised mechanically, we compared zonule stress/strain relationships of wild type and LTBP-2-deficient mice and developed a quasi-linear viscoelastic engineering model to analyze the resulting data. In the absence of LTBP-2, the ultimate tensile strength of the zonule was reduced by about 50%, and the viscoelastic behavior of the fibers was altered significantly. We developed a harmonic oscillator model to calculate the forces generated during saccadic eye movement. Model simulations suggested that mutant fibers are prone to failure during rapid rotation of the eyeball. Together, these data indicate that LTBP-2 is necessary for the strength and longevity of zonular fibers, but not necessarily for their formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Box 8096, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - W Jones
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Box 8096, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - W Beatty
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Q Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Box 8096, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - R P Mecham
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - H Kumra
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, and Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - D P Reinhardt
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, and Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - M A Gibson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - M A Reilly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - J Rodriguez
- Department of Basic Sciences, St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - S Bassnett
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Box 8096, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
The Zonule of Zinn, or ciliary zonule, is the elaborate system of extracellular fibers that centers the lens in the eye. In humans, the fibers transmit forces that flatten the lens during the process of disaccommodation, thereby bringing distant objects into focus. Zonular fibers are composed almost entirely of 10-12 nm-wide microfibrils, of which polymerized fibrillin is the most abundant component. The thickest fibers have a fascicular organization, where hundreds or thousands of microfibrils are gathered into micrometer-wide bundles. Many such bundles are aggregated to form a fiber. Dozens of proteins comprise the zonule. Most are derived from cells of the non-pigmented ciliary epithelium in the pars plana region, although some are probably contributed by the lens and perhaps other tissues of the anterior segment. Zonular fibers are viscoelastic cables but their component microfibrils are rather stiff structures. Thus, the elastic properties of the fibers likely stem from lateral interactions between microfibrils. Rupture of zonular fibers and subsequent lens dislocation (ectopia lentis) can result from blunt force trauma or be a sequela of other eye diseases, notably exfoliation syndrome. Ectopia lentis is also a feature of syndromic conditions caused typically by mutations in microfibril-associated genes. The resulting ocular phenotypes raise the possibility that the zonule regulates lens size and shape, globe size, and even corneal topology, in addition to its well-recognized role in accommodation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Bassnett
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8096, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tram NK, McLean RM, Swindle-Reilly KE. Glutathione Improves the Antioxidant Activity of Vitamin C in Human Lens and Retinal Epithelial Cells: Implications for Vitreous Substitutes. Curr Eye Res 2020; 46:470-481. [PMID: 32838548 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2020.1809002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tissues in the eye are particularly susceptible to oxidative damage due to light exposure. While vitamin C (ascorbic acid) has been noted as a vital antioxidant in the vitreous humor, its physiological concentration (1-2 mM) has been shown to be toxic to retinal and lens epithelial cells in in vitro cell culture. We have explored adding vitamin C to hydrogel vitreous substitutes as a potential therapeutic to prevent oxidative damage to intraocular tissues after vitrectomy. However, vitamin C degrades rapidly even when loaded at high concentrations, limiting its long-term effectiveness. Glutathione, another antioxidant found abundantly in the lens at concentrations of 2-10 mM, was proposed to be used in conjunction with vitamin C. METHODS Cell viability and reactive oxygen species activity of human retinal and lens epithelial cells treated with various combinations of vitamin C, glutathione, hydrogen peroxide, and a hydrogel vitreous substitute were determined using CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay and dichlorofluorescein assay, respectively. The vitamin C remaining in hydrogel vitreous substitute or glutathione-vitamin C solutions was determined using a microplate reader at 265 nm wavelength, compared against standard solutions with known concentrations. RESULTS Glutathione protected the lens and retinal cells from the negative effect of vitamin C on cell viability and prolonged the antioxidant effect of vitamin C in vitro. While the detected reading of pure vitamin C solution decreased rapidly from 100% to 10% by 3 days, glutathione provided a significant extension to vitamin C stability, with 70% remaining after 14 days when the glutathione was used at physiological concentrations found in the lens (2-10 mM). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate glutathione might be an effective addition to vitamin C in intraocular implants, including potential vitreous substitutes, and warrants additional studies on the effectiveness of the vitamin C - glutathione combination in preventing oxidative stress post-vitrectomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen K Tram
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Rayna M McLean
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Katelyn E Swindle-Reilly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Molecular genetics of congenital cataracts. Exp Eye Res 2019; 191:107872. [PMID: 31770519 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Congenital cataracts, the most common cause of visual impairment and blindness in children worldwide, have diverse etiologies. According to statistics analysis, about one quarter of congenital cataracts caused by genetic defects. Various mutations of more than one hundred genes have been identified in hereditary cataracts so far. In this review, we briefly summarize recent developments about the genetics, molecular mechanisms, and treatments of congenital cataracts. The studies of these pathogenic mutations and molecular genetics is making it possible for us to comprehend the underlying mechanisms of cataractogenesis and providing new insights into the preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches of cataracts.
Collapse
|
26
|
Kumar B, Reilly MA. The Development, Growth, and Regeneration of the Crystalline Lens: A Review. Curr Eye Res 2019; 45:313-326. [DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2019.1681003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - M. A. Reilly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|