1
|
Milyukov VE, Bryukhanov VA, Nguyen CC. [Morphofunctional Analysis of the Role of Epicardial Adipose Tissue in the Formation of the Obesity Paradox in Chronic Heart Failure]. KARDIOLOGIIA 2024; 64:72-80. [PMID: 38597765 DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2024.3.n2469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Based on the available modern medical literature, the article summarizes data on the morpho-functional significance of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) in health and heart failure, analyzes the likelihood and reliability of the formation of the obesity paradox, and also discusses its possible morpho-functional mechanisms. The authors reviewed and analyzed the consequences of the obesity paradox in the aspect of the normal EAT phenotype protectivity. The review proposed ways of further research in this direction aimed at a deep anatomical and physiological analysis and at determining the morpho-functional role of EAT in the adaptive mechanisms of myocardial trophic provision, which may be an important part of the pathogenetic connection between obesity and CHF and, therefore, can improve outcomes in such patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V E Milyukov
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Morocho-Jaramillo PA, Kotlar-Goldaper I, Zakarauskas-Seth BI, Purfürst B, Filosa A, Sawamiphak S. The zebrafish heart harbors a thermogenic beige fat depot analog of human epicardial adipose tissue. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113955. [PMID: 38507414 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Epicardial adipose tissue (eAT) is a metabolically active fat depot that has been associated with a wide array of cardiac homeostatic functions and cardiometabolic diseases. A full understanding of its diverse physiological and pathological roles is hindered by the dearth of animal models. Here, we show, in the heart of an ectothermic teleost, the zebrafish, the existence of a fat depot localized underneath the epicardium, originating from the epicardium and exhibiting the molecular signature of beige adipocytes. Moreover, a subset of adipocytes within this cardiac fat tissue exhibits primitive thermogenic potential. Transcriptomic profiling and cross-species analysis revealed elevated glycolytic and cardiac homeostatic gene expression with downregulated obesity and inflammatory hallmarks in the teleost eAT compared to that of lean aged humans. Our findings unveil epicardium-derived beige fat in the heart of an ectotherm considered to possess solely white adipocytes for energy storage and identify pathways that may underlie age-driven remodeling of human eAT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul-Andres Morocho-Jaramillo
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ilan Kotlar-Goldaper
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bhakti I Zakarauskas-Seth
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bettina Purfürst
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alessandro Filosa
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Suphansa Sawamiphak
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bao W, Chen C, Yang M, Qin L, Xu Z, Yan F, Yang W. A preliminary coronary computed tomography angiography-based study of perivascular fat attenuation index: relation with epicardial adipose tissue and its distribution over the entire coronary vasculature. Eur Radiol 2022; 32:6028-6036. [PMID: 35389051 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-022-08781-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the perivascular fat attenuation index (FAI) in association with epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) parameters and its distribution over the entire coronary vasculature in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS Patients with known or suspected CAD who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography from January 1, 2019, to June 1, 2019, were retrospectively included. The perivascular FAI was quantified on four main epicardial coronary arteries and seven coronary segments. Moreover, EAT density and volume were measured. RESULTS We included 192 consecutive patients (55 without coronary plaque [mean age 46.4 ± 13.2 years, 69.1% male] and 137 with coronary plaque [mean age 57.9 ± 13.0 years, 84.7% male]). EAT density was lower than perivascular FAI in both groups, but they exhibited substantial correlation (- 83.33 ± 4.54 vs. - 78.22 ± 6.52 HU, p < 0.001; r = 0.667 in plaque- patients and - 83.11 ± 4.48 vs. - 77.81 ± 5.63 HU, p < 0.001; r = 0.778 in plaque+ patients). The left main coronary artery had the highest perivascular FAI, followed by the left circumflex artery. The perivascular FAI in proximal segments was significantly higher compared to that in distal segments (all p < 0.05). Furthermore, the presence of plaque did not alter perivascular FAI on the patient or segmental level. CONCLUSION The perivascular FAI was significantly higher than EAT density and correlated substantially with EAT density. The perivascular FAI distribution over the entire coronary tree varied and prompted for vessel-specific or segment-specific thresholds to determine abnormal perivascular FAI in practice. KEY POINTS • The perivascular FAI correlated well with EAT density and had higher values than EAT density. • The distributions of perivascular FAI differ between coronary vessels or segments; considering segment and vessel confounding factors while conducting a perivascular FAI study is necessary. • No significant difference of perivascular FAI was observed between patients without and with coronary plaque, nor between coronary segments without plaque and those with plaque.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Bao
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Chihua Chen
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Le Qin
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zhihan Xu
- Siemens Healthineers CT Collaboration, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuhua Yan
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wenjie Yang
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Oyama S, Arslanian KJ, Levy SB, Ocobock CJ, Fidow UT, Naseri T, Hawley NL. Feasibility of using infrared thermal imaging to examine brown adipose tissue in infants aged 18 to 25 months. Ann Hum Biol 2021; 48:374-381. [PMID: 34781801 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2021.1985607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies in adults indicate that cold-induced temperature change of supraclavicular skin corresponds with brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis. AIM This study examined the feasibility of using thermography to assess temperature changes in infants aged 18-25 months after mild cooling. Further, this study sought to evaluate whether cold exposure induces a thermal response suggestive of BAT activity underlying the supraclavicular region. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Changes in maximum skin temperature at the supraclavicular and interscapular regions were determined using thermal imaging following a mild 5-minute cooling condition (by removal of clothes in a climate-controlled room) in 67 Samoan infants. Temperature changes of the forehead and hand, known BAT-free regions, served as indicators of cooling efficacy. RESULTS Infants with increased hand and forehead temperatures after cold exposure were excluded from analysis, reducing the effective sample size to 19 infants. On average, forehead (p < 0.001), hand (p < 0.001) and back (0.029) temperatures dropped significantly while supraclavicular temperatures remained constant. Participants with greater decreases in forehead temperature tended to exhibit greater supraclavicular thermogenesis (p = 0.084), suggesting potential BAT activity in this region. CONCLUSIONS While further work is necessary to develop a reliable cooling condition, this study provides proof-of-concept for non-invasive assessment of BAT activity in infants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sakurako Oyama
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kendall J Arslanian
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stephanie B Levy
- New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Cara J Ocobock
- Department of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Ulai T Fidow
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tupua Tamasese Meaole Hospital, Samoa National Health Service, Apia, Samoa
| | | | - Nicola L Hawley
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Iacobellis G. Aging Effects on Epicardial Adipose Tissue. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2021; 2:666260. [PMID: 35822028 PMCID: PMC9261330 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.666260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Epicardial fat is the visceral fat of the heart. Epicardial fat is a white adipose tissue, but it displays also brown-fat like or beige fat features. Under physiological conditions, epicardial fat has cardioprotective functions such as free fatty acids supply and thermoregulation of the adjacent myocardium. Epicardial adipose tissue encounters changes in the transition from embryological to childhood and then to adult life. Aging can affect the function and morphology of epicardial fat, more likely in women than in men. The effect of aging on the brown fat properties of the epicardial fat is the most prominent and with the greatest clinical implications. It is promising to know that epicardial fat responds to newer pharmaceutical drugs modulating the adipose tissue and potentially restoring its browning effects. Epicardial fat pro-inflammatory secretome is down-regulated in end-stage coronary artery disease. Chronic ischemia and adverse hemodynamic conditions can also affect the regulatory component of the epicardial fat. Epicardial fat may incur in apoptotic and fibrotic changes that alter its transcriptome and proteasome. In conclusion, aging and advanced stage of chronic diseases are likely to influence and affect epicardial fat genes and function. Whether the downregulation of the epicardial fat tissue is due more to aging than advancing stages of coronary artery disease, or more likely to the combination of both, would be object of future investigations.
Collapse
|
6
|
Levy SB, Klimova TM, Zakharova RN, Fedorov AI, Fedorova VI, Baltakhinova ME, Leonard WR. Evidence for a sensitive period of plasticity in brown adipose tissue during early childhood among indigenous Siberians. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2021; 175:834-846. [PMID: 33913150 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evolutionary theorists have debated the adaptive significance of developmental plasticity in organisms with long lifespans such as humans. This debate in part stems from uncertainty regarding the timing of sensitive periods. Does sensitivity to environmental signals fluctuate across development or does it steadily decline? We investigated developmental plasticity in brown adipose tissue (BAT) among indigenous Siberians in order to explore the timing of phenotypic sensitivity to cold stress. METHODS BAT thermogenesis was quantified using infrared thermal imaging in 78 adults (25 men; 33 women). Cold exposure during gestation, infancy, early childhood, middle childhood, and adolescence was quantified using: (1) the average ambient temperature across each period; (2) the number of times daily temperature dropped below -40°F during each period. We also assessed past cold exposure with a retrospective survey of participation in outdoor activities. RESULTS Adult BAT thermogenesis was significantly associated with the average temperature (p = 0.021), the number of times it was below -40°F (p = 0.026), and participation in winter outdoor activities (p = 0.037) during early childhood. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that early childhood represents an important stage for developmental plasticity, and that culture may play a critical role in shaping the timing of environmental signals. The findings highlight a new pathway through which the local consequences of global climate change may influence human biology, and they suggest that ambient temperature may represent an understudied component of the developmental origins of health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie B Levy
- Department of Anthropology, CUNY Hunter College, New York, New York, USA
- New York Consortium in Evolution Primatology, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tatiana M Klimova
- North-Eastern Federal University Named M. K. Ammosov, Yakutsk, Russia
- Yakutsk Scientific Center for Complex Medical Problems, Yakutsk, Russia
| | - Raisa N Zakharova
- North-Eastern Federal University Named M. K. Ammosov, Yakutsk, Russia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Adipose tissue in health and disease through the lens of its building blocks. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10433. [PMID: 32591560 PMCID: PMC7319996 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67177-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding adipose tissue cellular heterogeneity and homeostasis is essential to comprehend the cell type dynamics in metabolic diseases. Cellular subpopulations in the adipose tissue have been related to disease development, but efforts towards characterizing the adipose tissue cell type composition are limited. Here, we identify the cell type composition of the adipose tissue by using gene expression deconvolution of large amounts of publicly available transcriptomics level data. The proposed approach allows to present a comprehensive study of adipose tissue cell type composition, determining the relative amounts of 21 different cell types in 1282 adipose tissue samples detailing differences across four adipose tissue depots, between genders, across ranges of BMI and in different stages of type-2 diabetes. We compare our results to previous marker-based studies by conducting a literature review of adipose tissue cell type composition and propose candidate cellular markers to distinguish different cell types within the adipose tissue. This analysis reveals gender-specific differences in CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets; identifies adipose tissue as rich source of multipotent stem/stromal cells; and highlights a strongly increased immune cell content in epicardial and pericardial adipose tissue compared to subcutaneous and omental depots. Overall, this systematic analysis provides comprehensive insights into adipose tissue cell-type heterogeneity in health and disease.
Collapse
|
8
|
Ma L, Shi W, Ma X, Zou M, Chen W, Li W, Zou R, Chen X. Comprehensive analysis of differential immunocyte infiltration and the potential ceRNA networks during epicardial adipose tissue development in congenital heart disease. J Transl Med 2020; 18:111. [PMID: 32122382 PMCID: PMC7053131 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02279-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To detect the development, function and therapeutic potential of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT); analyze a related gene expression dataset, including data from neonates, infants, and children with congenital heart disease (CHD); compare the data to identify the codifferentially expressed (DE) mRNAs and lncRNAs and the corresponding miRNAs; generate a potential competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network; and assess the involvement of immunocyte infiltration in the development of the EAT. Methods Multiple algorithms for linear models for microarray data algorithms (LIMMA), CIBERSORT, gene-set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and gene set variation analysis (GSVA) were used. The miRcode, miRDB, miRTarBase, and TargetScan database were used to construct the ceRNA network. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses of the DE mRNAs were performed. Results Thirteen co-DE mRNAs and 47 co-DE lncRNAs were subsequently identified. The related categories included negative regulation of myoblast differentiation, regulation of ion transmembrane transport, and heart development, which were primarily identified for further pathway enrichment analysis. Additionally, the hub ceRNA network in EAT development involving MIR210HG, hsa-miR-449c-5p, and CACNA2D4 was generated and shown to target monocyte infiltration. Conclusion These findings suggest that the pathways of myoblast differentiation and ion transmembrane transport may be potential hub pathways involved in EAT development in CHD patients. In addition, the network includes monocytes, MIR210HG, and CACNA2D4, which were shown to target the RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway and PPAR signaling pathway, indicating that these factors may be novel regulators and therapeutic targets in EAT development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Wanting Shi
- Department of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Xun Ma
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Minghui Zou
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Weidan Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenlei Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Rongjun Zou
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xinxin Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sexual Dimorphism of Brown Adipose Tissue Function. J Pediatr 2019; 210:166-172.e1. [PMID: 30979545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity in school-age children differs between the sexes and to explore the impact of dietary intake, sedentary behavior, and picky/fussy eating. STUDY DESIGN Children aged 8.5-11.8 years of age (n = 36) underwent infrared thermography to determine the temperature of the skin overlying the main superficial BAT depot in the supraclavicular region before and after 5 minutes of mild cold exposure (single-hand immersion in cool tap water at about 20°C). The relationships between the supraclavicular region temperature and parental reports of food consumption, eating behavior, and inactivity were explored. RESULTS The supraclavicular region temperature was higher in boys (n = 16) at baseline, and after cold exposure. Boys displayed a greater thermogenic response to cold. Strong negative correlations were observed between the supraclavicular region temperature and body mass index percentile, and differences in supraclavicular region temperature between girls and boys persisted after adjustment for body mass index percentile. A negative linear relationship was observed between protein and vegetable intake and supraclavicular region temperature in girls only, but did not persist after adjustment for multiple comparisons. There was no difference in the adjusted supraclavicular region temperature between active or inactive children, or picky and nonpicky eaters. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate sexual dimorphism in BAT thermogenic activity and a sex-specific impact of diet. Future studies should aim to quantify the contribution of BAT to childhood energy expenditure, energy imbalance, and any role in the origins of childhood obesity.
Collapse
|
10
|
Patel VB, Shah S, Verma S, Oudit GY. Epicardial adipose tissue as a metabolic transducer: role in heart failure and coronary artery disease. Heart Fail Rev 2018; 22:889-902. [PMID: 28762019 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-017-9644-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes are strongly associated with metabolic and cardiovascular disorders including dyslipidemia, coronary artery disease, hypertension, and heart failure. Adipose tissue is identified as a complex endocrine organ, which by exerting a wide array of regulatory functions at the cellular, tissue and systemic levels can have profound effects on the cardiovascular system. Different terms including "epicardial," "pericardial," and "paracardial" have been used to describe adipose tissue deposits surrounding the heart. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a unique and multifaceted fat depot with local and systemic effects. The functional and anatomic proximity of EAT to the myocardium enables endocrine, paracrine, and vasocrine effects on the heart. EAT displays a large secretosome, which regulates physiological and pathophysiological processes in the heart. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) secretes adipose-derived relaxing factor, which is a "cocktail" of cytokines, adipokines, microRNAs, and cellular mediators, with a potent effect on paracrine regulation of vascular tone, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, migration, atherosclerosis-susceptibility, and restenosis. Although there are various physiological functions of the EAT and PVAT, a phenotypic transformation can lead to a major pathogenic role in various cardiovascular diseases. The equilibrium between the physiological and pathophysiological properties of EAT is very delicate and susceptible to the influences of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Various adipokines secreted from EAT and PVAT have a profound effect on the myocardium and coronary arteries; targeting these adipokines could be an important therapeutic approach to counteract cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav B Patel
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2S2, Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Saumya Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2S2, Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gavin Y Oudit
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2S2, Canada.
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fainberg HP, Birtwistle M, Alagal R, Alhaddad A, Pope M, Davies G, Woods R, Castellanos M, May ST, Ortori CA, Barrett DA, Perry V, Wiens F, Stahl B, van der Beek E, Sacks H, Budge H, Symonds ME. Transcriptional analysis of adipose tissue during development reveals depot-specific responsiveness to maternal dietary supplementation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9628. [PMID: 29941966 PMCID: PMC6018169 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27376-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) undergoes pronounced changes after birth coincident with the loss of the BAT-specific uncoupling protein (UCP)1 and rapid fat growth. The extent to which this adaptation may vary between anatomical locations remains unknown, or whether the process is sensitive to maternal dietary supplementation. We, therefore, conducted a data mining based study on the major fat depots (i.e. epicardial, perirenal, sternal (which possess UCP1 at 7 days), subcutaneous and omental) (that do not possess UCP1) of young sheep during the first month of life. Initially we determined what effect adding 3% canola oil to the maternal diet has on mitochondrial protein abundance in those depots which possessed UCP1. This demonstrated that maternal dietary supplementation delayed the loss of mitochondrial proteins, with the amount of cytochrome C actually being increased. Using machine learning algorithms followed by weighted gene co-expression network analysis, we demonstrated that each depot could be segregated into a unique and concise set of modules containing co-expressed genes involved in adipose function. Finally using lipidomic analysis following the maternal dietary intervention, we confirmed the perirenal depot to be most responsive. These insights point at new research avenues for examining interventions to modulate fat development in early life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hernan P Fainberg
- Division of Child Health, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Birtwistle
- Division of Child Health, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Reham Alagal
- Division of Child Health, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Department of Nutrition and food science, College of Home Economics, Riyadh, BOX: 84428, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Alhaddad
- Division of Child Health, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Pope
- Division of Child Health, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme Davies
- Division of Child Health, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Woods
- Division of Child Health, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Marcos Castellanos
- Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Centre, School of Biosciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sean T May
- Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Centre, School of Biosciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Catharine A Ortori
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - David A Barrett
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Viv Perry
- Robinson Research Institute, Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | | | - Eline van der Beek
- Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harold Sacks
- VA Endocrinology and Diabetes Division, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, and Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Helen Budge
- Division of Child Health, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Michael E Symonds
- Division of Child Health, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom. .,Nottingham Digestive Disease Centre and Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Functional characterization of the Ucp1-associated oxidative phenotype of human epicardial adipose tissue. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15566. [PMID: 29138472 PMCID: PMC5686183 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15501-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown fat presence and metabolic activity has been associated with lower body mass index, higher insulin sensitivity and better cardiometabolic profile in humans. We, and others, have previously reported the presence of Ucp1, a marker of brown adipocytes, in human epicardial adipose tissue (eAT). Characterization of the metabolic activity and associated physiological relevance of Ucp1 within eAT, however, is still awaited. Here, we validate the presence of Ucp1 within human eAT and its ‘beige’ nature. Using in-vitro analytical approaches, we further characterize its thermogenic potential and demonstrate that human eAT is capable of undergoing enhanced uncoupling respiration upon stimulation. Direct biopsy gene expression analysis reveals a negative association between thermogenic markers and oxidative stress-related genes in this depot. Consistently, isoproterenol (Iso) stimulation of eAT leads to a downregulation of secreted proteins included in the GO terms ‘cell redox homeostasis’ and ‘protein folding’. In addition, cardiac endothelial cells exhibit a downregulation in the expression of adhesion markers upon treatment with Iso-stimulated eAT derived conditioned media. Overall, these observations suggest that Ucp1- associated metabolic activity plays a significant role in local tissue homeostasis within eAT and can plausibly alter its communication with neighboring cells of the cardiovascular system.
Collapse
|
13
|
Henry BA, Pope M, Birtwistle M, Loughnan R, Alagal R, Fuller-Jackson JP, Perry V, Budge H, Clarke IJ, Symonds ME. Ontogeny and Thermogenic Role for Sternal Fat in Female Sheep. Endocrinology 2017; 158:2212-2225. [PMID: 28431116 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue acting through a unique uncoupling protein (UCP1) has a critical role in preventing hypothermia in newborn sheep but is then thought to rapidly disappear during postnatal life. The extent to which the anatomical location of fat influences postnatal development and thermogenic function in adulthood, particularly following feeding, is unknown, and we examined both in our study. Changes in gene expression of functionally important pathways (i.e., thermogenesis, development, adipogenesis, and metabolism) were compared between sternal and retroperitoneal fat depots together with a representative skeletal muscle over the first month of postnatal life, coincident with the loss of brown fat and the accumulation of white fat. In adult sheep, implanted temperature probes were used to characterize the thermogenic response of fat and muscle to feeding and the effects of reduced or increased adiposity. UCP1 was more abundant in sternal fat than in retroperitoneal fat and was retained only in the sternal depot of adults. Distinct differences in the abundance of gene pathway markers were apparent between tissues, with sternal fat exhibiting some similarities with muscle that were not apparent in the retroperitoneal depot. In adults, the postprandial rise in temperature was greater and more prolonged in sternal fat than in retroperitoneal fat and muscle, a difference that was maintained with altered adiposity. In conclusion, sternal adipose tissue retains UCP1 into adulthood, when it shows a greater thermogenic response to feeding than do muscle and retroperitoneal fat. Sternal fat may be more amenable to targeted interventions that promote thermogenesis in large mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Belinda A Henry
- Metabolic Disease and Obesity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Mark Pope
- Early Life Research Unit, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Birtwistle
- Early Life Research Unit, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael Loughnan
- Metabolic Disease and Obesity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Reham Alagal
- Early Life Research Unit, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - John-Paul Fuller-Jackson
- Metabolic Disease and Obesity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Viv Perry
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Budge
- Early Life Research Unit, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Iain J Clarke
- Neuroscience Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Michael E Symonds
- Early Life Research Unit, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
- Nottingham Digestive Disease Centre and Biomedical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gaborit B, Sengenes C, Ancel P, Jacquier A, Dutour A. Role of Epicardial Adipose Tissue in Health and Disease: A Matter of Fat? Compr Physiol 2017. [PMID: 28640452 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a small but very biologically active ectopic fat depot that surrounds the heart. Given its rapid metabolism, thermogenic capacity, unique transcriptome, secretory profile, and simply measurability, epicardial fat has drawn increasing attention among researchers attempting to elucidate its putative role in health and cardiovascular diseases. The cellular crosstalk between epicardial adipocytes and cells of the vascular wall or myocytes is high and suggests a local role for this tissue. The balance between protective and proinflammatory/profibrotic cytokines, chemokines, and adipokines released by EAT seem to be a key element in atherogenesis and could represent a future therapeutic target. EAT amount has been found to predict clinical coronary outcomes. EAT can also modulate cardiac structure and function. Its amount has been associated with atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, and sleep apnea syndrome. Conversely, a beiging fat profile of EAT has been identified. In this review, we describe the current state of knowledge regarding the anatomy, physiology and pathophysiological role of EAT, and the factors more globally leading to ectopic fat development. We will also highlight the most recent findings on the origin of this ectopic tissue, and its association with cardiac diseases. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:1051-1082, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte Gaborit
- NORT, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, NORT, Marseille, France.,Endocrinology Metabolic Diseases, and Nutrition Department, Pole ENDO, APHM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Coralie Sengenes
- STROMALab, Université de Toulouse, EFS, ENVT, Inserm U1031, ERL CNRS 5311, CHU Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | - Patricia Ancel
- NORT, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, NORT, Marseille, France
| | - Alexis Jacquier
- CNRS UMR 7339, Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale (CRMBM), Marseille, France.,Radiology department, CHU La Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Anne Dutour
- NORT, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, NORT, Marseille, France.,Endocrinology Metabolic Diseases, and Nutrition Department, Pole ENDO, APHM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gaborit B, Dutour A. Looking beyond ectopic fat amount: A SMART method to quantify epicardial adipose tissue density. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2017; 24:657-659. [DOI: 10.1177/2047487317689976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte Gaborit
- Faculté de Médecine, Aix Marseille University, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nord, France
| | - Anne Dutour
- Faculté de Médecine, Aix Marseille University, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nord, France
| |
Collapse
|