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Rabineau J, Nonclercq A, Leiner T, van de Borne P, Migeotte PF, Haut B. Closed-Loop Multiscale Computational Model of Human Blood Circulation. Applications to Ballistocardiography. Front Physiol 2021; 12:734311. [PMID: 34955874 PMCID: PMC8697684 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.734311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac mechanical activity leads to periodic changes in the distribution of blood throughout the body, which causes micro-oscillations of the body's center of mass and can be measured by ballistocardiography (BCG). However, many of the BCG findings are based on parameters whose origins are poorly understood. Here, we generate simulated multidimensional BCG signals based on a more exhaustive and accurate computational model of blood circulation than previous attempts. This model consists in a closed loop 0D-1D multiscale representation of the human blood circulation. The 0D elements include the cardiac chambers, cardiac valves, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins, while the 1D elements include 55 systemic and 57 pulmonary arteries. The simulated multidimensional BCG signal is computed based on the distribution of blood in the different compartments and their anatomical position given by whole-body magnetic resonance angiography on a healthy young subject. We use this model to analyze the elements affecting the BCG signal on its different axes, allowing a better interpretation of clinical records. We also evaluate the impact of filtering and healthy aging on the BCG signal. The results offer a better view of the physiological meaning of BCG, as compared to previous models considering mainly the contribution of the aorta and focusing on longitudinal acceleration BCG. The shape of experimental BCG signals can be reproduced, and their amplitudes are in the range of experimental records. The contributions of the cardiac chambers and the pulmonary circulation are non-negligible, especially on the lateral and transversal components of the velocity BCG signal. The shapes and amplitudes of the BCG waveforms are changing with age, and we propose a scaling law to estimate the pulse wave velocity based on the time intervals between the peaks of the acceleration BCG signal. We also suggest new formulas to estimate the stroke volume and its changes based on the BCG signal expressed in terms of acceleration and kinetic energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Rabineau
- TIPs, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- LPHYS, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Tim Leiner
- Department of Radiology, Utrecht University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Philippe van de Borne
- Department of Cardiology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Benoit Haut
- TIPs, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Ewert R, Stubbe B, Heine A, Desole S, Habedank D, Knaack C, Hortien F, Opitz CF. [Invasive Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing: A Review]. Pneumologie 2021; 76:98-111. [PMID: 34844269 DOI: 10.1055/a-1651-7450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Right heart catheterization (RHC) is the internationally standardized reference method for measuring pulmonary hemodynamics under resting conditions. In recent years, increasing efforts have been made to establish the reliable assessment of exercise hemodynamics as well, in order to obtain additional diagnostic and prognostic data. Furthermore, cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), as the most comprehensive non-invasive exercise test, is increasingly performed in combination with RHC providing detailed pathophysiological insights into the exercise response, so-called invasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing (iCPET).In this review, the accumulated experience with iCPET is presented and methodological details are discussed. This complex examination is especially helpful in differentiating the underlying causes of unexplained dyspnea. In particular, early forms of cardiac or pulmonary vascular dysfunction can be detected by integrated analysis of hemodynamic as well as ventilatory and gas exchange data. It is expected that with increasing validation of iCPET parameters, a more reliable differentiation of normal from pathological stress reactions will be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Ewert
- Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Klinik für Innere Medizin B, Bereich Pneumologie und Weaningzentrum, Greifswald
| | - Beate Stubbe
- Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Klinik für Innere Medizin B, Bereich Pneumologie und Weaningzentrum, Greifswald
| | - Alexander Heine
- Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Klinik für Innere Medizin B, Bereich Pneumologie und Weaningzentrum, Greifswald
| | - Susanna Desole
- Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Klinik für Innere Medizin B, Bereich Pneumologie und Weaningzentrum, Greifswald
| | - Dirk Habedank
- DRK Kliniken Berlin Köpenick, Medizinische Klinik Kardiologie, Berlin
| | - Christine Knaack
- Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Klinik für Innere Medizin C, Greifswald
| | - Franziska Hortien
- Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Klinik für Innere Medizin B, Bereich Pneumologie und Weaningzentrum, Greifswald
| | - Christian F Opitz
- DRK Kliniken Berlin Westend, Klinik für Innere Medizin, Schwerpunkt Kardiologie, Berlin
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Right Heart Catheterization-Background, Physiological Basics, and Clinical Implications. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8091331. [PMID: 31466390 PMCID: PMC6780851 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The idea of right heart catheterization (RHC) grew in the milieu of modern thinking about the cardiovascular system, influenced by the experiments of William Harvey, which were inspired by the treatises of Greek philosophers like Aristotle and Gallen, who made significant contributions to the subject. RHC was first discovered in the eighteenth century by William Hale and was subsequently systematically improved by outstanding experiments in the field of physiology, led by Cournand and Dickinson Richards, which finally resulted in the implementation of pulmonary artery catheters (PAC) into clinical practice by Jeremy Swan and William Ganz in the early 1970s. Despite its premature euphoric reception, some further analysis seemed not to share the early enthusiasm as far as the safety and effectiveness issues were concerned. Nonetheless, RHC kept its significant role in the diagnosis, prognostic evaluation, and decision-making of pulmonary hypertension and heart failure patients. Its role in the treatment of end-stage heart failure seems not to be fully understood, although it is promising. PAC-guided optimization of the treatment of patients with ventricular assist devices and its beneficial introduction into clinical practice remains a challenge for the near future.
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Lee J, Sohn J, Park J, Yang S, Lee S, Kim HC. Novel blood pressure and pulse pressure estimation based on pulse transit time and stroke volume approximation. Biomed Eng Online 2018; 17:81. [PMID: 29914491 PMCID: PMC6006984 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-018-0510-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-invasive continuous blood pressure monitors are of great interest to the medical community due to their value in hypertension management. Recently, studies have shown the potential of pulse pressure as a therapeutic target for hypertension, but not enough attention has been given to non-invasive continuous monitoring of pulse pressure. Although accurate pulse pressure estimation can be of direct value to hypertension management and indirectly to the estimation of systolic blood pressure, as it is the sum of pulse pressure and diastolic blood pressure, only a few inadequate methods of pulse pressure estimation have been proposed. METHODS We present a novel, non-invasive blood pressure and pulse pressure estimation method based on pulse transit time and pre-ejection period. Pre-ejection period and pulse transit time were measured non-invasively using electrocardiogram, seismocardiogram, and photoplethysmogram measured from the torso. The proposed method used the 2-element Windkessel model to model pulse pressure with the ratio of stroke volume, approximated by pre-ejection period, and arterial compliance, estimated by pulse transit time. Diastolic blood pressure was estimated using pulse transit time, and systolic blood pressure was estimated as the sum of the two estimates. The estimation method was verified in 11 subjects in two separate conditions with induced cardiovascular response and the results were compared against a reference measurement and values obtained from a previously proposed method. RESULTS The proposed method yielded high agreement with the reference (pulse pressure correlation with reference R ≥ 0.927, diastolic blood pressure correlation with reference R ≥ 0.854, systolic blood pressure correlation with reference R ≥ 0.914) and high estimation accuracy in pulse pressure (mean root-mean-squared error ≤ 3.46 mmHg) and blood pressure (mean root-mean-squared error ≤ 6.31 mmHg for diastolic blood pressure and ≤ 8.41 mmHg for systolic blood pressure) over a wide range of hemodynamic changes. CONCLUSION The proposed pulse pressure estimation method provides accurate estimates in situations with and without significant changes in stroke volume. The proposed method improves upon the currently available systolic blood pressure estimation methods by providing accurate pulse pressure estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonnyong Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University Graduate School, Suite 321, Building 8, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - JangJay Sohn
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University Graduate School, Suite 321, Building 8, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghyun Park
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University Graduate School, Suite 321, Building 8, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - SeungMan Yang
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University Graduate School, Suite 321, Building 8, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Saram Lee
- Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Suite 1203-1, 71 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03082, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hee Chan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Suite 11315, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,The Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Suite 11315, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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Airway pressure release ventilation improves pulmonary blood flow in infants after cardiac surgery*. Crit Care Med 2011; 39:2599-604. [DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e318228297a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Pinheiro E, Postolache O, Girão P. Theory and developments in an unobtrusive cardiovascular system representation: ballistocardiography. Open Biomed Eng J 2010; 4:201-16. [PMID: 21673836 PMCID: PMC3111731 DOI: 10.2174/1874120701004010201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2010] [Revised: 06/23/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to recent technological improvements, namely in the field of piezoelectric sensors, ballistocardiography - an almost forgotten physiological measurement - is now being object of a renewed scientific interest.Transcending the initial purposes of its development, ballistocardiography has revealed itself to be a useful informative signal about the cardiovascular system status, since it is a non-intrusive technique which is able to assess the body's vibrations due to its cardiac, and respiratory physiological signatures.Apart from representing the outcome of the electrical stimulus to the myocardium - which may be obtained by electrocardiography - the ballistocardiograph has additional advantages, as it can be embedded in objects of common use, such as a bed or a chair. Moreover, it enables measurements without the presence of medical staff, factor which avoids the stress caused by medical examinations and reduces the patient's involuntary psychophysiological responses.Given these attributes, and the crescent number of systems developed in recent years, it is therefore pertinent to revise all the information available on the ballistocardiogram's physiological interpretation, its typical waveform information, its features and distortions, as well as the state of the art in device implementations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Pinheiro
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Instituto Superior Técnico, Torre Norte piso 10, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
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Nossaman BD, Scruggs BA, Nossaman VE, Murthy SN, Kadowitz PJ. History of right heart catheterization: 100 years of experimentation and methodology development. Cardiol Rev 2010; 18:94-101. [PMID: 20160536 PMCID: PMC2857603 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0b013e3181ceff67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The development of right heart catheterization has provided the clinician the ability to diagnose patients with congenital and acquired right heart disease, and to monitor patients in the intensive care unit with significant cardiovascular illnesses. The development of bedside pulmonary artery catheterization has become a standard of care for the critically ill patient since its introduction into the intensive care unit almost 40 years ago. However, adoption of this procedure into the mainstream of clinical practice occurred without prior evaluation or demonstration of its clinical or cost-effectiveness. Moreover, current randomized, controlled trials provide little evidence in support of the clinical utility of pulmonary artery catheterization in the management of critically ill patients. Nevertheless, the right heart catheter is an important diagnostic tool to assist the clinician in the diagnosis of congenital heart disease and acquired right heart disease, and moreover, when catheter placement is proximal to the right auricle (atria), this catheter provides an important and safe route for administration of fluids, medications, and parenteral nutrition. The purpose of this manuscript is to review the development of right heart catheterization that led to the ability to conduct physiologic studies in cardiovascular dynamics in normal individuals and in patients with cardiovascular diseases, and to review current controversies of the extension of the right heart catheter, the pulmonary artery catheter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobby D. Nossaman
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care Medicine Section, Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Brittni A. Scruggs
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Vaughn E. Nossaman
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Subramanyam N. Murthy
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Philip J. Kadowitz
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
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Inan OT, Etemadi M, Paloma A, Giovangrandi L, Kovacs GTA. Non-invasive cardiac output trending during exercise recovery on a bathroom-scale-based ballistocardiograph. Physiol Meas 2009; 30:261-74. [PMID: 19202234 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/30/3/003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac ejection of blood into the aorta generates a reaction force on the body that can be measured externally via the ballistocardiogram (BCG). In this study, a commercial bathroom scale was modified to measure the BCGs of nine healthy subjects recovering from treadmill exercise. During the recovery, Doppler echocardiogram signals were obtained simultaneously from the left ventricular outflow tract of the heart. The percentage changes in root-mean-square (RMS) power of the BCG were strongly correlated with the percentage changes in cardiac output measured by Doppler echocardiography (R(2) = 0.85, n = 275 data points). The correlation coefficients for individually analyzed data ranged from 0.79 to 0.96. Using Bland-Altman methods for assessing agreement, the mean bias was found to be -0.5% (+/-24%) in estimating the percentage changes in cardiac output. In contrast to other non-invasive methods for trending cardiac output, the unobtrusive procedure presented here uses inexpensive equipment and could be performed without the aid of a medical professional.
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Affiliation(s)
- O T Inan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Bradley SE, Chasis H, Goldring W, Smith HW. HEMODYNAMIC ALTERATIONS IN NORMOTENSIVE AND HYPERTENSIVE SUBJECTS DURING THE PYROGENIC REACTION. J Clin Invest 2006; 24:749-58. [PMID: 16695270 PMCID: PMC435512 DOI: 10.1172/jci101660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S E Bradley
- Department of Physiology, New York University College of Medicine, New York City
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Kety SS, Schmidt CF. THE EFFECTS OF ACTIVE AND PASSIVE HYPERVENTILATION ON CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW, CEREBRAL OXYGEN CONSUMPTION, CARDIAC OUTPUT, AND BLOOD PRESSURE OF NORMAL YOUNG MEN. J Clin Invest 2006; 25:107-19. [PMID: 16695290 PMCID: PMC435544 DOI: 10.1172/jci101680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S S Kety
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
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Nickerson JL, Warren JV, Brannon ES. THE CARDIAC OUTPUT IN MAN: STUDIES WITH THE LOW FREQUENCY, CRITICALLY-DAMPED BALLISTOCARDIOGRAPH, AND THE METHOD OF RIGHT ATRIAL CATHETERIZATION. J Clin Invest 2006; 26:1-10. [PMID: 16695389 PMCID: PMC435641 DOI: 10.1172/jci101780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J L Nickerson
- Department of Physiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Tanner
- Laboratory of Therapeutic Research, University of Pennsylvania Medical School
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Galdston M, Luetscher JA, Longcope WT, Ballich NL, Kremer VL, Filley GL, Hopson JL. A STUDY OF THE RESIDUAL EFFECTS OF PHOSGENE POISONING IN HUMAN SUBJECTS. I. AFTER ACUTE EXPOSURE. J Clin Invest 2006; 26:145-68. [PMID: 16695404 PMCID: PMC435656 DOI: 10.1172/jci101795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Galdston
- Clinical Research Section, Medical Division, Chemical Warfare Service, Edgewood Arsenal, Maryland
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Cournand A, Riley RL, Breed ES, Baldwin ED, Richards DW, Lester MS, Jones M. MEASUREMENT OF CARDIAC OUTPUT IN MAN USING THE TECHNIQUE OF CATHETERIZATION OF THE RIGHT AURICLE OR VENTRICLE. J Clin Invest 2006; 24:106-16. [PMID: 16695180 PMCID: PMC435435 DOI: 10.1172/jci101570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Cournand
- Department of Medicine of Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, and the Tuberculosis Service, Bellevue Hospital (Columbia University Division), New York City
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Kety SS, Schmidt CF. THE EFFECTS OF ALTERED ARTERIAL TENSIONS OF CARBON DIOXIDE AND OXYGEN ON CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND CEREBRAL OXYGEN CONSUMPTION OF NORMAL YOUNG MEN. J Clin Invest 2006; 27:484-92. [PMID: 16695569 PMCID: PMC439519 DOI: 10.1172/jci101995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1265] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S S Kety
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
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Ranges HA, Bradley SE. SYSTEMIC AND RENAL CIRCULATORY CHANGES FOLLOWING THE ADMINISTRATION OF ADRENIN, EPHEDRINE, AND PAREDRINOL TO NORMAL MAN. J Clin Invest 2006; 22:687-93. [PMID: 16695051 PMCID: PMC435284 DOI: 10.1172/jci101440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H A Ranges
- Department of Medicine, New York University College of Medicine, New York City
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WARREN JV, NICKERSON JL, ELKIN DC. The cardiac output in patients with arteriovenous fistulas. J Clin Invest 2004; 30:210-4. [PMID: 14814214 PMCID: PMC436247 DOI: 10.1172/jci102434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Eblen-Zajjur A. A simple ballistocardiographic system for a medical cardiovascular physiology course. ADVANCES IN PHYSIOLOGY EDUCATION 2003; 27:224-229. [PMID: 14627620 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00025.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ballistocardiography is an old, noninvasive technique used to record the movements of the body synchronous with the heartbeat due to left ventricular pump activity. Despite the fact that this technique to measure cardiac output has been superseded by more advanced and precise techniques, it is useful for teaching cardiac cycle physiology in an undergraduate practical course because of its noninvasive application in humans, clear physiological and physiopathological analysis, and practical approach to considering cardiac output issues. In the present report, a simple, low cost, easy-to-build ballistocardiography system is implemented together with a theoretical and practical session that includes Newton's laws, cardiac output, cardiac pump activity, anatomy and physiology of the vessel circulation, vectorial composition, and signal transduction, which makes cardiovascular physiology easy to understand and focuses on the study of cardiac output otherwise seen only with the help of computer simulation or echocardiography. The proposed system is able to record body displacement or force as ballistocardiography traces and its changes caused by different physiological factors. The ballistocardiography session was included in our medical physiology course six years ago with very high acceptance and approval rates from the students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Eblen-Zajjur
- Departamento Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo, El Trigal 2002, Valencia, Venezuela.
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RODBARD S, WILLIAMS F, WILLIAMS C. The spherical dynamics of the heart (myocardial tension, oxygen consumption, coronary blood flow and efficiency). Am Heart J 2000; 57:348-60. [PMID: 13626794 DOI: 10.1016/0002-8703(59)90316-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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MANDEL MJ, SAPIRSTEIN LA. Effect of angiotensin infusion on regional blood flow and regional vascular resistance in the rat. Circ Res 1998; 10:807-16. [PMID: 14469179 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.10.5.807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Venkataraman K, De Guzman MF, Hafeez Khan A, Haywood LJ. Cardiac output measurement: a comparison of direct Fick, dye dilution and thermodilution methods in stable and acutely Ill patients. J Natl Med Assoc 1976; 68:281-4. [PMID: 787547 PMCID: PMC2609555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Gump FE, Kinney JM, Price JB. Energy metabolism in surgical patients: oxygen consumption and blood flow. J Surg Res 1970; 10:613-27. [PMID: 5500463 DOI: 10.1016/0022-4804(70)90090-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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VILLARREAL H, EXAIRE JE, RUBIO V, DAVILA H. Effect of guanethidine and bretylium tosylate on systemic and renal hemodynamics in essential hypertension. Am J Cardiol 1964; 14:633-40. [PMID: 14218846 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9149(64)90054-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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VILLARREAL H, EXAIRE JE, REVOLLO A, SONI J. Effects of Chlorothiazide on Systemic Hemodynamics in Essential Hypertension. Circulation 1962; 26:405-8. [PMID: 13926016 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.26.3.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nineteen observations were made in 12 patients with early essential hypertension. The comparative effects upon mean arterial blood pressure, cardiac index, and total peripheral resistance of the acute and long-term administration of chlorothiazide were studied.
With acute administration of the drug, a 10 per cent drop in mean arterial blood pressure, a decrease of 18 per cent in cardiac index, and an increase of 7 per cent in peripheral resistance were observed.
With long-term administration, a decrease of 21 per cent in mean arterial blood pressure, an increase of 4 per cent in cardiac index, and a drop of 26 per cent in peripheral resistance were found.
The conclusion is drawn that reduction of mean arterial blood pressure with acute administration of chlorothiazide is due to decrease in cardiac output, whereas with long-term use it is due to reduction in total peripheral resistance.
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Fisher E, Dalton R. Determination of the Cardiac Output of Cattle and Horses by the Injection Method. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1961. [DOI: 10.1016/s0007-1935(17)43702-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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DALEY R. The autonomic nervous system in its relation to some forms of heart and lung disease. II. Lung disease. BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 1957; 2:249-55. [PMID: 13446451 PMCID: PMC1961724 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.5039.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Bronchospirometrische Untersuchungen zur Frage der gasspannungsabhängigen Durchblutungsregulation der Alveolarkapillaren. Basic Res Cardiol 1957. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02119679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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ULMER W, WENKE A. [Bronchospirometric studies on the problem of gas pressure dependent circulatory regulation of alveolar capillaries]. ARCHIV FUR KREISLAUFFORSCHUNG 1957; 26:256-70. [PMID: 13445104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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CHRISTENSEN EH. Physical working capacity of old workers and physiological background for work tests and work evaluations. Bull World Health Organ 1955; 13:587-93. [PMID: 13276812 PMCID: PMC2538129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The worker's fitness for different jobs will be determined by a number of functions of which many are influenced by age. The physical working capacity has undoubtedly a maximum between 20 and 35 years of age. The decline after 35 years will be different in every individual, but certain average figures can be given. The reduction is mainly due to a decrease in the maximal values for circulation and respiration rate, that is, in the oxygen-transport system. Also the muscular strength will be reduced in the higher age-groups. The problem in work rationalization is to determine the maximum rate of work that man can carry on continuously and still retain vigour to an advanced age.The result of several work-analyses shows that actually in manual labour the workmen often utilize up to 50% of their aerobic capacity but avoid exceeding this percentage. As the aerobic capacity decreases with age it is important to know the upper limits and the safety margin for the different age-groups. For that reason one has to determine the working capacity of the man and the physiological stress of the job. It is also important to determine to what degree skill and experience can compensate for age-changes. A superior individual will, even in old age, exceed the average of the young. Age differences may often be of less importance than individual differences.It is still not known what physiological qualifications the different jobs demand, or what age-changes in the physiological functions are of importance for these jobs. The gradual increase in the average age of the population makes investigations in this field important.
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BARTELS H, BEER R, FLEISCHER E, HOFFHEINZ HJ, KRALL J, RODEWALD G, WENNER J, WITT I. [Determination of shunt circulation and diffusion capacity of the lungs in health and pulmonary disease]. Pflugers Arch 1955; 261:99-132. [PMID: 13266495 DOI: 10.1007/bf00369783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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HAUCH HJ, DANNEEL KT. [Comparative determination of the heart minute volume according to direct Fick's method and according to Broemser-Ranker physical method]. J Mol Med (Berl) 1954; 32:687-92. [PMID: 13202382 DOI: 10.1007/bf01481114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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SIMON DL, IGLAUER A, BRAUNSTEIN J. The immediate effect of cigarettes on the circulation of healthy and habitual male smokers; a study of ballistocardiography. Am Heart J 1954; 48:185-8. [PMID: 13180470 DOI: 10.1016/0002-8703(54)90171-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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GUBNER RS, RODSTEIN M, UNGERLEIDER HE. [Ballistocardiography; an appraisal of technic, physiologic principles, and clinical value]. Circulation 1953; 7:268-86. [PMID: 13019942 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.7.2.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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CATHCART RT, FIELD WW, RICHARDS DW. Comparison of cardiac output determined by the ballistocardiograph (Nickerson apparatus) and by the direct Fick method. J Clin Invest 1953; 32:5-14. [PMID: 13011202 PMCID: PMC436521 DOI: 10.1172/jci102710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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PORDY L, CHESKY K, MASTER AM, TAYMOR RC, MOSER M. The dual displacement and velocity ballistocardiograph apparatus. Am Heart J 1952; 44:248-56. [PMID: 14952445 DOI: 10.1016/0002-8703(52)90149-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Morrissey MJ, Palmer AJ. SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE CARDIAC OUTPUT AND ITS MEASUREMENT, WITH A DESCRIPTION OF A MODIFIED CARBON DIOXIDE METHOD. Med J Aust 1949; 1:113-8. [DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1949.tb28300.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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