1
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Katerndahl CDS, Rogers ORS, Day RB, Xu Z, Helton NM, Ramakrishnan SM, Miller CA, Ley TJ. PML::RARA and GATA2 proteins interact via DNA templates to induce aberrant self-renewal in mouse and human hematopoietic cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2317690121. [PMID: 38648485 PMCID: PMC11067031 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2317690121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The underlying mechanism(s) by which the PML::RARA fusion protein initiates acute promyelocytic leukemia is not yet clear. We defined the genomic binding sites of PML::RARA in primary mouse and human hematopoietic progenitor cells with V5-tagged PML::RARA, using anti-V5-PML::RARA chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and CUT&RUN approaches. Most genomic PML::RARA binding sites were found in regions that were already chromatin-accessible (defined by ATAC-seq) in unmanipulated, wild-type promyelocytes, suggesting that these regions are "open" prior to PML::RARA expression. We found that GATA binding motifs, and the direct binding of the chromatin "pioneering factor" GATA2, were significantly enriched near PML::RARA binding sites. Proximity labeling studies revealed that PML::RARA interacts with ~250 proteins in primary mouse hematopoietic cells; GATA2 and 33 others require PML::RARA binding to DNA for the interaction to occur, suggesting that binding to their cognate DNA target motifs may stabilize their interactions. In the absence of PML::RARA, Gata2 overexpression induces many of the same epigenetic and transcriptional changes as PML::RARA. These findings suggested that PML::RARA may indirectly initiate its transcriptional program by activating Gata2 expression: Indeed, we demonstrated that inactivation of Gata2 prior to PML::RARA expression prevented its ability to induce self-renewal. These data suggested that GATA2 binding creates accessible chromatin regions enriched for both GATA and Retinoic Acid Receptor Element motifs, where GATA2 and PML::RARA can potentially bind and interact with each other. In turn, PML::RARA binding to DNA promotes a feed-forward transcriptional program by positively regulating Gata2 expression. Gata2 may therefore be required for PML::RARA to establish its transcriptional program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey D. S. Katerndahl
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Stem Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Olivia R. S. Rogers
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Stem Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Ryan B. Day
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Stem Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Ziheng Xu
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Stem Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Nichole M. Helton
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Stem Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Sai Mukund Ramakrishnan
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Stem Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Christopher A. Miller
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Stem Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Timothy J. Ley
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Stem Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
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2
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Jasim SA, Al-Hawary SIS, Hjazi A, Ahmad I, Kaur I, Kadhum WR, Alkhafaji AT, Ghildiyal P, Jawad MA, Alsaadi SB. A comprehensive review of lncRNA CRNDE in cancer progression and pathology, with a specific glance at the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 256:155229. [PMID: 38484655 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
It has been suggested that the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), such as colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed (CRNDE), may contribute to the formation of human cancer. It is yet unknown, though, what therapeutic significance CRNDE expression has for different forms of cancer. CRNDE has recently been proposed as a possible diagnostic biomarker and prognostic pred for excellent specificity and sensitivity in cancer tissues and plasma. To provide the groundwork for potential future therapeutic uses of CRNDE, we briefly overview its biological action and related cancer-related pathways. Next, we mainly address the impact of CRNDE on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The epithelial-mesenchymal transition, or EMT, is an essential biological mechanism involved in the spread of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ahmed Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Irwanjot Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, Jain (Deemed-to-be) University, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560069, India; Department of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303012, India
| | - Wesam R Kadhum
- Department of Pharmacy, Kut University College, Kut, Wasit 52001, Iraq; Advanced research center, Kut University College, Kut, Wasit 52001, Iraq
| | | | - Pallavi Ghildiyal
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | | | - Salim B Alsaadi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Al-Hadi University College, Baghdad 10011, Iraq
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3
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Qiao N, Lyu Y, Liu F, Zhang Y, Ma X, Lin X, Wang J, Xie Y, Zhang R, Qiao J, Zhu H, Chen L, Fang H, Yin T, Chen Z, Tian Q, Chen S. Cross-sectional network analysis of plasma proteins/metabolites correlated with pathogenesis and therapeutic response in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Front Med 2024; 18:327-343. [PMID: 38151667 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-023-1022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of PML/RARA+ acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with all-trans-retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide (ATRA/ATO) has been recognized as a model for translational medicine research. Though an altered microenvironment is a general cancer hallmark, how APL blasts shape their plasma composition is poorly understood. Here, we reported a cross-sectional correlation network to interpret multilayered datasets on clinical parameters, proteomes, and metabolomes of paired plasma samples from patients with APL before or after ATRA/ATO induction therapy. Our study revealed the two prominent features of the APL plasma, suggesting a possible involvement of APL blasts in modulating plasma composition. One was characterized by altered secretory protein and metabolite profiles correlating with heightened proliferation and energy consumption in APL blasts, and the other featured APL plasma-enriched proteins or enzymes catalyzing plasma-altered metabolites that were potential trans-regulatory targets of PML/RARA. Furthermore, results indicated heightened interferon-gamma signaling characterizing a tumor-suppressing function of the immune system at the first hematological complete remission stage, which likely resulted from therapy-induced cell death or senescence and ensuing supraphysiological levels of intracellular proteins. Overall, our work sheds new light on the pathophysiology and treatment of APL and provides an information-rich reference data cohort for the exploratory and translational study of leukemia microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niu Qiao
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yizhu Lyu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Department of Hematology, Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Yuliang Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiaolin Ma
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiaojing Lin
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Junyu Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yinyin Xie
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ruihong Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jing Qiao
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hongming Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Li Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hai Fang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Tong Yin
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Zhu Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qiang Tian
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Saijuan Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Jiang TT, Li JC. Review on the systems biology research of Yin-deficiency-heat syndrome in traditional Chinese medicine. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2023; 306:2939-2944. [PMID: 31909899 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a systematic medical method that has existed for more than 3,000 years. Unlike Western medicine, the disease diagnosis in TCM is carried out by inspection, auscultation, olfaction, interrogation, and palpation. The patient is then treated according to the disease and corresponding TCM syndrome. However, the development of Chinese medicine is stagnated, partially because it can be influenced by subjective factors, such as the experience and knowledge of TCM practitioners, and there is a lack of relevant biological research on TCM syndromes. Yin-deficiency-heat (YDH) syndrome in TCM is characterized by a series of pathological changes caused by the insufficiency of Yin-fluid, inability to moisturize, and the failure to suppress Yang. In recent years, systems biology research on TCM syndromes has gradually become the focus of TCM research, including syndrome differentiation and functional research using systems biology methodologies such as proteomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics. This journal aims to publish a series of issues on the systems biology research of TCM syndromes that can provide biological indicators for the syndrome differentiation of YDH syndrome and can provide perspectives on the biological research of YDH syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Jiang
- South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ji-Cheng Li
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, China
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5
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Zhang Q, Li H, Chen X, Gu F, Zhang L, Zhang L, Chen T, Chen Q, Meng W, Wu Y, Chang H, Liu T, Chen C, Ma H, Liu Y. Identifying STRN3-RARA as a new fusion gene for acute promyelocytic leukemia. Blood 2023; 142:1494-1499. [PMID: 37624915 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023020619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we report a new fusion gene, STRN3-RARA, in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). It cooperates with UTX deficiency to drive full-blown APL in mice. Although STRN3-RARA leukemia quickly relapses after all-trans retinoic acid treatment, it can be restrained by cepharanthine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - He Li
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuelan Chen
- Department of Hematology and Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fan Gu
- Department of Hematology and Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lanxin Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Sichuan Hua Xi Kindstar Medical Diagnostic Centre, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Sichuan Neo-Life Stem Cell Biotech Inc, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wentong Meng
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Chang
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chong Chen
- Department of Hematology and Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongbing Ma
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Hematology and Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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6
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Park MN. The Therapeutic Potential of a Strategy to Prevent Acute Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cell Reprogramming in Older Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12037. [PMID: 37569414 PMCID: PMC10418941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common and incurable leukemia subtype. Despite extensive research into the disease's intricate molecular mechanisms, effective treatments or expanded diagnostic or prognostic markers for AML have not yet been identified. The morphological, immunophenotypic, cytogenetic, biomolecular, and clinical characteristics of AML patients are extensive and complex. Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) consist of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and cancer cells transformed by a complex, finely-tuned interaction that causes the complexity of AML. Microenvironmental regulation of LSCs dormancy and the diagnostic and therapeutic implications for identifying and targeting LSCs due to their significance in the pathogenesis of AML are discussed in this review. It is essential to perceive the relationship between the niche for LSCs and HSCs, which together cause the progression of AML. Notably, methylation is a well-known epigenetic change that is significant in AML, and our data also reveal that microRNAs are a unique factor for LSCs. Multiple-targeted approaches to reduce the risk of epigenetic factors, such as the administration of natural compounds for the elimination of local LSCs, may prevent potentially fatal relapses. Furthermore, the survival analysis of overlapping genes revealed that specific targets had significant effects on the survival and prognosis of patients. We predict that the multiple-targeted effects of herbal products on epigenetic modification are governed by different mechanisms in AML and could prevent potentially fatal relapses. Thus, these strategies can facilitate the incorporation of herbal medicine and natural compounds into the advanced drug discovery and development processes achievable with Network Pharmacology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Nyeo Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 05253, Republic of Korea
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7
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Ong EZ, Yee JX, Ooi JSG, Syenina A, de Alwis R, Chen S, Sim JXY, Kalimuddin S, Leong YS, Chan YFZ, Sekulovich R, Sullivan BM, Lindert K, Sullivan SB, Chivukula P, Hughes SG, Low JG, Ooi EE, Chan KR. Immune gene expression analysis indicates the potential of a self-amplifying Covid-19 mRNA vaccine. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:154. [PMID: 36443317 PMCID: PMC9703414 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00573-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Remarkable potency has been demonstrated for mRNA vaccines in reducing the global burden of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. An alternative form of the mRNA vaccine is the self-amplifying mRNA (sa-mRNA) vaccine, which encodes an alphavirus replicase that self-amplifies the full-length mRNA and SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) transgene. However, early-phase clinical trials of sa-mRNA COVID-19 vaccine candidates have questioned the potential of this platform to develop potent vaccines. We examined the immune gene response to a candidate sa-mRNA vaccine against COVID-19, ARCT-021, and compared our findings to the host response to other forms of vaccines. In blood samples from healthy volunteers that participated in a phase I/II clinical trial, greater induction of transcripts involved in Toll-like receptor (TLR) signalling, antigen presentation and complement activation at 1 day post-vaccination was associated with higher anti-S antibody titers. Conversely, transcripts involved in T-cell maturation at day 7 post-vaccination informed the magnitude of eventual S-specific T-cell responses. The transcriptomic signature for ARCT-021 vaccination strongly correlated with live viral vector vaccines, adjuvanted vaccines and BNT162b2 1 day post-vaccination. Moreover, the ARCT-021 signature correlated with day 7 YF17D live-attenuated vaccine transcriptomic responses. Altogether, our findings show that sa-mRNA vaccination induces innate immune responses that are associated with the development of adaptive immunity from other forms of vaccines, supporting further development of this vaccine platform for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Z. Ong
- grid.428397.30000 0004 0385 0924Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.512024.00000 0004 8513 1236Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre at SingHealth-Duke-NUS (ViREMiCS), SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jia Xin Yee
- grid.428397.30000 0004 0385 0924Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.512024.00000 0004 8513 1236Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre at SingHealth-Duke-NUS (ViREMiCS), SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Justin S. G. Ooi
- grid.428397.30000 0004 0385 0924Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ayesa Syenina
- grid.428397.30000 0004 0385 0924Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.512024.00000 0004 8513 1236Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre at SingHealth-Duke-NUS (ViREMiCS), SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ruklanthi de Alwis
- grid.428397.30000 0004 0385 0924Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.512024.00000 0004 8513 1236Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre at SingHealth-Duke-NUS (ViREMiCS), SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shiwei Chen
- grid.428397.30000 0004 0385 0924Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jean X. Y. Sim
- grid.163555.10000 0000 9486 5048Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shirin Kalimuddin
- grid.163555.10000 0000 9486 5048Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yan Shan Leong
- grid.428397.30000 0004 0385 0924Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.512024.00000 0004 8513 1236Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre at SingHealth-Duke-NUS (ViREMiCS), SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yvonne F. Z. Chan
- grid.163555.10000 0000 9486 5048Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Kelly Lindert
- grid.508931.6Arcturus Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA USA
| | | | - Pad Chivukula
- grid.508931.6Arcturus Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA USA
| | | | - Jenny G. Low
- grid.428397.30000 0004 0385 0924Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.512024.00000 0004 8513 1236Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre at SingHealth-Duke-NUS (ViREMiCS), SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.163555.10000 0000 9486 5048Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eng Eong Ooi
- grid.428397.30000 0004 0385 0924Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.512024.00000 0004 8513 1236Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre at SingHealth-Duke-NUS (ViREMiCS), SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kuan Rong Chan
- grid.428397.30000 0004 0385 0924Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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8
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Zhang N, Liu X, Wu J, Li X, Wang Q, Chen G, Ma L, Wu S, Zhou F. Serum proteomics screening intercellular adhesion molecule-2 improves intermediate-risk stratification in acute myeloid leukemia. Ther Adv Hematol 2022; 13:20406207221132346. [PMID: 36324489 PMCID: PMC9619266 DOI: 10.1177/20406207221132346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The clinical risk classification of acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) is largely based on cytogenetic and molecular genetic detection. However, the optimal treatment for intermediate-risk AML patients remains uncertain. Further refinement and improvement of prognostic stratification are therefore necessary. Objectives The aim of this study was to identify serum protein biomarkers to refine risk stratification in AML patients. Design This study is a retrospective study. Methods Label-free proteomics was used to identify the differential abundance of serum proteins in AML patients. Transcriptomic data were combined to identify key altered markers that could indicate the risk rank of AML patients. The survival status was assessed by Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Results We delineated serum protein expression in a population of AML patients. Many biological processes were influenced by the identified differentially expressed proteins. Association analysis of transcriptome data showed that intercellular adhesion molecule-2 (ICAM2) had a higher survival prediction value in the intermediate-risk AML group. ICAM2 was detrimental for intermediate-risk AML, regardless of whether patients received bone marrow transplantation. ICAM2 well distinguishes the intermediate group of patients, whose probability of survival is comparable to that of patients with the ELN-2017 according to the reference classification. In addition, newly established stratified clinical features were associated with leukemia stem cell scores. Conclusion The inclusion of ICAM2 expression into the AML risk classification according to ELN-2017 was a good way to transfer patients from three to two groups. Thus, providing more information for clinical decision-making to improve intermediate-risk stratification in AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jinxian Wu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinqi Li
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guopeng Chen
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Linlu Ma
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sanyun Wu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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9
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Garg T, Weiss CR, Sheth RA. Techniques for Profiling the Cellular Immune Response and Their Implications for Interventional Oncology. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3628. [PMID: 35892890 PMCID: PMC9332307 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years there has been increased interest in using the immune contexture of the primary tumors to predict the patient's prognosis. The tumor microenvironment of patients with cancers consists of different types of lymphocytes, tumor-infiltrating leukocytes, dendritic cells, and others. Different technologies can be used for the evaluation of the tumor microenvironment, all of which require a tissue or cell sample. Image-guided tissue sampling is a cornerstone in the diagnosis, stratification, and longitudinal evaluation of therapeutic efficacy for cancer patients receiving immunotherapies. Therefore, interventional radiologists (IRs) play an essential role in the evaluation of patients treated with systemically administered immunotherapies. This review provides a detailed description of different technologies used for immune assessment and analysis of the data collected from the use of these technologies. The detailed approach provided herein is intended to provide the reader with the knowledge necessary to not only interpret studies containing such data but also design and apply these tools for clinical practice and future research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Garg
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (T.G.); (C.R.W.)
| | - Clifford R. Weiss
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (T.G.); (C.R.W.)
| | - Rahul A. Sheth
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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10
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Monibi FA, Pannellini T, Croen B, Otero M, Warren R, Rodeo SA. Targeted transcriptomic analyses of RNA isolated from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human menisci. J Orthop Res 2022; 40:1104-1112. [PMID: 34370349 PMCID: PMC8825887 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) biospecimens are a valuable and widely-available resource for diagnostic and research applications. With biobanks of tissue samples available in many institutions, FFPE tissues could prove to be a valuable resource for translational orthopaedic research. The purpose of this study was to characterize the molecular profiles and degree of histologic degeneration on archival fragments of FFPE human menisci obtained during arthroscopic partial meniscectomy. We used FFPE menisci for multiplexed gene expression analysis using the NanoString nCounter® platform, and for histological assessment using a quantitative scoring system. In total, 17 archival specimens were utilized for integrated histologic and molecular analyses. The median patient age was 22 years (range: 14-62). We found that the genes with the highest normalized counts were those typically expressed in meniscal fibrocartilage. Gene expression differences were identified in patient cohorts based on age (≤40 years), including genes associated with the extracellular matrix and tissue repair. The majority of samples showed mild to moderate histologic degeneration. Based on these data, we conclude that FFPE human menisci can be effectively utilized for molecular evaluation following a storage time as long as 11 years. Statement of Clinical Significance: The integration of histological and transcriptomic analyses described in this study will be useful for future studies investigating the basis for biological classification of meniscus specimens in patients. Further exploration into the genes and pathways uncovered by this study may suggest targets for biomarker discovery and identify patients at greater risk for osteoarthritis once the meniscus is torn.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brett Croen
- Hospital for Special Surgery, NY, NY,Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
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11
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Mintz R, Wang M, Xu S, Colditz GA, Markovic C, Toriola AT. Hormone and receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) pathway gene expression in plasma and mammographic breast density in postmenopausal women. Breast Cancer Res 2022; 24:28. [PMID: 35422057 PMCID: PMC9008951 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-022-01522-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hormones impact breast tissue proliferation. Studies investigating the associations of circulating hormone levels with mammographic breast density have reported conflicting results. Due to the limited number of studies, we investigated the associations of hormone gene expression as well as their downstream mediators within the plasma with mammographic breast density in postmenopausal women. Methods We recruited postmenopausal women at their annual screening mammogram at Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis. We used the NanoString nCounter platform to quantify gene expression of hormones (prolactin, progesterone receptor (PGR), estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT1 and STAT5), and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB (RANK) pathway markers (RANK, RANKL, osteoprotegerin, TNFRSF18, and TNFRSF13B) in plasma. We used Volpara to measure volumetric percent density, dense volume, and non-dense volume. Linear regression models, adjusted for confounders, were used to evaluate associations between gene expression (linear fold change) and mammographic breast density. Results One unit increase in ESR1, RANK, and TNFRSF18 gene expression was associated with 8% (95% CI 0–15%, p value = 0.05), 10% (95% CI 0–20%, p value = 0.04) and % (95% CI 0–9%, p value = 0.04) higher volumetric percent density, respectively. There were no associations between gene expression of other markers and volumetric percent density. One unit increase in osteoprotegerin and PGR gene expression was associated with 12% (95% CI 4–19%, p value = 0.003) and 7% (95% CI 0–13%, p value = 0.04) lower non-dense volume, respectively. Conclusion These findings provide new insight on the associations of plasma hormonal and RANK pathway gene expression with mammographic breast density in postmenopausal women and require confirmation in other studies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13058-022-01522-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Mintz
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Mei Wang
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8100, 660 South Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Shuai Xu
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8100, 660 South Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Graham A Colditz
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8100, 660 South Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Siteman Cancer Center, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chris Markovic
- McDonnell Genome Institute at Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63018, USA
| | - Adetunji T Toriola
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8100, 660 South Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA. .,Siteman Cancer Center, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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12
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Wagner MJ, Zhang Y, Cranmer LD, Loggers ET, Black G, McDonnell S, Maxwell S, Johnson R, Moore R, Hermida de Viveiros P, Aicher L, Smythe KS, He Q, Jones RL, Pollack SM. A Phase 1/2 Trial Combining Avelumab and Trabectedin for Advanced Liposarcoma and Leiomyosarcoma. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:2306-2312. [PMID: 35349638 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) and liposarcoma (LPS) frequently express PD-L1 but are generally resistant to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition (ICI). Trabectedin is FDA-approved for LMS and LPS. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of trabectedin with anti-PD-L1 antibody avelumab in patients with advanced LMS and LPS. PATIENTS AND METHODS A single-arm, open-label, Phase 1/2 study tested avelumab with trabectedin for advanced LMS and LPS. The phase I portion evaluated safety and feasibility of trabectedin (1, 1.2 and 1.5 mg/m2) with avelumab at standard dosing. Primary endpoint of the phase II portion was objective response rate (ORR) by RECIST 1.1. Correlative studies included T-cell receptor sequencing (TCRseq), multiplex immunohistochemistry, and tumor gene expression. RESULTS 33 patients were evaluable; 24 with LMS (6 uterine and 18 non-uterine) and 11 with LPS. In Phase 1, dose limiting toxicities (DLTs) were observed in 2 of 6 patients at both trabectedin 1.2 and 1.5 mg/m2. The recommended Phase 2 dose (RP2D) was 1.0 mg/m2 trabectedin and 800 mg avelumab. Of 23 patients evaluable at RP2D, three (13%) had partial response (PR), ten (43%) had stable disease (SD) as best response. 6-month PFS was 52%; median PFS was 8.3 months. Patients with PR had higher Simpson Clonality score on TCRseq from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) versus those with SD (0.182 vs 0.067, p = 0.02) or PD (0.182 vs 0.064, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Although the trial did not meet the primary ORR endpoint, PFS compared favorably to prior studies of trabectedin warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuzheng Zhang
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States
| | - Lee D Cranmer
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | - Graeme Black
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Sabrina McDonnell
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | | | - Rylee Johnson
- Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, United States
| | - Roxanne Moore
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | - Lauri Aicher
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Kimberly S Smythe
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Qianchuan He
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Robin L Jones
- Royal Marsden Hospital / Institute of Cancer Research, London, Chelsea, United Kingdom
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13
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Immunologic Gene Signature Analysis Correlates Myeloid Cells and M2 Macrophages with Time to Trabectedin Failure in Sarcoma Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051290. [PMID: 35267598 PMCID: PMC8909887 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with metastatic soft tissue sarcoma (STS) have a poor prognosis and few available systemic treatment options. Trabectedin is currently being investigated as a potential adjunct to immunotherapy as it has been previously shown to kill tumor-associated macrophages. In this retrospective study, we sought to identify biomarkers that would be relevant to trials combining trabectedin with immunotherapy. We performed a single-center retrospective study of sarcoma patients treated with trabectedin with long-term follow-up. Multiplex gene expression analysis using the NanoString platform was assessed, and an exploratory analysis using the lasso-penalized Cox regression and kernel association test for survival (MiRKAT-S) methods investigated tumor-associated immune cells and correlated their gene signatures to patient survival. In total, 147 sarcoma patients treated with trabectedin were analyzed, with a mean follow-up time of 5 years. Patients with fewer prior chemotherapy regimens were more likely to stay on trabectedin longer (pairwise correlation = -0.17, p = 0.04). At 5 years, increased PD-L1 expression corresponded to worse outcomes (HR = 1.87, p = 0.04, q = 0.199). Additionally, six immunologic gene signatures were associated with up to 7-year survival by MiRKAT-S, notably myeloid-derived suppressor cells (p = 0.023, q = 0.058) and M2 macrophages (p = 0.03, q = 0.058). We found that the number of chemotherapy regimens prior to trabectedin negatively correlated with the number of trabectedin cycles received, suggesting that patients may benefit from receiving trabectedin earlier in their therapy course. The correlation of trabectedin outcomes with immune cell infiltrates supports the hypothesis that trabectedin may function as an immune modulator and supports ongoing efforts to study trabectedin in combination with immunotherapy. Furthermore, tumors with an immunosuppressive microenvironment characterized by macrophage infiltration and high PD-L1 expression were less likely to benefit from trabectedin, which could guide clinicians in future treatment decisions.
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14
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Torque teno mini virus as a cause of childhood acute promyelocytic leukemia lacking PML/RARA fusion. Blood 2021; 138:1773-1777. [PMID: 34432867 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021011677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Astolf et al provide the first report of acute promyelocytic leukemia driven by viral insertion into the RARA locus. This represents a clear demonstration of a pathology driven by the member of the anelloviruses, a group of viruses otherwise thought to have minimal or no pathogenic potential.
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15
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Vadakekolathu J, Minden MD, Hood T, Church SE, Reeder S, Altmann H, Sullivan AH, Viboch EJ, Patel T, Ibrahimova N, Warren SE, Arruda A, Liang Y, Smith TH, Foulds GA, Bailey MD, Gowen-MacDonald J, Muth J, Schmitz M, Cesano A, Pockley AG, Valk PJM, Löwenberg B, Bornhäuser M, Tasian SK, Rettig MP, Davidson-Moncada JK, DiPersio JF, Rutella S. Immune landscapes predict chemotherapy resistance and immunotherapy response in acute myeloid leukemia. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/546/eaaz0463. [PMID: 32493790 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz0463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a molecularly and clinically heterogeneous hematological malignancy. Although immunotherapy may be an attractive modality to exploit in patients with AML, the ability to predict the groups of patients and the types of cancer that will respond to immune targeting remains limited. This study dissected the complexity of the immune architecture of AML at high resolution and assessed its influence on therapeutic response. Using 442 primary bone marrow samples from three independent cohorts of children and adults with AML, we defined immune-infiltrated and immune-depleted disease classes and revealed critical differences in immune gene expression across age groups and molecular disease subtypes. Interferon (IFN)-γ-related mRNA profiles were predictive for both chemotherapy resistance and response of primary refractory/relapsed AML to flotetuzumab immunotherapy. Our compendium of microenvironmental gene and protein profiles provides insights into the immuno-biology of AML and could inform the delivery of personalized immunotherapies to IFN-γ-dominant AML subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark D Minden
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Tressa Hood
- NanoString Technologies Inc., Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Stephen Reeder
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Heidi Altmann
- Department of Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Tasleema Patel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Oncology and Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, PA 19104, USA
| | - Narmin Ibrahimova
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | | | - Andrea Arruda
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Yan Liang
- NanoString Technologies Inc., Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Gemma A Foulds
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | | | | | - John Muth
- MacroGenics Inc., Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Marc Schmitz
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - A Graham Pockley
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK.,Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease (CHAUD), Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Peter J M Valk
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, 3000CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bob Löwenberg
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, 3000CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martin Bornhäuser
- Department of Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, 01307 Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah K Tasian
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Oncology and Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael P Rettig
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - John F DiPersio
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sergio Rutella
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK. .,Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease (CHAUD), Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
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16
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Hola MAM, Ali MAM, ElNahass Y, Salem TAE, Mohamed MR. Expression and prognostic relevance of long noncoding RNAs CRNDE and AOX2P in adult acute myeloid leukemia. Int J Lab Hematol 2021; 43:732-742. [PMID: 34129278 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been demonstrated to play a critical role in the tumorigenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and altered expression of certain lncRNAs has been recognized as a potential prognostic marker in AML patients. Here, we sought to determine whether the expression of the lncRNA colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed (CRNDE) and aldehyde oxidase 2 pseudogene (AOX2P) is associated with clinicopathological features and clinical outcome of patients with AML. METHODS CRNDE and AOX2P expression levels were measured in diagnostic blood samples from 200 adult patients with de novo AML, along with 50 healthy control blood samples, using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The association of CRNDE and AOX2P expression with the clinicopathological characteristics and outcome of AML patients was analyzed. RESULTS Upregulated CRNDE expression was independently associated with lower complete remission (CR) rates in the whole cohort of AML (P < .001). AOX2P overexpression was identified as an independent adverse prognostic marker for CR in the CN-AML (P = .009) and non-t (15;17) AML (P < .001) subgroups. Patients with high CRNDE expression had a significantly shorter event-free survival (EFS, whole cohort of AML: P = .017; CN-AML: P = .001; non-t (15;17) AML: P = .006) and inferior overall survival (OS, whole cohort of AML: P = .002; t(15;17) AML: P = .001) than those with low CRNDE expression. EFS and OS did not differ significantly between patients with high AOX2P expression and those with low expression. CONCLUSION Aberrantly upregulated CRNDE expression and, to a lesser extent, AOX2P overexpression, are associated with poor prognosis in AML patients, suggesting that the determination of CRNDE and, perhaps, AOX2P, expression level at diagnosis provides valuable prognostic information, allows refinement of risk stratification, and helps clinical decision-making in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona A M Hola
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Nasser Institute for Research and Treatment, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A M Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasser ElNahass
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tarek A E Salem
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, Sadat City University, Menofia, Egypt.,Department of Pathology, Biochemistry Unit, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed R Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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17
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Mou T, Pawitan Y, Stahl M, Vesterlund M, Deng W, Jafari R, Bohlin A, Österroos A, Siavelis L, Bäckvall H, Erkers T, Kiviluoto S, Seashore‐Ludlow B, Östling P, Orre LM, Kallioniemi O, Lehmann S, Lehtiö J, Vu TN. The transcriptome-wide landscape of molecular subtype-specific mRNA expression profiles in acute myeloid leukemia. Am J Hematol 2021; 96:580-588. [PMID: 33625756 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Molecular classification of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) aids prognostic stratification and clinical management. Our aim in this study is to identify transcriptome-wide mRNAs that are specific to each of the molecular subtypes of AML. We analyzed RNA-sequencing data of 955 AML samples from three cohorts, including the BeatAML project, the Cancer Genome Atlas, and a cohort of Swedish patients to provide a comprehensive transcriptome-wide view of subtype-specific mRNA expression. We identified 729 subtype-specific mRNAs, discovered in the BeatAML project and validated in the other two cohorts. Using unique proteomics data, we also validated the presence of subtype-specific mRNAs at the protein level, yielding a rich collection of potential protein-based biomarkers for the AML community. To enable the exploration of subtype-specific mRNA expression by the broader scientific community, we provide an interactive resource to the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Mou
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- School of Biomedical Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China
| | - Yudi Pawitan
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Matthias Stahl
- Department of Oncology Pathology Karolinska Institutet, Science for Life Laboratory Stockholm Sweden
| | - Mattias Vesterlund
- Department of Oncology Pathology Karolinska Institutet, Science for Life Laboratory Stockholm Sweden
| | - Wenjiang Deng
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Rozbeh Jafari
- Department of Oncology Pathology Karolinska Institutet, Science for Life Laboratory Stockholm Sweden
| | - Anna Bohlin
- Department of Medicine Huddinge Karolinska Institutet, Unit for Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Stockholm Sweden
| | - Albin Österroos
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Hematology Uppsala University Hospital Uppsala Sweden
| | - Loannis Siavelis
- Department of Oncology Pathology Karolinska Institutet, Science for Life Laboratory Stockholm Sweden
| | - Helena Bäckvall
- Department of Oncology Pathology Karolinska Institutet, Science for Life Laboratory Stockholm Sweden
| | - Tom Erkers
- Department of Oncology Pathology Karolinska Institutet, Science for Life Laboratory Stockholm Sweden
| | - Santeri Kiviluoto
- Department of Oncology Pathology Karolinska Institutet, Science for Life Laboratory Stockholm Sweden
| | - Brinton Seashore‐Ludlow
- Department of Oncology Pathology Karolinska Institutet, Science for Life Laboratory Stockholm Sweden
| | - Päivi Östling
- Department of Oncology Pathology Karolinska Institutet, Science for Life Laboratory Stockholm Sweden
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Lukas M. Orre
- Department of Oncology Pathology Karolinska Institutet, Science for Life Laboratory Stockholm Sweden
| | - Olli Kallioniemi
- Department of Oncology Pathology Karolinska Institutet, Science for Life Laboratory Stockholm Sweden
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Sören Lehmann
- Department of Medicine Huddinge Karolinska Institutet, Unit for Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Hematology Uppsala University Hospital Uppsala Sweden
| | - Janne Lehtiö
- Department of Oncology Pathology Karolinska Institutet, Science for Life Laboratory Stockholm Sweden
| | - Trung Nghia Vu
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
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18
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MLL5 improves ATRA driven differentiation and promotes xenotransplant engraftment in acute promyelocytic leukemia model. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:371. [PMID: 33824267 PMCID: PMC8024355 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03604-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Although the mixed lineage leukemia 5 (MLL5) gene has prognostic implications in acute promyelocyte leukemia (APL), the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. Here, we demonstrate the critical role exerted by MLL5 in APL regarding cell proliferation and resistance to drug-induced apoptosis, through mtROS regulation. Additionally, MLL5 overexpression increased the responsiveness of APL leukemic cells to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-induced differentiation, via regulation of the epigenetic modifiers SETD7 and LSD1. In silico analysis indicated that APL blasts with MLL5high transcript levels were associated with retinoic acid binding and downstream signaling, while MLL5low blasts displayed decreased expression of epigenetic modifiers (such as KMT2C, PHF8 and ARID4A). Finally, APL xenograft transplants demonstrated improved engraftment of MLL5-expressing cells and increased myeloid differentiation over time. Concordantly, evaluation of engrafted blasts revealed increased responsiveness of MLL5-expressing cells to ATRA-induced granulocytic differentiation. Together, we describe the epigenetic changes triggered by the interaction of MLL5 and ATRA resulting in enhanced granulocytic differentiation.
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19
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Tan Y, Wang X, Song H, Zhang Y, Zhang R, Li S, Jin W, Chen S, Fang H, Chen Z, Wang K. A PML/RARα direct target atlas redefines transcriptional deregulation in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Blood 2021; 137:1503-1516. [PMID: 32854112 PMCID: PMC7976511 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020005698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional deregulation initiated by oncogenic fusion proteins plays a vital role in leukemia. The prevailing view is that the oncogenic fusion protein promyelocytic leukemia/retinoic acid receptor-α (PML/RARα), generated by the chromosome translocation t(15;17), functions as a transcriptional repressor in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Here, we provide rich evidence of how PML/RARα drives oncogenesis through both repressive and activating functions, particularly the importance of the newly identified activation role for the leukemogenesis of APL. The activating function of PML/RARα is achieved by recruiting both abundant P300 and HDAC1 and by the formation of super-enhancers. All-trans retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide, 2 widely used drugs in APL therapy, exert synergistic effects on controlling super-enhancer-associated PML/RARα-regulated targets in APL cells. We use a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments to demonstrate that PML/RARα-activated target gene GFI1 is necessary for the maintenance of APL cells and that PML/RARα, likely oligomerized, transactivates GFI1 through chromatin conformation at the super-enhancer region. Finally, we profile GFI1 targets and reveal the interplay between GFI1 and PML/RARα on chromatin in coregulating target genes. Our study provides genomic insight into the dual role of fusion transcription factors in transcriptional deregulation to drive leukemia development, highlighting the importance of globally dissecting regulatory circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Tan
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Huan Song
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongsheng Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Shufen Li
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Jin
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Saijuan Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Fang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kankan Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; and
- Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Jiang M, Wang Q, Yu G, Wan J, Liu S, Zhang Z, Le A. Clinical significance of long noncoding RNA maternally expressed gene 3 in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Int J Lab Hematol 2020; 43:693-698. [PMID: 33372415 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Long noncoding RNA maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) expression was significantly decreased in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, its expression and clinical significance in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) remain unclear. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the expression of MEG3 in APL and explore its clinical value. METHODS A total of 287 AML patients derived from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Vizome database were enrolled. A development and validation cohort, including APL, AML with AML1/ETO, and other types of AML patients and disease controls, from the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, were also enrolled in this study. The correlation between MEG3 expression and the clinicopathological features in APL was investigated. The diagnostic values of MEG3 expression in APL were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULT In the development set, MEG3 expression was significantly increased in APL than AML with AML1/ETO, other types of AML, and disease controls, which was consistent with the results from the database analysis. MEG3 expression in APL was associated with age (P = .0053) but did not correlate with other clinicopathological features (P > .05). ROC curve analysis in the development set and diagnostic test analysis in the validation set suggested that MEG3 expression has a significant value in the diagnosis of APL. Furthermore, the expression of MEG3 decreased during the follow-up of patients with negative PML/RARα fusion gene. CONCLUSION MEG3 serves as a novel marker for the diagnosis of APL, evaluates the curative effect, and provides a novel direction for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University
| | | | | | - Jinghua Wan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University
| | - Shuyuan Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University
| | - Zhanglin Zhang
- Department of Transfusion, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University
| | - Aiping Le
- Department of Transfusion, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University
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21
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Oncogenic role of lncRNA CRNDE in acute promyelocytic leukemia and NPM1-mutant acute myeloid leukemia. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:121. [PMID: 33298855 PMCID: PMC7658230 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-00359-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The PML/RARα fusion protein acts in concert with cooperative genetic events in the development of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). However, oncogenic long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) cooperating with PML/RARα remain under-explored. Here, we first identified a set of pathogenesis-related lncRNAs, aberrantly expressed in APL using RNA-seq data from a large cohort of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and normal counterparts. Among the pathogenesis-related lncRNAs, one of the evolutionarily conservative lncRNAs CRNDE (Colorectal Neoplasia Differentially Expressed) drew our attention. We found that CRNDE was highly expressed in the disease state but not in the preleukemic stage of APL, suggesting that CRNDE might be a secondary event coordinating with PML/RARα to promote APL development. Functional analysis showed that CRNDE knockdown induced differentiation and inhibited proliferation of APL cells, and prolonged survival of APL mice. Further mechanistic studies showed that CRNDE elicited its oncogenic effects through binding the miR-181 family and thereby regulating NOTCH2. Finally, we found that high CRNDE expression was also significantly correlated with NPM1 mutations and contributed to the differentiation block in NPM1-mutant AML. Collectively, our findings shed light on the importance of oncogenic lncRNAs in the development of AML and provide a promising target for AML therapy.
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22
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Mengel M, Loupy A, Haas M, Roufosse C, Naesens M, Akalin E, Clahsen‐van Groningen MC, Dagobert J, Demetris AJ, Duong van Huyen J, Gueguen J, Issa F, Robin B, Rosales I, Von der Thüsen JH, Sanchez‐Fueyo A, Smith RN, Wood K, Adam B, Colvin RB. Banff 2019 Meeting Report: Molecular diagnostics in solid organ transplantation-Consensus for the Banff Human Organ Transplant (B-HOT) gene panel and open source multicenter validation. Am J Transplant 2020; 20:2305-2317. [PMID: 32428337 PMCID: PMC7496585 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This meeting report from the XV Banff conference describes the creation of a multiorgan transplant gene panel by the Banff Molecular Diagnostics Working Group (MDWG). This Banff Human Organ Transplant (B-HOT) panel is the culmination of previous work by the MDWG to identify a broadly useful gene panel based on whole transcriptome technology. A data-driven process distilled a gene list from peer-reviewed comprehensive microarray studies that discovered and validated their use in kidney, liver, heart, and lung transplant biopsies. These were supplemented by genes that define relevant cellular pathways and cell types plus 12 reference genes used for normalization. The 770 gene B-HOT panel includes the most pertinent genes related to rejection, tolerance, viral infections, and innate and adaptive immune responses. This commercially available panel uses the NanoString platform, which can quantitate transcripts from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples. The B-HOT panel will facilitate multicenter collaborative clinical research using archival samples and permit the development of an open source large database of standardized analyses, thereby expediting clinical validation studies. The MDWG believes that a pathogenesis and pathway based molecular approach will be valuable for investigators and promote therapeutic decision-making and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mengel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
| | - Alexandre Loupy
- Paris Translational Research Center for Organ TransplantationINSERM U970 and Necker HospitalUniversity of ParisParisFrance
| | - Mark Haas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Candice Roufosse
- Department of Immunology and InflammationImperial College London and North West London PathologyLondonUK
| | - Maarten Naesens
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and TransplantationKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium,Department of NephrologyUniversity Hospitals LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Enver Akalin
- Montefiore‐Einstein Center for TransplantationMontefiore Medical CenterBronxNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Jessy Dagobert
- Paris Translational Research Center for Organ TransplantationINSERM U970 and Necker HospitalUniversity of ParisParisFrance
| | - Anthony J. Demetris
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterMontefiore, PittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Jean‐Paul Duong van Huyen
- Paris Translational Research Center for Organ TransplantationINSERM U970 and Necker HospitalUniversity of ParisParisFrance
| | - Juliette Gueguen
- Paris Translational Research Center for Organ TransplantationINSERM U970 and Necker HospitalUniversity of ParisParisFrance
| | - Fadi Issa
- Nuffield Department of Surgical SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Blaise Robin
- Paris Translational Research Center for Organ TransplantationINSERM U970 and Necker HospitalUniversity of ParisParisFrance
| | - Ivy Rosales
- Department of PathologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | | | - Rex N. Smith
- Department of PathologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Kathryn Wood
- Nuffield Department of Surgical SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Benjamin Adam
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
| | - Robert B. Colvin
- Department of PathologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
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23
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Zhao L, Lee VHF, Ng MK, Yan H, Bijlsma MF. Molecular subtyping of cancer: current status and moving toward clinical applications. Brief Bioinform 2020; 20:572-584. [PMID: 29659698 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bby026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a collection of genetic diseases, with large phenotypic differences and genetic heterogeneity between different types of cancers and even within the same cancer type. Recent advances in genome-wide profiling provide an opportunity to investigate global molecular changes during the development and progression of cancer. Meanwhile, numerous statistical and machine learning algorithms have been designed for the processing and interpretation of high-throughput molecular data. Molecular subtyping studies have allowed the allocation of cancer into homogeneous groups that are considered to harbor similar molecular and clinical characteristics. Furthermore, this has helped researchers to identify both actionable targets for drug design as well as biomarkers for response prediction. In this review, we introduce five frequently applied techniques for generating molecular data, which are microarray, RNA sequencing, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, NanoString and tissue microarray. Commonly used molecular data for cancer subtyping and clinical applications are discussed. Next, we summarize a workflow for molecular subtyping of cancer, including data preprocessing, cluster analysis, supervised classification and subtype characterizations. Finally, we identify and describe four major challenges in the molecular subtyping of cancer that may preclude clinical implementation. We suggest that standardized methods should be established to help identify intrinsic subgroup signatures and build robust classifiers that pave the way toward stratified treatment of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhao
- Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Victor H F Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Michael K Ng
- Centre for Mathematical Imaging and Vision and Department of Mathematics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Hong Yan
- Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Maarten F Bijlsma
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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24
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Yu YH, Xin F, Dong L, Ge L, Zhai CY, Shen XL. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis identifies critical genes in different subtypes of acute myeloid leukaemia. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2020.1811767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hui Yu
- Department of Hematology, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Fei Xin
- Department of Hematology, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Lu Dong
- Department of Hematology, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Li Ge
- Department of Hematology, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Chun-Yan Zhai
- Department of Hematology, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Xu-Liang Shen
- Department of Hematology, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, PR China
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26
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Pillai-Kastoori L, Heaton S, Shiflett SD, Roberts AC, Solache A, Schutz-Geschwender AR. Antibody validation for Western blot: By the user, for the user. J Biol Chem 2019; 295:926-939. [PMID: 31819006 PMCID: PMC6983856 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Well-characterized antibody reagents play a key role in the reproducibility of research findings, and inconsistent antibody performance leads to variability in Western blotting and other immunoassays. The current lack of clear, accepted standards for antibody validation and reporting of experimental details contributes to this problem. Because the performance of primary antibodies is strongly influenced by assay context, recommendations for validation and usage are unique to each type of immunoassay. Practical strategies are proposed for the validation of primary antibody specificity, selectivity, and reproducibility using Western blot analysis. The antibody should produce reproducible results within and between Western blotting experiments and the observed effect confirmed with a complementary or orthogonal method. Routine implementation of standardized antibody validation and reporting in immunoassays such as Western blotting may promote improved reproducibility across the global life sciences community.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sam Heaton
- Abcam Plc, Discovery Drive, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0AX, United Kingdom
| | | | - Annabelle C Roberts
- Abcam Plc, Discovery Drive, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0AX, United Kingdom
| | - Alejandra Solache
- Abcam Plc, Discovery Drive, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0AX, United Kingdom
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27
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Not Only Mutations Matter: Molecular Picture of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Emerging from Transcriptome Studies. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:7239206. [PMID: 31467542 PMCID: PMC6699387 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7239206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The last two decades of genome-scale research revealed a complex molecular picture of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). On the one hand, a number of mutations were discovered and associated with AML diagnosis and prognosis; some of them were introduced into diagnostic tests. On the other hand, transcriptome studies, which preceded AML exome and genome sequencing, remained poorly translated into clinics. Nevertheless, gene expression studies significantly contributed to the elucidation of AML pathogenesis and indicated potential therapeutic directions. The power of transcriptomic approach lies in its comprehensiveness; we can observe how genome manifests its function in a particular type of cells and follow many genes in one test. Moreover, gene expression measurement can be combined with mutation detection, as high-impact mutations are often present in transcripts. This review sums up 20 years of transcriptome research devoted to AML. Gene expression profiling (GEP) revealed signatures distinctive for selected AML subtypes and uncovered the additional within-subtype heterogeneity. The results were particularly valuable in the case of AML with normal karyotype which concerns up to 50% of AML cases. With the use of GEP, new classes of the disease were identified and prognostic predictors were proposed. A plenty of genes were detected as overexpressed in AML when compared to healthy control, including KIT, BAALC, ERG, MN1, CDX2, WT1, PRAME, and HOX genes. High expression of these genes constitutes usually an unfavorable prognostic factor. Upregulation of FLT3 and NPM1 genes, independent on their mutation status, was also reported in AML and correlated with poor outcome. However, transcriptome is not limited to the protein-coding genes; other types of RNA molecules exist in a cell and regulate genome function. It was shown that microRNA (miRNA) profiles differentiated AML groups and predicted outcome not worse than protein-coding gene profiles. For example, upregulation of miR-10a, miR-10b, and miR-196b and downregulation of miR-192 were found as typical of AML with NPM1 mutation whereas overexpression of miR-155 was associated with FLT3-internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD). Development of high-throughput technologies and microarray replacement by next generation sequencing (RNA-seq) enabled uncovering a real variety of leukemic cell transcriptomes, reflected by gene fusions, chimeric RNAs, alternatively spliced transcripts, miRNAs, piRNAs, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and their special type, circular RNAs. Many of them can be considered as AML biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. The relations between particular RNA puzzles and other components of leukemic cells and their microenvironment, such as exosomes, are now under investigation. Hopefully, the results of this research will shed the light on these aspects of AML pathogenesis which are still not completely understood.
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28
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Shi M, Xu G. Development and validation of GMI signature based random survival forest prognosis model to predict clinical outcome in acute myeloid leukemia. BMC Med Genomics 2019; 12:90. [PMID: 31242922 PMCID: PMC6595612 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-019-0540-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a disease with marked molecular heterogeneity and a high early death rate. Our aim was to investigate an integrated Gene expression, Mirna and miRNA-mRNA Interactions (GMI) signature for improving risk stratification of AML. Methods We identified differentially expressed genes by pooling a large number of 861 human AML patients and 75 normal cases. We then used miRWalk to identify the functional miRNA-mRNA regulatory module. The GMI signature based random survival forest (RSF) prognosis model was developed from training data set and evaluated in independent patient cohorts from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset (N = 147). Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were applied to evaluate the prognostic value of GMI signature. Results We identified 139 differentially expressed genes between normal and abnormal AML samples. We discovered the functional miRNA-mRNA regulatory module which participate in the network of cancer progression. We named 23 differentially expressed genes and 16 validated target miRNAs as the GMI signature. The RSF model-based scores separated independent patient cohorts into two groups with significantly different overall survival (C-index = 0.59, hazard ratio [HR], 2.12; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11–4.03; p = 0.019). Similar results were obtained with reversed training and testing datasets (C-index = 0.58, hazard ratio [HR], 2.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–4.24; p = 0.038). The GMI signature score contributed more information about recurrence than standard clinical covariates. Conclusion The GMI signature based RSF prognosis model not only reflects regulatory relationships from identified miRNA-mRNA module but also informs patient prognosis. While in the TCGA data set the GMI signature score contributed additional information about recurrence in comparison to standard clinical covariates, further studies are needed to determine its clinical significance. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12920-019-0540-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingguang Shi
- School of Electric Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China.
| | - Guofu Xu
- School of Electric Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China
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29
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Overexpressed long noncoding RNA CRNDE with distinct alternatively spliced isoforms in multiple cancers. Front Med 2019; 13:330-343. [DOI: 10.1007/s11684-017-0557-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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30
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Svaren J, Moran JJ, Wu X, Zuccarino R, Bacon C, Bai Y, Ramesh R, Gutmann L, Anderson DM, Pavelec D, Shy ME. Schwann cell transcript biomarkers for hereditary neuropathy skin biopsies. Ann Neurol 2019; 85:887-898. [PMID: 30945774 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is most commonly caused by duplication of a chromosomal segment surrounding Peripheral Myelin Protein 22, or PMP22 gene, which is classified as CMT1A. Several candidate therapies reduce Pmp22 mRNA levels in CMT1A rodent models, but development of biomarkers for clinical trials in CMT1A is a challenge given its slow progression and difficulty in obtaining nerve samples. Quantitative PCR measurements of PMP22 mRNA in dermal nerves were performed using skin biopsies in human clinical trials for CMT1A, but this approach did not show increased PMP22 mRNA in CMT1A patients compared to controls. One complicating factor is the variable amounts of Schwann cells (SCs) in skin. The objective of the study was to develop a novel method for precise evaluation of PMP22 levels in skin biopsies that can discriminate CMT1A patients from controls. METHODS We have developed methods to normalize PMP22 transcript levels to SC-specific genes that are not altered by CMT1A status. Several CMT1A-associated genes were assembled into a custom Nanostring panel to enable precise transcript measurements that can be normalized to variable SC content. RESULTS The digital expression data from Nanostring analysis showed reproducible elevation of PMP22 levels in CMT1A versus control skin biopsies, particularly after normalization to SC-specific genes. INTERPRETATION This platform should be useful in clinical trials for CMT1A as a biomarker of target engagement that can be used to optimize dosing, and the same normalization framework is applicable to other types of CMT. ANN NEUROL 2019;85:887-898.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Svaren
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.,Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - John J Moran
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Xingyao Wu
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Riccardo Zuccarino
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA.,Neuromuscular Omnicentre (NEMO)-Fondazione Serena Onlus, Arenzano, Italy
| | - Chelsea Bacon
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Yunhong Bai
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Raghu Ramesh
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Laurie Gutmann
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Daniel M Anderson
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Derek Pavelec
- Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Michael E Shy
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
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Wang G, Tian Y, Hu Q, Xiao X, Chen S. PML/RARa blocks the differentiation and promotes the proliferation of acute promyelocytic leukemia through activating MYB expression by transcriptional and epigenetic regulation mechanisms. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:1210-1220. [PMID: 30335887 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The promyelocytic leukemia (PML)/retinoic acid receptor-alpha (RARα) onco-fusion protein that is generated from t(15;17) chromosome translocation is crucial for the leukemogenesis of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and is well documented as a transcriptional repressor. To understand the relationship between PML/RARα and the oncogene in the development of APL, we investigate the regulation mechanism of PML/RARα to MYB proto-oncogene and the role of this regulation on the proliferation and differentiation of APL cells. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assays show that MYB expression was significantly higher in PML/RARα positive cell lines. Microarray data verify that the MYB expression was significantly higher in APL patient samples than in normal promyelocyte samples. Further expression analysis from RT-qPCR and microarray data verifies that the expression of MYB is upregulated by PML/RARα. Transcriptional factor binding analysis shows that MYB is directly bound by PML/RARα and its cofactors. Luciferase assays show that PML/RARα transactivated MYB promoter activity through the RARα binding site and the coexistence of CCAAT enhancer binding protein ε. We also find that PML/RARα increases the acetylation level of the promoter region of MYB. Further evidence demonstrates that PML/RARα regulates MYB expression through long-range interaction. Functionally, PML/RARα increases the cell proliferation and blocks the differentiation through activating MYB expression. Collectively, this study uncovers a novel mechanism of PML/RARα-mediated transcriptional activation and enriches our knowledge of the onco-fusion protein-mediated transcription activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genjie Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Shangqiu, Shangqiu, China
| | - Ying Tian
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Shangqiu, Shangqiu, China
| | - Qingzhu Hu
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Shangqiu, Shangqiu, China
| | - Xichun Xiao
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Shangqiu, Shangqiu, China
| | - Shuxia Chen
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Shangqiu, Shangqiu, China
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ACTL6A interacts with p53 in acute promyelocytic leukemia cell lines to affect differentiation via the Sox2/Notch1 signaling pathway. Cell Signal 2018; 53:390-399. [PMID: 30448346 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Actin-like 6A (ACTL6A), a component of BAF chromatin remodeling complexes, is important for cell differentiation. Nevertheless, its role and mechanism in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) has not been reported. To identify the genes that may participate in the development of APL, we analyzed data from an APL cDNA microarray (GSE12662) in the NCBI database, and found that ACTL6A was up-regulated in APL patients. Subsequently, we investigated the function and mechanisms of ACTL6A in myeloid cell development. The expression of ACTL6A was gradually decreased during granulocytic differentiation in all-trans retinoic acid-treated NB4 and HL-60 cells, and phorbol myristate acetate-treated HL-60 cells. We also found that knockdown of ACTL6A promoted differentiation in NB4 and HL-60 cells, and decreased the levels of Sox2 and Notch1. Mechanistically, ACTL6A interacted with and was co-localized with Sox2 and p53. Meanwhile, CBL0137, an activator of p53, decreased the expression of ACTL6A and promoted differentiation in NB4 and HL-60 cells. These findings suggest that the inhibition of ACTL6A promotes differentiation via the Sox2 and Notch1 signaling pathways. Furthermore, the differentiation promoted by inhibiting ACTL6A could be regulated by p53 via its physical interaction with ACTL6A.
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Identification of New Biomarkers Associated With IDH Mutation and Prognosis in Astrocytic Tumors Using NanoString nCounter Analysis System. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2018; 26:101-107. [PMID: 27258564 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations have been reported as biomarkers associated with tumorigenesis and prognosis in gliomas. However, genes affected by these mutations are still under investigation. The purpose of this study is to identify new molecular biomarkers associated with IDH mutation and prognosis in astrocytic tumors, which account for the largest proportion of gliomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS NanoString analysis was conducted on 40 astrocytic tumors. In total, 69 genes and 6 fusion genes were selected for screening. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry were used to validate the selected discriminatory genes. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and log-rank test were used to analyze the overall survival and progression-free survival. RESULTS mRNA levels of NTRK3, ERCC1, JAK2, AXL, BCL2, ESR1, HSP90AB1, TUBB3, RET, and ABCG2 were elevated in the IDH mutant group, whereas levels of POSTN and ERBB2 were elevated in the IDH wild-type group. Genes more highly expressed in the better prognosis group included NTRK3, ERCC1, ROS1, ERBB4, BCL2, CDKN2A, AXL, PI3KCA, HSP90AB1, ABCG2, JAK2, and RET. In the worse prognosis group, TIMP1, POSTN, and ERBB2 showed increased expressions. The elevated expression of HSP90AB1 was correlated with IDH mutation, long survival, and secondary glioblastomas. Elevated TIMP1 expression was related to high tumor grade and short patient survival. The results of NanoString were confirmed with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSIONS HSP90AB1 is related to IDH mutation and the expressions of HSP90AB1 and TIMP1 can predict prognosis in astrocytic tumors. The NanoString analysis system is a precise and reliable method to detect mRNA expression in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples.
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Chen C, Huang X, Wang K, Chen K, Gao D, Qian S. Early mortality in acute promyelocytic leukemia: Potential predictors. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:4061-4069. [PMID: 29541170 PMCID: PMC5835847 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a rare leukemia characterized by the balanced reciprocal translocation between the promyelocytic leukemia gene on chromosome 15 and the retinoic acid receptor α (RARα) gene on chromosome 17, and accounts for 10-15% of newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia each year. The combined use of all-trans retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide (ATO) as primary therapy has markedly improved the survival rate of patients with APL. Mortality in the first 30 days following therapy remains a major contribution to treatment failure. In the present study, published data was reviewed with a focus on the factors associated with early mortality. When treated with ATO as a primary treatment, the fms-like tyrosine kinase-internal tandem deletion has no impact on early mortality. Low lymphoid enhancer binding factor-1 expression may be a reliable marker for early mortality and the target of therapy if it could be proven by further studies. Cluster of differentiation (CD)56+ and CD34+/CD2+ may be candidates to select high-risk patients. The risk of early mortality in APL still cannot be predicted via the cell surface makers, despite multiple studies on their prognostic significance. Typically, a complex translocation did not alter the survival rate in patients with APL; however, if an abnormal karyotype [e.g., Ide(17), ZBTB16/RARα and STAT5B/RARα] appeared singularly or as part of a complex mutation, there is a high possibility of early mortality if clinicians are unable to identify or monitor it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Chen
- Department of Hematology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Xilian Huang
- Department of Hematology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Kaile Wang
- Department of Hematology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Kuang Chen
- Department of Hematology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Danquan Gao
- Department of Hematology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Shenxian Qian
- Department of Hematology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
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Antonios JP, Soto H, Everson RG, Moughon D, Orpilla JR, Shin NP, Sedighim S, Treger J, Odesa S, Tucker A, Yong WH, Li G, Cloughesy TF, Liau LM, Prins RM. Immunosuppressive tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells mediate adaptive immune resistance via a PD-1/PD-L1 mechanism in glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2018; 19:796-807. [PMID: 28115578 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adaptive immune resistance in the tumor microenvironment appears to attenuate the immunotherapeutic targeting of glioblastoma (GBM). In this study, we identified a tumor-infiltrating myeloid cell (TIM) population that expands in response to dendritic cell (DC) vaccine treatment. The aim of this study was to understand how this programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1)-expressing population restricts activation and tumor-cytolytic function of vaccine-induced tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Methods To test this hypothesis in our in vivo preclinical model, we treated mice bearing intracranial gliomas with DC vaccination ± murine anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) blockade or a colony stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor (CSF-1Ri) (PLX3397) and measured overall survival. We then harvested and characterized the PD-L1+ TIM population and its role in TIL activation and tumor cytolysis in vitro. Results Our data indicated that the majority of PD-L1 expression in the GBM environment is contributed by TIMs rather than by tumor cells themselves. While PD-1 blockade partially reversed the TIL dysfunction, targeting TIMs directly with CSF-1Ri altered TIM expression of key chemotactic factors associated with promoting increased TIL infiltration after vaccination. Neither PD-1 mAb nor CSF-1Ri had a demonstrable therapeutic benefit alone, but when combined with DC vaccination, a significant survival benefit was observed. When the tripartite regimen was given (DC vaccine, PD-1 mAb, PLX3397), long-term survival was noted together with an increase in the number of TILs and TIL activation. Conclusion Together, these studies elucidate the role that TIMs play in mediating adaptive immune resistance in the GBM microenvironment and provide evidence that they can be manipulated pharmacologically with agents that are clinically available. Development of immune resistance in response to active vaccination in GBM can be reversed with dual administration of CSF-1Ri and PD-1 mAb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Antonios
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Horacio Soto
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Richard G Everson
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Diana Moughon
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joey R Orpilla
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Namjo P Shin
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shaina Sedighim
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Janet Treger
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sylvia Odesa
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alexander Tucker
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - William H Yong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Biostatistics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Timothy F Cloughesy
- Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Linda M Liau
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Robert M Prins
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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36
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Handschuh L, Kaźmierczak M, Milewski MC, Góralski M, Łuczak M, Wojtaszewska M, Uszczyńska-Ratajczak B, Lewandowski K, Komarnicki M, Figlerowicz M. Gene expression profiling of acute myeloid leukemia samples from adult patients with AML-M1 and -M2 through boutique microarrays, real-time PCR and droplet digital PCR. Int J Oncol 2017; 52:656-678. [PMID: 29286103 PMCID: PMC5807040 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common and severe form of acute leukemia diagnosed in adults. Owing to its heterogeneity, AML is divided into classes associated with different treatment outcomes and specific gene expression profiles. Based on previous studies on AML, in this study, we designed and generated an AML-array containing 900 oligonucleotide probes complementary to human genes implicated in hematopoietic cell differentiation and maturation, proliferation, apoptosis and leukemic transformation. The AML-array was used to hybridize 118 samples from 33 patients with AML of the M1 and M2 subtypes of the French-American-British (FAB) classification and 15 healthy volunteers (HV). Rigorous analysis of the microarray data revealed that 83 genes were differentially expressed between the patients with AML and the HV, including genes not yet discussed in the context of AML pathogenesis. The most overexpressed genes in AML were STMN1, KITLG, CDK6, MCM5, KRAS, CEBPA, MYC, ANGPT1, SRGN, RPLP0, ENO1 and SET, whereas the most underexpressed genes were IFITM1, LTB, FCN1, BIRC3, LYZ, ADD3, S100A9, FCER1G, PTRPE, CD74 and TMSB4X. The overexpression of the CPA3 gene was specific for AML with mutated NPM1 and FLT3. Although the microarray-based method was insufficient to differentiate between any other AML subgroups, quantitative PCR approaches enabled us to identify 3 genes (ANXA3, S100A9 and WT1) whose expression can be used to discriminate between the 2 studied AML FAB subtypes. The expression levels of the ANXA3 and S100A9 genes were increased, whereas those of WT1 were decreased in the AML-M2 compared to the AML-M1 group. We also examined the association between the STMN1, CAT and ABL1 genes, and the FLT3 and NPM1 mutation status. FLT3+/NPM1− AML was associated with the highest expression of STMN1, and ABL1 was upregulated in FLT3+ AML and CAT in FLT3− AML, irrespectively of the NPM1 mutation status. Moreover, our results indicated that CAT and WT1 gene expression levels correlated with the response to therapy. CAT expression was highest in patients who remained longer under complete remission, whereas WT1 expression increased with treatment resistance. On the whole, this study demonstrates that the AML-array can potentially serve as a first-line screening tool, and may be helpful for the diagnosis of AML, whereas the differentiation between AML subgroups can be more successfully performed with PCR-based analysis of a few marker genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Handschuh
- European Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Kaźmierczak
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-569 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marek C Milewski
- European Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznan, Poland
| | - Michał Góralski
- European Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznan, Poland
| | - Magdalena Łuczak
- European Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marzena Wojtaszewska
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-569 Poznan, Poland
| | - Barbara Uszczyńska-Ratajczak
- European Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznan, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Lewandowski
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-569 Poznan, Poland
| | - Mieczysław Komarnicki
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-569 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marek Figlerowicz
- European Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznan, Poland
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37
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Chan CY, Chan KR, Chua CJ, Nur Hazirah S, Ghosh S, Ooi EE, Low JG. Early molecular correlates of adverse events following yellow fever vaccination. JCI Insight 2017; 2:96031. [PMID: 28978802 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.96031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune response shapes the development of adaptive immunity following infections and vaccination. However, it can also induce symptoms such as fever and myalgia, leading to the possibility that the molecular basis of immunogenicity and reactogenicity of vaccination are inseparably linked. To test this possibility, we used the yellow fever live-attenuated vaccine (YFLAV) as a model to study the molecular correlates of reactogenicity or adverse events (AEs). We analyzed the outcome of 68 adults who completed a YFLAV clinical trial, of which 43 (63.2%) reported systemic AEs. Through whole-genome profiling of blood collected before and after YFLAV dosing, we observed that activation of innate immune genes at day 1, but not day 3 after vaccination, was directly correlated with AEs. These findings contrast with the gene expression profile at day 3 that we and others have previously shown to be correlated with immunogenicity. We conclude that although the innate immune response is a double-edged sword, its expression that induces AEs is temporally distinct from that which engenders robust immunity. The use of genomic profiling thus provides molecular insights into the biology of AEs that potentially forms a basis for the development of safer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice Yy Chan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Kuan Rong Chan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Camillus Jh Chua
- SingHealth Translational Immunology and Inflammation Centre (STIIC), Singapore
| | | | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Interdisciplinary Research Group in Infectious Diseases, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research & Technology (SMART), Singapore
| | - Jenny G Low
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
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Arber DA, Borowitz MJ, Cessna M, Etzell J, Foucar K, Hasserjian RP, Rizzo JD, Theil K, Wang SA, Smith AT, Rumble RB, Thomas NE, Vardiman JW. Initial Diagnostic Workup of Acute Leukemia: Guideline From the College of American Pathologists and the American Society of Hematology. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2017; 141:1342-1393. [PMID: 28225303 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2016-0504-cp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT - A complete diagnosis of acute leukemia requires knowledge of clinical information combined with morphologic evaluation, immunophenotyping and karyotype analysis, and often, molecular genetic testing. Although many aspects of the workup for acute leukemia are well accepted, few guidelines have addressed the different aspects of the diagnostic evaluation of samples from patients suspected to have acute leukemia. OBJECTIVE - To develop a guideline for treating physicians and pathologists involved in the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of new acute leukemia samples, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, and acute leukemias of ambiguous lineage. DESIGN - The College of American Pathologists and the American Society of Hematology convened a panel of experts in hematology and hematopathology to develop recommendations. A systematic evidence review was conducted to address 6 key questions. Recommendations were derived from strength of evidence, feedback received during the public comment period, and expert panel consensus. RESULTS - Twenty-seven guideline statements were established, which ranged from recommendations on what clinical and laboratory information should be available as part of the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of acute leukemia samples to what types of testing should be performed routinely, with recommendations on where such testing should be performed and how the results should be reported. CONCLUSIONS - The guideline provides a framework for the multiple steps, including laboratory testing, in the evaluation of acute leukemia samples. Some aspects of the guideline, especially molecular genetic testing in acute leukemia, are rapidly changing with new supportive literature, which will require on-going updates for the guideline to remain relevant.
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39
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Zhang J, Griffith M, Miller CA, Griffith OL, Spencer DH, Walker JR, Magrini V, McGrath SD, Ly A, Helton NM, Trissal M, Link DC, Dang HX, Larson DE, Kulkarni S, Cordes MG, Fronick CC, Fulton RS, Klco JM, Mardis ER, Ley TJ, Wilson RK, Maher CA. Comprehensive discovery of noncoding RNAs in acute myeloid leukemia cell transcriptomes. Exp Hematol 2017; 55:19-33. [PMID: 28760689 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
To detect diverse and novel RNA species comprehensively, we compared deep small RNA and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) methods applied to a primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) sample. We were able to discover previously unannotated small RNAs using deep sequencing of a library method using broader insert size selection. We analyzed the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) landscape in AML by comparing deep sequencing from multiple RNA-seq library construction methods for the sample that we studied and then integrating RNA-seq data from 179 AML cases. This identified lncRNAs that are completely novel, differentially expressed, and associated with specific AML subtypes. Our study revealed the complexity of the noncoding RNA transcriptome through a combined strategy of strand-specific small RNA and total RNA-seq. This dataset will serve as an invaluable resource for future RNA-based analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- The McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Malachi Griffith
- The McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Christopher A Miller
- The McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Obi L Griffith
- The McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - David H Spencer
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jason R Walker
- The McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Vincent Magrini
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Sean D McGrath
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Amy Ly
- The McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | | | - Maria Trissal
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Daniel C Link
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Ha X Dang
- The McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - David E Larson
- The McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | | | - Matthew G Cordes
- The McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Catrina C Fronick
- The McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Robert S Fulton
- The McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jeffery M Klco
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Elaine R Mardis
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Timothy J Ley
- The McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Richard K Wilson
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Christopher A Maher
- The McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO.
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40
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Eya2, a Target Activated by Plzf, Is Critical for PLZF-RARA-Induced Leukemogenesis. Mol Cell Biol 2017; 37:MCB.00585-16. [PMID: 28416638 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00585-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PLZF is a transcription factor that confers aberrant self-renewal in leukemogenesis, and the PLZF-RARA fusion gene causes acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) through differentiation block. However, the molecular mechanisms of aberrant self-renewal underlying PLZF-mediated leukemogenesis are poorly understood. To investigate these mechanisms, comprehensive expression profiling of mouse hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells transduced with Plzf was performed, which revealed the involvement of a key transcriptional coactivator, Eya2, a target molecule shared by Plzf and PLZF-RARA, in the aberrant self-renewal. Indeed, PLZF-RARA as well as Plzf rendered those cells immortalized through upregulation of Eya2. Eya2 also led to immortalization without differentiation block, while depletion of Eya2 suppressed clonogenicity in cells immortalized by PLZF-RARA without influence on differentiation and apoptosis. Interestingly, cancer outlier profile analysis of human samples of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) revealed a subtype of AML that strongly expressed EYA2 In addition, gene set enrichment analysis of human AML samples, including TCGA data, showed that this subtype of AML was more closely associated with the properties of leukemic stem cells in its gene expression signature than other AMLs. Therefore, EYA2 may be a target for molecular therapy in this subtype of AML, including PLZF-RARA APL.
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41
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Pollack SM, He Q, Yearley JH, Emerson R, Vignali M, Zhang Y, Redman MW, Baker KK, Cooper S, Donahue B, Loggers ET, Cranmer LD, Spraker MB, Seo YD, Pillarisetty VG, Ricciotti RW, Hoch BL, McClanahan TK, Murphy E, Blumenschein WM, Townson SM, Benzeno S, Riddell SR, Jones RL. T-cell infiltration and clonality correlate with programmed cell death protein 1 and programmed death-ligand 1 expression in patients with soft tissue sarcomas. Cancer 2017; 123:3291-3304. [PMID: 28463396 PMCID: PMC5568958 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with metastatic sarcomas have poor outcomes and although the disease may be amenable to immunotherapies, information regarding the immunologic profiles of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) subtypes is limited. METHODS The authors identified patients with the common STS subtypes: leiomyosarcoma, undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS), synovial sarcoma (SS), well‐differentiated/dedifferentiated liposarcoma, and myxoid/round cell liposarcoma. Gene expression, immunohistochemistry for programmed cell death protein (PD‐1) and programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1), and T‐cell receptor Vβ gene sequencing were performed on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tumors from 81 patients. Differences in liposarcoma subsets also were evaluated. RESULTS UPS and leiomyosarcoma had high expression levels of genes related to antigen presentation and T‐cell infiltration. UPS were found to have higher levels of PD‐L1 (P≤.001) and PD‐1 (P≤.05) on immunohistochemistry and had the highest T‐cell infiltration based on T‐cell receptor sequencing, significantly more than SS, which had the lowest (P≤.05). T‐cell infiltrates in UPS also were more oligoclonal compared with SS and liposarcoma (P≤.05). A model adjusted for STS histologic subtype found that for all sarcomas, T‐cell infiltration and clonality were highly correlated with PD‐1 and PD‐L1 expression levels (P≤.01). CONCLUSIONS In the current study, the authors provide the most detailed overview of the immune microenvironment in sarcoma subtypes to date. UPS, which is a more highly mutated STS subtype, provokes a substantial immune response, suggesting that it may be well suited to treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors. The SS and liposarcoma subsets are less mutated but do express immunogenic self‐antigens, and therefore strategies to improve antigen presentation and T‐cell infiltration may allow for successful immunotherapy in patients with these diagnoses. Cancer 2017;123:3291‐304. © 2017 The Authors. Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Cancer Society. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes. To the author's knowledge, the current study provides the most comprehensive characterization of the sarcoma tumor immune microenvironment to date through the use of gene expression analysis, immunohistochemistry, and T‐cell receptor sequencing. The results demonstrate that some sarcoma subtypes, such as synovial sarcoma, are immunologically quiet, whereas others, such as undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, are highly inflammatory and could be susceptible to immune checkpoint inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth M Pollack
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Qianchuan He
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.,Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Ryan Emerson
- Adaptive Biotechnologies Corporation, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Yuzheng Zhang
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.,Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Mary W Redman
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kelsey K Baker
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sara Cooper
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Bailey Donahue
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Elizabeth T Loggers
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lee D Cranmer
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Matthew B Spraker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Y David Seo
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | - Benjamin L Hoch
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | | | | | - Sharon Benzeno
- Adaptive Biotechnologies Corporation, Seattle, Washington
| | - Stanley R Riddell
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Robin L Jones
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Royal Marsden Hospital and Institute of Cancer Research, London
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42
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Mutter RW, Riaz N, Ng CK, Delsite R, Piscuoglio S, Edelweiss M, Martelotto LG, Sakr RA, King TA, Giri DD, Drobnjak M, Brogi E, Bindra R, Bernheim G, Lim RS, Blecua P, Desrichard A, Higginson D, Towers R, Jiang R, Lee W, Weigelt B, Reis-Filho JS, Powell SN. Bi-allelic alterations in DNA repair genes underpin homologous recombination DNA repair defects in breast cancer. J Pathol 2017; 242:165-177. [PMID: 28299801 DOI: 10.1002/path.4890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair-deficient (HRD) breast cancers have been shown to be sensitive to DNA repair targeted therapies. Burgeoning evidence suggests that sporadic breast cancers, lacking germline BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations, may also be HRD. We developed a functional ex vivo RAD51-based test to identify HRD primary breast cancers. An integrated approach examining methylation, gene expression, and whole-exome sequencing was employed to ascertain the aetiology of HRD. Functional HRD breast cancers displayed genomic features of lack of competent HR, including large-scale state transitions and specific mutational signatures. Somatic and/or germline genetic alterations resulting in bi-allelic loss-of-function of HR genes underpinned functional HRD in 89% of cases, and were observed in only one of the 15 HR-proficient samples tested. These findings indicate the importance of a comprehensive genetic assessment of bi-allelic alterations in the HR pathway to deliver a precision medicine-based approach to select patients for therapies targeting tumour-specific DNA repair defects. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Mutter
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nadeem Riaz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charlotte Ky Ng
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rob Delsite
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Salvatore Piscuoglio
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marcia Edelweiss
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luciano G Martelotto
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rita A Sakr
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tari A King
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dilip D Giri
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Drobnjak
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edi Brogi
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ranjit Bindra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Yale, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Giana Bernheim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raymond S Lim
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pedro Blecua
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexis Desrichard
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dan Higginson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Russell Towers
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ruomu Jiang
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Britta Weigelt
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jorge S Reis-Filho
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Simon N Powell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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43
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Novianti PW, Jong VL, Roes KCB, Eijkemans MJC. Meta-analysis approach as a gene selection method in class prediction: does it improve model performance? A case study in acute myeloid leukemia. BMC Bioinformatics 2017; 18:210. [PMID: 28399794 PMCID: PMC5387259 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-017-1619-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aggregating gene expression data across experiments via meta-analysis is expected to increase the precision of the effect estimates and to increase the statistical power to detect a certain fold change. This study evaluates the potential benefit of using a meta-analysis approach as a gene selection method prior to predictive modeling in gene expression data. RESULTS Six raw datasets from different gene expression experiments in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and 11 different classification methods were used to build classification models to classify samples as either AML or healthy control. First, the classification models were trained on gene expression data from single experiments using conventional supervised variable selection and externally validated with the other five gene expression datasets (referred to as the individual-classification approach). Next, gene selection was performed through meta-analysis on four datasets, and predictive models were trained with the selected genes on the fifth dataset and validated on the sixth dataset. For some datasets, gene selection through meta-analysis helped classification models to achieve higher performance as compared to predictive modeling based on a single dataset; but for others, there was no major improvement. Synthetic datasets were generated from nine simulation scenarios. The effect of sample size, fold change and pairwise correlation between differentially expressed (DE) genes on the difference between MA- and individual-classification model was evaluated. The fold change and pairwise correlation significantly contributed to the difference in performance between the two methods. The gene selection via meta-analysis approach was more effective when it was conducted using a set of data with low fold change and high pairwise correlation on the DE genes. CONCLUSION Gene selection through meta-analysis on previously published studies potentially improves the performance of a predictive model on a given gene expression data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putri W. Novianti
- Biostatistics & Research Support, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University medical center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, VU University medical center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Victor L. Jong
- Biostatistics & Research Support, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Viroscience Laboratory, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kit C. B. Roes
- Biostatistics & Research Support, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marinus J. C. Eijkemans
- Biostatistics & Research Support, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
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44
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Lin CC, Hsu YC, Li YH, Kuo YY, Hou HA, Lan KH, Chen TC, Tzeng YS, Kuo YY, Kao CJ, Chuang PH, Tseng MH, Chiu YC, Chou WC, Tien HF. Higher HOPX expression is associated with distinct clinical and biological features and predicts poor prognosis in de novo acute myeloid leukemia. Haematologica 2017; 102:1044-1053. [PMID: 28341738 PMCID: PMC5451336 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.161257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Homeodomain-only protein homeobox (HOPX) is the smallest homeodomain protein. It was regarded as a stem cell marker in several non-hematopoietic systems. While the prototypic homeobox genes such as the HOX family have been well characterized in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the clinical and biological implications of HOPX in the disease remain unknown. Thus we analyzed HOPX and global gene expression patterns in 347 newly diagnosed de novo AML patients in our institute. We found that higher HOPX expression was closely associated with older age, higher platelet counts, lower white blood cell counts, lower lactate dehydrogenase levels, and mutations in RUNX1, IDH2, ASXL1, and DNMT3A, but negatively associated with acute promyelocytic leukemia, favorable karyotypes, CEBPA double mutations and NPM1 mutation. Patients with higher HOPX expression had a lower complete remission rate and shorter survival. The finding was validated in two independent cohorts. Multivariate analysis revealed that higher HOPX expression was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor irrespective of other known prognostic parameters and gene signatures derived from multiple cohorts. Gene set enrichment analysis showed higher HOPX expression was associated with both hematopoietic and leukemia stem cell signatures. While HOPX and HOX family genes showed concordant expression patterns in normal hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, their expression patterns and associated clinical and biological features were distinctive in AML settings, demonstrating HOPX to be a unique homeobox gene. Therefore, HOPX is a distinctive homeobox gene with characteristic clinical and biological implications and its expression is a powerful predictor of prognosis in AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chin Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology and Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Chwen Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hung Li
- Division of Hematology and Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Yeh Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-An Hou
- Division of Hematology and Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Keng-Hsueh Lan
- Division of Radiation Oncology and Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Chih Chen
- Division of Hematology and Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shiuan Tzeng
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yi Kuo
- Division of Hematology and Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chein-Jun Kao
- Division of Hematology and Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Han Chuang
- Division of Hematology and Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hsuan Tseng
- Division of Hematology and Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chiao Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Chou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan .,Division of Hematology and Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hwei-Fang Tien
- Division of Hematology and Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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45
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Abramowitz J, Neuman T, Perlman R, Ben-Yehuda D. Gene and protein analysis reveals that p53 pathway is functionally inactivated in cytogenetically normal Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia. BMC Med Genomics 2017; 10:18. [PMID: 28340577 PMCID: PMC5423421 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-017-0249-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mechanisms that inactivate the p53 pathway in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), other than rare mutations, are still not well understood. Methods We performed a bioinformatics study of the p53 pathway function at the gene expression level on our collection of 1153 p53-pathway related genes. Publically available Affymetrix data of 607 de-novo AML patients at diagnosis were analyzed according to the patients cytogenetic, FAB and molecular mutations subtypes. We further investigated the functional status of the p53 pathway in cytogenetically normal AML (CN-AML) and Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) patients using bioinformatics, Real-Time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Results We revealed significant and differential alterations of p53 pathway-related gene expression in most of the AML subtypes. We found that p53 pathway-related gene expression was not correlated with the accepted grouping of AML subtypes such as by cytogenetically-based prognosis, morphological stage or by the type of molecular mutation. Our bioinformatic analysis revealed that p53 is not functional in CN-AML and APL blasts at inducing its most important functional outcomes: cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, DNA repair and oxidative stress defense. We revealed transcriptional downregulation of important p53 acetyltransferases in both CN-AML and APL, accompanied by increased Mdmx protein expression and inadequate Chk2 protein activation. Conclusions Our bioinformatic analysis demonstrated that p53 pathway is differentially inactivated in different AML subtypes. Focused gene and protein analysis of p53 pathway in CN-AML and APL patients imply that functional inactivation of p53 protein can be attributed to its impaired acetylation. Our analysis indicates the need in further accurate evaluation of p53 pathway functioning and regulation in distinct subtypes of AML. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12920-017-0249-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Abramowitz
- Department of Hematology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, P.O. Box 12000, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel.
| | - Tzahi Neuman
- Department of Pathology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Riki Perlman
- Department of Hematology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, P.O. Box 12000, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Dina Ben-Yehuda
- Department of Hematology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, P.O. Box 12000, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
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46
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Aberrantly expressed LGR4 empowers Wnt signaling in multiple myeloma by hijacking osteoblast-derived R-spondins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 114:376-381. [PMID: 28028233 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1618650114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The unrestrained growth of tumor cells is generally attributed to mutations in essential growth control genes, but tumor cells are also affected by, or even addicted to, signals from the microenvironment. As therapeutic targets, these extrinsic signals may be equally significant as mutated oncogenes. In multiple myeloma (MM), a plasma cell malignancy, most tumors display hallmarks of active Wnt signaling but lack activating Wnt-pathway mutations, suggesting activation by autocrine Wnt ligands and/or paracrine Wnts emanating from the bone marrow (BM) niche. Here, we report a pivotal role for the R-spondin/leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 4 (LGR4) axis in driving aberrant Wnt/β-catenin signaling in MM. We show that LGR4 is expressed by MM plasma cells, but not by normal plasma cells or B cells. This aberrant LGR4 expression is driven by IL-6/STAT3 signaling and allows MM cells to hijack R-spondins produced by (pre)osteoblasts in the BM niche, resulting in Wnt (co)receptor stabilization and a dramatically increased sensitivity to auto- and paracrine Wnts. Our study identifies aberrant R-spondin/LGR4 signaling with consequent deregulation of Wnt (co)receptor turnover as a driver of oncogenic Wnt/β-catenin signaling in MM cells. These results advocate targeting of the LGR4/R-spondin interaction as a therapeutic strategy in MM.
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47
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Wang X, Tan Y, Li Y, Li J, Jin W, Wang K. Repression of CDKN2C caused by PML/RARα binding promotes the proliferation and differentiation block in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Front Med 2016; 10:420-429. [PMID: 27888400 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-016-0478-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inappropriate cell proliferation during oncogenesis is often accompanied by inactivation of components involved in the cell cycle machinery. Here, we report that cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2C (CDKN2C) as a member of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors is a target of the PML/RARα oncofusion protein in leukemogenesis of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL).We found that CDKN2C was markedly downregulated in APL blasts compared with normal promyelocytes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation combined with quantitative polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that PML/RARα directly bound to the CDKN2C promoter in the APL patient-derived cell line NB4. Luciferase assays indicated that PML/RARα inhibited the CDKN2C promoter activity in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, all-trans retinoic acid treatment induced CDKN2C expression by releasing the PML/RARα binding on chromatin in NB4 cells. Functional studies showed that ectopic expression of CDKN2C induced a cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and a partial differentiation in NB4 cells. Finally, the transcriptional regulation of CDKN2C was validated in primary APL patient samples. Collectively, this study highlights the importance of CDKN2C inactivation in the abnormal cell cycle progression and differentiation block of APL cells and may provide new insights into the study of pathogenesis and targeted therapy of APL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics and Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yun Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics and Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yizhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics and Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jingming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics and Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wen Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics and Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Kankan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics and Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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48
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Ding ZY, Huang YJ, Tang JD, Li G, Jiang PQ, Wu HT. Silencing of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α promotes thyroid cancer cell apoptosis and inhibits invasion by downregulating WWP2, WWP9, VEGF and VEGFR2. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:3735-3741. [PMID: 28105105 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptation to hypoxia is an important process physiologically and pathologically. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) participates in the cancer biology of numerous endocrine tumors, including their proliferation and differentiation. In the present study, the hypothesis that HIF-1α promotes tumorigenesis in thyroid cancer via upregulating angiogenesis-associated markers is investigated. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot analysis were used to examine the expression of HIF-1α in thyroid cancer cell lines, and to detect the expression of WW domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (WWP)2, WWP9, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) in MZ-CRC-1 and TT thyroid cancer cells. Cell proliferation was measured using a Cell Count Kit-8. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle was assessed by flow cytometry. Cell invasive ability was examined by Matrigel transwell analysis. RT-qPCR and western blot analyses demonstrated that the mRNA and protein expression levels of HIF-1α were significant higher in MZ-CRC-1 and TT thyroid cancer cells than in another three thyroid cancer cells (P<0.01). HIF-1α knockdown cells demonstrated inhibition of cell proliferation and invasion, arrested cell cycle at the G1 phase, and induction of cell apoptosis. The protein expression levels of WWP2, WWP9, VEGF and VEGFR2 were decreased in HIF-1α knockdown MZ-CRC-1 and TT cells. In conclusion, HIF-1α may be important in cell apoptosis and invasion of thyroid cancer cells, likely through regulating WWP2, WWP9, VEGF and VEGFR2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Yang Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Wuxi Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated by Nanjing, Chinese Medicine University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Juan Huang
- Department of Nursery, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Dong Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Wuxi Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated by Nanjing, Chinese Medicine University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, P.R. China
| | - Gan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Wuxi Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated by Nanjing, Chinese Medicine University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, P.R. China
| | - Pan-Qiang Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Wuxi Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated by Nanjing, Chinese Medicine University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, P.R. China
| | - Hao-Tian Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Wuxi Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated by Nanjing, Chinese Medicine University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, P.R. China
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Qiu J, Zhou B, Thol F, Zhou Y, Chen L, Shao C, DeBoever C, Hou J, Li H, Chaturvedi A, Ganser A, Bejar R, Zhang DE, Fu XD, Heuser M. Distinct splicing signatures affect converged pathways in myelodysplastic syndrome patients carrying mutations in different splicing regulators. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 22:1535-1549. [PMID: 27492256 PMCID: PMC5029452 DOI: 10.1261/rna.056101.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are heterogeneous myeloid disorders with prevalent mutations in several splicing factors, but the splicing programs linked to specific mutations or MDS in general remain to be systematically defined. We applied RASL-seq, a sensitive and cost-effective platform, to interrogate 5502 annotated splicing events in 169 samples from MDS patients or healthy individuals. We found that splicing signatures associated with normal hematopoietic lineages are largely related to cell signaling and differentiation programs, whereas MDS-linked signatures are primarily involved in cell cycle control and DNA damage responses. Despite the shared roles of affected splicing factors in the 3' splice site definition, mutations in U2AF1, SRSF2, and SF3B1 affect divergent splicing programs, and interestingly, the affected genes fall into converging cancer-related pathways. A risk score derived from 11 splicing events appears to be independently associated with an MDS prognosis and AML transformation, suggesting potential clinical relevance of altered splicing patterns in MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Qiu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Bing Zhou
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Felicitas Thol
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Changwei Shao
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Christopher DeBoever
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Jiayi Hou
- Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Hairi Li
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Anuhar Chaturvedi
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Arnold Ganser
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Rafael Bejar
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Dong-Er Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Xiang-Dong Fu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Michael Heuser
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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50
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Marjanovic I, Kostic J, Stanic B, Pejanovic N, Lucic B, Karan-Djurasevic T, Janic D, Dokmanovic L, Jankovic S, Vukovic NS, Tomin D, Perisic O, Rakocevic G, Popovic M, Pavlovic S, Tosic N. Parallel targeted next generation sequencing of childhood and adult acute myeloid leukemia patients reveals uniform genomic profile of the disease. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:13391-13401. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5142-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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