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Soleimanian E, Wang Y, Li W, Liu X, Griggs T, Flynn J, Walter PJ, Estes MJ. Understanding ozone episodes during the TRACER-AQ campaign in Houston, Texas: The role of transport and ozone production sensitivity to precursors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 900:165881. [PMID: 37517736 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated transport pathways and photochemical formation responsible for ozone exceedances during the September 2021 deployment of the Tracking Aerosol Convection Interactions ExpeRiment/Air Quality (TRACER-AQ) campaign in Houston, Texas. We focused on two ozone episodes, September 6th-September 11th ("Episode 1") and September 23rd-September 26th ("Episode 2"), when the maximum daily eight-hour average (MDA8) ozone at surface monitors exceeded 70 ppbv. Long-range transport patterns of air masses during these episodes were from the central/northern US. High-resolution (4 km resolution) trajectory analysis with FLEXible PARTicle (FLEXPART) dispersion model revealed local recirculation of air masses and the accumulation of pollutants across Houston contribute to the ozone exceedances. Comprehensive Air Quality Model with extensions (CAMx) driven by 1.33-km resolution meteorology from the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) tool simulated elevated ozone production rates during ozone episodes across the Houston metropolitan area, with ozone production hotspots mostly over Houston city and industrial districts of the Houston Ship Channel (HSC). The regional increase in ozone production rates was due to the transport of VOC-rich air masses (via northerly flows) that brought ozone precursors to the region, which ultimately caused a transition in the ozone formation tendency from generally VOC-limited to NOx-limited conditions. However, the city of Houston and the HSC remained in a VOC-limited regime because of local NOx emissions that, to some extent, preponderated the impact of transported VOCs. While approximately 37 % of the elevated ozone production was attributed to local photochemistry, the remaining ∼63 % increase in ozone production was due to the transported ozone to the region during episodes, bringing ozone to the Houston region and contributing to ozone exceedances. The outcomes of this study illustrated the synergy between transport and ozone production, both long-range and local scale, which resulted in ozone exceedances in Houston.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Soleimanian
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston 77204, TX, USA
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston 77204, TX, USA.
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston 77204, TX, USA
| | - Xueying Liu
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston 77204, TX, USA
| | - Travis Griggs
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston 77204, TX, USA
| | - James Flynn
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston 77204, TX, USA
| | - Paul J Walter
- Department of Mathematics, St. Edward's University, Austin 78704, TX, USA
| | - Mark J Estes
- Department of Mathematics, St. Edward's University, Austin 78704, TX, USA
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2
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Vizuete W, Nielsen-Gammon J, Dickey J, Couzo E, Blanchard C, Breitenbach P, Rasool QZ, Byun D. Meteorological based parameters and ozone exceedances in Houston and other cities in Texas. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2022; 72:969-984. [PMID: 35404771 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2022.2064004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the Houston-Galveston-Beaumont (HGB) region considerable scientific effort has been directed at elucidating the relationships among atmospheric circulations and urban mixed-layer ozone concentrations. These studies of the HGB region have provided guidance on the conditions that are used herein to identify specific meteorological parameters that relate with observed exceedances of the National Ambient Air Quality Standard for ozone. These parameters were developed using 15 years of ozone concentrations and localized wind conditions enhanced by incorporating data from a private monitoring network. Using these data, several key parameters were found that described the most common meteorological conditions for an exceedance day in HGB. The most relevant parameters included: the wind direction at midnight, wind speeds from 0 to 6 LST, and the extent of wind direction rotation in a 24-hour period. These parameters, and the meteorological conditions they describe, were also found to occur in an analysis of observational data throughout the state of Texas suggesting large scale forces beyond the influence of a sea breeze. A mixed layer model was developed and shown to illustrate the large-scale synoptic forces found in the observational data. The meteorological parameters, and conditions they describe, could be part of a diagnostic model performance evaluation to assure that accurate predictions of ozone for Texas were not the result of compensating errors.Implications: This study identified meteorological-based parameters that coincided with observed exceedances of the National Ambient Air Quality Standard for ozone across the state of Texas. These parameters can be used in support of regulatory model performance evaluations to assure accuracy in predicting ozone conducive conditions. In Houston, the vast majority of meteorlogical ozone conducive days did not produce an exceedance, suggesting other as yet unidentified conditions that are necessary such as an intermittent emission of precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Vizuete
- Environmental Sciences & Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Judy Dickey
- Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Evan Couzo
- Education, University of North Carolina, Asheville, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Quazi Z Rasool
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington State, USA
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3
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Clustering Analysis on Drivers of O3 Diurnal Pattern and Interactions with Nighttime NO3 and HONO. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13020351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The long-path differential optical absorption spectroscopy (LP-DOAS) technique was deployed in Shanghai to continuously monitor ozone (O3), formaldehyde (HCHO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrous acid (HONO), and nitrate radical (NO3) mixing ratios from September 2019 to August 2020. Through a clustering method, four typical clusters of the O3 diurnal pattern were identified: high during both the daytime and nighttime (cluster 1), high during the nighttime but low during the daytime (cluster 2), low during both the daytime and nighttime (cluster 3), and low during the nighttime but high during the daytime (cluster 4). The drivers of O3 variation for the four clusters were investigated for the day- and nighttime. Ambient NO caused the O3 gap after midnight between clusters 1 and 2 and clusters 3 and 4. During the daytime, vigorous O3 generation (clusters 1 and 4) was found to accompany higher temperature, lower humidity, lower wind speed, and higher radiation. Moreover, O3 concentration correlated with HCHO for all clusters except for the low O3 cluster 3, while O3 correlated with HCHO/NOx, but anti-correlated with NOx for all clusters. The lower boundary layer height before midnight hindered O3 diffusion and accordingly determined the final O3 accumulation over the daily cycle for clusters 1 and 4. The interactions between the O3 diel profile and other atmospheric reactive components established that higher HONO before sunrise significantly promoted daytime O3 generation, while higher daytime O3 led to a higher nighttime NO3 level. This paper summarizes the interplays between day- and nighttime oxidants and oxidation products, particularly the cause and effect for daytime O3 generation from the perspective of nighttime atmospheric components.
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Demetillo MAG, Navarro A, Knowles KK, Fields KP, Geddes JA, Nowlan CR, Janz SJ, Judd LM, Al-Saadi J, Sun K, McDonald BC, Diskin GS, Pusede SE. Observing Nitrogen Dioxide Air Pollution Inequality Using High-Spatial-Resolution Remote Sensing Measurements in Houston, Texas. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:9882-9895. [PMID: 32806912 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c01864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Houston, Texas is a major U.S. urban and industrial area where poor air quality is unevenly distributed and a disproportionate share is located in low-income, non-white, and Hispanic neighborhoods. We have traditionally lacked city-wide observations to fully describe these spatial heterogeneities in Houston and in cities globally, especially for reactive gases like nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Here, we analyze novel high-spatial-resolution (250 m × 500 m) NO2 vertical columns measured by the NASA GCAS airborne spectrometer as part of the September-2013 NASA DISCOVER-AQ mission and discuss differences in population-weighted NO2 at the census-tract level. Based on the average of 35 repeated flight circuits, we find 37 ± 6% higher NO2 for non-whites and Hispanics living in low-income tracts (LIN) compared to whites living in high-income tracts (HIW) and report NO2 disparities separately by race ethnicity (11-32%) and poverty status (15-28%). We observe substantial time-of-day and day-to-day variability in LIN-HIW NO2 differences (and in other metrics) driven by the greater prevalence of NOx (≡NO + NO2) emission sources in low-income, non-white, and Hispanic neighborhoods. We evaluate measurements from the recently launched satellite sensor TROPOMI (3.5 km × 7 km at nadir), averaged to 0.01° × 0.01° using physics-based oversampling, and demonstrate that TROPOMI resolves similar relative, but not absolute, tract-level differences compared to GCAS. We utilize the high-resolution FIVE and NEI NOx inventories, plus one year of TROPOMI weekday-weekend variability, to attribute tract-level NO2 disparities to industrial sources and heavy-duty diesel trucking. We show that GCAS and TROPOMI spatial patterns correspond to the surface patterns measured using aircraft profiling and surface monitors. We discuss opportunities for satellite remote sensing to inform decision making in cities generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Angelique G Demetillo
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Aracely Navarro
- Department of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Katherine K Knowles
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Kimberly P Fields
- Carter G. Woodson Institute for African-American and African Studies, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Geddes
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Caroline R Nowlan
- Atomic and Molecular Physics Division, Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Scott J Janz
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, United States
| | - Laura M Judd
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681, United States
| | - Jassim Al-Saadi
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681, United States
| | - Kang Sun
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
- Research and Education in eNergy, Environment and Water (RENEW) Institute, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Brian C McDonald
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Glenn S Diskin
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681, United States
| | - Sally E Pusede
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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5
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Yang S, Lan X, Talbot R, Liu L. Characterizing anthropogenic methane sources in the Houston and Barnett Shale areas of Texas using the isotopic signature δ 13C in CH 4. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 696:133856. [PMID: 31461696 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Methane (CH4) is an important greenhouse gas with its mixing ratio increasing in the global atmosphere. Identifying fingerprints of CH4 emissions is critical to understanding potential impacts of various anthropogenic sources in the Greater Houston area (GHA) and extensive natural gas operations in the Barnett Shale area (BSA) of Texas. Stable carbon isotope ratios of CH4 (δ13CCH4) has been proposed to be a useful technique for differentiating individual CH4 sources. Measurements of CH4 mixing ratios and δ13CCH4 were sampled using a mobile laboratory equipped with cavity ring-down spectrometers (CRDS). Areal CH4 distributions and the background δ13CCH4 signature were obtained from filtered ambient signals; -47.0‰ (GHA) and - 48.5‰ (BSA) were calculated. The fingerprint of thirty-three anthropogenic sources in the two study areas were sampled with forty-four δ13C analyses conducted. Repeated measurements indicated the natural variation of δ13CCH4 signatures of individual CH4 sources. An unexpected massive CH4 fugitive leak was detected near the San Jacinto River Fleet site in Houston exhibiting an δ13CCH4 value around -42‰. Our results and findings demonstrate the utility of δ13CCH4for facilitating emission inventories and atmospheric modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Yang
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States; Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States.
| | - Xin Lan
- Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO, United States; Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Robert Talbot
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States; Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Lei Liu
- Physics Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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6
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Benetello F, Squizzato S, Masiol M, Khan MB, Visin F, Formenton G, Pavoni B. A procedure to evaluate the factors determining the elemental composition of PM 2.5. Case study: the Veneto region (northeastern Italy). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:3823-3839. [PMID: 29178000 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0759-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Po Valley is one of the most important hot spots in Europe for air pollution. Morphological features and anthropogenic pressures lead to frequent breaching of air quality standards and to high-pollution episodes in an ~46 × 103-km2-wide alluvial lowland. Therefore, it is increasingly important to study the air quality in a wide geographical scale to better implement possible and successful mitigation measures. The Veneto region lies in the eastern part of the Po Valley and the elemental composition of PM has been mainly studied in the Venice area, whereas scarce data are available for the remaining territory of the region. In this study, the elemental composition of PM2.5 was investigated over 1 year (2012-2013) at six major cities of the Veneto region. Samples were analyzed for 16 elements (Ca, Al, Fe, S, K, Mg, Ti, Mn, Zn, Ba, As, Ni, Pb, Sb, V, and Cu), and results were processed to investigate spatial and seasonal variations, the influence of meteorological factors, and the most probable sources by using a procedure based on (i) elemental ratios (Cu/Sb, Cu/Zn, Cu/Pb, Mn/V, V/Ni, and Zn/Pb), (ii) cluster analysis on wind data, and (iii) conditional probability function (CPF). The percentage of elements in PM2.5 ranged between 11 and 20%, and Ca and S were the most abundant elements in the region. Typical seasonal variations and similar trends were exhibited by each element, especially in the lowland. Some elements such as Zn, K, Mn, Pb, and Sb were found at high concentrations during the cold period. However, no similar dispersion processes were observed throughout the region, and their concentrations were mostly depending on individual local sources. In the alpine and foothill parts of the region, lower concentrations were recorded with respect to the Po Valley cities, which resulted enriched of most of the elements considered in this study. The cluster analysis on wind data and the CPF of the ratio-related sources demonstrated that a widespread pollution condition exists in the region, apart from the coastal area. However, specific directions (e.g., a link with high-traffic roads, industrial areas, and airports) resulted the most probable explanation for each ratio-related source. In addition, the Veneto region hosts one of the most important Mediterranean ports for the cruise sector (Venice harbor), and its impact was previously demonstrated in the historical city center. In this study, the impact of Venice shipping emissions was estimated to be 3.5% of PM2.5 in some particular days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Benetello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia Campus Scientifico, Via Torino 155, 30172, Mestre, VE, Italy
| | - Stefania Squizzato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia Campus Scientifico, Via Torino 155, 30172, Mestre, VE, Italy
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, 265 Crittenden Boulevard, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Mauro Masiol
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, 265 Crittenden Boulevard, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Md Badiuzzaman Khan
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia Campus Scientifico, Via Torino 155, 30172, Mestre, VE, Italy
- Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Flavia Visin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia Campus Scientifico, Via Torino 155, 30172, Mestre, VE, Italy
| | - Gianni Formenton
- Dipartimento Regionale Laboratori, Agenzia Regionale per la Prevenzione e Protezione Ambientale del Veneto (ARPAV), Via Lissa 6, 30171, Mestre, VE, Italy
| | - Bruno Pavoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia Campus Scientifico, Via Torino 155, 30172, Mestre, VE, Italy.
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7
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Gantt B, Sarwar G, Xing J, Simon H, Schwede D, Hutzell WT, Mathur R, Saiz-Lopez A. The Impact of Iodide-Mediated Ozone Deposition and Halogen Chemistry on Surface Ozone Concentrations Across the Continental United States. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:1458-1466. [PMID: 28051851 PMCID: PMC6145082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b03556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The air quality of many large coastal areas in the United States is affected by the confluence of polluted urban and relatively clean marine airmasses, each with distinct atmospheric chemistry. In this context, the role of iodide-mediated ozone (O3) deposition over seawater and marine halogen chemistry accounted for in both the lateral boundary conditions and coastal waters surrounding the continental U.S. is examined using the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. Several nested simulations are conducted in which these halogen processes are implemented separately in the continental U.S. and hemispheric CMAQ domains, the latter providing lateral boundary conditions for the former. Overall, it is the combination of these processes within both the continental U.S. domain and from lateral boundary conditions that lead to the largest reductions in modeled surface O3 concentrations. Predicted reductions in surface O3 concentrations occur mainly along the coast where CMAQ typically has large overpredictions. These results suggest that a realistic representation of halogen processes in marine regions can improve model prediction of O3 concentrations near the coast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Gantt
- Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, US Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - Golam Sarwar
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - Jia Xing
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - Heather Simon
- Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, US Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - Donna Schwede
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - William T Hutzell
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - Rohit Mathur
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC , Madrid 28006, Spain
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8
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Gorai AK, Tuluri F, Tchounwou PB, Ambinakudige S. Influence of local meteorology and NO 2 conditions on ground-level ozone concentrations in the eastern part of Texas, USA. AIR QUALITY, ATMOSPHERE, & HEALTH 2015; 8:81-96. [PMID: 25755687 PMCID: PMC4351766 DOI: 10.1007/s11869-014-0276-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The influence of local climatic factors on ground-level ozone concentrations is an area of increasing interest to air quality management in regards to future climate change. This study presents an analysis on the role of temperature, wind speed, wind direction, and NO2 level on ground-level ozone concentrations over the region of Eastern Texas, USA. Ozone concentrations at the ground level depend on the formation and dispersion processes. Formation process mainly depends on the precursor sources, whereas, the dispersion of ozone depends on meteorological factors. Study results showed that the spatial mean of ground-level ozone concentrations was highly dependent on the spatial mean of NO2 concentrations. However, spatial distributions of NO2 and ozone concentrations were not uniformed throughout the study period due to uneven wind speeds and wind directions. Wind speed and wind direction also played a significant role in the dispersion of ozone. Temperature profile in the area rarely had any effects on the ozone concentrations due to low spatial variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Gorai
- Environmental Science and Engineering Group, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, India; Department of Technology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - F Tuluri
- Department of Technology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - P B Tchounwou
- NIMHD RCMI-Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - S Ambinakudige
- Department of Geosciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
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9
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Masiol M, Squizzato S, Ceccato D, Pavoni B. The size distribution of chemical elements of atmospheric aerosol at a semi-rural coastal site in Venice (Italy). The role of atmospheric circulation. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 119:400-406. [PMID: 25063963 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.06.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of selected elemental tracers were determined in the aerosol of a semi-rural coastal site near Venice (Italy). Size-segregated aerosol samples were collected using an 8-stage cascade impactor set at 15m above ground, during the cold season (late autumn and winter), when high levels of many pollutants are known to cause risks for human health. From the experimental data, information was extracted on potential pollutant sources by investigating the relationships between elements in the different size fractions. Moreover, an approach to highlight the importance of local atmospheric circulation and air mass origin in influencing the PM composition and fractional distribution is proposed. Anthropogenic elements are strongly inter-correlated in the submicrometric (<1 μm) (S, K, Mn, Cu, Fe and Zn) and intermediate mode (1-4 μm) (Mn, Cu, Zn, Ni) and their relationships highlight the presence of several sources (combustions, secondary aerosol, road traffic). In the intermediate mode, associations having geochemical significance exist between marine (Na, Cl and Mg) and crustal (Si, Mg, Ca, Al, Ti and K) elements. In the coarse mode (>4 μm) Fe and Zn are well correlated and are probably linked to tire and brake wear emissions. Regarding atmospheric circulation, results show increasing levels of elements related to pollution sources (S, K, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn) when air masses come from Central and Eastern Europe direction and on the ground wind blows from NWN-N-NE (from mainland Venice). Low wind speed and high percentage of wind calm hours favor element accumulation in the submicrometric and intermediate modes. Furthermore, strong winds favor the formation of sea-spray and the increase of Si in the coarse mode due to the resuspension of sand fine particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Masiol
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, Dorsoduro 2137, 30123 Venice, Italy
| | - Stefania Squizzato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, Dorsoduro 2137, 30123 Venice, Italy.
| | - Daniele Ceccato
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Galileo Galilei", Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35100 Padua, Italy; Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Viale dell'Università 2, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Bruno Pavoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, Dorsoduro 2137, 30123 Venice, Italy
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10
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Stauffer RM, Thompson AM, Martins DK, Clark RD, Goldberg DL, Loughner CP, Delgado R, Dickerson RR, Stehr JW, Tzortziou MA. Bay breeze influence on surface ozone at Edgewood, MD during July 2011. JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY 2015; 72:335-353. [PMID: 26692594 PMCID: PMC4665832 DOI: 10.1007/s10874-012-9241-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Surface ozone (O3) was analyzed to investigate the role of the bay breeze on air quality at two locations in Edgewood, Maryland (lat: 39.4°, lon: -76.3°) for the month of July 2011. Measurements were taken as part of the first year of NASA's "Deriving Information on Surface Conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality" (DISCOVER-AQ) Earth Venture campaign and as part of NASA's Geostationary for Coastal and Air Pollution Events Chesapeake Bay Oceanographic campaign with DISCOVER-AQ (Geo-CAPE CBODAQ). Geo-CAPE CBODAQ complements DISCOVER-AQ by providing ship-based observations over the Chesapeake Bay. A major goal of DISCOVER-AQ is determining the relative roles of sources, photochemistry and local meteorology during air quality events in the Mid-Atlantic region of the U.S. Surface characteristics, transport and vertical structures of O3 during bay breezes were identified using in-situ surface, balloon and aircraft data, along with remote sensing equipment. Localized late day peaks in O3 were observed during bay breeze days, maximizing an average of 3 h later compared to days without bay breezes. Of the 10 days of July 2011 that violated the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 8 h O3 standard of 75 parts per billion by volume (ppbv) at Edgewood, eight exhibited evidence of a bay breeze circulation. The results indicate that while bay breezes and the processes associated with them are not necessary to cause exceedances in this area, bay breezes exacerbate poor air quality that sustains into the late evening hours at Edgewood. The vertical and horizontal distributions of O3 from the coastal Edgewood area to the bay also show large gradients that are often determined by boundary layer stability. Thus, developing air quality models that can sufficiently resolve these dynamics and associated chemistry, along with more consistent monitoring of O3 and meteorology on and along the complex coastline of Chesapeake Bay must be a high priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Stauffer
- Department of Meteorology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Anne M. Thompson
- Department of Meteorology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Douglas K. Martins
- Department of Meteorology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Richard D. Clark
- Department of Earth Sciences, Millersville University, Millersville, PA 17551 USA
| | - Daniel L. Goldberg
- Department of Atmospheric and Ocean Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Christopher P. Loughner
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
| | - Ruben Delgado
- Joint Center of Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland-Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA
| | - Russell R. Dickerson
- Department of Atmospheric and Ocean Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Jeffrey W. Stehr
- Department of Atmospheric and Ocean Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Maria A. Tzortziou
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
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Stauffer RM, Thompson AM. Bay breeze climatology at two sites along the Chesapeake bay from 1986-2010: Implications for surface ozone. JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY 2015; 72:355-372. [PMID: 26692595 PMCID: PMC4665746 DOI: 10.1007/s10874-013-9260-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Hourly surface meteorological measurements were coupled with surface ozone (O3) mixing ratio measurements at Hampton, Virginia and Baltimore, Maryland, two sites along the Chesapeake Bay in the Mid-Atlantic United States, to examine the behavior of surface O3 during bay breeze events and quantify the impact of the bay breeze on local O3 pollution. Analyses were performed for the months of May through September for the years 1986 to 2010. The years were split into three groups to account for increasingly stringent environmental regulations that reduced regional emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx): 1986-1994, 1995-2002, and 2003-2010. Each day in the 25-year record was marked either as a bay breeze day, a non-bay breeze day, or a rainy/cloudy day based on the meteorological data. Mean eight hour (8-h) averaged surface O3 values during bay breeze events were 3 to 5 parts per billion by volume (ppbv) higher at Hampton and Baltimore than on non-bay breeze days in all year periods. Anomalies from mean surface O3 were highest in the afternoon at both sites during bay breeze days in the 2003-2010 study period. In conjunction with an overall lowering of baseline O3 after the 1995-2002 period, the percentage of total exceedances of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 75 ppbv 8-h O3 standard that occurred on bay breeze days increased at Hampton for 2003-2010, while remaining steady at Baltimore. These results suggest that bay breeze circulations are becoming more important to causing exceedance events at particular sites in the region, and support the hypothesis of Martins et al. (2012) that highly localized meteorology increasingly drives air quality events at Hampton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Stauffer
- Department of Meteorology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Anne M. Thompson
- Department of Meteorology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
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Seasonal and Diurnal Variations of Total Gaseous Mercury in Urban Houston, TX, USA. ATMOSPHERE 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos5020399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Kolling JS, Pleim JE, Jeffries HE, Vizuete W. A multisensor evaluation of the asymmetric convective model, version 2, in southeast Texas. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2013; 63:41-53. [PMID: 23447863 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2012.732019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED There currently exist a number of planetary boundary layer (PBL) schemes that can represent the effects of turbulence in daytime convective conditions, although these schemes remain a large source of uncertainty in meteorology and air quality model simulations. This study evaluates a recently developed combined local and nonlocal closure PBL scheme, the Asymmetric Convective Model, version 2 (ACM2), against PBL observations taken from radar wind profilers, a ground-based lidar, and multiple daytime radiosonde balloon launches. These observations were compared against predictions of PBLs from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model version 3.1 with the ACM2 PBL scheme option, and the Fifth-Generation Meteorological Model (MM5) version 3.7.3 with the Eta PBL scheme option that is currently being used to develop ozone control strategies in southeast Texas. MM5 and WRF predictions during the regulatory modeling episode were evaluated on their ability to predict the rise and fall of the PBL during daytime convective conditions across southeastern Texas. The MM5 predicted PBLs consistently underpredicted observations, and were also less than the WRF PBL predictions. The analysis reveals that the MM5 predicted a slower rising and shallower PBL not representative of the daytime urban boundary layer. Alternatively, the WRF model predicted a more accurate PBL evolution improving the root mean square error (RMSE), both temporally and spatially. The WRF model also more accurately predicted vertical profiles of temperature and moisture in the lowest 3 km of the atmosphere. Inspection of median surface temperature and moisture time-series plots revealed higher predicted surface temperatures in WRF and more surface moisture in MM5. These could not be attributed to surface heat fluxes, and thus the differences in performance of the WRF and MM5 models are likely due to the PBL schemes. IMPLICATIONS An accurate depiction of the diurnal evolution of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) is necessary for realistic air quality simulations, and for formulating effective policy. The meteorological model used to support the southeast Texas 03 attainment demonstration made predictions of the PBL that were consistently less than those found in observations. The use of the Asymmetric Convective Model, version 2 (ACM2), predicted taller PBL heights and improved model predictions. A lower predicted PBL height in an air quality model would increase precursor concentrations and change the chemical production of O3 and possibly the response to control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna S Kolling
- University of North Carolina, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Masiol M, Centanni E, Squizzato S, Hofer A, Pecorari E, Rampazzo G, Pavoni B. GC-MS analyses and chemometric processing to discriminate the local and long-distance sources of PAHs associated to atmospheric PM2.5. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 19:3142-3151. [PMID: 22875425 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-0858-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study presents a procedure to differentiate the local and remote sources of particulate-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). METHODS Data were collected during an extended PM(2.5) sampling campaign (2009-2010) carried out for 1 year in Venice-Mestre, Italy, at three stations with different emissive scenarios: urban, industrial, and semirural background. Diagnostic ratios and factor analysis were initially applied to point out the most probable sources. In a second step, the areal distribution of the identified sources was studied by applying the discriminant analysis on factor scores. Third, samples collected in days with similar atmospheric circulation patterns were grouped using a cluster analysis on wind data. Local contributions to PM(2.5) and PAHs were then assessed by interpreting cluster results with chemical data. RESULTS Results evidenced that significantly lower levels of PM(2.5) and PAHs were found when faster winds changed air masses, whereas in presence of scarce ventilation, locally emitted pollutants were trapped and concentrations increased. This way, an estimation of pollutant loads due to local sources can be derived from data collected in days with similar wind patterns. Long-range contributions were detected by a cluster analysis on the air mass back-trajectories. Results revealed that PM(2.5) concentrations were relatively high when air masses had passed over the Po Valley. However, external sources do not significantly contribute to the PAHs load. CONCLUSIONS The proposed procedure can be applied to other environments with minor modifications, and the obtained information can be useful to design local and national air pollution control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Masiol
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari, Dorsoduro 2137, 30123 Venezia, Italy
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Martins DK, Stauffer RM, Thompson AM, Knepp TN, Pippin M. Surface ozone at a coastal suburban site in 2009 and 2010: Relationships to chemical and meteorological processes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Zhu X, Jia C. Apportioning variability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and chlordanes in indoor and outdoor environments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 14:1926-34. [DOI: 10.1039/c2em30127j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Schade GW, Khan S, Park C, Boedeker I. Rural southeast Texas air quality measurements during the 2006 Texas Air Quality Study. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2011; 61:1070-1081. [PMID: 22070040 DOI: 10.1080/10473289.2011.608621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The authors conducted air quality measurements of the criteria pollutants carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and ozone together with meteorological measurements at a park site southeast of College Station, TX, during the 2006 Texas Air Quality Study II (TexAQS). Ozone, a primary focus of the measurements, was above 80 ppb during 3 days and above 75 ppb during additional 8 days in summer 2006, suggestive of possible violations of the ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) in this area. In concordance with other air quality measurements during the TexAQS II, elevated ozone mixing ratios coincided with northerly flows during days after cold front passages. Ozone background during these days was as high as 80 ppb, whereas southerly air flows generally provided for an ozone background lower than 40 ppb. Back trajectory analysis shows that local ozone mixing ratios can also be strongly affected by the Houston urban pollution plume, leading to late afternoon ozone increases of as high as 50 ppb above background under favorable transport conditions. The trajectory analysis also shows that ozone background increases steadily the longer a southern air mass resides over Texas after entering from the Gulf of Mexico. In light of these and other TexAQS findings, it appears that ozone air quality is affected throughout east Texas by both long-range and regional ozone transport, and that improvements therefore will require at least a regionally oriented instead of the current locally oriented ozone precursor reduction policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar W Schade
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
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Xiao X, Cohan DS, Byun DW, Ngan F. Highly nonlinear ozone formation in the Houston region and implications for emission controls. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Senff CJ, Alvarez RJ, Hardesty RM, Banta RM, Langford AO. Airborne lidar measurements of ozone flux downwind of Houston and Dallas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Zhang Y, Pan Y, Wang K, Fast JD, Grell GA. WRF/Chem-MADRID: Incorporation of an aerosol module into WRF/Chem and its initial application to the TexAQS2000 episode. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Langford AO, Tucker SC, Senff CJ, Banta RM, Brewer WA, Alvarez RJ, Hardesty RM, Lerner BM, Williams EJ. Convective venting and surface ozone in Houston during TexAQS 2006. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Tucker SC, Banta RM, Langford AO, Senff CJ, Brewer WA, Williams EJ, Lerner BM, Osthoff HD, Hardesty RM. Relationships of coastal nocturnal boundary layer winds and turbulence to Houston ozone concentrations during TexAQS 2006. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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McMillan WW, Pierce RB, Sparling LC, Osterman G, McCann K, Fischer ML, Rappenglück B, Newsom R, Turner D, Kittaka C, Evans K, Biraud S, Lefer B, Andrews A, Oltmans S. An observational and modeling strategy to investigate the impact of remote sources on local air quality: A Houston, Texas, case study from the Second Texas Air Quality Study (TexAQS II). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd011973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wilczak JM, Djalalova I, McKeen S, Bianco L, Bao JW, Grell G, Peckham S, Mathur R, McQueen J, Lee P. Analysis of regional meteorology and surface ozone during the TexAQS II field program and an evaluation of the NMM-CMAQ and WRF-Chem air quality models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd011675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Parrish DD, Allen DT, Bates TS, Estes M, Fehsenfeld FC, Feingold G, Ferrare R, Hardesty RM, Meagher JF, Nielsen-Gammon JW, Pierce RB, Ryerson TB, Seinfeld JH, Williams EJ. Overview of the Second Texas Air Quality Study (TexAQS II) and the Gulf of Mexico Atmospheric Composition and Climate Study (GoMACCS). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd011842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Langford AO, Senff CJ, Banta RM, Hardesty RM, Alvarez RJ, Sandberg SP, Darby LS. Regional and local background ozone in Houston during Texas Air Quality Study 2006. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd011687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Pierce RB, Al-Saadi J, Kittaka C, Schaack T, Lenzen A, Bowman K, Szykman J, Soja A, Ryerson T, Thompson AM, Bhartia P, Morris GA. Impacts of background ozone production on Houston and Dallas, Texas, air quality during the Second Texas Air Quality Study field mission. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd011337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Neuman JA, Nowak JB, Zheng W, Flocke F, Ryerson TB, Trainer M, Holloway JS, Parrish DD, Frost GJ, Peischl J, Atlas EL, Bahreini R, Wollny AG, Fehsenfeld FC. Relationship between photochemical ozone production and NOxoxidation in Houston, Texas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd011688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Huth R, Beck C, Philipp A, Demuzere M, Ustrnul Z, Cahynová M, Kyselý J, Tveito OE. Classifications of atmospheric circulation patterns: recent advances and applications. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008; 1146:105-52. [PMID: 19076414 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1446.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We review recent advances in classifications of circulation patterns as a specific research area within synoptic climatology. The review starts with a general description of goals of classification and the historical development in the field. We put circulation classifications into a broader context within climatology and systematize the varied methodologies and approaches. We characterize three basic groups of classifications: subjective (also called manual), mixed (hybrid), and objective (computer-assisted, automated). The roles of cluster analysis and principal component analysis in the classification process are clarified. Several recent methodological developments in circulation classifications are identified and briefly described: the introduction of nonlinear methods, objectivization of subjective catalogs, efforts to optimize classifications, the need for intercomparisons of classifications, and the progress toward an optimum, if possible unified, classification method. Among the recent tendencies in the applications of circulation classifications, we mention a more extensive use in climate studies, both of past, present, and future climates, innovative applications in the ensemble forecasting, increasing variety of synoptic-climatological investigations, and steps above from the troposphere. After introducing the international activity within the field of circulation classifications, the COST733 Action, we briefly describe outputs of the inventory of classifications in Europe, which was carried out within the Action. Approaches to the evaluation of classifications and their mutual comparisons are also reviewed. A considerable part of the review is devoted to three examples of applications of circulation classifications: in historical climatology, in analyses of recent climate variations, and in analyses of outputs from global climate models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radan Huth
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Rappenglück B, Perna R, Zhong S, Morris GA. An analysis of the vertical structure of the atmosphere and the upper-level meteorology and their impact on surface ozone levels in Houston, Texas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Semenza JC, Wilson DJ, Parra J, Bontempo BD, Hart M, Sailor DJ, George LA. Public perception and behavior change in relationship to hot weather and air pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2008; 107:401-11. [PMID: 18466894 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2008.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2007] [Revised: 03/07/2008] [Accepted: 03/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in climate systems are increasing heat wave frequency and air stagnation, both conditions associated with exacerbating poor air quality and of considerable public health concern. OBJECTIVES Heat and air pollution advisory systems are in place in many cities for early detection and response to reduce health consequences, or severity of adverse conditions. Whereas the ability to forecast heat waves and/or air pollution episodes has become increasingly sophisticated and accurate, little is known about the effectiveness of advisories in altering public behavior. METHODS Air quality and meteorological conditions were measured during advisory and control days in Portland, OR and Houston, TX in 2005 and 2006 and 1962 subjects were interviewed by telephone about their perception and response to these conditions. RESULTS Elevated ambient temperatures were accurately recognized regardless of air conditioning use; in Portland, respondents resorted to active cooling behavior (AC, fan, etc.), while in Houston no such change was observed. More heat-related symptoms were reported in Portland compared to Houston, probably due to low air conditioning use in the northwest. One-third of study participants were aware of air quality advisories but only approximately 10-15% claimed to have changed activities during such an episode. Not the advisory, however, drove their behavior change, but rather the perception of poor air quality, which was not related to PM(2.5) or ozone measurements. CONCLUSIONS Messages are not reaching the public during potentially hazardous weather and air quality conditions. Climatic forecasts are increasingly predictive but public agencies fail to mount an appropriate outreach response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan C Semenza
- School of Community Health, Portland State University, P.O. Box 751, Portland, OR 97207-0751, USA.
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Darby LS, McKeen SA, Senff CJ, White AB, Banta RM, Post MJ, Brewer WA, Marchbanks R, Alvarez RJ, Peckham SE, Mao H, Talbot R. Ozone differences between near-coastal and offshore sites in New England: Role of meteorology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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Zhong S, In H, Clements C. Impact of turbulence, land surface, and radiation parameterizations on simulated boundary layer properties in a coastal environment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyuan Zhong
- Department of Geography Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
| | - Heejin In
- Department of Geosciences University of Houston Houston Texas USA
| | - Craig Clements
- Department of Geosciences University of Houston Houston Texas USA
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White AB, Darby LS, Senff CJ, King CW, Banta RM, Koermer J, Wilczak JM, Neiman PJ, Angevine WM, Talbot R. Comparing the impact of meteorological variability on surface ozone during the NEAQS (2002) and ICARTT (2004) field campaigns. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. B. White
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - L. S. Darby
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - C. J. Senff
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - C. W. King
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - R. M. Banta
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. Koermer
- Chemical, Earth, Atmospheric and Physical Sciences Department; Plymouth State University; Plymouth New Hampshire USA
| | - J. M. Wilczak
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - P. J. Neiman
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - W. M. Angevine
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - R. Talbot
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
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35
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Zhang F, Bei N, Nielsen-Gammon JW, Li G, Zhang R, Stuart A, Aksoy A. Impacts of meteorological uncertainties on ozone pollution predictability estimated through meteorological and photochemical ensemble forecasts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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