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Díaz-Torres O, Los Cobos EOVD, Kreft JU, Loge FJ, Díaz-Vázquez D, Mahlknecht J, Gradilla-Hernández MS, Senés-Guerrero C. A metagenomic study of antibiotic resistance genes in a hypereutrophic subtropical lake contaminated by anthropogenic sources. Sci Total Environ 2024; 927:172216. [PMID: 38583614 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are a major threat to human and environmental health. This study investigated the occurrence and distribution of ARGs in Lake Cajititlán, a hypereutrophic subtropical lake in Mexico contaminated by anthropogenic sources (urban wastewater and runoff from crop and livestock production). ARGs (a total of 475 genes) were detected in 22 bacterial genera, with Pseudomonas (144 genes), Stenotrophomonas (88 genes), Mycobacterium (54 genes), and Rhodococcus (27 genes) displaying the highest frequencies of ARGs. Among these, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia showed the highest number of ARGs. The results revealed a diverse array of ARGs, including resistance to macrolides (11.55 %), aminoglycosides (8.22 %), glycopeptides (6.22 %), tetracyclines (4 %), sulfonamides (4 %), carbapenems (1.11 %), phenicols (0.88 %), fluoroquinolones (0.44 %), and lincosamides (0.22 %). The most frequently observed ARGs were associated with multidrug resistance (63.33 %), with MexF (42 genes), MexW (36 genes), smeD (31 genes), mtrA (25 genes), and KHM-1 (22 genes) being the most common. Lake Cajititlán is a recreational area for swimming, fishing, and boating, while also supporting irrigation for agriculture and potentially acting as a drinking water source for some communities. This raises concerns about the potential for exposure to antibiotic-resistant bacteria through these activities. The presence of ARGs in Lake Cajititlán poses a significant threat to both human and environmental health. Developing strategies to mitigate the risks of antibiotic resistance, including improving wastewater treatment, and promoting strategic antibiotic use and disposal, is crucial. This study represents a significant advancement in the understanding of antibiotic resistance dynamics in a hypereutrophic subtropical lake in a developing country, providing valuable insights for the scientific community and policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osiris Díaz-Torres
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Laboratorio de Sostenibilidad y Cambio Climático, Av. General Ramon Corona 2514, Nuevo México, Zapopan, CP, 45138 Jalisco, México.
| | - Eric Oswaldo Valencia-de Los Cobos
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Laboratorio de Sostenibilidad y Cambio Climático, Av. General Ramon Corona 2514, Nuevo México, Zapopan, CP, 45138 Jalisco, México
| | - Jan-Ulrich Kreft
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection & School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Frank J Loge
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey, N.L. 64849, Mexico
| | - Diego Díaz-Vázquez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Laboratorio de Sostenibilidad y Cambio Climático, Av. General Ramon Corona 2514, Nuevo México, Zapopan, CP, 45138 Jalisco, México
| | - Jürgen Mahlknecht
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey, N.L. 64849, Mexico
| | - Misael Sebastián Gradilla-Hernández
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Laboratorio de Sostenibilidad y Cambio Climático, Av. General Ramon Corona 2514, Nuevo México, Zapopan, CP, 45138 Jalisco, México.
| | - Carolina Senés-Guerrero
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Laboratorio de Sostenibilidad y Cambio Climático, Av. General Ramon Corona 2514, Nuevo México, Zapopan, CP, 45138 Jalisco, México.
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Cheng Y, Peng Y, Cao LM, Huang XF, He LY. Identifying the geospatial relationship of surface ozone pollution in China: Implications for key pollution control regions. Sci Total Environ 2024:172763. [PMID: 38670373 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Surface ozone pollution, as a pressing environmental concern, has garnered widespread attention across China. Due to air mass transport, effective control of ozone pollution is highly dependent on collaborative efforts across neighboring regions. However, specific regions with strong internal interactions of ozone pollution are not yet well identified. Here, we introduced the Geospatial SHapley Additive exPlanation (GeoSHAP) approach, which primarily involves machine learning and geostatistical algorithms. Based on extensive atmospheric environmental monitoring data from 2017 to 2021, machine learning models were employed to train and predict ozone concentrations at the target location. The R2 values on the test sets of different scale regions all reached 0.98 in the overall condition, indicating that the core model has good accuracy and generalization ability. The results highlight key regions with high ozone geospatial relationship (OGR) index, predominantly located in the Northern District (ND), spanning the Fen-Wei Plain, the Loess Plateau, and the North China Plain, as well as within portions of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and the Pearl River Delta (PRD). Further investigation indicated that high geospatial relationships stem from a synergy between anthropogenic and natural factors, with anthropogenic factors serving as a pivotal element. This study revealed key regions with the most urgent need for joint control of anthropogenic sources to mitigate ozone pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cheng
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Observation Supersite, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Observation Supersite, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Li-Ming Cao
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Observation Supersite, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Huang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Observation Supersite, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Ling-Yan He
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Observation Supersite, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Ai X, Hu C, Yang Y, Zhang L, Liu H, Zhang J, Chen X, Bai G, Xiao W. Quantification of Central and Eastern China's atmospheric CH 4 enhancement changes and its contributions based on machine learning approach. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 138:236-248. [PMID: 38135392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Methane is the second largest anthropogenic greenhouse gas, and changes in atmospheric methane concentrations can reflect the dynamic balance between its emissions and sinks. Therefore, the monitoring of CH4 concentration changes and the assessment of underlying driving factors can provide scientific basis for the government's policy making and evaluation. China is the world's largest emitter of anthropogenic methane. However, due to the lack of ground-based observation sites, little work has been done on the spatial-temporal variations for the past decades and influencing factors in China, especially for areas with high anthropogenic emissions as Central and Eastern China. Here to quantify atmospheric CH4 enhancements trends and its driving factors in Central and Eastern China, we combined the most up-to-date TROPOMI satellite-based column CH4 (xCH4) concentration from 2018 to 2022, anthropogenic and natural emissions, and a random forest-based machine learning approach, to simulate atmospheric xCH4 enhancements from 2001 to 2018. The results showed that (1) the random forest model was able to accurately establish the relationship between emission sources and xCH4 enhancement with a correlation coefficient (R²) of 0.89 and a root mean-square error (RMSE) of 11.98 ppb; (2)The xCH4 enhancement only increased from 48.21±2.02 ppb to 49.79±1.87 ppb from the year of 2001 to 2018, with a relative change of 3.27%±0.13%; (3) The simulation results showed that the energy activities and waste treatment were the main contributors to the increase in xCH4 enhancement, contributing 68.00% and 31.21%, respectively, and the decrease of animal ruminants contributed -6.70% of its enhancement trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Ai
- College of Biology and the Environment, Joint Center for sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Cheng Hu
- College of Biology and the Environment, Joint Center for sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Yanrong Yang
- College of Biology and the Environment, Joint Center for sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Leying Zhang
- College of Biology and the Environment, Joint Center for sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Huili Liu
- College of Biology and the Environment, Joint Center for sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Junqing Zhang
- College of Biology and the Environment, Joint Center for sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Guang'an Vocational & Technical College, Guangan 638550, China
| | - Guoqiang Bai
- HuaNan Meteorological Administration, Huanan 154400, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
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Duan L, Yu H, Wang Q, Wang F, Lin T, Cao Y, Guo Z. A comprehensive exploration of characteristics and source attribution of carbonaceous aerosols in PM 2.5 in an East China megacity. Environ Pollut 2024; 343:123239. [PMID: 38154782 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
A total of 84 PM2.5 (fine particulate matter) aerosol samples were collected between October 2020 and August 2021 within an urban site in Hangzhou, an East China megacity. Chemical species, such as organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), as well as char, soot, and n-alkanes, were analyzed to determine their pollution characteristics and source contributions. The mean yearly concentrations of OC, EC, char, soot, and total n-alkanes (∑n-alkane) were 8.76 ± 3.61 μg/m3, 1.44 ± 0.76 μg/m3, 1.21 ± 0.69 μg/m3, 0.3 ± 0.1 μg/m3, and 24.2 ± 10.6 ng/m3. The OC, EC, and ∑n-alkanes were found in the highest levels during winter and lowest during summer. There were strong correlations between OC and EC in both winter and spring, suggesting similar potential sources for these carbonaceous components in both seasons. There were poor correlations among the target pollutants due to summertime secondary organic carbon formation. Potential source contribution functions analysis showed that local pollution levels in winter and autumn were likely influenced by long-range transportation from the Plain of North China. Source index and positive matrix factorization models provided insights into the complex sources of n-alkanes in Hangzhou. Their major contributors were identified as terrestrial plant releases (32.7%), traffic emissions (28.8%), coal combustion (27.3%), and microbial activity (11.2%). Thus, controlling vehicular emissions and coal burning could be key measures to alleviate n-alkane concentrations in the atmosphere of Hangzhou, as well as other Chinese urban centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Duan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Huimin Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Qiongzhen Wang
- Environmental Science Research & Design Institute of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310007, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Fengwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Tian Lin
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yibo Cao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai, 200062, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Land and Sea Ecological Governance and Systematic Regulation, Shandong Academy for Environmental Planning, Jinan, 250101, China.
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Musiyiwa K, Simbanegavi TT, Marumure J, Makuvara Z, Chaukura N, Gwenzi W. The soil-microbe-plant resistome: A focus on the source-pathway-receptor continuum. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:12666-12682. [PMID: 38253827 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31788-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The One World, One Health concept implies that antibiotic resistance (AR) in the soil-microbe-plant resistome is intricately linked to the human resistome. However, the literature is mainly confined to sources and types of AR in soils or microbes, but comprehensive reviews tracking AR in the soil-microbe-plant resistome are limited. The present review applies the source-pathway-receptor concept to understand the sources, behaviour, and health hazards of the soil-microbe-plant resistome. The results showed that the soil-microbe-plant system harbours various antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs), antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), and mobile genetic elements (MGEs). Anthropogenic sources and drivers include soil application of solid waste, wastewater, biosolids, and industrial waste. Water-, wind-, and human-driven processes and horizontal gene transfer circulate AR in the soil-microbe-plant resistome. The AR in bulk soil, soil components that include soil microorganisms, soil meso- and macro-organisms, and possible mechanisms of AR transfer to soil components and ultimately to plants are discussed. The health risks of the soil-microbe-plant resistome are less studied, but potential impacts include (1) the transfer of AR to previously susceptible organisms and other resistomes, including the human resistome. Overall, the study tracks the behaviour and health risks of AR in the soil-plant system. Future research should focus on (1) ecological risks of AR at different levels of biological organization, (2) partitioning of AR among various phases of the soil-plant system, (3) physico-chemical parameters controlling the fate of AR, and (4) increasing research from low-income regions particularly Africa as most of the available literature is from developed countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumbirai Musiyiwa
- Department of Crop Science and Post-Harvest Technology, School of Agricultural Science and Technology, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Private Bag 7724, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe
| | - Tinoziva T Simbanegavi
- Department of Soil Science and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Environment, and Food Systems, University of Zimbabwe, Mt. Pleasant, P.O. Box MP167, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Jerikias Marumure
- Department of Physics, Geography and Environmental Science, School of Natural Sciences, Great Zimbabwe University, P.O. Box 1235, Masvingo, Zimbabwe
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Zakio Makuvara
- Department of Physics, Geography and Environmental Science, School of Natural Sciences, Great Zimbabwe University, P.O. Box 1235, Masvingo, Zimbabwe
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Nhamo Chaukura
- Department of Physical and Earth Sciences, Sol Plaatje University, Kimberley, 8301, South Africa
| | - Willis Gwenzi
- Grassland Science and Renewable Plant Resources, Universitat Kassel, Steinstraβe 19, 37213, Witzenhausen, Germany.
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Xu CQ, Hu JJ, Zhang Z, Zhang XM, Wang WB, Cui ZN. Quantifying the contributions of natural and anthropogenic dust sources in Shanxi Province, northern China. Chemosphere 2023; 344:140280. [PMID: 37758087 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Dust storms have direct or indirect impacts on climate change and human health. Identifying and quantifying natural/anthropogenic dust sources can facilitate effective prevention and control of dust events. Based on surface real-time PM10 monitoring data, satellite remote sensing and the HYSPLIT model, this study determined the specific timing, coverage and sources of dust events in Shanxi Province, Northern China. Thus, a composite fingerprinting technique was established to quantify potential dust sources and dust contributions of single dust events. The dust oxidation model was validated, indicating that the composite fingerprinting technique was well suited to the study region. The results show that natural dust sources (67%) contributed more to the study region than anthropogenic dust sources. They were mainly from the northwest and north of the study region. Particularly, the contributions of Taiyuan (TY) and Linfen (LF) accounted for the largest (82%) and smallest (55%) proportions, respectively, both exceeding 50%. Anthropogenic dust sources contributed 33%, mainly from the east and south of the study region. The contribution of anthropogenic dust sources increased in the study region from north to south. In terms of potential dust sources, the Tengger Desert and Badain Jaran Desert (TDBD) contributed the most (26%), followed by the Otindag Sandy Land (OL) (22%). The Taklimakan Desert (TD) contributed the least (2%). The Middle Farmland region of the Hexi Corridor (HMF) in the west (15%) had the largest proportion of anthropogenic dust sources. Differences in the regional contribution of potential dust sources mainly resulted from winter winds, surface drought severity and particle size. At an insignificant distance from the study region, the contribution of potential dust sources was larger in the west than in the east and increased from south to north overall. These methods and findings can contribute to improving the ecological environment in Northern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Q Xu
- College of Geographical Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030031, China; Institute of Desert Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Taklimakan National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Desert Meteorology, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Meteorology and Sandstorm, Taklimakan Desert Meteorology Field Experiment Station, Field Scientific Experiment Base of Akdala Atmospheric Background, Urumqi, 830002, China.
| | - J J Hu
- College of Geographical Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Z Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, YuZhang Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - X M Zhang
- Institute of Ecological Civilization, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - W B Wang
- Elion Resources Group Co., Ltd, NO.15 Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Z N Cui
- Elion Resources Group Co., Ltd, NO.15 Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100026, China
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Xie L, Li P, Mu D. Spatial distribution, source apportionment and potential ecological risk assessment of trace metals in surface soils in the upstream region of the Guanzhong Basin, China. Environ Res 2023; 234:116527. [PMID: 37394166 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The health of ecosystems and safety of agricultural products are correlated with trace metal pollutionin in the soil, which eventually affects mankind. For this research, topsoil (0-20 cm) was sampled from 51 locations in the upstream area of the Guanzhong Basin to determine the level of pollution, spatial distribution characteristics and origins of 15 trace metals (V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Cd, Pb). The pollution index and potential ecological risk index were adopted for the accurate analyses of contamination degree and ecological risk that trace elements cause. The identification of potential sources of trace metals pollution was carried out using the APCS-MLR model and multivariate statistical analysis. Findings demonstrated that the most contaminated elements in the topsoil of the designated areas were Cr, Cu, Cd and Pb, and the average levels of all trace metal elements exceeded their respective local background values. However, most of the sampling points showed slight pollution, and a few demonstrated moderate and severe pollution. The southern, south-western and eastern parts in the research zone were relatively seriously contaminated, especially near Baoji City and Wugong County. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni, Se were mainly caused by combination of agricultural and industrial production, the primary sources of Mn, Y, and Zr were the process of mining and industrial production, Cd and Pb originated mainly from traffic emission and agricultural pollution, and Cr mainly came from mining and metal smelting processes. Meanwhlie, some unknown pollution sources were also disclosed. This study has a reliable reference value for determining the source of trace metals in this region. To further determine the pollution sources of trace elements, long-term monitoring and management is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Xie
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of the Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peiyue Li
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of the Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Dawei Mu
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of the Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
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Zheng K, Li Y, Wang N, Zhou Y, Li Z. Pollution revealed by stable lead isotopes in recent snow from the northern and central Tibetan Plateau. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 263:115296. [PMID: 37517310 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) isotopes are less fractionated than those from different sources, and thus were used to trace the sources of Pb in the environment. To investigate the sources of Pb in the atmosphere of the Tibetan Plateau, stable Pb isotopes (206Pb, 207Pb and 208Pb) in acidified snow pit samples collected from five glaciers (i.e., Qiyi-QY, Meikuang-MK, Yuzhufeng-YZF, Hariqin-HRQ and Xiaodongkemadi-XDKMD) in May 2016 of the northern and central Tibetan Plateau were measured. The results showed narrow ranges of 1.158-1.187 for 206Pb/207Pb and 2.450-2.489 for 208Pb/207Pb respectively. The 206Pb/207Pb ratios in all samples were obviously lower than the environmental background value of 1.196, indicating the primary contributions of anthropogenic sources. At least 60% of Pb was contributed by various human activities, which was supported by the Pb isotopes in the snow pit samples from the QY, MK, YZF, HRQ and XDKMD glaciers. By comparing Pb isotope data, we found that the primary anthropogenic sources are coal combustion, mining and smelting activities in northwestern China and mixed emissions from cities located in western China and close to the glaciers. These sources contributed to the Pb in the northern glaciers (QY and MK) in particular. Coal combustion in India probably contributes to the central glaciers (HRQ and XDKMD). Another potential source could be parts of central Asia (e.g., Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan) through long range transport. The above potential source areas of contaminants were traced further by the air mass back-trajectory tracing method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Zheng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Xi'an 710127, China; College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Yuefang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Ninglian Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Xi'an 710127, China; College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China; Institute of Earth Surface System and Hazards, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China; State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibet Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Youhao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Al-Hamad AA, Ghrefat H, Howari F, Khawaja MAA, Zoubi A. Assessment of roadside pollution by heavy metals: A case study from the District of Bani Kinanah, Irbid, Northern Jordan. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:1076. [PMID: 37615773 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11729-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The District of Bani Kenanah is home to natural reserves, forests, local agricultural practices, and a multitude of historical and cultural sites. The majority of the population in the study area is employed in the agricultural sector, which is dominated by olive tree cultivation and the production of premium olive oil. The current study aimed to assess the degree of roadside soil pollution and predict the potential ecological impacts of Pb, Cd, Zn, Cr, Ni, Mn, Cu, Fe, and Co. Therefore, 30 soil samples were collected and analyzed with a Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer for the aforementioned metals. The spatial distribution maps of these metals were generated by inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation in ArcGIS 10.3. The values of heavy metals (HMs) in the study were lower than the international standards for soil quality. The soil was classified as moderately to substantially enriched with Cd, Pb, and Zn based on the EF values. However, the indices of geo-accumulation (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), and potential ecological risk (RI) generally revealed minor metallic contamination. The traffic and agricultural activities were the potential sources of Cd, Pb, and Zn in the study area. Incorporating HMs analysis with GIS maps was beneficial for assessing soil pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer A Al-Hamad
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Geoinformatics, Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Habes Ghrefat
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Geoinformatics, Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.
| | - Fares Howari
- College of Arts and Sciences, Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA, USA
| | - Muhammad Abd-Alrahman Khawaja
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Geoinformatics, Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Abeer Zoubi
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Geoinformatics, Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
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10
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Sepúlveda CH, Sotelo-Gonzalez MI, Osuna-Martínez CC, Frías-Espericueta MG, Sánchez-Cárdenas R, Bergés-Tiznado ME, Góngora-Gómez AM, García-Ulloa M. Biomonitoring of potentially toxic elements through oysters (Saccostrea palmula and Crassostrea corteziensis) from coastal lagoons of Southeast Gulf of California, Mexico: health risk assessment. Environ Geochem Health 2023; 45:2329-2348. [PMID: 35953735 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01347-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The coastal lagoons of the Gulf of California support important traditional fisheries and mollusc cultures (generally oysters) and receive important volumes of agricultural, industrial and urban effluents, consumption of the oysters could pose risk to human health. The concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in the oysters Saccostrea palmula and Crassostrea corteziensis, from four coastal lagoons (Altata, AL; Macapule, ML; Navachiste, NL; El Colorado, ECL) in the Southeast Gulf of California, were seasonally evaluated (summer 2019-spring 2020). The order of magnitude of potentially toxic elements concentrations in the soft tissue in both oyster species and at all sites was Zn > Fe > Cu > As > Cd > Pb. Cadmium, Cu, Pb, and Zn exceeded the maximum permissible limits in more than one sampling site. The highest concentrations (mg kg-1, wet weight) of As (4.2 ± 1.1, spring) and Cd (3.3 ± 0.7, autumn) were registered in S. palmula et al. and NL sampling sites, respectively. Crassostrea corteziensis presented higher levels of Cu (40.5 ± 6.7, spring), Pb (2.0 ± 0.4, spring), and Zn (96.9 ± 20.4, spring) in ECL and Fe (62.2 ± 25.4, autumn) in ML. The hazard quotient (HQ) values exceeded the safe level of 1 for Cd in S. palmula and C. corteziensis in NL for children (~ 16 kg weight). In addition, in children, the hazard index (HI) values in both species of oysters ranged from 0.7 to 2.1 and 0.6 to 1.9, respectively. On the other hand, the intake of the studied elements through the consumption of oysters would not induce adverse effects to human health (men and women weighing 70 and 60 kg, respectively); HQ and HI values were < 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Humberto Sepúlveda
- Doctorado en Ciencias en Recursos Acuáticos, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa. Avenida de los Deportes S/N Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 82017, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Maria Isabel Sotelo-Gonzalez
- Doctorado en Ciencias en Recursos Acuáticos, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa. Avenida de los Deportes S/N Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 82017, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Carmen Cristina Osuna-Martínez
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa. Paseo Claussen S/N Col. Los Pinos, C.P. 82000, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Martín Gabriel Frías-Espericueta
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa. Paseo Claussen S/N Col. Los Pinos, C.P. 82000, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Rebeca Sánchez-Cárdenas
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa. Paseo Claussen S/N Col. Los Pinos, C.P. 82000, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Magdalena Elizabeth Bergés-Tiznado
- Ingeniería en Tecnología Ambiental, Universidad Politécnica de Sinaloa. Carretera Municipal Libre Mazatlán-Higueras Km. 3, C.P. 82199, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Andrés Martín Góngora-Gómez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional, Unidad Sinaloa, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Blvd. Juan de Dios Bátiz Paredes, No. 250, Col. San Joachin, C.P. 81101, Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Manuel García-Ulloa
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional, Unidad Sinaloa, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Blvd. Juan de Dios Bátiz Paredes, No. 250, Col. San Joachin, C.P. 81101, Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico.
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11
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Lima LHV, do Nascimento CWA, da Silva FBV, Araújo PRM. Baseline concentrations, source apportionment, and probabilistic risk assessment of heavy metals in urban street dust in Northeast Brazil. Sci Total Environ 2023; 858:159750. [PMID: 36309279 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution by accelerating urbanization is an emerging socio-environmental issue that poses a potential risk to human health and the environment. In this scenario, street dust is a primary source of contaminants. Here, the metal concentrations in street dust of one of the biggest Brazilian cities were assessed aiming to identify and quantify the sources of contamination. The metal bioaccessibility and estimated probabilistic (non)-carcinogenic risks to humans were also evaluated. Thirty-six dust samples were collected in the metropolitan region of Recife. Results showed that the traffic governed the distribution and accumulation of metals in street dust. Emissions from vehicles were the primary source (> 70 %) of heavy metals, except for Cd, which had a mixed origin (natural, traffic, and industrial). Moderate to heavy dust contamination by Ba, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn were found, with a very high potential ecological risk. The main exposure route depended on the metal. Barium, Cu, and Pb had ingestion rather than dermal contact as the main route of exposure, while inhalation and dermal contact posed the main risks to Mn and Cr, respectively. The risk for children was higher than for adults. The probabilities of unacceptable carcinogenic risk scenarios (TCRI >10-6) for children and adults were 27 and 4 %, respectively, with Cr being the most concerning metal for the health of the urban population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Henrique Vieira Lima
- Department of Agronomy, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manuel de Medeiros street, s/n - Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | | | - Fernando Bruno Vieira da Silva
- Department of Agronomy, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manuel de Medeiros street, s/n - Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Paula Renata Muniz Araújo
- Department of Agronomy, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manuel de Medeiros street, s/n - Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil.
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12
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Li Z, Ma Z, Zhang Z, Zhang L, Tian E, Zhang H, Yang R, Zhu D, Li H, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Xu P, Xu Y, Wang D, Wang G, Kim M, Yuan Y, Qiao X, Li M, Xie Y, Guo S, Liu K, Jiang J. High-density volatile organic compound monitoring network for identifying pollution sources. Sci Total Environ 2023; 855:158872. [PMID: 36122727 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The elusive sources of air pollution have hampered effective control across all sectors, with long-term consequences for the greenhouse effect and human health. Multiple monitoring systems have been highly desired for locating the sources. However, when faced with extensive sources, diverse air environments and meteorological conditions, the low spatiotemporal resolution, poor reliability and high cost of existing monitors were significant obstacles to their applications. Extending our previous demonstration of sensitive and reliable electrochemical sensors, we here present a machine-learning-assisted sensor arrays for monitoring typical volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which shows the consistent response with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the actual air environment. As a proof-of-concept, a low-cost and high-resolution VOC network of 152 sets of monitors across ~55 km2 of mixed-used land is established in southwest Beijing. Benefiting from the strong reliability, the pollution sources are revealed by the VOC network and supported by the joint mobile sampling of a vehicle-mounted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry system. With the sustained help of the network, the sources polluted by the local industrial facilities, traffic, and restaurants are effectively site-specific abatement by the local authorities and enterprises during the next half-year. Our findings open up a promising path toward more effective tracing of regional pollution sources, as well as accelerate the long-term transformation of industry and cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China; State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Zizhen Ma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Enze Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiteng Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Ruiyao Yang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Diwei Zhu
- TC Air Technology Limited Company, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Li
- TC Air Technology Limited Company, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- TC Air Technology Limited Company, Beijing, China
| | - Yinglei Zhang
- Beijing Capital Air Environment Technology Limited Company, Beijing, China
| | - Pingchuan Xu
- Beijing Capital Air Environment Technology Limited Company, Beijing, China
| | - Yuexin Xu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongbin Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Minjung Kim
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Yuan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Qiao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingjie Li
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yangyang Xie
- Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, School of Civil and Resources Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Shaojun Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kaihui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jingkun Jiang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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13
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Imai Y, Ikemori F, Yoshino Y, Ohura T. Approaches to the source evaluation of chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fine particles. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 249:114394. [PMID: 36508790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (ClPAHs) have been recognized as novel hazardous pollutants; however, the dominant sources remain unclear. This study investigates the occurrences of ClPAHs in five stages of size-segregated particles collected from an urban site and evaluates the sources and factors affecting the concentrations using organic and inorganic source tracers. ClPAHs are the most frequently detected in the finest particle fraction (less than 1.1 µm; PM1.1), similar to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), hopanes, and levoglucosan (LEV). The concentrations of total ClPAHs in PM1.1 shows a significant correlation (p < 0.05) with those of total PAHs and specific hopanes but not to LEV and biogenic fatty acids; this suggests that ClPAHs dominantly originate from industrial activities and vehicular emissions. Heatmap analysis, including source tracers, is used to categorize the possible sources of ClPAHs into three types: ClPAH-specific sources, local industrial activities and vehicular emissions, and remote industrial activities. Furthermore, correlation network analysis is used to clarify the relationships between the pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Imai
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan
| | - Fumikazu Ikemori
- Nagoya City Institute for Environmental Sciences, 5-16-8 Toyoda, Nagoya 457-0841, Japan
| | - Yuri Yoshino
- Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ohura
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan; Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan.
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14
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Li W, Zhang W, Shan B, Sun B, Guo X, Li Z. Risk assessment of heavy metals in suspended particulate matter in a typical urban river. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:46649-46664. [PMID: 35171423 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18966-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Suspended particulate matter (SPM) is a major source of contamination in urban rivers as it serves as a carrier for pollutants, such as heavy metals. In this study, the Beiyun River, northern China, was used as a case study to determine the characteristics of SPM-associated heavy metal spatial distribution, to evaluate the potential ecological risks and identify heavy metal sources. The concentrations of seven heavy metals and other associated indicators (TC, TN, TP, and OM) were measured at 12 sites and analyzed by Pearson correlation (PC) and principal component analyses (PCA). The average concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb were 70.72, 27.88, 31.35, 115.70, 27.77, 0.23, and 29.62 mg/kg, respectively, with significant spatial differences occurring between some elements. Igeo values established the ranked order of heavy metal pollutant concentrations in SPM as As > Cd > Zn > Cu > Pb > Cr > Ni. [Formula: see text] analysis demonstrated that the ranked order of potential ecological risk from the seven metals was Cd > As > Cu > Pb > Ni > Cr > Zn. Potential ecological risk index (RI) results confirmed the high potential ecological risk in the study area. Among the measured heavy metals, Cd represented the highest pollution risk, as shown by its highest [Formula: see text] value. Correlation analysis (CA) showed that Zn had a strong correlation with Cu and Pb. Significant positive correlations were found between TC, TN, TP, and Cu. Three element pairs, Zn-Cd, Cr-Cu, and Cr-Ni, were also found to have strong correlations. Zn, Cu, and Ni were mainly introduced by human activities including urban industrial sewage discharge (such as metallurgy and electroplating industrial wastewater), agricultural drainage, and landfill wastewater, while Cr mainly originated from natural processes like mineral weathering and atmospheric precipitation. This information on the concentration, risk, and sources of SPM in Beiyun River provides an important reference for the reduction of heavy metal pollution in SPM in a typical river in the Haihe River Basin (China).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenye Li
- School of Water and Soil Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100038, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Wenqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Baoqing Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Baoping Sun
- School of Water and Soil Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Xiaoping Guo
- School of Water and Soil Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Zhenhan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
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15
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Zhang Q, Bostic JT, Sabo RD. Regional patterns and drivers of total nitrogen trends in the Chesapeake Bay watershed: Insights from machine learning approaches and management implications. Water Res 2022; 218:118443. [PMID: 35461100 PMCID: PMC9743807 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic nutrient inputs have led to nutrient enrichment in many waterbodies worldwide, including Chesapeake Bay (USA). River water quality integrates the spatial and temporal changes of watersheds and forms the foundation for disentangling the effects of anthropogenic inputs. We demonstrate with the Chesapeake Bay Non-Tidal Monitoring Network that machine learning approaches - i.e., hierarchical clustering and random forest (RF) classification - can be combined to better understand the regional patterns and drivers of total nitrogen (TN) trends in large monitoring networks, resulting in information useful for watershed management. Cluster analysis revealed regional patterns of short-term TN trends (2007-2018) and categorized the stations into three distinct trend clusters, namely, V-shape (n = 23), monotonic decline (n = 35), and monotonic increase (n = 26). RF models identified regional drivers of TN trend clusters by quantifying the effects of watershed characteristics (land use, geology, physiography) and major N sources on the trend clusters. Results provide encouraging evidence that improved agricultural nutrient management has resulted in declines in agricultural nonpoint sources, which in turn contributed to water-quality improvement in our period of analysis. Moreover, water-quality improvements are more likely in watersheds underlain by carbonate rocks, reflecting the relatively quick groundwater transport of this terrain. By contrast, water-quality improvements are less likely in Coastal Plain watersheds, reflecting the effect of legacy N in groundwater. Notably, results show degrading trends in forested watersheds, suggesting new and/or remobilized sources that may compromise management efforts. Finally, the developed RF models were used to predict TN trend clusters for the entire Chesapeake Bay watershed at the fine scale of river segments (n = 979), providing fine spatial information that can facilitate targeted watershed management, including unmonitored areas. More broadly, this combined use of clustering and classification approaches can be applied to other regional monitoring networks to address similar water-quality questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Chesapeake Bay Program Office, Annapolis, MD 21403, USA.
| | - Joel T Bostic
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Appalachian Laboratory, Frostburg, MD 21532, USA
| | - Robert D Sabo
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington D.C. 20004, USA
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16
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Subba Rao N, Dinakar A, Sun L. Estimation of groundwater pollution levels and specific ionic sources in the groundwater, using a comprehensive approach of geochemical ratios, pollution index of groundwater, unmix model and land use/land cover - A case study. J Contam Hydrol 2022; 248:103990. [PMID: 35452913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2022.103990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the degree of groundwater pollution and to assess the contribution of specific ionic sources to groundwater, thereby helping to identify the changes in groundwater chemistry and also in groundwater quality from a rural part of Telangana, India, using the comprehensive understanding of geochemical ratios (GR), pollution index of groundwater (PIG), unmix model (UM), and land use/land cover. Groundwater samples collected (22) from the study area were analysed for pH, EC, TDS, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, HCO3-, Cl-, SO42-, NO3-, and F-. The hydrogeochemical diagram showed the dominant groundwater type of Ca2+- Mg2+- HCO3- due to the water-soil-rock interactions. GR, chloro-alkaline indices, and saturation indices revealed the groundwater chemistry that explains the mineral weathering and dissolution, ion exchange, and evaporation processes as the chief geogenic origin, and also the contamination of surface water due to the influence of household wastewater, septic tank leaks, irrigation-return-flows, chemical composts, etc. as the secondary anthropogenic sources on the aquifer system. Changes in groundwater quality from the recharge area to the discharge area and the correlation coefficient of chemical variables further supported the sources of geogenic and anthropogenic origins. According to PIG's calculations, the present study area was classified as the insignificant pollution zone (5.89%), which shows all chemical variables within their drinking water quality limits, and the low pollution zone (43.34%), medium pollution zone (27.48%), high pollution zone (17.34%), and very high pollution zone (5.95%), which exhibit the TDS, Mg2+, Na+, K+, HCO3-, Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, and F-contents above the drinking water quality standards. This indicates the gradual increase in the intensity of pollution activity. UM also classified the contribution of specific ions (>50%) into three sources: Source I (K+) measures the poor sewage conditions and potash fertilizers; Source II (SO42-, Mg2+, NO3-, Na+, and Ca2+) specifies the poor sewage conditions, irrigation-return-flows, and chemical fertilizers (gypsum and nitrate); and Source III (F- and HCO3-) represents the dissolution of fluoride minerals as a major contributor to groundwater chemistry. Furthermore, the land use/land cover observations had also supported the assessment of groundwater pollution levels and the contribution of specific ionic sources made by PIG and UM. As a result, the present study clearly indicated that groundwater quality of a geogenic origin is primarily overcome the impact of anthropogenic sources. Therefore, the present study suggested strategic measures to control groundwater pollution and improve groundwater quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Subba Rao
- Department of Geology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530 003, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - A Dinakar
- Department of Geology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530 003, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - L Sun
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Suzhou University, Anhui 234000, China
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17
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Yang D, Yao T, Wu G, Zhu M, Zhao H, Shi Y, Qu D. Different patterns and origins between northwestern and southeastern Tibetan ice core glaciochemical records over the past century. Sci Total Environ 2022; 819:153195. [PMID: 35051462 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric circulation systems differ between the northern and southern Tibetan Plateau (TP) and are characterized by prevailing westerly winds and the Indian monsoon, respectively. This leads to spatial differences between glaciochemical records in the northwestern and southeastern TP. We compared the spatial differences in major soluble ion concentrations (Ca2+, SO42-, NO3-, NH4+, Cl-, Na+, K+, and Mg2+) during the last century in the Aru (northwestern TP) and East Rongbuk (ER; southeastern TP) ice cores. Ca2+ exhibited the largest difference between the ice cores (2371 ppb in the Aru ice core and 65 ppb in the ER ice core), indicating that crustal processes were more dominant in the Aru ice core. NH4+ accounted for 17% of the total ion concentration in the ER ice core but only 3% in the Aru ice core, which may be related to the Indian monsoon traveling over NH3 emission zones in southern Asia. The major soluble ion concentrations exhibited decreasing trends in the Aru ice core but increasing trends in the ER ice core (P < 0.01). Empirical orthogonal function and backward trajectory analyses indicated that the major soluble ions in the Aru ice core originated from crustal sources in central Asia; those in the ER ice core had crustal, anthropogenic, and oceanic sources from southern Asia. The results from the Aru ice core suggest that dust events and enhanced prevailing westerly winds promoted the deposition of dust aerosols from the Taklamakan Desert and arid and semi-arid regions of central Asia. Contrastingly, the results from the ER ice core suggest that the Indian monsoon transported crustal and anthropogenic sources from southern Asia and oceanic sources from the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea. This study contributes to the comprehensive understanding of the differences in glaciochemical records and their causes between the northwestern and southeastern TP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tandong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China; Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Guangjian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Meilin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Huabiao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yanyun Shi
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Dongmei Qu
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
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Sellami S, Zeghouan O, Dhahri F, Mechi L, Moussaoui Y, Kebabi B. Assessment of heavy metal pollution in urban and peri-urban soil of Setif city (High Plains, eastern Algeria). Environ Monit Assess 2022; 194:126. [PMID: 35080670 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-09781-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution is a challenging concern that threatens the soil environment and human health worldwide. The purpose of this work is to assess the heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Zn, and Pb) pollution in the urban and peri-urban soils in and around Setif city, eastern Algeria. The work combines chemical analysis of thirty-six soil samples, statistical valuation and interpretation of chemical data and pollution indices (geoaccumulation index, pollution index, and integrated pollution index) with thematic mapping. The average concentrations (in mg/kg) of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn were found < 0.02, 43.35, 43.75, 331.20, and 78.26 mg/kg, respectively. Compared with the French regulatory limits (AFNOR U44-041), Cd, Cr, and Cu still non-hazardous at Setif city scale; however, Zn and Pb concentrations are two to three times higher than the background values referred to the Chinese [Formula: see text] standard (GB15618-1995). The pollution indices indicate that Pb and Zn represent the highest threats among the studied pollutants and polluted wide areas of anthropogenic activities located respectively in the oldest district of the city, near the industrial zone and near uncontrolled landfill of domestic and industrial waste. Cu, Pb, and Zn originate seemly from vehicle emission, particles of brakes and tires, and industrial emissions. However, Cr distribution is uncorrelatable with anthropogenic sources. The Cr with an average concentration less than the background value derives seemly from animal feces and organic fertilizers. The integrated pollution index shows that the accumulation of heavy metals in the soils of Setif city from anthropogenic sources reached alarming levels that can disperse into the environment and threaten the human health. The urbanization and industrial development of Setif city are expected to grow and a subsequent heavy metal pollution will be rising prior issue. Corrective measures should be endeavored by the local authorities to mitigate the current environmental situation and a sustainable development plan for the city should be anticipated to guarantee optimal future environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seifeddine Sellami
- Pollution and Water Treatment Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, University of Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria
- Department of Materiel Sciences, Faculty of SESNV, University Larbi Tébessi, Tebessa, Algeria
| | - Ouahida Zeghouan
- Biotechnology Research Center (CRBt) Constantine, El Khroub, Algeria.
| | - Ferid Dhahri
- Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia.
- Geodynamics, Geomaterials and Geo-Digital Research Laboratory (LR18ES37), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Lassaad Mechi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hail University, P.O. Box 2440, 81451, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Material, Environment and Energy Laboratory (UR14ES26), Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Younes Moussaoui
- Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory (LR17ES08), Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Brahim Kebabi
- Pollution and Water Treatment Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, University of Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria
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Dey M, Akter A, Islam S, Chandra Dey S, Choudhury TR, Fatema KJ, Begum BA. Assessment of contamination level, pollution risk and source apportionment of heavy metals in the Halda River water, Bangladesh. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08625. [PMID: 34988319 PMCID: PMC8695248 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study demonstrates the level of heavy metal pollution in the Halda River, the only natural breeding source of carps in Bangladesh. Water was collected from 12 different sampling points along the Halda River. Water at various locations was found satisfactory in terms of the assessed physicochemical parameters (pH, electrical conductivity, and total dissolved solids). The presence of various cations and anions was also studied using ion chromatography. Atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to identify and quantify various heavy metals in the collected water samples. Among the heavy metals, Cd, Cr, Fe, Pb, Cu, and As concentration exceeded the safe limit suggested by WHO. The calculated heavy metal pollution index and metal index were found higher than the critical index value. The single-factor assessment (P i) and Nemerow's multi-factor index (P N) of heavy metals was calculated to find out the degree of pollution in the Halda River. The maximum values of P i (Cd), P i (Pb), P i (As), P i (Cu), and P i (Cr) were determined to be 26.67, 260.00, 17.00, 208.76 and 2.80 respectively. The maximum value of P N was found to be 289.04. The discharge of effluents from various large and small industries near the Halda River is considered to be the major source of the identified heavy metals. Multivariate statistical analysis such as principal component analysis, Pearson correlation matrix and cluster analysis revealed that most of the heavy metals originated from different anthropogenic sources. Multivariate analysis also showed that Co, Mn, Cu, Cr, Pb, Cd, NH4+, NO3- mainly came from artificial sources whereas Fe, Ca, As mainly originated from natural sources. Arsenic (As) also came from artificial sources with Cu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Dey
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Asma Akter
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Saiful Islam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Shaikat Chandra Dey
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Tasrina Rabia Choudhury
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Konica Jannat Fatema
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Bilkis Ara Begum
- Atmospheric and Environmental Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
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20
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Bispo FHA, de Menezes MD, Fontana A, Sarkis JEDS, Gonçalves CM, de Carvalho TS, Curi N, Guilherme LRG. Rare earth elements (REEs): geochemical patterns and contamination aspects in Brazilian benchmark soils. Environ Pollut 2021; 289:117972. [PMID: 34426210 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth elements have been increasingly used in modern societies and soils are likely to be the final destination of several REE-containing (by)products. This study reports REE contents for topsoils (0-20 cm) of 175 locations in reference (n = 68) and cultivated (n = 107) areas in Brazil. Benchmark soil samples were selected accomplishing a variety of environmental conditions, aiming to: i) establishing natural background and anthropogenic concentrations for REE in soils; ii) assessing potential contamination of soils - via application of phosphate fertilizers - with REE; and, iii) predicting soil-REE contents using biomes, soil type, parent material, land use, sand content, and biomes-land use interaction as forecaster variables through generalized least squares multiple regression. Our hypotheses were that the variability of soil-REE contents is influenced by parent material, pedogenic processes, land use, and biomes, as well as that cultivated soils may have been potentially contaminated with REE via input of phosphate fertilizers. The semi-total concentrations of REE were assessed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) succeeding a microwave-assisted aqua regia digestion. Analytical procedures followed a rigorous QA/QC protocol. Soil physicochemical composition and total oxides were also determined. Natural background and anthropogenic concentrations for REE were established statistically from the dataset by the median plus two median absolute deviations method. Contamination aspects were assessed by REE-normalized patterns, REE fractionation indices, and Ce and Eu anomalies ratios, as well as enrichment factors. The results indicate that differences in the amounts of REE in cultivated soils can be attributed to land use and agricultural sources (e.g., phosphate-fertilizer inputs), while those in reference soils can be attributed to parent materials, biomes, and pedogenic processes. The biomes, land use, and sand content helped to predict concentrations of light REE in Brazilian soils, with parent material being also of special relevance to predict heavy REE contents in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ademir Fontana
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation - Soil Science Division, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Nilton Curi
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Deng F, Hellmann S, Zimmermann T, Pröfrock D. Using Sr-Nd-Pb isotope systems to trace sources of sediment and trace metals to the Weser River system (Germany) and assessment of input to the North Sea. Sci Total Environ 2021; 791:148127. [PMID: 34118659 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In order to trace the sources of sediment materials and trace metals in the Weser River system (Germany), and the riverine input to the North Sea, Sr, Nd and Pb isotopes, together with multi-elemental compositions, were measured for sediments collected over the entire Weser River Basin, from headwaters to the estuary. Mass fractions of metals, including Ag, Cd, and Pb, and of one metalloid, Sb, higher than their crustal abundance, were observed within the entire Weser Basin. Isotope-amount ratio n(87Sr)/n(86Sr) and εNd ranged from 0.71182 ± 0.00005 to 0.72880 ± 0.00009 and -11.3 ± 0.3 to -21.0 ± 0.3, respectively. n(206Pb)/n(204Pb), n(207Pb)/n(204Pb), and n(208Pb)/n(204Pb) ranged from 18.226 ± 0.008 to 18.703 ± 0.012, 15.613 ± 0.007 to 15.653 ± 0.012 and 38.14 ± 0.02 to 38.84 ± 0.02, respectively. Sr and Nd isotope compositions reflected primarily a mixture of natural materials derived from the Weser Basin. Pb isotope signatures indicated strong anthropogenic influences in the middle-lower Weser region. Pb isotopic compositions in the sediments from the Aller (tributary of the Weser) and its tributary suggested influence from historical Pb-Zn ore mining in the Harz Mountains that might contribute to the observed elevated mass fractions of Ag, Cd, Sb and Pb in that region. K-means cluster and principal component analysis of the Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope data yielded results consistent with their isotope systematics, supporting statistical analysis as an unsupervised tool in isotope fingerprinting studies. Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic signatures in the sediments of the Weser were distinctively different from those of another major river discharging into the North Sea, the Elbe. This suggested that this Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope dataset can be used to distinguish riverine input of sediment materials and metals between the two rivers, thereby assessing their individual contribution to materials transported into the North Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Deng
- Institute of Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht Center for Materials and Coastal Research, Max-Planck Str.1, 21502 Geethacht, Germany
| | - Steffen Hellmann
- Technical University of Applied Sciences Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Tristan Zimmermann
- Institute of Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht Center for Materials and Coastal Research, Max-Planck Str.1, 21502 Geethacht, Germany
| | - Daniel Pröfrock
- Institute of Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht Center for Materials and Coastal Research, Max-Planck Str.1, 21502 Geethacht, Germany.
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Zhou Z, Tan Q, Deng Y, Lu C, Song D, Zhou X, Zhang X, Jiang X. Source profiles and reactivity of volatile organic compounds from anthropogenic sources of a megacity in southwest China. Sci Total Environ 2021; 790:148149. [PMID: 34380266 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from anthropogenic sources are deleterious to air quality, climate, human health and vegetation. However, research on VOCs source profiles of the non-solvent use in some industries and the emission characteristics of motor vehicles under actual road conditions is limited in China. In this research, VOCs source profiles of industries (wood-based panel manufacturing and pharmacy) based on all product processes were constructed, and those of light and medium duty vehicles exhaust based on actual road conditions at different speeds were acquired in Chengdu, a megacity in southwest China. The results show that VOCs groups of various sources were dominated by oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs), which accounted for 27-84% of the total VOCs emission. Due to the great contribution of OVOCs to industrial source reactivity (SR), attention should be paid to the control over the emissions of the species with high reactivity, such as aromatics and alkenes, but also to the production processes with relatively large proportions of OVOCs species emission. VOCs emissions from gasoline and diesel vehicles running at a speed ranging from 0 to 40 km/h have approximately the same ozone formation potential (OFP), while the contribution of VOCs emission from diesel vehicles to the formation of urban ozone pollution deserves further attention. It is found that VOCs emission characteristics of some industries in China have changed as the upgrading of production processes in automobile manufacturing and other industries, such as the extensive use of water-based coatings instead of outdated solvent-based coatings, which increased the uncertainty of judgment parameters (B/T ratio, etc.) in source apportionment research. The ranges of B/T ratio of industrial process sources, solvent use sources and motor vehicles are 0.00-0.23, 0.01-0.75 and 0.35-0.92, respectively. Therefore, updating existing source profiles and further understanding the emission constitutions of characteristic species in these source profiles (such as BTEX ratio) will be conducive to further research on emission inventory, source apportionment for O3 pollution control effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihang Zhou
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Qinwen Tan
- Chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Ye Deng
- Chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Chengwei Lu
- Chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Danlin Song
- Chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhou
- Chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Xia Jiang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; National Engineering Research Center for Flue Gas Desulfurization, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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Wang S, Yan J, Lin Q, Zhao S, Xu S, Li L, Zhang M, Chen L. Non-ignorable contribution of anthropogenic source to aerosols in Arctic Ocean. Environ Res 2021; 201:111538. [PMID: 34166656 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arctic Ocean (AO) atmospheric aerosols, which are a factor influencing regional and global climate, have been greatly influenced by an increase in anthropogenic sources. To identify the impact of anthropogenic sources on regional aerosols in the AO and middle and low latitudes (MLO), a single-particle aerosol mass spectrometer was used to count and size aerosols with diameters less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and determine their chemical composition. The mean hourly count of PM2.5 aerosols was 1639/h in the AO, which was 57.1% lower than that in the MLO. Na_MSA, sulfate, and Na_rich were three major components, which accounted for 74.3% of PM2.5 aerosols in the AO. The size distribution of PM2.5 aerosols was unimodal, peaking between 0.42 μm and 1.64 μm. A source apportionment method for single aerosol particles in the Arctic was established using positive matrix factorization (PMF) combined with backward air mass trajectory and principal component analysis (PCA). Three potential sources of aerosols were identified: marine sources; anthropogenic sources; and secondary formation. The largest contribution to aerosols in the AO was from marine sources, accounting for 50.6%. This source was 20.4% higher in the AO than that in the MLO. Secondary formation contributed 19.8% and 36.5% to aerosols in the AO and MLO, respectively. However, the contribution of anthropogenic sources to aerosols was 29.6% in the AO, and this was 3.7% lower than that in the MLO. Our study provides a useful method for identifying sources of aerosols in the Arctic, and the results showed that although marine sources were the largest contributors to aerosols in the AO, the contribution of anthropogenic sources could not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Global Change and Marine Atmospheric Chemistry, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China; Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jinpei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Global Change and Marine Atmospheric Chemistry, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China; Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - Qi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Global Change and Marine Atmospheric Chemistry, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China; Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Shuhui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Global Change and Marine Atmospheric Chemistry, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China; Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Suqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Global Change and Marine Atmospheric Chemistry, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China; Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Lei Li
- Institute of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Miming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Global Change and Marine Atmospheric Chemistry, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China; Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Liqi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Global Change and Marine Atmospheric Chemistry, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China; Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China
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24
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Pino-Cortés E, Díaz-Robles LA, Cubillos F, Cereceda-Balic F, Santander R, Fu JS, Carrasco S, Acosta J. The black carbon dispersion in the Southern Hemisphere and its transport and fate to Antarctica, an Anthropocene evidence for climate change policies. Sci Total Environ 2021; 778:146242. [PMID: 34030379 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Black carbon (BC) has been measured in Antarctica's air, and its global warming effect can potentially speed up the ice melting in the most solid water reservoir of the planet. However, the primary responsible sources are not well evidenced in this region. The dispersion of black carbon emissions from the Southern Hemisphere was conducting using atmospheric chemical transport model and we compared the results with satellite registries from March 1st to April 30th in 2014. The emission inventory considered the anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions from global datasets. The largest and most populated cities in Southern Hemisphere showed the higher emission of BC. As a result, the average daily concentrations of atmospheric BC were around 4 ng/m3 in most regions of Antarctica according to its pristine characteristics. We analyzed fifteen relevant sites in coastal zones of Antartica and some peaks registered by the satellite records were not replicated by model outputs and it was mainly associated with the lack of emissions. Finally, we made simulations in the same period without biomass burning emissions and we observed decreased concentrations of BC in the range of 20-50%. As a result, we show that the black carbon transportation from the continental land to the polar region took place in 17-24 days during the Austral summer and the biomass burning emissions were the primary source. Black Carbon deposition in Antarctica is not permanent, but the uncontrolled emissions from Southern Hemisphere can increase its transportation to the white continent and make its accumulation during the period when the weak polar vortex occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Pino-Cortés
- Escuela de Ingeniería Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Ave Brasil 2162, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Luis A Díaz-Robles
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Ave Libertado Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Francisco Cubillos
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Ave Libertado Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Francisco Cereceda-Balic
- Centre for Environmental Technologies and Department of Chemistry, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Roberto Santander
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Ave Libertado Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Joshua S Fu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, 851 Neyland Drive, Knoxville, TN, USA; Computational Earth Sciences Group, Computational Science and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Samuel Carrasco
- Escuela de Ingeniería Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Ave Brasil 2162, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Jonathan Acosta
- Departamento de Estadística, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago de Chile, Chile
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Pham VD, Fatimah MS, Sasaki A, Duong VH, Pham KL, Susan P, Watanabe T. Seasonal variation and source identification of heavy metal(loid) contamination in peri-urban farms of Hue city, Vietnam. Environ Pollut 2021; 278:116813. [PMID: 33725533 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on the seasonal variation and source identification of heavy metals (HMs) while considering effects of municipal wastewater (MWW) in peri-urban farms of Hue city, central Vietnam. Moreover, associated non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks from consuming vegetables containing HMs were also assessed considering the hazard quotient and cancer risk, respectively. Therefore, concentrations of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr, Cd, Pb, and As were determined in irrigation water, soil, and lettuce samples collected during dry and wet seasons from one upstream site where irrigation water has no impact on MWW as well as from two downstream sites in farms on the outskirt of the city. Although irrigation water and soil in the same farms were not polluted as strongly, lettuce samples were polluted with Cd, Zn, and Pb. Furthermore, levels of soil Cu and As and HMs (except for Cu) in lettuce in the wet season were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those in the dry season, indicating the impact of MWW with seasonal change. The health risk assessment via lettuce consumption demonstrated an unacceptable carcinogenic risk owing to Cd and a cumulative non-carcinogenic risk owing to selected HMs in the lettuce, while all other risks were negligible. Correlation and principal component analyses were performed to identify HM sources, indicating that Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Cr, and As in irrigation water and soil could have anthropogenic sources (e.g., untreated MWW, fertilizer use); meanwhile, irrigation-water and soil Fe, Mn, As, and Cr could originate from non-anthropogenic sources (e.g., parent materials weathering). This study revealed that rapid urbanization together with high precipitation leading to urban floods in Hue city was a significant factor spreading HMs in agricultural farms, suggesting the importance of wastewater treatment system, which can reduce the HM load in the city to protect the local food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viet-Dung Pham
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, 1-23 Wakaba-machi, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-8555, Japan.
| | - Mila-Siti Fatimah
- Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Atsushi Sasaki
- Faculty of Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa City, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Van-Hieu Duong
- Faculty of Environmental Science, Hue University of Sciences, 77 Nguyen Hue St., Hue City, Viet Nam
| | - Khac-Lieu Pham
- Faculty of Environmental Science, Hue University of Sciences, 77 Nguyen Hue St., Hue City, Viet Nam
| | - Praise Susan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, 1-23 Wakaba-machi, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-8555, Japan
| | - Toru Watanabe
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, 1-23 Wakaba-machi, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-8555, Japan
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Noriega C, Medeiros C, Araujo M, Silva AX, Costa M, Pereira NA, de Lima EES, da Silva DST, de Campos Pereira S, Rollnic M. Long-term water quality conditions and trends in 12 tropical coastal rivers in Northeast Brazil. Environ Monit Assess 2021; 193:308. [PMID: 33909164 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09074-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The water quality and trends in 12 tropical rivers in northeastern Brazil over a 27-year period (1990-2016; N = 39,008 samples) were evaluated. The analyzed parameters included temperature, conductivity, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), nitrogen (NH4+), total phosphorus (P), and fecal coliforms. Densely populated basins (> 1000 inhab km-2) presented lower DO values (average 3.4 mg l-1; 43% DO saturation), while those with low demographic density (< 100 inhab km-2) presented values that aligned well with the recommendations of environmental legislation (average 5.8 mg l-1; 75% DO saturation). The NH4+ and P compound concentrations were typical of water bodies affected by urban inputs. The average p values were above the allowable limit (< 0.1 mg l-1) at all stations. The NH4+ values were high at the stations showing low DO concentrations, which suggested that due to reducing conditions after NH4+ accumulation was favored in those aquatic systems. In densely populated basins, the average fecal coliform concentrations were > 40,000 MPN 100 ml-1, indicating the input of improperly treated domestic/industrial liquid wastes. For the period from 1990 to 2016, 45% of the stations (N = 19) showed a rate of DO reduction that ranged from 0.01 to 0.17 mg l-1.O2 year-1. An increase in NH4+ concentrations was observed in 33% of the stations (N = 14), with an estimated average increase rate from 0.013 to 1.8 mg l-1 NH4+ year-1. These results demonstrated that the rates of increase in anthropogenic factors were significant (p < 0.05), while the natural factors remained constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Noriega
- Department of Oceanography, Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE, Av. Arquitetura s/n, Recife, 50740-550, Brazil.
| | - Carmen Medeiros
- Department of Oceanography, Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE, Av. Arquitetura s/n, Recife, 50740-550, Brazil
| | - Moacyr Araujo
- Department of Oceanography, Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE, Av. Arquitetura s/n, Recife, 50740-550, Brazil
| | | | - Mauricio Costa
- Laboratório de Pesquisa E Monitoramento Ambiental Marinho (LAPMAR), Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Marcelo Rollnic
- Laboratório de Pesquisa E Monitoramento Ambiental Marinho (LAPMAR), Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
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Okedere OO, Elehinafe FB, Oyelami S, Ayeni AO. Drivers of anthropogenic air emissions in Nigeria - A review. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06398. [PMID: 33732932 PMCID: PMC7938250 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents a review of sources and atmospheric levels of anthropogenic air emissions in Nigeria with a view to reviewing the existence or otherwise of national coordination aimed at mitigating the continued increase. According to individual researcher's reports, the atmospheric loading of anthropogenic air pollutants is currently on an alarming increase in Nigeria. Greater concerns are premised on the inadequacy existing emission inventories, continuous assessment, political will and development of policy plans for effective mitigation of these pollutants. The identified key drivers of these emissions include gas flaring, petroleum product refining, thermal plants for electricity generation, transportation, manufacturing sector, land use changes, proliferation of small and medium enterprises, medical wastes incineration, municipal waste disposal, domestic cooking, bush burning and agricultural activities such as land cultivation and animal rearing. Having identified the key sources of anthropogenic air emissions and established the rise in their atmospheric levels through aggregation of literature reports, this study calls for a review of energy policy, adoption of best practices in the management air emissions and solid wastes as well as agriculture and land use pattern which appear to be the rallying points of all identified sources of emission. The study concluded that the adoption of cleaner energy policies and initiatives in energy generation and usage as against pursuit of thermal plants and heavy dependence on fossil fuels will assist to ameliorate the atmospheric loadings of these pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyetunji O Okedere
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Osun State University, Nigeria
| | - Francis B Elehinafe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, College of Engineering, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Seun Oyelami
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Osun State University, Nigeria
| | - Augustine O Ayeni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, College of Engineering, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
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Xia SY, Wang C, Zhu B, Chen X, Feng N, Yu GH, Huang XF. Long-term observations of oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) in an urban atmosphere in southern China, 2014-2019. Environ Pollut 2021; 270:116301. [PMID: 33360596 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) are important precursors and intermediate products of atmospheric photochemical reactions, which can promote the formation of secondary pollutants such as ozone (O3) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA). However, there have been few studies on the sources of and long-term variation in ambient OVOCs. This study combined sensitive, near real-time measurements of VOCs by proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) with an improved photochemical age parameterization method to quantify daytime sources of OVOCs in an urban atmosphere in China from 2014 to 2019, permitting the observation of the impacts of emission control strategies that were implemented during this period. Temporal variation in six key OVOCs (methanol, acetaldehyde, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), formic acid, and acetic acid) were observed. The sum of concentrations of OVOCs was averagely 13% higher during the dry season (November to April), when winds transported polluted air masses to Shenzhen from the continent, than during the wet season, and peak diurnal levels occurred during the daytime year-round due to photochemical production and higher daytime anthropogenic emissions. The average dry season concentration of OVOCs declined from a peak of 30.3 ppb in 2015 to 18.7 ppb in 2019. The results of source apportionment showed that primary anthropogenic sources contributed the most to methanol, MEK, and acetic acid (32-51%); the dominant sources of acetaldehyde and formic acid were both primary and secondary anthropogenic sources; and biomass burning contributed a small fraction (5-11%) to the six OVOCs. From 2014 to 2019, contributions from primary anthropogenic sources of OVOCs decreased significantly by 50-60% due to intensive pollution control measures in Shenzhen, whereas pollution control measures had no observable impact on secondary OVOCs, indicating their formation was not limited by availability of their primary VOC precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yong Xia
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Lishui Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Lishui Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Environmental Laboratory, PKU-HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institution, Science and Technology Park, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Lishui Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Lishui Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ning Feng
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Lishui Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Guang-He Yu
- Environmental Laboratory, PKU-HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institution, Science and Technology Park, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Huang
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Lishui Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Li X, Chen J, Tang L, Wu T, Fu C, Li Z, Sun G, Zhao H, Zhang L, Li Q, Feng X. Mercury isotope signatures of a pre-calciner cement plant in Southwest China. J Hazard Mater 2021; 401:123384. [PMID: 32763687 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing the composition of mercury (Hg) isotopes in the atmospheric emissions of cement plants is critical to understand the global circulation of Hg because large quantities of Hg are released from this source annually. A pre-calciner cement plant in Guizhou Province in Southwest China was selected to investigate the mass dependent fractionation (MDF) and mass independent fractionation (MIF) of Hg in the entire production process and the speciated Hg isotope composition in stack gas. Significant MDF and insignificant MIF were observed in this cement plant. Different raw/correction materials have δ202Hg signals ranging from -1.68 to -2.19‰. Raw meal is featured with lighter Hg (δ202Hg = -2.83 ± 0.18‰) as results of Hg circulation and accumulation during the clinker production. Cement products possess negative δ202Hg values (-1.98 ± 0.02‰) due to the input of light δ202Hg isotopes through additives/retarder limestone, and fly ash and gypsum from coal-fired power plant (CFPPs). Speciated Hg isotopes in the stack gas of the kiln tail and kiln head show no significant differences, and δ202Hg and Δ199Hg in the discharged flue gas averaged at -2.03 ± 0. 31‰ and -0.03 ± 0.07‰, respectively, which has negative δ202Hg characteristics with other anthropogenic sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ji Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China; Guizhou Provincial Laboratory for Mountainous Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Li Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China; College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China; Key Laboratory of Karst Environment and Geohazard Prevention, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550003, China
| | - Chengcheng Fu
- Guizhou Environmental Monitoring Center, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Zhonggen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China; College of Resources and Environment, Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi, 563006, China.
| | - Guangyi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huifang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Leiming Zhang
- Air Quality Research Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, M3H5T4, Canada
| | - Qiuhua Li
- Guizhou Provincial Laboratory for Mountainous Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Xinbin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China.
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da Conceição FT, Fernandes AM, Hissler C, Lupinacci CM, Menegário AA, Moruzzi RB. Multi-tracer analysis to estimate the historical evolution of pollution in riverbed sediment of subtropical watershed, the lower course of the Piracicaba River, São Paulo, Brazil. Sci Total Environ 2020; 743:140730. [PMID: 32758836 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The main land use/land cover changes (LULCC) have been associated with population growth and energy policies in the São Paulo State, Brazil, since 1970. The LULCC can alter the behavior of trace elements in different environmental systems, with the riverbed sediments being the main reservoirs or sinks for trace elements, and thus become a valuable environmental archive on temporal changes. Thus, the main purpose of the study was to apply a multi-tracer analysis to estimate the historical evolution of pollution in riverbed sediment of a subtropical watershed, the lower course of the Piracicaba River, São Paulo, Brazil. 210Pb measurements done on river sediment core samples allowed estimating a sedimentation rate of 9 mm yr-1 between 1971 and 2001. Zn was the most abundant trace element in the sediment core, followed by Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sc and Cd. The total concentrations of Cd, Cr, Ni, Sc and Pb presented practically no variations in the sediment core, with a continuous excess of ca. 0.27 μg g-1 yr-1 of Cu and of ca. 0.54 μg g-1 yr-1 of Zn between 1971 and 2001. The excess of Cu and Zn was associated with labile fractions, in particular with carbonate bound to Zn and organic matter bound to Cu. The assessment of trace metal pollution indicated that most of the trace elements were of geogenic origin, except for Cu and Zn. According to the sediment quality guidelines used in Brazil, Pb showed no potential toxic effect, Cu, Cr and Zn were intermediate to Threshold Effect Level (TEL) and Probable Effect Level (PEL) and the Cd and Ni concentrations were above the PEL limits. The elemental and isotopic analysis of C and N and the C/N ratio indicated that the anthropogenic origin of POM found in the sediment core is related mainly to domestic sewage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christophe Hissler
- Catchment and Eco-hydrology research group, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Luxembourg
| | - Cenira Maria Lupinacci
- UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas, Rio Claro, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Braga Moruzzi
- UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas, Rio Claro, Brazil
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Yang P, Wang Y, Wu X, Chang L, Ham B, Song L, Groves C. Nitrate sources and biogeochemical processes in karst underground rivers impacted by different anthropogenic input characteristics. Environ Pollut 2020; 265:114835. [PMID: 32540593 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate is one of the most common pollution sources in groundwater, particularly in highly vulnerable karst aquifers. The potential for nitrification and denitrification within karst aquifers varies in different settings depending on the extent of anthropogenic inputs, so that accurate identification of nitrate sources can be difficult. Geochemical data and dual nitrate isotopes were measured in this study, incorporating a Bayesian isotopic mixing model, and used to identify nitrate sources, nitrification and denitrification, and quantitatively determine nitrate sources under different extents of anthropogenic inputs in three karst catchments within Chongqing Municipality, SW China: Laolongdong (an urbanized area), Qingmuguan (a suburban village), and Shuifang Spring (a protected natural area). At the Laolongdong catchment, the groundwater was in a reducing condition and enriched in δ15NNO3 (averaging 18.9 ± 6.9‰) and δ18ONO3 (averaging 8.5 ± 4.6‰). Manure and sewage waste were the main contributing nitrate sources. A slope of 1.8: 1 of the dual isotopes suggested a denitrification process occurring in anaerobic conduit flow. Within the Qingmuguan catchment, groundwater had average δ15NNO3 and δ18ONO3 values of 9.7 ± 3.5‰, and 1.9 ± 3.4‰, respectively. The data showed evidence for nitrification, and the contribution of soil organic nitrogen was 52.1%, followed by a contribution of 44.8% from manure and wastewater. At the Shuifang Spring catchment, the mean δ15NNO3 and δ18ONO3 values in groundwater were 8.8 ± 2.9‰, 2.3 ± 4.6‰, respectively. Nitrification was the dominant process and most of the nitrate was derived from soil organic nitrogen. This study suggests that karst underground rivers overlain by urban land use undergo denitrification, while the suburban and relatively pristine karst aquifers are dominated by nitrification, allowing development of a conceptual model for nitrate sources and transformations in karst aquifers from the categories of land use (i.e., urban, suburban, and pristine areas). MAIN FINDING: Anthropogenic activities can change biogeochemical nitrogen dynamics of vulnerable karst aquifers, such that the groundwater overlain by an urban settlement has undergone denitrification, while suburban and pristine areas have been dominated by nitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingheng Yang
- State Cultivation Base of Eco-agriculture for Southwest Mountainous Land, Field Scientific Observation & Research Base of Karst Eco-environments at Nanchuan in Chongqing, Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Crawford Hydrology Laboratory, Department of Geography and Geology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, 42101, USA.
| | - Yuyang Wang
- State Cultivation Base of Eco-agriculture for Southwest Mountainous Land, Field Scientific Observation & Research Base of Karst Eco-environments at Nanchuan in Chongqing, Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xinyu Wu
- Southwest University Library, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Longran Chang
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Brian Ham
- Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, Division of Water Resources, Nashville, TN, 37243, USA
| | - Lisheng Song
- State Cultivation Base of Eco-agriculture for Southwest Mountainous Land, Field Scientific Observation & Research Base of Karst Eco-environments at Nanchuan in Chongqing, Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Chris Groves
- Crawford Hydrology Laboratory, Department of Geography and Geology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, 42101, USA; UNESCO Mammoth Cave Area Biosphere Reserve, Mammoth Cave, KY, 42259, USA
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Ramos-H D, Medellín RA, Morton-Bermea O. Insectivorous bats as biomonitor of metal exposure in the megalopolis of Mexico and rural environments in Central Mexico. Environ Res 2020; 185:109293. [PMID: 32217363 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Megalopolis of Mexico is one of the largest cities in the world and presents substantial problems of metal pollution. Insectivorous bats that inhabit this city are potentially exposed to metals and could therefore serve as a good biomonitor. We collected 70 adult male individuals of Tadarida brasiliensis (Chiroptera: Molossidae) from two areas inside the Megalopolis (Cuautitlán and Xochimilco) and two rural environments in Central Mexico (Tequixquiac and Tlalcozotitlán). We analyzed livers to determine the total concentrations of ten metals by the ICP-MS technique, compared concentrations among study sites to provide evidence of metal exposure, and explored the associations between metals and their accumulation patterns in bats. The hepatic metal concentrations we recorded were generally consistent with those of similar studies in insectivorous bats. Higher concentrations of Cu and Zn in Cuautitlán and Xochimilco bats were associated with vehicular traffic. Higher concentrations of V, Cr, and Co in Tequixquiac bats and Cd in Tlalcozotitlán bats were linked with industrial, agricultural, or sewage sources. Variations in Fe and Mn concentrations were related to geogenic sources or local conditions. Similar Ni and Pb concentrations were linked with strong homeostatic controls or historical pollution. Accumulation patterns showed that all urban bats belonged to a single population with similar degrees of metal exposure, while rural bats belonged to two different populations exposed to different metals. Our results highlight the need to monitor the emissions generated by particular sources in each study site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ramos-H
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Laboratorio de Ecología y Conservación de Vertebrados Terrestres, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Rodrigo A Medellín
- Laboratorio de Ecología y Conservación de Vertebrados Terrestres, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ofelia Morton-Bermea
- Laboratorio de ICP-MS, Instituto de Geofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito de la Investigación Científica s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Hejami AA, Davis M, Prete D, Lu J, Wang S. Heavy metals in indoor settled dusts in Toronto, Canada. Sci Total Environ 2020; 703:134895. [PMID: 31731154 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Total concentrations of eight potentially toxic heavy metals (Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in indoor settled dusts from houses, offices, classrooms, and laboratories in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), Canada were determined, and the results were compared. The concentrations of these metals were determined through microwave digestion followed by quantification using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The results indicated that the values of heavy metal concentrations in indoor settled dust vary with different indoor environments, with the highest levels found in laboratory dusts (Ba: 152 mg kg-1; Cd: 12 mg kg-1; Cr: 87 mg kg-1; Cu: 411 mg kg-1; Mn: 216 mg kg-1; Ni: 146 mg kg-1; Pb: 86 mg kg-1; Zn: 3571 mg kg-1), while the metal concentrations (except for Mn and Zn) in households, offices, and classroom dusts were lower (0.5-0.67 × the laboratory dust values), and comparable to one another. While all the metals studied show an enrichment factor (EF) greater than one, the EF for Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn ranged from 15 to 554, indicating significant anthropogenic internal sources of these metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al Hejami
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Matthew Davis
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Daniel Prete
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Julia Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada.
| | - Shengli Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada; Gansu Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
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Yang S, Lan X, Talbot R, Liu L. Characterizing anthropogenic methane sources in the Houston and Barnett Shale areas of Texas using the isotopic signature δ 13C in CH 4. Sci Total Environ 2019; 696:133856. [PMID: 31461696 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Methane (CH4) is an important greenhouse gas with its mixing ratio increasing in the global atmosphere. Identifying fingerprints of CH4 emissions is critical to understanding potential impacts of various anthropogenic sources in the Greater Houston area (GHA) and extensive natural gas operations in the Barnett Shale area (BSA) of Texas. Stable carbon isotope ratios of CH4 (δ13CCH4) has been proposed to be a useful technique for differentiating individual CH4 sources. Measurements of CH4 mixing ratios and δ13CCH4 were sampled using a mobile laboratory equipped with cavity ring-down spectrometers (CRDS). Areal CH4 distributions and the background δ13CCH4 signature were obtained from filtered ambient signals; -47.0‰ (GHA) and - 48.5‰ (BSA) were calculated. The fingerprint of thirty-three anthropogenic sources in the two study areas were sampled with forty-four δ13C analyses conducted. Repeated measurements indicated the natural variation of δ13CCH4 signatures of individual CH4 sources. An unexpected massive CH4 fugitive leak was detected near the San Jacinto River Fleet site in Houston exhibiting an δ13CCH4 value around -42‰. Our results and findings demonstrate the utility of δ13CCH4for facilitating emission inventories and atmospheric modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Yang
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States; Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States.
| | - Xin Lan
- Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO, United States; Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Robert Talbot
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States; Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Lei Liu
- Physics Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Sousa CAM, Delgado J, Szalaj D, Boski T. Holocene background concentrations and actual enrichment factors of metals in sediments from Ria Formosa, Portugal. Mar Pollut Bull 2019; 149:110533. [PMID: 31543480 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metal history in a natural system was described since the early Holocene by analysing the preserved subsurface sediment record and present-day surface sediments. Normalized geochemical data from six sediment cores (129 samples) was compared with 28 surface samples. Pre-anthropic sedimentary environments allowed the definition of local natural Background Values. Enrichment Factors were then used for elements discrimination in terms of natural and anthropogenic inputs to the system. While subsurface results displayed a similar behaviour in all cores, pointing to largely undisturbed system, surface sediments show significant contamination, with high enrichment factors for As, Cu, Pb, and Zn. Other metal pollutants have generally low enrichment values, suggesting natural conditions. Surface results were reproduced as metal enrichment maps which evidenced anthropogenic sources in specific locations. This work reveals the importance of combining subsurface and surface geochemical data with mapping techniques in order to better evaluate the environmental quality of a natural system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A M Sousa
- Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIMA), University of Algarve, Portugal.
| | - Joaquín Delgado
- Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Facultad de CCEE, Dpto. de Medios Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Spain
| | | | - Tomasz Boski
- Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIMA), University of Algarve, Portugal
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Wei T, Dong Z, Kang S, Zong C, Rostami M, Shao Y. Atmospheric deposition and contamination of trace elements in snowpacks of mountain glaciers in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Sci Total Environ 2019; 689:754-764. [PMID: 31280157 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the large-scale trace element deposition and anthropogenic pollution in mountain glaciers of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau (TP) and its surrounding regions, we analyzed Al and 13 trace elements (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, V, and Zn) in glacier snowpacks collected at the Yuzhufeng, Laohugou No.12, and Qiyi glaciers (YG, LG12, and QG, respectively) in the northeastern TP as well as in the Miaoergou Glacier (MG) in the eastern Tianshan Mountains in June 2017. The concentrations and enrichment factors (EFs) of most trace elements (e.g., As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Sb) showed that the largest value appeared in the MG, followed by LG12, and the lowest value appeared in the QG, thereby implying a decreasing influence of anthropogenic emissions on these elements from the west (MG) to the east (QG). The YG inversely exhibited high concentrations but low EFs for As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Pb, and Sb. Compared to the surrounding regions of the southern and western TP (e.g., NamCo, Mt. Everest, and Pamirs), Japan, and Kathmandu, the trace element concentrations were relatively higher at the YG and MG but relatively lower at the LG12 and QG. The spatial distribution characteristics of trace elements (e.g., Pb and Sb) exhibited a gradually decreasing concentration from west to east in the Tianshan Mountains, and from south to north in the TP, implying two potential transport routes of atmospheric pollutants from Central and South Asia to the northeastern TP. The Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) backward trajectory model and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations/Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIPSO/CALIOP) data reflected that these trace elements in the MG, LG12, and QG predominately originated from the western and surrounding areas, whereas in the YG they were mainly derived from a local source and South Asia through long-distance transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiwen Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology, University of Cologne, Cologne D-50923, Germany.
| | - Shichang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Chunlei Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Masoud Rostami
- Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology, University of Cologne, Cologne D-50923, Germany
| | - Yaping Shao
- Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology, University of Cologne, Cologne D-50923, Germany
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Jiao W, Niu Y, Niu Y, Li B, Zhao M. Quantitative identification of anthropogenic trace metal sources in surface river sediments from a hilly agricultural watershed, East China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:32266-32275. [PMID: 31598924 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06504-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative identification of anthropogenic trace metal sources in surface river sediments is vital for watershed pollution control and environmental safety. In this study, we developed a reliable approach by integrating enrichment factor (EF), multiple linear regression of absolute principal component scores (MLR-APCS), and Pb stable isotopes, and applied it to a typical hilly agricultural watershed in Eastern China. Results showed that trace metals have accumulated in the river sediments during long-term agricultural development, with special concern of Cu, Ni, Pb, and Cr that may pose adverse biological effects. Among them, Pb was the most anthropogenically impacted trace metal due to its high EF value, but its excessive concentration still did not exceed background concentration. Based on the excessive trace metal concentrations, atmospheric deposition, livestock manure, and chemical fertilizer were identified as the three major anthropogenic pollution sources, and their respective contributions were further estimated by using MLR-APCS model. Together with natural contributions, atmospheric deposition contributed on average 35.3%, 43.1%, and 30.4% of total Ni, Pb, and Cr concentrations in the sediments, respectively. Similarly, livestock manure contributed 41.0% of total Cu and 40.6% of total Zn concentrations, while chemical fertilizer was responsible for 44.3% of total Cd concentration. For Pb, the source contribution of atmospheric deposition to sediment pollution was also quantitatively assessed by isotopic analysis, which was generally close to the value of 43.1% and therefore verified the EF and MLR-APCS results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China.
- Institute of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Yuan Niu
- Institute of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yong Niu
- Institute of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Bao Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China
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Oremo J, Orata F, Owino J, Shivoga W. Assessment of heavy metals in benthic macroinvertebrates, water and sediments in River Isiukhu, Kenya. Environ Monit Assess 2019; 191:646. [PMID: 31620892 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7858-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A major ecological challenge facing freshwater resources such as rivers is the influx of chemical contaminants from anthropogenic sources. A report on the levels of heavy metals, namely Zn, Cu, Cr, Cd and Pb in benthic macroinvertebrates, sediments and water along River Isiukhu, within Lake Victoria catchment area in Kenya is presented. Families of benthic macroinvertebrates that were investigated included Gerridae, Baetidae and Unionidae. Samples were digested using the appropriate acid combination and analysed using Spectra AAS Varian 200. Physicochemical parameters were measured on-site using mobile Hydrolab Quanta. Pearson's correlation matrix and post hoc Tukey's test were used to show the relationship between metal concentrations in the various matrices at significant differences accepted at p ≤ 0.05. Positive correlations were obtained for heavy metal concentrations in sediments and benthic macroinvertebrates with significant correlations observed for Zn (r = 0.655, p = 0.029) and Cu (r = 0.641, p = 0.034). Sediments presented the highest range of heavy metal concentrations compared to water and benthic macroinvertebrates and presented the only matrix with quantifiable Pb levels. The range in heavy metal concentration in benthic macroinvertebrates samples were as follows: Zn, 30.73-46.64, 21.93-38.17, and 26.85-41.69 mg/kg, Cu, 1.17-6.54, 1.11-3.87 and 1.15-5.79 mg/kg, Cr, 0.47-1.61, 0.22-0.74 and 0.25-0.92 mg/kg, for families Unionidae, Baetidae and Gerridae respectively. Heavy metal concentration profile along the river indicated an influx of pollutants from anthropogenic sources due to rapid urbanization along the river.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Oremo
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya.
- Centre of Excellence in Water and Environmental Resource Management (CEWERM), Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya.
| | - Francis Orata
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya
- Centre of Excellence in Water and Environmental Resource Management (CEWERM), Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya
| | - Joseph Owino
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya
- Centre of Excellence in Water and Environmental Resource Management (CEWERM), Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya
| | - William Shivoga
- Centre of Excellence in Water and Environmental Resource Management (CEWERM), Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya
- Biological Sciences Department, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya
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Yuan Z, Luo T, Liu X, Hua H, Zhuang Y, Zhang X, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Xu W, Ren J. Tracing anthropogenic cadmium emissions: From sources to pollution. Sci Total Environ 2019; 676:87-96. [PMID: 31029903 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), a widely concerned heavy metal, is toxic to humans and ecosystems. In this paper, a Cd-polluted town in southeast China was selected to estimate the Cd emissions of human activities into surface water, soil and atmospheric environment. The analysis shows that the total amount of Cd emitted into the environment in 2015 was approximately 43.5 kg, and the majority of those emissions were discharged into the water, accounting for approximately 90.4% of the total Cd emissions. The remaining Cd emissions into the soil and atmosphere accounted for 9.5% and 0.1%, respectively. The industrial production (IP) is the dominant source of anthropogenic Cd emissions, which contributes to 62.1% of the total emissions. The other contributors include aquaculture (AQ), wastewater treatment (WT), living consumption (LC), crop farming (CF) and animal breeding (AB); each accounted for less than 10% of the total emissions. Pigment production is the largest source of IP emissions. According to the results of correlation analysis, the pigment enterprises are responsible for the heavy Cd pollution in local soil. By comparing the spatial position and combing with the local watercourses, the study reveals that the irrigated watercourse is the transmission channels of soil Cd pollution. This study contributes to the analysis of connecting the emission inventory, environmental media and transmission channels of the heavy metal Cd and provides policy supports for the local governments to adopt a life cycle Cd management approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengwei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Tao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Xuewei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Hui Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yujie Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Xuehua Zhang
- Lishui Institute of Ecological Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 211200, PR China
| | - Ling Zhang
- College of Economics and Management, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - You Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Weiwei Xu
- Geological Survey of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210018, PR China
| | - Jinghua Ren
- Geological Survey of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210018, PR China
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Han Y, Huang X, Wang C, Zhu B, He L. Characterizing oxygenated volatile organic compounds and their sources in rural atmospheres in China. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 81:148-155. [PMID: 30975317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) are important precursors and products of atmospheric secondary pollution. The sources of OVOCs, however, are still quite uncertain, especially in the atmosphere with much pollution in China. To study the sources of OVOCs in rural atmospheres, a proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) was deployed at a northern rural site (WD) and a southern rural site (YMK) in China during the summer of 2014 and 2016, respectively. The continuous observation showed that the mean concentration of TVOCs (totally 17 VOCs) measured at WD (52.4 ppbv) was far higher than that at YMK (11.1 ppbv), and the OVOCs were the most abundant at both the two sites. The diurnal variations showed that local sources of OVOCs were still prominent at WD, while regional transport influenced YMK much. The photochemical age-based parameterization method was then used to quantitatively apportion the sources of ambient OVOCs. The anthropogenic primary sources at WD and YMK contributed less (2%-16%) to each OVOC species. At both the sites, the atmospheric background had a dominant contribution (~50%) to acetone and formic acid, while the anthropogenic secondary formation was the main source (~40%) of methanol and MEK. For acetaldehyde and acetic acid, the biogenic sources were their largest source (~40%) at WD, while the background (39%) and anthropogenic secondary formation (42%) were their largest sources at YMK, respectively. This study reveals the complexity of sources of OVOCs in China, which urgently needs explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Han
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaofeng Huang
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Chuan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lingyan He
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Zhang H, Fu X, Wang X, Feng X. Measurements and Distribution of Atmospheric Particulate-Bound Mercury: A Review. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2019; 103:48-54. [PMID: 31236633 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02663-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric particulate-bound mercury (PBM) plays an important role in the geochemical cycling of mercury (Hg). This study reviewed research progress of the PBM, including the possible emission and deposition pathways, measurement methods and the global distribution. The primary PBM sources are anthropogenic sources, but natural sources could be also a considerable contributor, for instance, chemical transport and dust in the arid and desert area. Different filter methods, such as quartz fibre filters, have been applied to the PBM measurement, and PBM can also be real-time monitored automatically. Generally, the average PBM concentrations were higher in the Northern Hemisphere than in the Southern Hemisphere. However, the PBM level of Antarctica is quite high. PBM concentrations were higher in the urban areas than in the remote areas, and there was a high PBM level in the developing countries. Moreover, high PBM concentrations were observed in the range 20°-60° of northern latitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550002, China.
| | - Xuewu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550002, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550002, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xinbin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550002, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an, 710061, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Liu C, Fu X, Zhang H, Ming L, Xu H, Zhang L, Feng X. Sources and outflows of atmospheric mercury at Mt. Changbai, northeastern China. Sci Total Environ 2019; 663:275-284. [PMID: 30711594 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), particulate bound mercury (PBM), and gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM) were continuously measured at a remote site in northeastern China from July 2013 to July 2014. Mean (±1SD) concentrations of the hourly data of GEM, PBM, and GOM were 1.68 ± 0.47 ng m-3, 16.6 ± 15.2 pg m-3, and 5.4 ± 6.4 pg m-3, respectively. Concentration-weighted trajectory (CWT) analysis suggested that the potential source regions of GEM and GOM observed at this site were northern and eastern China. GEM and GOM CWT values significantly correlated with anthropogenic Hg emissions, suggesting that long-range transport of anthropogenic Hg emissions played an important role in GEM and GOM pollutions in remote areas of northeastern China. On the other hand, long-range transport of anthropogenic PBM emissions from eastern and northeastern China combined with large-scale biomass burning in Northeast Asia likely dominated PBM pollution. Principal component analysis (PCA) results, making use of the combined data sets of speciated atmospheric Hg, trace elements, and meteorological parameters, suggested that coal combustion and non-ferrous metal smelting contributed significantly to all the Hg species at this site, while the other anthropogenic sources in China also had a major impact on GEM. Forward air mass trajectory analysis revealed that outflows of GEM from northeastern China may have a potential impact on GEM pollutions in remote and oceanic areas in Northeast Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Xuewu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Lili Ming
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Hao Xu
- Open Research Station of Changbai Mountain Forest Ecosystems, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yanbian 133613, China
| | - Leiming Zhang
- Air Quality Research Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xinbin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China
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Du Z, Xiao C, Furdui VI, Zhang W. The perchlorate record during 1956-2004 from Tienshan ice core, East Asia. Sci Total Environ 2019; 656:1121-1132. [PMID: 30625644 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Perchlorate concentration in a shallow ice core at Tienshan, East Asia ranged between 0.55 and 52.1 ng L-1, with significant temporal variations during 1956-2004. Since the 1980s, a clear increasing trend of perchlorate was observed in the Miaoergou ice core, possibly the result of elevated stratospheric chlorine levels caused by emissions of anthropogenic volatile chlorine compounds. Although differences in trends and amounts were observed, the 1956-2004 perchlorate data from this study compares well with the perchlorate data from the High Arctic ice cores. The spatial and temporal differences of the perchlorate in Miaoergou ice core may be due to differences in anthropogenic sources. Such as, the nitrate ore field in Turpan-Hami Basin in eastern Xinjiang, China, may be the primary anthropogenic source. From the organic chlorine species emission data, HCFC-141b, HCFC-142b and HCFC-124 were identified as the primary anthropogenic sources responsible for the two perchlorate spikes observed for 1980-1996 and 1997-2001. The Miaoergou ice core covering the 1956-2004 period provides further evidence for the perchlorate deposition variations between mid-latitudes and the High Arctic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Cunde Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Vasile I Furdui
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, 125 Resources Road, Toronto, ON M9P 3V6, Canada
| | - Wangbin Zhang
- Nanjing University School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Chifflet S, Amouroux D, Bérail S, Barre J, Van TC, Baltrons O, Brune J, Dufour A, Guinot B, Mari X. Origins and discrimination between local and regional atmospheric pollution in Haiphong (Vietnam), based on metal(loid) concentrations and lead isotopic ratios in PM 10. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:26653-26668. [PMID: 30003484 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2722-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Southeast Asia is a hotspot of anthropogenic emissions where episodes of recurrent and prolonged atmospheric pollution can lead to the formation of large haze events, giving rise to wide plumes which spread over adjacent oceans and neighbouring countries. Trace metal concentrations and Pb isotopic ratios in atmospheric particulate matter < 10 μm (PM10) were used to track the origins and the transport pathways of atmospheric pollutants. This approach was used for fortnightly PM10 collections over a complete annual cycle in Haiphong, northern Vietnam. Distinct seasonal patterns were observed for the trace metal concentration in PM10, with a maximum during the Northeast (NE) monsoon and a minimum during the Southeast (SE) monsoon. Some elements (As, Cd, Mn) were found in excess according to the World Health Organization guidelines. Coal combustion was highlighted with enrichment factors of As, Cd, Se, and Sb, but these inputs were outdistanced by other anthropogenic activities. V/Ni and Cu/Sb ratios were found to be markers of oil combustion, while Pb/Cd and Zn/Pb ratios were found to be markers of industrial activities. Pb isotopic composition in PM10 revealed an important contribution of soil dusts (45-60%). In PM10, the Pb fraction due to oil combustion was correlated with dominant airflow pathways (31% during the north-easterlies and 20% during the south-easterlies), and the Pb fraction resulting from industrial emissions was stable (around 28%) throughout the year. During the SE monsoon, Pb inputs were mainly attributed to resuspension of local soil dusts (about 90%), and during the NE monsoon, the increase of Pb inPM10 was due to the mixing of local and regional inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Chifflet
- CNRS, IRD, MIO UM110, Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, 13288, Marseille, France.
| | - David Amouroux
- CNRS/UNIV PAU & PAYS ADOUR, Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les matériaux, UMR5264, 64000, Pau, France
| | - Sylvain Bérail
- CNRS/UNIV PAU & PAYS ADOUR, Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les matériaux, UMR5264, 64000, Pau, France
| | - Julien Barre
- CNRS/UNIV PAU & PAYS ADOUR, Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les matériaux, UMR5264, 64000, Pau, France
| | - Thuoc Chu Van
- Institute of Marine Environment and Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Danang, Haiphong, 246, Vietnam
| | - Oriol Baltrons
- CNRS/UNIV PAU & PAYS ADOUR, Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les matériaux, UMR5264, 64000, Pau, France
| | - Justine Brune
- IRD, UMR 5119 ECOSYM, Université Montpellier II, Montpellier, France
| | - Aurélie Dufour
- CNRS, IRD, MIO UM110, Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Benjamin Guinot
- Laboratoire d'Aérologie, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 14 avenue Edouard-Belin, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Xavier Mari
- CNRS, IRD, MIO UM110, Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, 13288, Marseille, France
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Guinoiseau D, Louvat P, Paris G, Chen JB, Chetelat B, Rocher V, Guérin S, Gaillardet J. Are boron isotopes a reliable tracer of anthropogenic inputs to rivers over time? Sci Total Environ 2018; 626:1057-1068. [PMID: 29898514 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aims at determining how the boron signal of the Seine River evolved in terms of concentration and isotopic signatures over eighteen years (1994-95 and 2006-12) and if boron isotopes can reliably trace anthropogenic inputs over time. In the anthropised Seine River watershed, boron is widely released by human activities, and even if boron concentrations ([B]) are below the potability limit, our study confirms the potential of boron isotopes (δ11B) to trace urban anthropogenic contaminations. Between 1994 and 2012, [B] have decreased across the anthropised part of the Seine River basin (and by a factor of two in Paris) while δ11B has increased. This means either that urban inputs have been reduced or that the boron signature of urban inputs has changed over time. Both hypotheses are in agreement with the decrease of perborate consumption in Europe over 15years and are not mutually exclusive. Results of a thorough analysis of urban effluents from the sewage network of Paris conurbation that are in fine released to the Seine River suggest a shift of the urban δ11B from -10‰ in 1994 to 1.5±2.0‰ in 2012, in agreement with our second hypothesis. We attribute this change to the removal of perborates from detergents rather than to the modernisation of wastewater treatment network, because it does not significantly impact the wastewater boron signatures. Eighteen years after the first assessment and despite the decreased use of perborates, geochemical and isotopic mass budgets confirm, that boron in the Seine River basin is mainly released from urban activities (60-100%), especially in Paris and the downstream part of the basin. Contrastingly, in headwaters and/or tributaries with low urbanisation, the relative boron input to river from agricultural practices and rains increased, up to 10% and by 10 to 30%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Guinoiseau
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS UMR 7154, Université Denis Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 1 rue Jussieu, 75238 Paris Cedex 05, France; Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Climate Geochemistry Department, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Pascale Louvat
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS UMR 7154, Université Denis Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 1 rue Jussieu, 75238 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Guillaume Paris
- Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy 54501, France
| | - Jiu-Bin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, CAS, 550081 Guiyang, PR China
| | - Benjamin Chetelat
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, CAS, 550081 Guiyang, PR China
| | - Vincent Rocher
- SIAAP, Direction of Development & Prospect, F-92700 Colombes, France
| | - Sabrina Guérin
- SIAAP, Direction of Development & Prospect, F-92700 Colombes, France
| | - Jérôme Gaillardet
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS UMR 7154, Université Denis Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 1 rue Jussieu, 75238 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Lazo P, Steinnes E, Qarri F, Allajbeu S, Kane S, Stafilov T, Frontasyeva MV, Harmens H. Origin and spatial distribution of metals in moss samples in Albania: A hotspot of heavy metal contamination in Europe. Chemosphere 2018; 190:337-349. [PMID: 29017111 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the spatial distribution of 37 elements in 48 moss samples collected over the whole territory of Albania and provides information on sources and factors controlling the concentrations of elements in the moss. High variations of trace metals indicate that the concentrations of elements are affected by different factors. Relations between the elements in moss, geochemical interpretation of the data, and secondary effects such as redox conditions generated from local soil and/or long distance atmospheric transport of the pollutants are discussed. Zr normalized data, and the ratios of different elements are calculated to assess the origin of elements present in the current moss samples with respect to different geogenic and anthropogenic inputs. Factor analysis (FA) is used to identify the most probable sources of the elements. Four dominant factors are identified, i.e. natural contamination; dust emission from local mining operations; atmospheric transport of contaminants from local and long distance sources; and contributions from air borne marine salts. Mineral particle dust from local emission sources is classified as the most important factor affecting the atmospheric deposition of elements accumulated in the current moss samples. The open slag dumps of mining operation in Albania is probably the main factor contributing to high contents of Cr, Ni, Fe, Ti and Al in the moss. Enrichment factors (EF) were calculated to clarify whether the elements in the present moss samples mainly originate from atmospheric deposition and/or local substrate materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranvera Lazo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tirana, Blv. "Zog I", Tirana 1001, Albania.
| | - Eiliv Steinnes
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim NO-7491, Norway
| | - Flora Qarri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vlora, Vlora, Albania
| | | | - Sonila Kane
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vlora, Vlora, Albania
| | - Trajce Stafilov
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sts. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Marina V Frontasyeva
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980, Russia
| | - Harry Harmens
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
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Hou Y, Chen W, Liao Y, Luo Y. Scenario analysis of the impacts of socioeconomic development on phosphorous export and loading from the Dongting Lake watershed, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:26706-26723. [PMID: 28956238 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0138-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Socioeconomic development in lake watersheds is closely related with lake nutrient pollution. As the second largest freshwater lake in China, the Dongting Lake has been experiencing an increase in nutrient loading and a growing risk of eutrophication. This study aimed to reveal the likely impacts of the socioeconomic development of the Dongting Lake watershed on the phosphorous pollution in the lake. We estimated the contributions from different sources and sub-watersheds to the total phosphorous (TP) export and loading from the Dongting Lake watershed under two most likely socioeconomic development scenarios. Moreover, we predicted the likely permissible and actual TP loadings to the Dongting Lake. Under both two scenarios, three secondary sub-watersheds-the upper and lower reaches of the Xiang River watershed and the Dongting Lake Area-are expected to dominate the contribution to the TP export from the Dongting Lake watershed in 2020. Three primary sub-watersheds-the Dongting Lake Area, the Xiang River, and the Yuan River watersheds-are predicted to be the major contributors to the TP loading from the entire watershed. The two scenarios are expected to have a slight difference in TP export and lake TP loading. Livestock husbandry is expected to be the predominant anthropogenic TP source in each of the sub-watersheds under both scenarios. Compared to 2010, permissible TP loading is not expected to increase but actual TP loading is predicted to grow significantly in 2020. Our study provides methodologies to identify the key sources and regions of lake nutrient loading from watersheds with complex socioeconomic context, and to reveal the potential influences of socioeconomic development on nutrient pollution in lake watersheds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Weiping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Yuehua Liao
- Hunan Province Environmental Monitoring Center, 118 Wanjiali Middle Road Section 3, Changsha, 410014, China
| | - Yueping Luo
- Hunan Province Environmental Monitoring Center, 118 Wanjiali Middle Road Section 3, Changsha, 410014, China
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Lee S, Han C, Shin D, Hur SD, Jun SJ, Kim YT, Byun DS, Hong S. Characteristics of elemental and Pb isotopic compositions in aerosols (PM 10-2.5) at the Ieodo Ocean Research Station in the East China Sea. Environ Pollut 2017; 231:154-164. [PMID: 28800484 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A total of 82 aerosol samples (PM10-2.5) were collected from June 18, 2015 to October 1, 2016 at the remote sea site, the Ieodo Ocean Research Station (IORS), in the East China Sea. Samples were analyzed for 10 elements (Al, Fe, Cu, Zn, As, Mo, Cd, Sb, Tl, and Pb) as well as Pb isotopic composition to characterize temporal variations in elemental concentration levels, and to identify the potential source regions of atmospheric pollutants transported over the remote East China Sea. The results showed that the annual average element concentrations were lowest compared to those at different sites in East Asia, suggesting a very clean background area of IORS, with values ranging from 114 ng m-3 for Al to 0.045 ng m-3 for Tl. Concentrations averaged seasonally for all the elements revealed the highest levels occurring between winter and spring, and the lowest levels in summer. High enrichment factors (EF) of more than 100 for trace elements suggest that these elements originated mostly from anthropogenic sources. Coupling the Pb isotopic composition with a back trajectory analysis identified the potential source regions for each sample. Our approach identified China as a dominant contributor affecting atmospheric composition changes at IORS, the remote area of the East China Sea. As the largest anthropogenic emission source in East Asia, China contributed to almost 100% of the elemental concentration levels in winter and spring, ∼53% in summer and ∼63% in autumn. Because IORS's ambient air is sensitive to even slight changes in pollutant loading due to the significantly low pollution levels, long-term monitoring of air quality at IORS will provide invaluable information on the progress and efforts of atmospheric pollution management linked to emission controls in East Asian countries, especially China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghee Lee
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; National Institute of Environmental Research, Hwangyong-ro 42, Seogu, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhee Han
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Daechol Shin
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Do Hur
- Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Joon Jun
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Taeg Kim
- Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Agency, 351 Haeyang-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Seong Byun
- Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Agency, 351 Haeyang-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmin Hong
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
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Siudek P, Frankowski M. The effect of sources and air mass transport on the variability of trace element deposition in central Poland: a cluster-based approach. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:23026-23038. [PMID: 28822040 PMCID: PMC5630644 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9932-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of trace element (As, Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn) deposition fluxes were conducted simultaneously in two contrasted environments, i.e., urban and forest, between April 2013 and October 2014. This was the first such project in central Poland, aimed at long-term observations of trace elements in the atmosphere and their distribution, transport, and deposition pattern. The receptor sites were different in terms of local meteorological conditions, emission potential, and distance to major anthropogenic sources. The deposition fluxes of all trace elements showed clear seasonal variations, with relatively higher values in winter than in summer. The main factors affecting interannual differences in concentrations and deposition of trace elements in central Poland were local emission from industrial and commercial sources, and changes in atmospheric conditions (wind speed and direction, boundary layer, precipitation amount, air mass origin). In this study, the impact of regional and long-range transport on trace element deposition was determined using the air back-trajectory cluster analysis. During the summertime of 2013 and 2014, the predominant SW and E advections from regional and remote anthropogenic sources in Europe were responsible for high deposition of Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu, and Zn, whereas during the wintertime of 2013/2014, we observed a significant influence of polluted air masses from southeastern regions. Based on the Pb/Zn ratio, it was found that regional sources significantly influenced the aerosol composition and rainwater chemistry within the study domain. However, the role of a long-range transport of anthropogenic pollutants was also important. In addition, a relatively small difference in the Pb/Zn ratio between both sites (urban 0.26 ± 0.18, forest 0.23 ± 0.17) may suggest (1) very similar contribution of anthropogenic sources and (2) minor importance of atmospheric transformation processes of these metals in the aqueous phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Siudek
- National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kołłątaja 1 Street, 81-332, Gdynia, Poland.
- Department of Water and Soil Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89b Street, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Marcin Frankowski
- Department of Water and Soil Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89b Street, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
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Shang D, Hu M, Guo Q, Zou Q, Zheng J, Guo S. Effects of continental anthropogenic sources on organic aerosols in the coastal atmosphere of East China. Environ Pollut 2017; 229:350-361. [PMID: 28609736 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Although organic compounds in marine atmospheric aerosols have significant effects on climate and marine ecosystems, they have rarely been studied, especially in the coastal regions of East China. To assess the origins of the organic aerosols in the East China coastal atmosphere, PM2.5 samples were collected from the atmospheres of the Yellow Sea, the East China Sea, and Changdao Island during the CAPTAIN (Campaign of Air PolluTion At INshore Areas of Eastern China) field campaign in the spring of 2011. The marine atmospheric aerosol samples that were collected were grouped based on the backward trajectories of their air masses. The organic carbon concentrations in the PM2.5 samples from the marine and Changdao Island atmospheres were 5.5 ± 3.1 μgC/m3 and 6.9 ± 2.4 μgC/m3, respectively, which is higher than in other coastal water atmospheres. The concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the marine atmospheric PM2.5 samples was 17.0 ± 20.2 ng/m3, indicating significant continental anthropogenic influences. The influences of fossil fuels and biomass burning on the composition of organic aerosols in the coastal atmosphere of East China were found to be highly dependent on the origins of the air masses. Diesel combustion had a strong impact on air masses from the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), and gasoline emissions had a more significant impact on the "North China" marine atmospheric samples. The "Northeast China" marine atmospheric samples were most impacted by biomass burning. Coal combustion contributed significantly to the compositions of all of the atmospheric samples. The proportions of secondary compounds increased as samples aged in the marine atmosphere indicating that photochemical oxidation occured during transport. Our results quantified ecosystem effects on marine atmospheric aerosols and highlighted the uncertainties that arise when modeling marine atmospheric PM2.5 without considering high spatial resolution source data and meteorological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjie Shang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Min Hu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Sciences and Advanced Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Qingfeng Guo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qi Zou
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Song Guo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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