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Santoro N, Singer DM, Mulvey BK, Halasa K, Teutsch N, Shedleski A, Wood M. Neighborhood-scale lead (Pb) speciation in Akron, Ohio (USA) soils: primary sources, post-deposition diagenesis, and high concentrations of labile Pb. Environ Geochem Health 2024; 46:164. [PMID: 38592563 PMCID: PMC11003916 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-01954-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) poses a significant risk to infants and children through exposure to contaminated soil and dust. However, there is a lack of information on Pb speciation and distribution at the neighborhood-scale. This work aimed to determine: (1) the distribution of acid-extractable (labile) Pb and other metals ([M]AE) in two neighborhoods in Akron, Ohio (USA) (Summit Lake and West Akron; n = 82 samples); and (2) Pb speciation and potential sources. Total metal concentration ([M]T) and [M]AE was strongly correlated for Pb and Zn (R2 of 0.66 and 0.55, respectively), corresponding to 35% and 33% acid-extractability. Lead and Zn exhibited a strong positive correlation with each other (R2 = 0.56 for MT and 0.68 for MAE). Three types of Pb-bearing phases were observed by electron microscopy: (1) galena (PbS)-like (5-10 μm); (2) paint chip residuals (10-20 μm); and (3) Pb-bearing Fe-oxides (20 μm). Isotope ratio values for PbAE were 1.159 to 1.245 for 206Pb/207Pb, and 1.999 to 2.098 for 208Pb/206Pb, and there was a statistically significant difference between the two neighborhoods (p = 0.010 for 206Pb/207Pb and p = 0.009 for 208Pb/206Pb). Paint and petrol are the dominant sources of Pb, with some from coal and fly ash. Lead speciation and distribution is variable and reflects a complex relationship between the input of primary sources and post-deposition transformations. This work highlights the importance of community science collaborations to expand the reach of soil sampling and establish areas most at risk based on neighborhood-dependent Pb speciation and distribution for targeted remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Santoro
- Department of Earth Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - David M Singer
- Department of Earth Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA.
| | - Bridget K Mulvey
- School of Teaching, Learning and Curriculum Studies, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | | | - Nadya Teutsch
- Geochemistry and Environmental Geology Division, Geological Survey of Israel, 9692100, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Allie Shedleski
- Department of Earth Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Madison Wood
- Department of Earth Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
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2
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Lin Y, Wu Z, Ke H, Chen H, Xu Y, Lin J, Liu Y, Xu F, Huang D, Wang Y, Li T, Cai M. Heavy metals and Pb isotopes in sediment cores from the Bering and Chukchi seas: Implications for environmental changes and human activities over the past century. Mar Environ Res 2023; 191:106129. [PMID: 37586223 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The Bering Sea and the Chukchi Sea are important regions for marine ecosystems and climate change. However, the historical deposition and sources of metals in these regions are poorly understood. In this study, we utilized Pb isotopes and multi-element concentrations (Ni, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cd, Pb) coupled with Pb-210 dating to investigate the historical deposition and source identification of metals in sediment cores collected from the Bering Sea and the Chukchi Sea. Our findings reveal that the transport of organic matter was mainly transported by marine and terrestrial sources in the Bering and Chukchi Sea, respectively. Historical variations of metals were similar in both seas, showing an increasing trend of metals (excluding Mn) from the 1960s to the 1990s, followed by a gradual decrease after the 1990s, which can be attributed to the development of industrial and gasoline emission. The results of the geo-accumulation index indicated that sediment in both seas was relatively unpolluted with metals. Additionally, Pb isotopic ratios suggested that natural weathering was the primary source of Pb in the area, but the use and phase-out of gasoline were also well-reconstructed. This study provides valuable information for assessing environmental changes and human activities over the past century in the Arctic and subarctic Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Membrane Research and Application, Xiamen 361024, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry and Application Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; College of Oceanography and Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry and Application Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; College of Oceanography and Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Hongwei Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry and Application Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; College of Oceanography and Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Huorong Chen
- The Monitoring Center of Marine Environment and Fishery Resources, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Ye Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry and Application Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jin Lin
- The Third Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yanguang Liu
- College of Oceanography and Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Fangjian Xu
- The First Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Dongren Huang
- University of Petroleum, Institute of Earth Resources and Information, Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Oceanography and Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Tianyao Li
- College of Oceanography and Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Minggang Cai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry and Application Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; College of Oceanography and Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; The Monitoring Center of Marine Environment and Fishery Resources, Fuzhou 350003, China.
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Woo JS, Choi MS, Song YH. Spatio-temporal accumulation and sources of anthropogenic Pb in Ulleung Basin sediments, East/Japan Sea, based on stable Pb isotope ratios. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:89442-89458. [PMID: 37453008 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28773-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation, pathways, and sources of anthropogenic lead (Pb) in Ulleung Basin sediments were investigated based on the temporal and spatial variations in the Pb concentration and stable Pb isotopes for 21 dated box core sediments collected from the shelf, slope, and basin in the southern East/Japan Sea. Leached (1 M HCl) Pb concentrations and isotope ratios (207Pb/206Pb and 208Pb/206Pb) were nearly constant before 1930, but have increased rapidly until the present. The primary source of anthropogenic Pb is considered to be atmospheric deposition, showing the signature of a mixture of leaded gasoline and coals, which was the major anthropogenic source in the basin. However, after the 1990s, anthropogenic Pb from dumping materials added as much as 10-25% to the slope sediment and has been spreading out from the water column accompanied by the movement of the East Sea Intermediate Water. In shelf areas, inputs from nonferrous refineries in the coastal industrial complexes play an important role in pollution from anthropogenic Pb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Sik Woo
- Division of Environmental Chemistry, Geosystem Research Coporation, Gunpo, 15807, Korea
| | - Man-Sik Choi
- Department of Marine Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daehakro 99, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34134, Korea.
| | - Yun-Ho Song
- Institute of Coastal Management & Technology, Muan, 58552, Korea
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4
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Liu P, Wu Q, Hu W, Tian K, Huang B, Zhao Y. Effects of atmospheric deposition on heavy metals accumulation in agricultural soils: Evidence from field monitoring and Pb isotope analysis. Environ Pollut 2023; 330:121740. [PMID: 37121303 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric deposition is an essential pathway of heavy metals (HMs) from the atmosphere to soils, while few studies assess the effects and contributions of atmospheric deposition on HMs accumulations in agricultural soils from the field and regional scales. In this study, eleven representative field monitoring sites from industrial areas, agricultural areas, and reference site in a typical rapid industrial development region were selected to determine the effects of atmospheric deposition on soil HMs accumulation. Industrial activities significantly increased the deposited particles flux from atmospheric deposition, with annual particles fluxes in industrial areas being 1.83 and 1.90 times higher than in agricultural areas and reference site, respectively. Although the HMs deposition fluxes had decreased significantly with time by literature comparison, the deposition fluxes of Cd and Pb were still at high levels in this study area. Precipitation was the key factor affecting seasonal variations of atmospheric HMs deposition. Lead isotope analysis indicated that atmospheric Pb originated from coal combustion, and atmospheric deposition was the primary source of Pb contamination in agricultural soil adjacent to industries. This study provided insight into the effects of atmospheric deposition on agricultural soil HMs accumulations at the regional scale and an important theoretical basis for source-preventing soil HMs contamination in industrial developed and other similar areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiumei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenyou Hu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Kang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Biao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yongcun Zhao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
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Xu F, Yang R, Wang H, He X, Li W, Wei Y, Bao L, Yuan J, Tong H. Sources and historical records of metal(loid)s in river sediments from an agricultural tributary of Tuojiang river: Evidence from geochemical analyses and Pb isotope. Chemosphere 2023; 322:138169. [PMID: 36812994 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Clarifying the sources and historical variation of metal(loid)s in agricultural river sediments is vital for watershed contamination control and environmental improvements. In this study, a systematical geochemical investigation of Pb isotopic characteristics and the spatial-temporal distribution of metal(loid)s abundances was conducted to delineate the origins of metal(loid)s (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, and As) in sediments from an agricultural river, Sichuan Province, Southwest China. The results showed significant enrichment of Cd and Zn in the whole watershed, with substantial anthropogenic contributions of 86.1% and 63.1% for the surface sediments, and 79.1% and 67.9% for the core sediments, respectively. As was mainly derived from natural sources. Cu, Cr, and Pb were originated from the mixing sources of natural and anthropogenic processes. The anthropogenic origin of Cd, Zn, and Cu in the watershed was closely correlated with agricultural activities. The profile of EF-Cd and EF-Zn displayed an increasing trend from the 1960s-1990s, and then kept a high value, which was consistent with the development of national agricultural activities. Pb isotopic signatures suggested multiple sources of the anthropogenic Pb contamination, including industrial/sewage discharge, coal combustion, and vehicle exhaust. The average anthropogenic 206Pb/207Pb ratio (1.1585) approximated that of local aerosols (1.1660), suggesting aerosol deposition was a crucial pathway of anthropogenic Pb input to sediment. Furthermore, the anthropogenic Pb percentages (mean of 52.3 ± 10.3%) from the EF approach were in line with that from the Pb isotopic method (mean of 45.5 ± 13.3%) for sediments under intense anthropogenic impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, People's Republic of China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, People's Republic of China; College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, People's Republic of China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, People's Republic of China; College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, People's Republic of China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, People's Republic of China; College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia He
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, People's Republic of China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, People's Republic of China; College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, People's Republic of China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, People's Republic of China; College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Wei
- College of Environment and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, People's Republic of China; Sichuan Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlin Bao
- Sichuan Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfei Yuan
- Chengdu Center of China Geological Survey, Chengdu, 610081, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjin Tong
- Sichuan Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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Kobayashi H, Garnier J, Mulholland DS, Quantin C, Haurine F, Tonha M, Joko C, Olivetti D, Freydier R, Seyler P, Martinez JM, Roig HL. Exploring a new approach for assessing the fate and behavior of the tailings released by the Brumadinho dam collapse (Minas Gerais, Brazil). J Hazard Mater 2023; 448:130828. [PMID: 36731315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In 2019, the Brumadinho dam rupture released a massive amount of iron ore mining tailings into the Paraopeba River. Up to now, it remains a public health issue for the local and downstream populations. The present study aims to assess the behavior and fate of metal contamination following the disaster. Using new sampling strategies and up-to-date geochemistry tools, we show that the dissolved metal concentrations (< 0.22 µm cutoff filtration) remained low in the Paraopeba River. Although the tailings present high metal concentrations (Fe, Mn, Cd, and As), the high local background contents of metals and other previous anthropogenic contamination hamper tracing the sediment source based only on the geochemical signature. The Pb isotopic composition coupled with the metals enrichment factor of sediments and Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) constitutes accurate proxies that trace the fate and dispersion of tailing particles downstream of the dam collapse. This approach shows that 1) The influence of the released tailing was restricted to the Paraopeba River and the Retiro Baixo reservoir, located upstream of the São Francisco River; 2) The tailings' contribution to particulate load ranged from 17 % to 88 % in the Paraopeba River; 3) Other regional anthropogenic activities also contribute to water and sediment contamination of the Paraopeba river.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikari Kobayashi
- Geoscience Institute, University of Brasilia, Asa Norte, 70910-900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil; Joint International Laboratory LMI OCE "Observatory of Environmental Change', UnB/IRD, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Jeremie Garnier
- Geoscience Institute, University of Brasilia, Asa Norte, 70910-900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil; Joint International Laboratory LMI OCE "Observatory of Environmental Change', UnB/IRD, Brasilia, DF, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Santos Mulholland
- Laboratório de Análises Ambientais - Química Ambiental, Universidade Federal de Tocantins, Rua Badejós, Lote 7, Chácaras 69/72, Gurupi 77402-970, TO, Brazil
| | - Cecile Quantin
- GEOPS, Université, Paris Saclay - CNRS, UMR 8148, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Haurine
- GEOPS, Université, Paris Saclay - CNRS, UMR 8148, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Myller Tonha
- Geoscience Institute, University of Brasilia, Asa Norte, 70910-900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil; Joint International Laboratory LMI OCE "Observatory of Environmental Change', UnB/IRD, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Caio Joko
- National Institute of Criminalistics, Brazilian Federal Police, SAIS Quadra 07, Lote 23, 70610-200 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Diogo Olivetti
- Geoscience Institute, University of Brasilia, Asa Norte, 70910-900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Remi Freydier
- HSM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Seyler
- Joint International Laboratory LMI OCE "Observatory of Environmental Change', UnB/IRD, Brasilia, DF, Brazil; HSM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Michel Martinez
- Géoscience Environnement Toulouse, GET, UMR 5563 (CNRS/UPS/IRD), Toulouse University, France
| | - Henrique Llacer Roig
- Geoscience Institute, University of Brasilia, Asa Norte, 70910-900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil; Joint International Laboratory LMI OCE "Observatory of Environmental Change', UnB/IRD, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
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Baieta R, Ettler V, Vaněk A, Drahota P, Kříbek B, Nyambe I, Mihaljevič M. Smelter-derived soil contamination in Luanshya, Zambia. Sci Total Environ 2023; 867:161405. [PMID: 36621473 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Extensive mining and smelting contributed to the declining quality of Luanshya soils. The local smelter was the epicenter of contamination as shown by a spatial distribution analysis. Closeby soil profiles smelter exhibit extremely high Cu concentrations (up to 46,000 mg kg-1 Cu) relative to deeper layers where only background levels of trace elements were observed. A remote profile did not exhibit significant contamination. Lead isotopic ratios revealed that Pb contamination in the Luanshya soils was not smelter-derived. It was shown in this way that the historical usage of leaded gasoline was the main source of this metal. Although the Luanshya smelter also produced Co, this metal was not an important contaminant. Copper leaching was a concern in Luanshya. Upwards of 52 % of Cu was extractable in the exchangeable step of a sequential extraction procedure (SEP), but only for samples where Cu concentrations were high, suggesting that Cu was released exclusively from anthropogenic particles. This was supported by the SEP results for similar depths at the remote soil, where only a small fraction of Cu was labile (5.6 %). Lead and Co were strongly bound in the soils throughout. The excess of Cu in the topsoils was mostly bound in smelter-derived particles. These appeared as spherical fast-cooled droplets composed mostly of sulfides, oxides, and glass. X-ray diffraction and electron probe microanalysis of those particles allowed for a phase classification. Compositions were regularly not stoichiometric so most particles were classified as intermediate solid solutions. However, molecular proportions often closely resembled those of bornite, chalcanthite, cuprospinel, covellite, delafossite, diginite, or hydrous ferric oxides. Concentrations of Cu were often 100 % near the center of the particles indicating an inefficient smelting process. Weathering to some degree was common, which in conjunction with the susceptibility of Cu leaching was highly alarming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Baieta
- Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, CZ-128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Vojtěch Ettler
- Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, CZ-128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Vaněk
- Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Drahota
- Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, CZ-128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Bohdan Kříbek
- Czech Geological Survey, Geologická 6, Prague 152 00 5, Czech Republic
| | - Imasiku Nyambe
- University of Zambia, School of Mines, Department of Geology, POB 32 379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Martin Mihaljevič
- Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, CZ-128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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Ibañez-Del Rivero C, Fry KL, Gillings MM, Barlow CF, Aelion CM, Taylor MP. Sources, pathways and concentrations of potentially toxic trace metals in home environments. Environ Res 2023; 220:115173. [PMID: 36584841 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite ongoing concerns about trace metal and metalloid (trace metals) exposure risks from indoor dust, there has been limited research examining their sources and relationship to outdoor soils. Here we determine the concentrations and sources for potentially toxic trace metals arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) and their pathways into homes in Sydney, Australia, using home-matched indoor dust (n = 166), garden soil (n = 166), and road dust samples (n = 51). All trace metals were more elevated indoors versus their matched garden soil counterparts. Indoor Cu and Zn dust concentrations were significantly more enriched than outdoor dusts and soils, indicating indoor sources were more relevant for these elements. By contrast, even though Pb was elevated in indoor dust, garden soil concentrations were correspondingly high, indicating that it remains an important source and pathway for indoor contamination. Elevated concentrations of As, Pb and Zn in garden soil and indoor dust were associated with home age (>50 years), construction materials, recent renovations and deteriorating interior paint. Significant correlations (p < 0.05) between road dust and garden soil Cu concentrations, and those of As and Zn in soil and indoor dust, and Pb across all three media suggest common sources. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of indoor dust samples (n = 6) showed that 57% of particles were derived from outdoor sources. Lead isotopic compositions of soil (n = 21) and indoor dust (n = 21) were moderately correlated, confirming the relevance of outdoor contaminants to indoor environments. This study illustrates the source, relationship and fate of trace metals between outdoor and indoor environments. The findings provide insight into understanding and responding to potentially toxic trace metal exposures in the home environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Ibañez-Del Rivero
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
| | - Kara L Fry
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia; Environment Protection Authority Victoria, EPA Science, Centre for Applied Sciences, Ernest Jones Drive, Macleod, Melbourne, Victoria, 3085, Australia
| | - Max M Gillings
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
| | - Cynthia F Barlow
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia; The Australian Centre for Housing Research, Faculty of Arts, Business, Law and Economics, University of Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - C Marjorie Aelion
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Mark Patrick Taylor
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia; Environment Protection Authority Victoria, EPA Science, Centre for Applied Sciences, Ernest Jones Drive, Macleod, Melbourne, Victoria, 3085, Australia.
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9
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Li Y, Wang Y, Liu J, Gustave W, Zeng L, Xu J, Liu X. A lifelong journey of lead in soil profiles at an abandoned e-waste recycling site: Past, present, and future. Environ Pollut 2023; 320:121097. [PMID: 36657515 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollutants resulting from human activities consistently move from the topsoil to the subsoil profiles under the influence of rainfall leaching. This study intends to predict the long-term transport of heavy metals at an abandoned e-waste recycling site with respect to historical pollution activities, land use, and metal pollutant dynamics. Our results showed that the site was seriously contaminated with heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) in the soil profiles. More specifically, Cu and Zn accumulated primarily in the upper layers of the soil profile owing to their weak mobility, while significant migration of Cd and Pb was observed in the deeper soil layers. Furthermore, to clarify the fate of Pb in soil profiles, Pb isotopes and the Hydrus model were used to trace the sources of Pb contamination and predict its long-term distribution. The Pb isotope results suggest that past e-waste recycling activities significantly contributed to the heavy metal concentration in the soil profiles; however, other anthropogenic sources such as vehicle exhaust had smaller impacts. Moreover, our model findings predicted that within the next 30 years, 60% of Pb contaminants will be concentrated in the surface soil. Together these results provide a theoretical foundation and scientific basis for evaluating, controlling, and remediating abandoned e-waste recycling sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiren Li
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yanni Wang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jian Liu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Williamson Gustave
- The School of Chemistry, Environmental & Life Sciences, University of the Bahamas, New Providence, Nassau, Bahamas
| | - Lingzao Zeng
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jianming Xu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xingmei Liu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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10
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Philippe M, Le Pape P, Resongles E, Landrot G, Freydier R, Bordier L, Baptiste B, Delbes L, Baya C, Casiot C, Ayrault S. Fate of antimony contamination generated by road traffic - A focus on Sb geochemistry and speciation in stormwater ponds. Chemosphere 2023; 313:137368. [PMID: 36574574 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Although antimony (Sb) contamination has been documented in urban areas, knowledge gaps remain concerning the contributions of the different sources to the Sb urban biogeochemical cycle, including non-exhaust road traffic emissions, urban materials leaching/erosion and waste incineration. Additionally, details are lacking about Sb chemical forms involved in urban soils, sediments and water bodies. Here, with the aim to document the fate of metallic contaminants emitted through non-exhaust traffic emissions in urban aquatic systems, we studied trace element contamination, with a particular focus on Sb geochemistry, in three highway stormwater pond systems, standing as models of surface environments receiving road-water runoff. In all systems, differentiated on the basis of lead isotopic signatures, Sb shows the higher enrichment factor with respect to the geochemical background, up to 130, compared to other traffic-related inorganic contaminants (Co, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb). Measurements of Sb isotopic composition (δ123Sb) performed on solid samples, including air-exposed dusts and underwater sediments, show an average signature of 0.07 ± 0.05‰ (n = 25, all sites), close to the δ123Sb value measured previously in certified reference material of road dust (BCR 723, δ123Sb = 0.03 ± 0.05‰). Moreover, a fractionation of Sb isotopes is observed between solid and dissolved phases in one sample, which might result from Sb (bio)reduction and/or adsorption processes. SEM-EDXS investigations show the presence of discrete submicrometric particles concentrating Sb in all the systems, interpreted as friction residues of Sb-containing brake pads. Sb solid speciation determined by linear combination fitting of X-Ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) spectra at the Sb K-edge shows an important spatial variability in the ponds, with Sb chemical forms likely driven by local redox conditions: "dry" samples exposed to air exhibited contributions from Sb(V)-O (52% to 100%) and Sb(III)-O (<10% to 48%) species whereas only underwater samples, representative of suboxic/anoxic conditions, showed an additional contribution from Sb(III)-S (41% to 80%) species. Altogether, these results confirm the traffic emission as a specific source of Sb emission in surface environments. The spatial variations of Sb speciation observed along the road-to-pond continuum likely reflect a high geochemical reactivity, which could have important implications on Sb transfer properties in (sub)surface hydrosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Philippe
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE-IPSL), UMR 8212 (CEA/CNRS/UVSQ), Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), UMR 7590 CNRS - Sorbonne Université - IRD - MNHN, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, Cedex 5, France
| | - P Le Pape
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), UMR 7590 CNRS - Sorbonne Université - IRD - MNHN, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, Cedex 5, France.
| | - E Resongles
- HydroSciences Montpellier (HSM), Université de Montpellier - CNRS - IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - G Landrot
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, F-91192 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - R Freydier
- HydroSciences Montpellier (HSM), Université de Montpellier - CNRS - IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - L Bordier
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE-IPSL), UMR 8212 (CEA/CNRS/UVSQ), Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - B Baptiste
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), UMR 7590 CNRS - Sorbonne Université - IRD - MNHN, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, Cedex 5, France
| | - L Delbes
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), UMR 7590 CNRS - Sorbonne Université - IRD - MNHN, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, Cedex 5, France
| | - C Baya
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), UMR 7590 CNRS - Sorbonne Université - IRD - MNHN, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, Cedex 5, France
| | - C Casiot
- HydroSciences Montpellier (HSM), Université de Montpellier - CNRS - IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - S Ayrault
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE-IPSL), UMR 8212 (CEA/CNRS/UVSQ), Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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11
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Jung CC, Chen YH, Chou CCK. Spatial and seasonal variations in the carbon and lead isotopes of PM 2.5 in air of residential buildings and their applications for source identification. Environ Pollut 2023; 316:120654. [PMID: 36375577 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To understand isotope distributions of PM2.5 in residential buildings and apply them for source identification, carbon (δ13C) and lead (Pb) isotope ratios in indoor and outdoor air of residential buildings were analyzed. Moreover, factor analysis (FA) was employed to investigate sources, which were compared through isotopic analyses. The average δ13C values of indoor air are -26.94 ± 1.22‰ and -27.04 ± 0.44‰ in warm (August to October) and cold (February to March) seasons, respectively, and the corresponding values for outdoor air are -26.77 ± 0.54‰ and -26.57 ± 0.39‰. The average 206Pb/207Pb (208Pb/207Pb) ratios of indoor air are 1.1584 ± 0.0091 (2.4309 ± 0.0125) and 1.1529 ± 0.0032 (2.4227 ± 0.0081) in warm and cold seasons, respectively, and the corresponding values for outdoor air are 1.1594 ± 0.0069 (2.4374 ± 0.0103) and 1.1538 ± 0.0077 (2.4222 ± 0.0085). Seasonal variation in δ13C values or Pb isotope ratios of indoor air was not significant, and similar results were obtained for outdoor air. Significant differences were not observed between δ13C values or Pb isotope ratios of indoor and outdoor air. Traffic emission is the major contributor to indoor and outdoor PM2.5 based on isotopic analyses; this result was consistent with the results of FA. The δ13C values of indoor air in buildings with poor ventilation conditions were significantly lighter than those of outdoor air. In summary, the spatial and seasonal variations of isotopes were similar in residential buildings, which can be used to identify sources of indoor PM2.5, and ventilation condition is an influencing factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Cheng Jung
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan.
| | - Yang-Hsueh Chen
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan.
| | - Charles C-K Chou
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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12
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Dietrich M, Rader ST, Filippelli GM. Using community science for detailed pollution research: a case-study approach in Indianapolis, IN, USA. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:4269-4277. [PMID: 35971050 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22561-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination in urban environments, particularly lead (Pb) pollution, is a health hazard both to humans and ecological systems. Despite wide recognition of urban metal pollution in many cities, there is still relatively limited research regarding heavy metal distribution and transport at the household-scale between soils and indoor dusts-the most important scale for actual human interaction and exposure. Thus, using community-scientist-generated samples in Indianapolis, IN (USA), we applied bulk chemistry, Pb isotopes, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to illustrate how detailed analytical techniques can aid in interpretation of Pb pollution distribution at the household-scale. Our techniques provide definitive evidence for Pb paint sourcing in some homes, while others may be polluted with Pb from past industrial/vehicular sources. SEM revealed anthropogenic particles suggestive of Pb paint and the widespread occurrence of Fe-rich metal anthropogenic spherules across all homes, indicative of pollutant transport processes. The variability of Pb pollution at the household scale evident in just four homes is a testament to the heterogeneity and complexity of urban pollution. Future urban pollution research efforts would do well to utilize these more detailed analytical methods on community-sourced samples to gain better insight into where the Pb came from and how it currently exists in the environment. However, these methods should be applied after large-scale pollution screening techniques such as portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF), with more detailed analytical techniques focused on areas where bulk chemistry alone cannot pinpoint dominant pollution mechanisms and where community scientists can also give important metadata to support geochemical interpretations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Dietrich
- Department of Earth Sciences, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Shelby T Rader
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Gabriel M Filippelli
- Department of Earth Sciences, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Environmental Resilience Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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13
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Gravina P, Sebastiani B, Bruschi F, Petroselli C, Moroni B, Selvaggi R, Goretti E, Pallottini M, Ludovisi A, Cappelletti D. Sources and trends of trace elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a shallow lake in the Mediterranean area from sediment archives of the Anthropocene. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:85815-85828. [PMID: 36125684 PMCID: PMC9668802 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22939-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the anthropogenic contamination in Trasimeno lake (Central Italy) was investigated using three sediment cores spanning over the last 150 years (Anthropocene) to identify the primary sources of pollution and quantify the level of contaminant enrichment in the basin. First, based on the relative cumulative frequency and linear regression methods, we obtained a geochemical baseline for the lake using the deeper parts of the sediment cores. The geochemical baseline allowed us to determine the values of trace elements enrichment factors. On this knowledge, as a second result, we were able to reconstruct the natural sources and the anthropogenic impact on the lake with a biennial resolution. This goal has been obtained by combining different inorganic and organic chemical proxies such as trace elements, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and lead isotope ratios and exploiting both principal component and factor analysis to associate chemical proxies to human-driven contamination processes. Five different groups of elements have been identified, one of which is of natural origin and four of anthropogenic origin. In particular, it was possible to identify the times and impacts of the industrial activities during the Second World War, which dispersed heavy metals in sediments. Moreover, we found evidence of the recent human activities that have characterized the surroundings of the basin, such as Pb inputs related to the use of gasoline and the enrichment of certain elements generally used in agricultural activities (such as P, Cu, and Mn) due to the development of this sector in the last 40 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Gravina
- Department of Chemistry Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, Perugia, 60123 Umbria Italy
| | - Bartolomeo Sebastiani
- Department of Chemistry Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, Perugia, 60123 Umbria Italy
| | - Federica Bruschi
- Department of Chemistry Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, Perugia, 60123 Umbria Italy
| | - Chiara Petroselli
- Department of Chemistry Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, Perugia, 60123 Umbria Italy
| | - Beatrice Moroni
- Department of Chemistry Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, Perugia, 60123 Umbria Italy
| | - Roberta Selvaggi
- Department of Chemistry Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, Perugia, 60123 Umbria Italy
| | - Enzo Goretti
- Department of Chemistry Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, Perugia, 60123 Umbria Italy
| | - Matteo Pallottini
- Department of Chemistry Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, Perugia, 60123 Umbria Italy
| | - Alessandro Ludovisi
- Department of Chemistry Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, Perugia, 60123 Umbria Italy
| | - David Cappelletti
- Department of Chemistry Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, Perugia, 60123 Umbria Italy
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Ray I, Das R, Chua SL, Wang X. Seasonal variation of atmospheric Pb sources in Singapore - Elemental and lead isotopic compositions of PM 10 as source tracer. Chemosphere 2022; 307:136029. [PMID: 36028124 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Southeast Asia has become a hotspot of anthropogenic particulate matter (PM) emissions due to increased coal combustion, high-temperature industrial operations, vehicular traffic, and agricultural biomass burning. Lead (Pb), a criteria pollutant, bound to such PM can be hazardous when inhaled, even at extremely low concentrations. Precise and accurate source apportionment of atmospheric Pb is thus, critical in order to minimize its exposure. This study investigates the sources of atmospheric Pb in Singapore aerosol samples (PM10) using Pb isotopes and elemental composition as tracers of contamination sources. PM10 aerosol sampling was conducted over a period of 1 year from June 2017 to May 2018 to capture the seasonal variations in sources of atmospheric Pb. Elemental concentrations reveal particularly high enrichment factors for Pb, Cu, V, Ni and Zn, especially when under the influence of southwest (SW) and inter monsoon (IM) winds. Pb isotopic ratios across the three seasons (206/207Pb = 1.147-1.150 and 208/207Pb = 2.420-2.428) are not significantly different. The Pb isotopic signatures and V/Ni ratios for all three seasons overlap with those of gasoline, diesel and ship emissions. Moreover, V/Pb values of more than unity for SW and IM winds suggest influence of transboundary coal combustion emissions particularly from Indonesia. Consequently, using Pb isotopic fingerprints and elemental ratios, we find that the primary sources of atmospheric Pb are vehicular & ship emissions, heavy oil combustion, transboundary coal combustion emissions, waste incineration and recirculation of historic leaded gasoline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iravati Ray
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Reshmi Das
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India; Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
| | - Song Lin Chua
- Asian School of Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Xianfeng Wang
- Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Asian School of Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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15
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Kershaw J, Merkel SW. Silver recycling in the Viking Age: Theoretical and analytical approaches. Archaeometry 2022; 64:116-133. [PMID: 35873196 PMCID: PMC9292865 DOI: 10.1111/arcm.12709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The recycling (remelting) of precious metals is commonly seen as a major impediment in provenancing studies. Yet in cases where known silver sources are both limited and geochemically well-characterized, there are opportunities to evaluate silver flows at different temporal and geographical scales. Here, we provide a theoretical and analytical framework for assessing the impact of precious metal recycling in a historical context in which silver remelting was the norm: Viking Age Scandinavia (c.800-1050 ce). Harnessing new, large-scale, Pb isotope and trace element datasets, we demonstrate the potential for revealing the contribution of Western European and Islamic silver sources to discrete archaeological assemblages and defined coin and artefact groups. We then use chemical markers of change in imported silver to assess the longevity of circulating silver stocks. Rather than acting as a barrier to understanding, recycling provides a lens through which to evaluate long-distance trade networks, the movement of silver and the frequency of recycling events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Kershaw
- School of ArchaeologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Stephen W. Merkel
- School of ArchaeologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Deutsches Bergbau‐MuseumHerner Str. 45Bochum44787Germany
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16
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Shi C, He H, Xia Z, Gan H, Xue Q, Cui Z, Chen J. Heavy metals and Pb isotopes in a marine sediment core record environmental changes and anthropogenic activities in the Pearl River Delta over a century. Sci Total Environ 2022; 814:151934. [PMID: 34843765 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal accumulation in marine sediments is associated with changes in both the natural environment and human activities. This study used heavy metals and Pb isotopes in a precisely dated (by 210Pb and 137Cs) sediment core from the Macao Sea to reconstruct the historical changes in anthropogenic activities and the environment in the western Pearl River Estuary (PRE). The distribution of heavy metals in the sediment core could be divided into four stages (pre-1950, 1950-1976, 1976-2000, and post-2000), which corresponded to the changes in anthropogenic activities and environment of the Pearl River Delta during the past 100 years. The contribution of anthropogenic metals (Pb and Zn) in the sediments increased gradually over time. However, the concentrations, enrichment factors, and fluxes of heavy metals in the sediments all displayed a downward trend since 2010, revealing a decline in metal pollutant input due to strict emission reduction policies implemented in the last decade. The Pb isotopes in the sediments showed a similar trajectory to the heavy metals, reflecting the changes in Pb sources in the sediments at different stages. Based on a binary Pb isotope mixing model, the calculated proportions of anthropogenic and natural Pb in the sediments were 0-50.9% (mean 15.9%) and 49.1-100% (mean 84.1%), respectively, suggesting that the Pb in the PRE sediments is mainly controlled by natural sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Shi
- Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou 510760, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China; School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Haijun He
- Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou 510760, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Zhen Xia
- Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou 510760, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Huayang Gan
- Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou 510760, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Qiao Xue
- Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou 510760, China
| | - Zhenang Cui
- Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou 510760, China
| | - Jianyao Chen
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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17
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Veron A, Dell'Anno A, Angelidis MO, Aloupi M, Danovaro R, Radakovitch O, Poirier A, Heussner S. Pollutant Pb burden in Mediterranean Centroscymnus coelolepis deep-sea sharks. Mar Pollut Bull 2022; 174:113245. [PMID: 34995885 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report lead (Pb) analyses in juvenile (n = 37; mean length = 24.7 ± 2.3 cm) and adult (n = 16; mean length = 52.3 ± 9.3 cm) Centroscymnus coelolepis Mediterranean deep-sea sharks that are compared to Pb content in bathy-demersal, pelagic and shallow coastal sharks. Median Pb concentrations of C. coelolepis muscle (0.009-0.056 wet ppm) and liver (0.023-0.061 wet ppm) are among the lowest encountered in shark records. Stable Pb isotope imprints in adult C. coelolepis muscles highlight that most of Pb in C. coelolepis is from human origin. Lead isotopes reveal the persistence of gasoline Pb emitted in the 1970s in low-turnover adult shark's muscle while associated liver imprints are in equilibrium with recent pollutant Pb signatures suggesting an efficient pollutant Pb turnover metabolism. The comparison of Pb distribution between adult and juvenile cohorts suggests the role of dietary exposure and possible maternal offloading of Pb during gestation, likely associated to vitellogenesis in this aplacental viviparous deep-sea shark.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Veron
- CEREGE, UMR7330 CNRS, AMU, IRD, Coll. France, INRAE, Technopole Arbois, BP80, 13545 Aix en Provence cedex 4, France; GEOTOP, Université du Québec à Montréal, CP8888 Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C3P8, Canada.
| | - A Dell'Anno
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - M O Angelidis
- Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, University Hill, 81100 Mytilini, Greece
| | - M Aloupi
- Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, University Hill, 81100 Mytilini, Greece
| | - R Danovaro
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - O Radakovitch
- CEREGE, UMR7330 CNRS, AMU, IRD, Coll. France, INRAE, Technopole Arbois, BP80, 13545 Aix en Provence cedex 4, France; Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SRTE-LRTA, Cadarache, France
| | - A Poirier
- GEOTOP, Université du Québec à Montréal, CP8888 Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C3P8, Canada
| | - S Heussner
- CEFREM, UMR5110 CNRS, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan, France
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18
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Bineshpour M, Payandeh K, Nazarpour A, Sabzalipour S. Status, source, human health risk assessment of potential toxic elements (PTEs), and Pb isotope characteristics in urban surface soil, case study: Arak city, Iran. Environ Geochem Health 2021; 43:4939-4958. [PMID: 33210156 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00778-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The current study was conducted to assess the level of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) contamination (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, As, Cd, and Ni) in surface soils from Arak city. Arak, which is an industrial city, is a prominent center of chemicals, metal/electric, manufacturing factories, and other industries. Forty-three surface soil samples were collected from 0-20 cm after removing the visible surface contamination in the dry season in June 2017. Metal concentrations were found highly variable, ranging from 174-3950 mg/kg for Cu, 181-3740 mg/kg for Pb, 48-186 mg/kg for Zn, 105-1721 mg/kg for Ni, 0.8-0.9 mg/kg for As, 114-1624 mg/kg for Cr, and 3.45-12.36 mg/kg for Cd. The results of geochemical fraction indicated that the main components of Pb, Cr, and Zn at most of the sampling sites are Fe-Mn bound/reducible. Meanwhile, the residual fraction is the dominant fraction of sequence extraction for Ni, Cu, and Cd. Higher values of reducible bound for Pb, Cr, and Zn, as well as a considerable percentage of Ni, Cu, and Cd, imply that the main source of the studied PTEs (except As) in the study area is both anthropogenic and geogenic inputs. The results of principal component analysis (PCA), correlation analysis, enrichment factor (EF), enrichment index (EI), and top enrichment factor (TEF) confirm that Pb, Ni, Cu, Cr, Cd, and Zn had a similar anthropogenic source which is confirmed by geochemical fractionation analysis. Carcinogenic risks (CR) of studied PTEs were estimated to be higher than the target limit of 1.0E-06, for adults and children except for Cr with values of 5.91E-04, and 3.81E-04 for children and adults, respectively. Higher CR values of Cr compared to other PTEs in Arak surface soil demonstrate that living target populations, including children and adults, particularly children, are more at risk of carcinogenic risks of PTEs. 206Pb/207Pb ratios of the collected samples indicated that Pb in Arak surface sample was derived from industrial inputs and deposition, as well as re-suspension vehicle exhaust emission from previously leaded gasoline. The findings concerning the applied end-member contribution of geogenic and industrial and vehicle emission represented that the contribution could vary from 68.0% to 15% (mean: 39.3) for industrial emission, 65% to 19% for vehicle exhaust (mean: 39), and 46% to 10% (mean: 21.6) for geogenic sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghdad Bineshpour
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Khoshnaz Payandeh
- Department of Soil Sciences, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ahad Nazarpour
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Department of Geology, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Sima Sabzalipour
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
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Hu Y, Wang C, Song Z, Chen M, Ding L, Liang X, Bi X, Li Z, Li P, Zheng W. Heavy Metal in Rice and Vegetable and Human Exposure near a Large Pb/Zn Smelter in Central China. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:12631. [PMID: 34886356 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Non-ferrous metal smelting is a significant source of anthropogenic heavy metal emission and has led to severe environmental pollution that ultimately threatens the health of local residents. In this study, we determined concentrations of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), as well as Pb isotopic compositions in rice, vegetables and human hair in areas surrounding the Zhuzhou Pb/Zn smelter in Hunan, China and we assessed the health risks associated with rice and vegetable consumption for local residents. Results showed that rice and vegetable samples were significantly contaminated by Cd and Pb. Age and source of rice were important factors for the enrichment of heavy metal concentrations in human hair. The ratios of Pb isotopes in human hair (1.164-1.170 for 206Pb/207Pb and 2.102-2.110 for208Pb/206Pb) were comparable to those in rice (1.162-1.172 for 206Pb/207Pb and 2.098-2.114 for208Pb/206Pb) and were slightly lower than those in vegetables (1.168-1.172 for 206Pb/207Pb and 2.109-2.111 for208Pb/206Pb), indicating that Pb in human hair mainly originated from food ingestion. A non-carcinogenic risk assessment showed that Cd exposure was the dominant health risk for local residents. This study suggested that crops planted surrounding the smelter were seriously contaminated with Cd and human exposure was related to dietary intake.
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20
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Dietrich M, Krekeler MPS, Kousehlar M, Widom E. Quantification of Pb pollution sources in complex urban environments through a multi-source isotope mixing model based on Pb isotopes in lichens and road sediment. Environ Pollut 2021; 288:117815. [PMID: 34329070 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite a growing focus on anthropogenic toxic metal pollution in urban environments, few studies have addressed the problem of quantification when more than two pollution sources are likely present, particularly within complex urban settings in the United States (U.S.). In this study, we utilize the MixSIAR package in R for source apportionment based on Pb isotopic signatures in lichen and road sediment in two urban-industrial centers in SW Ohio (OH). We show that ranges of pollutant contributions are more useful than only visualizing mean or raw values of source apportionment, because this avoids overinterpretation of data when certain sources have a large range of uncertainty. We point out both the dominance of industrial pollution as well as the legacy of leaded gasoline pollution in typical mid-sized U.S. cities, which is evident in both road sediment and lichens. Leaded gasoline contribution to Pb in Middletown, OH lichens mostly vary between ~10 and 25%, while in Hamilton, OH the contribution to lichens and road sediment tends to be relatively negligible except for two road sediment samples and one lichen sample, where median contributions are ~20-30%. Industrial combustion pollution source contributions vary between ~25 and 75% in Hamilton, and ~50-100% in Middletown, OH. Furthermore, comparing pollution sources in lichens to modern particulate matter can provide a record of how pollutant sources change over time, such as our traffic lichen (Sample Li-9) plotting closer to leaded gasoline on a bivariate mixing diagram than modern traffic particulate matter, or our coke plant lichen containing slightly less Pb contribution from industrial combustion sources relative to modern coke plant particulate matter. Lastly, when applicable, multi-source mixing models should be complimented in future studies with additional isotopic source tracers such as Cu, Zn, Nd, and Os to further elucidate unique sources of metal pollutants in addition to Pb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Dietrich
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vanderbilt University, 5726 Stevenson Center, 7th Floor, Nashville, TN, 37240, United States.
| | - Mark P S Krekeler
- Department of Geology and Environmental Earth Science, Miami University, Oxford, OH, United States; Department of Geology & Environmental Earth Science, Miami University-Hamilton, 1601 University Boulevard, Hamilton, OH, 45011, United States
| | - Masoomeh Kousehlar
- Department of Geology and Environmental Earth Science, Miami University, Oxford, OH, United States
| | - Elisabeth Widom
- Department of Geology and Environmental Earth Science, Miami University, Oxford, OH, United States
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21
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Long Z, Zhu H, Bing H, Tian X, Wang Z, Wang X, Wu Y. Contamination, sources and health risk of heavy metals in soil and dust from different functional areas in an industrial city of Panzhihua City, Southwest China. J Hazard Mater 2021; 420:126638. [PMID: 34280716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of heavy metals in urban soil and dust is closely related to anthropogenic emissions, while to what extent the metal contamination varies among different functional areas in industrial cities remains unclear. In this study, the contamination and health risk of seven heavy metals in the soil and dust were assessed at different functional areas of Panzhihua City, Southwest China, and their sources were identified by the spatial divisions and Pb isotopes. The results showed that the contamination of V and Cr in the vanadium/steel plant (VsA) and the contamination of Cd, Pb and Zn in the iron-ore smelting (IsA) were significantly higher relative to other functional areas. The sources of the contaminated heavy metals in the soil and dust were mainly from smelting and manufacturing vanadium/steel products, coal combustion and traffic. Vanadium and Cr were the major metals primarily contributing to the noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks, despite the low contamination level of Cr. The results indicate that the VsA is the priority control area in the Panzhihua City, and besides V, more attention should be paid in the future to monitor Cr risk in the soil and dust because of its high contribution to the health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Long
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - He Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Haijian Bing
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Xin Tian
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiguo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanhong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
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22
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Zhong Z, Bing H, Xiang Z, Wu Y, Zhou J, Ding S. Terrain-modulated deposition of atmospheric lead in the soils of alpine forest, central China. Sci Total Environ 2021; 790:148106. [PMID: 34098279 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Alpine ecosystem has a potential to intercept the transport of atmospheric metals, while the regulation mechanisms with variations in altitude and slope direction remain unclear. In this study, the soil and moss samples on the northern and southern slopes of Shennongjia Mountain were collected with altitude to quantitatively identify the sources of lead (Pb) and to decipher the regulation mechanisms of altitude and slope on the Pb distribution. The results showed that the concentrations of Pb decreased evidently with soil depth, and in the O (organic soils) and A (surface mineral soils) horizons they increased with altitude. The Pb isotopes and moss biomonitoring revealed that Pb was mainly from atmospheric deposition, and the sources included fossil fuel combustion, ore mining and smelting. Based on a binary mixing model of Pb isotopes, the percentage of atmospheric Pb in the O and A horizons and mosses averaged 58.8%, 43.7% and 71.0%, respectively. Atmospheric wet deposition strikingly controlled the distribution of soil Pb along the altitude. Canopy filtering and leaching also impacted the accumulation of Pb in the forest floor. The significant difference in the atmospheric Pb accumulation in the soils between the two slopes was not observed as expected, since atmospheric dry deposition from northwestern China contributed to the Pb accumulation on the northern slope according to the Pb isotopic ratios and air mass trajectories. The results of this study indicate that altitude determines the distribution pattern of atmospheric Pb, while slope direction screens the source region of Pb in alpine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haijian Bing
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Zhongxiang Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yanhong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Jun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shiming Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
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23
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Wang Z, Coyte RM, Cowan EA, Stapleton HM, Dwyer GS, Vengosh A. Evaluation and Integration of Geochemical Indicators for Detecting Trace Levels of Coal Fly Ash in Soils. Environ Sci Technol 2021; 55:10387-10397. [PMID: 34282893 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Coal combustion residuals (CCRs), in particular, coal fly ash, are one of the major industrial solid wastes in the U.S., and due to their high concentrations of toxic elements, they could pose environmental and human health risks. Yet detecting coal fly ash in the environment is challenging given its small particle size. Here, we explore the utility and sensitivity of using geochemical indicators (trace elements, Ra nuclides, and Pb stable isotopes), combined with physical observation by optical point counting, for detecting the presence of trace levels of coal fly ash particles in surface soils near two coal-fired power plants in North Carolina and Tennessee. Through experimental work, mixing models, and field data, we show that trace elements can serve as a first-order detection tool for fly ash presence in surface soils; however, the accuracy and sensitivity of detection is limited for cases with low fly ash proportion (i.e., <10%) in the soil, which requires the integration of more robust Ra and Pb isotopic tracers. This study revealed the presence of fly ash particles in surface soils from both the recreational and residential areas, which suggests the fugitive emission of fly ash from the nearby coal-fired power plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Rachel M Coyte
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Ellen A Cowan
- Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina 28608, United States
| | - Heather M Stapleton
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Gary S Dwyer
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Avner Vengosh
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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24
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Albarède F, Blichert‐Toft J, de Callataÿ F, Davis G, Debernardi P, Gentelli L, Gitler H, Kemmers F, Klein S, Malod‐Dognin C, Milot J, Télouk P, Vaxevanopoulos M, Westner K. From commodity to money: The rise of silver coinage around the Ancient Mediterranean (sixth-first centuries bce). Archaeometry 2021; 63:142-155. [PMID: 33510540 PMCID: PMC7821003 DOI: 10.1111/arcm.12615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The reasons why the Western Mediterranean, especially Carthage and Rome, resisted monetization relative to the Eastern Mediterranean are still unclear. We address this question by combining lead (Pb) and silver (Ag) isotope abundances in silver coinage from the Aegean, Magna Graecia, Carthage and Roman Republic. The clear relationships observed between 109Ag/107Ag and 208Pb/206Pb reflect the mixing of silver ores or silver objects with Pb metal used for cupellation. The combined analysis of Ag and Pb isotopes reveals important information about the technology of smelting. The Greek world extracted Ag and Pb from associated ores, whereas, on the Iberian Peninsula, Carthaginians and Republican-era Romans applied Phoenician cupellation techniques and added exotic Pb to Pb-poor Ag ores. Massive Ag recupellation is observed in Rome during the Second Punic War. After defeating the Carthaginians and the Macedonians in the late second century bce, the Romans brought together the efficient, millennium-old techniques of silver extraction of the Phoenicians, who considered this metal a simple commodity, with the monetization of the economy introduced by the Greeks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Blichert‐Toft
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRSUniversité de LyonLyonFrance
| | - F. de Callataÿ
- Royal Library of BelgiumBrusselsBelgium
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes EtudesParisFrance
| | - G. Davis
- Department of Ancient HistoryMacquarie UniversitySydneyNSWAustralia
| | | | - L. Gentelli
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRSUniversité de LyonLyonFrance
| | | | - F. Kemmers
- Institut für Archäologische WissenschaftenGoethe Universität Frankfurt am MainFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - S. Klein
- Deutsches Bergbau‐MuseumBochumGermany
| | - C. Malod‐Dognin
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRSUniversité de LyonLyonFrance
| | - J. Milot
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRSUniversité de LyonLyonFrance
| | - P. Télouk
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRSUniversité de LyonLyonFrance
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25
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Wu B, Wu X, Shi X, Zhang X, Qiao S, Hu L, Liu J, Liu S, Zhang J, Zhang H, Zhu A. Lead isotopes in the Central Yellow Sea Mud: Evidence of atmospheric deposition and its implication for regional energy consumption shift. Environ Pollut 2021; 268:115702. [PMID: 33007653 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities have increased lead (Pb) emissions and impacted their spatiotemporal distributions in coastal seas. To quantify the increasing variability of Pb and identify the specific origins and their corresponding magnitudes, Pb and Pb isotopes are investigated in a well-placed sediment core covering the period of 1928-2008 in the Central Yellow Sea Mud (CYSM). The concentration of Pb varied from 27.17 μg/g to 37.30 μg/g upwardly along the core, with pronounced anthropogenic disturbance since the late 1960s. The Pb input history of the CYSM experienced five stages according to industrialization levels and Pb contamination, with relative pristine stages from 1928 to 1969 and human activity-impacted stages from 1969 to 2008. The 206Pb/207Pb ratio demonstrated an overall decreasing profile while the 208Pb/206Pb ratio displayed the reverse trend upwardly along the core, possibly due to the atmospheric delivery of anthropogenic Pb emissions from northern China. Furthermore, 208Pb/206Pb vs. 206Pb/207Pb shows certain linearity between natural sediment sources and anthropogenic emissions of Pb (atmospheric deposition); thus, atmospheric inputs account for 34-43% of the Pb in the sediment since Pb enrichment using the two-endmember mixing model. Moreover, the steep decrease in 206Pb/207Pb and rapid increase in 208Pb/206Pb since the 1970s suggest the introduction of leaded gasoline and the increasing proportionate consumption of gasoline relative to total energy consumption. The continuously decreasing 206Pb/207Pb ratio and increasing 208Pb/206Pb ratio since 2000 are the combined results of coal consumption, nonferrous smelting, and residual Pb contamination from leaded gasoline, which is quite distinctive from cases in North America and Europe. The relatively high 206Pb/207Pb and low 208Pb/206Pb ratios before 1969 represent the natural Pb isotopic signatures. Hence, Pb input is significantly affected by regional energy consumption and restructuring, and the Pb isotopic ratios may be a potential proxy for the shift in energy consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Metallogeny, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Oceanography Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266061, PR China.
| | - Xiaodan Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Xuefa Shi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Metallogeny, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Oceanography Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266061, PR China
| | - Xuelei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, PR China
| | - Shuqing Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Metallogeny, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Oceanography Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266061, PR China
| | - Limin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Metallogeny, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Oceanography Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266061, PR China
| | - Jihua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Metallogeny, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Oceanography Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266061, PR China
| | - Shengfa Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Metallogeny, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Oceanography Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266061, PR China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Metallogeny, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Oceanography Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266061, PR China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Metallogeny, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Oceanography Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266061, PR China
| | - Aimei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Metallogeny, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Oceanography Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266061, PR China
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26
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Nawrot N, Wojciechowska E, Rezania S, Walkusz-Miotk J, Pazdro K. The effects of urban vehicle traffic on heavy metal contamination in road sweeping waste and bottom sediments of retention tanks. Sci Total Environ 2020; 749:141511. [PMID: 32829276 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse pollution formed during a surface runoff on paved surfaces is a source of heavy metals (HMs) of various origin. This research study indicates the connection between bottom sediments of retention tanks located on urban streams and road sweeping wastes (RSW) that migrate during surface runoff to the stormwater drainage systems with discharge to the retention tanks. Moreover, we test the primary sources of HMs in RSW by analysing the mechanical wastes (MW) produced by vehicles in order to track the relationship between car parts and HMs deposited in the retention tanks receiving the surface runoff from streets. To identify the origin of HMs diverse source tracking approaches were used: statistical methods, Pb isotope ratios, and the flag element ratio approach. MW presented a very high HMs content (max observed values in mg/kg d.w.: 10477-Zn, 3512-Cu, 412-Pb, 3.35-Cd, 226-Ni, and 633-Cr), while for RSW the HMs content was similar to the bottom sediments. The total carcinogenic risk raises concerns due to the Cr content. The source of Zn was tyre wear and traffic. Ni, Cr, Fe, and Cd were correlated to Zn and shared a common/similar origin. PCA suggested that Cu features quasi-independent behaviour. The Pb isotopic ratios of RSW indicated Pb enrichment originating from coal combustion, while the gasoline and diesel source of Pb was excluded. The Pb isotopic ratios characteristic for MW were in within the following ranges: 1.152-1.165 (206Pb/207Pb), 2.050-2.085 (208Pb/206Pb), and 2.350-2.418 (208Pb/207Pb). The complex analysis of HMs origin confirmed the motorization origin of HMs: Zn, Cr, Ni, and Cd, except Pb (coal combustion as the main source) and Cu (non-uniform origin). The results of various source tracking methods were coherent, but Pb isotope ratios alone brought important information allowing to link Pb in sediments to the atmospheric deposition of coal combustion products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Nawrot
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Ewa Wojciechowska
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Shahabaldin Rezania
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Jolanta Walkusz-Miotk
- Institute of Oceanology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Marine Geotoxicology Laboratory, Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland
| | - Ksenia Pazdro
- Institute of Oceanology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Marine Geotoxicology Laboratory, Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland
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27
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Bi X, Zhang M, Wu Y, Fu Z, Sun G, Shang L, Li Z, Wang P. Distribution patterns and sources of heavy metals in soils from an industry undeveloped city in Southern China. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 205:111115. [PMID: 32836154 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The accumulations of heavy metals in urban soils are derived from natural parent materials and complex anthropogenic emission sources. This paper investigated metal contamination in urban soils at an industry undeveloped city (Haikou) in southern China, an ideal place to quantitatively assess the contribution of metals from different sources. The concentrations of most heavy metals in the urban soils of Haikou were much lower than their guideline values and that of those from other big cities in China. In contrast, the chemical speciation of metals in this study was similar to those from other cities. The spatial distributions of heavy metals and principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that basaltic parent materials, traffic emissions, and coal combustion were the main factors controlling the distribution of metals in the soils. The Pb isotope signatures of the Haikou soils were greatly different from those of the Beijing and Shanghai soils, but similar to those of the Guangzhou soils, suggesting the common sources of Pb in southern China cities. The results of ternary mixing model of Pb isotopes showed that the contributions of Pb from natural background, coal combustion and traffic emission sources were 5.3-82.4% (mean: 39.7 ± 21.1%), 0-85.7% (mean: 25.5 ± 24.6%), and 1.9-64% (mean: 34.8 ± 22.9%), respectively. This suggests that traffic emission is still the most important anthropogenic source of Pb in Haikou.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Bi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Mohai Zhang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yunjie Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550002, China
| | - Zhongbiao Fu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Guangyi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550002, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Lihai Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550002, China
| | - Zhonggen Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi, 563006, China
| | - Pengcong Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
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28
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Smith KE, Weis D. Evaluating Spatiotemporal Resolution of Trace Element Concentrations and Pb Isotopic Compositions of Honeybees and Hive Products as Biomonitors for Urban Metal Distribution. Geohealth 2020; 4:e2020GH000264. [PMID: 32671313 PMCID: PMC7340846 DOI: 10.1029/2020gh000264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Assessing metal distributions in cities is an important aspect of urban environmental quality management. Western honeybees (Apis mellifera) and their products are biomonitors that can elucidate small-scale metal distribution within a city. We compare range and variations in trace element (TE) concentrations and lead (Pb) isotopic compositions of honey, bee tissue, bee pollen, and propolis collected throughout Metro Vancouver (BC, Canada). Honey, bee, and bee pollen results have similar TE and isotopic trends; samples collected in urban and industrialized areas exhibit elevated concentrations of anthropogenically influenced TE (e.g., Pb, Zn, V, and Ti) and a less radiogenic Pb isotopic composition (i.e., lower 206Pb/207Pb and elevated 208Pb/206Pb) relative to their suburban and rural counterparts. For example, 206Pb/207Pb, 208Pb/206Pb in honey range from 1.126, 2.131 and 1.184, 2.063; extremes measured in honey from urban and suburban/rural areas, respectively. Except for propolis, measured and interpolated (kriged) results in all materials reflect the immediate zoning or land use setting near the hive, providing kilometer-scale geospatial resolution, suitable for monitoring urban systems. Statistical analysis reveals that no systematic variations or intra- or inter-annual trends exist in TE concentrations or Pb isotopic compositions, including among sampling and field methods (i.e., old vs. new hive equipment and honey from the brood nest box vs. honey super). The results of this systematic study using honeybees and hive products in Metro Vancouver provide a robust, current baseline for future comparison of local land use and environmental policy change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E. Smith
- Pacific Centre for Isotopic and Geochemical Research, Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Dominique Weis
- Pacific Centre for Isotopic and Geochemical Research, Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
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Gardes T, Debret M, Copard Y, Coynel A, Deloffre J, Fournier M, Revillon S, Nizou J, Develle AL, Sabatier P, Marcotte S, Patault E, Faivre Q, Portet-Koltalo F. Flux estimation, temporal trends and source determination of trace metal contamination in a major tributary of the Seine estuary, France. Sci Total Environ 2020; 724:138249. [PMID: 32408455 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic impacts on rivers have increased significantly over the past ~150 years, particularly at the beginning of the industrial revolution. Among other signs, this impact is manifested through the addition of trace metals and metalloid elements to rivers. The Eure River watershed in France covers an area of 6017 km2 and is a major tributary of the Seine estuary. It is not exempt from anthropogenic pressures and has been exposed to significant metal discharges over the last 80 years. The average concentrations of metals (i.e., Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ag, Cd, Sb, and Pb), in suspended particulate matter currently transported by the river are high compared to the local geochemical background. Moreover, the lack of correlation between concentration variations and the hydrosedimentary behaviour of the Eure River suggests that the river is currently under anthropogenic pressure. Analysis of sediment cores indicate strong As contamination during the 1940s, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ag, and Cd contamination during the 1960s and 1970s, and Sb and Pb contamination during the 1990s and 2000s. The enrichment factors calculation suggests that total anthropogenic pressure within the Eure River watershed since the 1940s was comparable or higher than those in many other French watersheds. An estimation of particulate metal flux in 2017 shows that the Eure River watershed contributed to 7, 8, 9, 10 and 16% of total inputs to the Seine estuary in Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb respectively. Moreover, the estimation of past theoretical flux indicates that during the 1990s the Eure River watershed was the main contributor of particulate Pb to the estuary. The use of Pb isotopes has revealed that this contamination was primarily of industrial origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gardes
- Normandie Univ, Rouen, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, M2C, 76000 Rouen, France; Normandie Univ, Rouen, UMR CNRS, 6014 COBRA, 55 Rue Saint Germain, 27000 Evreux, France.
| | - Maxime Debret
- Normandie Univ, Rouen, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, M2C, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Yoann Copard
- Normandie Univ, Rouen, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, M2C, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Alexandra Coynel
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR EPOC CNRS 5085, 33615 Pessac, France
| | - Julien Deloffre
- Normandie Univ, Rouen, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, M2C, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Matthieu Fournier
- Normandie Univ, Rouen, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, M2C, 76000 Rouen, France
| | | | - Jean Nizou
- IFREMER, IUEM, Place N. Copernic, F-29280 Brest, France
| | - Anne-Lise Develle
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, EDYTEM, 73000 Chambéry, France
| | - Pierre Sabatier
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, EDYTEM, 73000 Chambéry, France
| | - Stéphane Marcotte
- Normandie Univ, Rouen, INSA de Rouen, UMR CNRS 6014 COBRA, Avenue de l'Université, 76801 Saint-Etienne-du-Rouvray Cedex, France
| | - Edouard Patault
- Normandie Univ, Rouen, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, M2C, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Quentin Faivre
- Université de Tours, EA 6293 GéHCO, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France
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Zhu Z, Li Z, Wang S, Bi X. Magnetic mineral constraint on lead isotope variations of coal fly ash and its implications for source discrimination. Sci Total Environ 2020; 713:136320. [PMID: 31958719 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Coal fly ash in the atmosphere affects air quality and potentially influences the global climate by promoting oceanic productivity. Although accurately tracing the sources of fly ashes is vital for emission control, it remains a challenging task. Stable lead (Pb) isotope analysis is a useful tool for tracing atmospheric pollution but it fails to accurately address coal combustion emissions due to the broad range of Pb isotopic composition of coal. Environmental magnetic parameters can be used as a rapid and economical proxy for tracing atmospheric pollutants (including coal fly ashes) and have the potential for discriminating emission sources. In this study, we combined magnetic parameters with Pb isotopic signatures in order to better discriminate the sources of coal fly ash. Both magnetic particles and Pb are highly concentrated in the fly ashes compared with the feed coals. Most of the fly ashes exhibit higher 206Pb/207Pb and lower 208Pb/206Pb ratios than those of the feed coals. Furthermore, the Pb isotopic compositions of the fly ashes are highly correlated (p < 0.01) with the concentrations of magnetic particles (especially hematite), suggesting that the variation of Pb isotopes in the fly ashes is controlled by the adsorption of Pb on magnetic minerals. Based on the established relationship between magnetic minerals and Pb isotopes within coal fly ashes, we re-analyzed previously reported magnetic and Pb isotopic data from atmospheric dust and demonstrated the effectiveness of the combined method in discriminating coal fly ash in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongmin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Zhonggen Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Shuxiao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiangyang Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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Xu D, Gao B. Lead Isotopes Combined with Geochemical Baseline in Sediments: A Novel Tool to Trace Anthropogenic Pb Sources. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17031112. [PMID: 32050547 PMCID: PMC7037388 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17031112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Pb isotopic identification only based on total Pb concentration and Pb isotopic ratios, resulted in difficulty for tracing Pb sources in the complex environmental medium, especially for sediment. Herein, a novel approach combining with regional geochemical baseline (RGB) and Pb isotopic ratios are used to directly trace anthropogenic Pb sources and calculate Pb source appointments in sediment. In this study, total Pb concentrations and isotopic ratios were analyzed for a 7-m long sediment core (92 sediment samples) collected from a reservoir. RGB of Pb was used to calculate anthropogenic Pb concentrations (Rd), their contributions (CRd) and screen the sediments influenced by anthropogenic activities. Among those sediments influenced by anthropogenic activities, a positive correlation was found between 206Pb/207Pb ratios and Rd, indicating there were two anthropogenic Pb sources in sediment. Further source identification using 206Pb/207Pb and 208Pb/207Pb indicated that these two anthropogenic Pb sources originated from coal consumption and aerosol input. Finally, CRd and Pb isotopic ratios were used to calculate these two Pb source appointments (1.13% for coal consumption and 7.53% for aerosol input). This study demonstrated that source identification using RGB and Pb isotopes could be a novel attempt for identifying anthropogenic Pb sources in sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China;
- Department of Water Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Bo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China;
- Department of Water Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-6878-1893
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Xu D, Gao B, Peng W, Qu X, Zhang M, Wang J. Novel insights into Pb source apportionment in sediments from two cascade reservoirs, North China. Sci Total Environ 2019; 689:1030-1036. [PMID: 31466143 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sediments act as crucial sink and source for metal contamination in aquatic environment of reservoir systems. However, the high complexity and heterogeneity of sediments make it difficult to trace the sources of metals in reservoir sediments. As a toxic metal, how to trace anthropogenic Pb sources in sediments is important for the water quality safety, especially in reservoir. Herein, 98 sediment samples collected from the connected Panjiakou Reservoir (PJKR) and Daheiting Reservoir (DHTR) were analyzed. A novel approach for tracing anthropogenic Pb sources was established by combining the regional geochemical baseline (RGB) and Pb isotopic ratios. The results showed that the mean concentration of Pb in these two reservoirs was 44.59 mg/kg, and the RGB value of Pb was 43.77 mg/kg. Pollution assessments using RGB and enrichment factor indicated that the influence of anthropogenic Pb is greater in DHTR sediments than in PJKR sediments. Based on the RGB model, samples influenced by anthropogenic activities (SS-AA) were screened and found in the DHTR. The anthropogenic Pb contribution in DHTR SS-AA was totally 35.29%. Moreover, the mean value of 206Pb/207Pb in DHTR SS-AA (1.107 ± 0.029) was slightly lower than those of natural inputs, indicating there was a small amount of anthropogenic Pb input in DHTR. The anthropogenic Pb sources were further identified using Pb isotopic ratios (206Pb/207Pb and 208Pb/207Pb) for DHTR SS-AA. Their apportionments were calculated with the help of the RGB model. The results showed that iron mining (20.42%) and coal combustion (14.87%) were the two main anthropogenic Pb sources. Aerosol deposition was likely the main pathway for coal combustion input. The results confirm that the proposed method of combining RGB and Pb isotopic ratios was a good attempt to trace the anthropogenic Pb sources in reservoir sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China; Department of Water Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Bo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China; Department of Water Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China.
| | - Wenqi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China; Department of Water Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Xiaodong Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China; Department of Water Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Water Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Jiankang Wang
- College of Water & Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
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Graney JR, Edgerton ES, Landis MS. Using Pb isotope ratios of particulate matter and epiphytic lichens from the Athabasca Oil Sands Region in Alberta, Canada to quantify local, regional, and global Pb source contributions. Sci Total Environ 2019; 654:1293-1304. [PMID: 30841402 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ambient air particulate matter (PM) was collected at the Wood Buffalo Environmental Association Bertha Ganter Fort McKay monitoring station in the Athabasca Oil Sand Region (AOSR) in Alberta, Canada from February 2010 to July 2011 as part of an air quality source assessment study. Daily 24-hour duration fine (PM2.5) and coarse (PM10-2.5) PM was collected using a sequential dichotomous sampler. 100 pairs of PM2.5 and PM10-2.5 were selected for lead (Pb) concentration and isotope analysis. Pb isotope and concentration results from 250 epiphytic lichen samples collected as far as 160 km from surface mining operations in 2008, 2011, and 2014 were analyzed to examine longer term spatial variations in Pb source contributions. A key finding was recognition of thorogenic 208Pb from eastern Asia in the springtime in the PM2.5 in 2010 and 2011. 206Pb/207Pb and 208Pb/207Pb isotope ratios were used in a three-component mixing model to quantify local, regional, and global Pb sources in the PM and lichen data sets. 47 ± 3% of the Pb in the PM2.5 at AMS-1 was attributed to sources from eastern Asia. Combined results from PM10-2.5 and PM2.5 indicate PM2.5 Pb contributions from eastern Asia (34%) exceed local AOSR sources of PM2.5 Pb (20%), western Canada sources of PM2.5 Pb (19%), and PM10-2.5 Pb from fugitive dust including oil sands (14%), tailings (10%), and haul roads (3%). The lichen analysis indicates regional sources contribute 46% of the Pb, local sources 32%, and global sources 22% over the 2008-2014 timeframe. Local sources dominate atmospheric Pb deposition to lichens at near field sites (0-30 km from mining operations) whereas regional Pb sources are prevalent at distal sites (30-160 km). The Pb isotope methodology successfully quantified trans-Pacific transport of Pb to the AOSR superimposed over the aerosol footprint of the world's largest concentration of bitumen mining and upgrading facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Graney
- Geological Sciences and Environmental Studies, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA.
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Lee PK, Yu S, Jeong YJ, Seo J, Choi SG, Yoon BY. Source identification of arsenic contamination in agricultural soils surrounding a closed Cu smelter, South Korea. Chemosphere 2019; 217:183-194. [PMID: 30419376 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic sources were identified in As-contaminated soils 4 km-7 km from a closed Cu smelter. Host rocks, heavy minerals in contaminated soils, ore minerals in quartz veins (geogenic sources) and bottom ash from the Cu smelter (an anthropogenic source) were investigated as potential sources. As a result, heavy minerals and bottom ash were found to contain higher As concentrations than the contaminated soils. Some of the host rock samples also showed higher As levels than the contaminated soils. Arsenopyrite was one of the frequently detected ore minerals in quartz veins. The As concentrations in soils did not decrease with soil depth or distance from the smelter. These results imply that the atmospheric emission from the smelter was not a major arsenic source. Based on the geochemical investigation and Pb isotopic analysis, the As contamination was affected by both regional ore mineralization and the host rock, and the influence of the smelter was limited. The spatial analysis of As concentrations and Pb isotopic ratios suggested that As contamination was mainly due to regional ore mineralization. The 206Pb/207Pb and 206Pb/204Pb ratios of the contaminated soils were plotted on the mixing line between background soils and ore minerals. The source apportionment results indicated a significant contribution of regional ore mineralization (average 52.9 ± 30.3%) to the As contamination. The contribution of this study is that we identified that the major source of soil contamination was of geologic origin despite an anthropogenic source nearby using geochemical and Pb isotopic investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pyeong-Koo Lee
- Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, 124 Gwahang-no, Yusung-gu, Taejon 34132, South Korea
| | - Soonyoung Yu
- Korea-CO(2) Storage Environmental Management (K-COSEM) Research Center, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea.
| | - Youn-Joong Jeong
- Korea Basic Science Institute, 169-148, Gwahang-no, Yusung-gu, Taejon 34133, South Korea
| | - Jieun Seo
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Seon-Gyu Choi
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Byung-Yong Yoon
- GeoGreen21 Co., Ltd, 55 Digital-ro 33-gil, Guro-gu, Seoul 08376, South Korea
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Zhou X, Taylor MP, Davies PJ. Tracing natural and industrial contamination and lead isotopic compositions in an Australian native bee species. Environ Pollut 2018; 242:54-62. [PMID: 29960253 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates trace element concentrations (arsenic (As), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn)) and Pb isotopic compositions in an Australian native bee species, Tetragonula carbonaria, and its products of honey and wax. Co-located soil and dust samples were simultaneously analysed with the objective of determining if the bees or their products had potential application as a proxy for monitoring environmental contamination. The most significant relationships were found between Pb concentrations in honey (r = 0.814, p = 0.014) and wax (r = 0.883, p = 0.004) and those in co-located dust samples. In addition, Zn concentrations in honey and soil were significantly associated (r = 0.709, p = 0.049). Lead isotopic compositions of native bee products collected from background sites adjacent to Sydney national parks (206Pb/207Pb = 1.144, 208Pb/207Pb = 2.437) corresponded to local geogenic rock and soil values (206Pb/207Pb = 1.123-1.176, 208Pb/207Pb = 2.413-2.500). By contrast, inner Sydney metropolitan samples, including native bees and wax (206Pb/207Pb = 1.072-1.121, 208Pb/207Pb = 2.348-2.409), co-located soil and dust (206Pb/207Pb = 1.090-1.122, 208Pb/207Pb = 2.368-2.403), corresponded most closely to aerosols collected during the period of leaded petrol use (206Pb/207Pb = 1.067-1.148, 208Pb/207Pb = 2.341-2.410). A large range of Pb isotopic compositions in beehive samples suggests that other legacy sources, such as Pb-based paints and industrials, may have also contributed to Pb contamination in beehive samples. Native bee data were compared to corresponding samples from the more common European honey bee (Apis mellifera). Although Pb isotopic compositions were similar in both species, significant differences in trace element concentrations were evident across the trace element suite, the bees and their products. The statistical association between T. carbonaria and co-located environmental contaminant concentrations were stronger than those in European honey bees, which may be attributable to its smaller foraging distance (0.3-0.7 km versus 5-9 km, respectively). This implies that T. carbonaria may be more suitable for assessing small spatial scale variations of trace element concentrations than European honey bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoteng Zhou
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Mark Patrick Taylor
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; Energy and Environmental Contaminants Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Peter J Davies
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
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Kong J, Guo Q, Wei R, Strauss H, Zhu G, Li S, Song Z, Chen T, Song B, Zhou T, Zheng G. Contamination of heavy metals and isotopic tracing of Pb in surface and profile soils in a polluted farmland from a typical karst area in southern China. Sci Total Environ 2018; 637-638:1035-1045. [PMID: 29801199 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Farmland top soils and soil profiles situated in the karst area of Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, southern China, reveal different degrees of heavy metal pollution, both in respect to the lateral as well as the vertical dimension. Pb isotope ratios clearly identify that heavy metal contributions to the soil represent the legacy of former Pb-Zn mining and smelting in the area. Depending upon soil properties, differences in the intensity of the vertical penetration of heavy metal pollution are discernible. Top soil coverage by local farmers provides little remediation. Consequently, hazardous conditions for the regional ecology, for agricultural usage and ultimately for human health remain in place. Based on chemical and isotopic results obtained, more effective remediation strategies need to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Kong
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingjun Guo
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Rongfei Wei
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Harald Strauss
- Institut für Geologie und Paläontologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 24, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Guangxu Zhu
- College of Biology and Environment Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China
| | - Siliang Li
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhaoliang Song
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Tongbin Chen
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bo Song
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Guodi Zheng
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Bing H, Zhou J, Wu Y, Luo X, Xiang Z, Sun H, Wang J, Zhu H. Barrier effects of remote high mountain on atmospheric metal transport in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Sci Total Environ 2018; 628-629:687-696. [PMID: 29454208 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic metals adsorbed on suspended fine particles can be deposited on remote and inaccessible high mountains by long-range atmospheric transport. In this study, we investigated the cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in the soils, mosses and rainfall of three transects on the Gongga Mountain, eastern Tibetan Plateau, to understand the mountain interception effects on their atmospheric transport. The concentrations of Cd and Pb in the soils and mosses displayed a pattern of eastern transect>northern transect>western transect. The distribution of Cd and Pb on the eastern transect increased from 2000 to 2900m a.s.l. (above sea level), decreased toward the timberline, and increased again with altitude; on the northern transect, it generally decreased with altitude whereas a distribution trend was not clearly observed on the western transect. The Cd and Pb concentrations in the rainfall of the eastern transect generally decreased with altitude, and they were higher inside forests than outside forests and temporally higher in the winter than the summer. The Pb isotopic ratios coupled with moss bio-monitoring distinguished anthropogenic sources of Cd and Pb on the eastern and northern transects, whereas bedrock weathering was the main source of Cd and Pb on the western transect. We proposed a conceptual model to delineate the effects of terrain, local climate and vegetation on the transport of atmospheric metals. Our results highlighted the high mountains in the eastern Tibetan Plateau as an effective natural barrier limiting atmospheric metal transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijian Bing
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Jun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yanhong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Xiaosan Luo
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Zhongxiang Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hongyang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jipeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - He Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Shetaya WH, Marzouk ER, Mohamed EF, Elkassas M, Bailey EH, Young SD. Lead in Egyptian soils: Origin, reactivity and bioavailability measured by stable isotope dilution. Sci Total Environ 2018; 618:460-468. [PMID: 29136597 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The current availability of Pb in Egyptian soils and associated plants were studied in 15 locations (n=159) that had been historically subjected to industrial and automobile Pb emissions. Isotopic dilution with enriched 204Pb was used to estimate the soil Pb labile pool (PbE); results showed that %PbE values were mostly <25% which is likely due to the alkaline nature of the soils. Nonetheless, lability of Pb was significantly higher in urban and industrial locations indicating greater reactivity of anthropogenic Pb in comparison to geogenic-Pb. A plot of 206Pb/207Pb vs 208Pb/207Pb showed that all soils were aligned close to a virtual binary line between two apparent end member signatures (petrol and geogenic-Pb) suggesting that they are the major sources of Pb in the Egyptian environment. Soils with greater Pb concentrations (urban and industrial locations) displayed a significantly greater ratio of labile petrol-Pb to labile geogenic-Pb in comparison to less-contaminated soils. However, this difference was marginal (±5%) suggesting that historically emitted petrol-Pb has substantially mixed with geogenic-Pb into a common pool as a result of prolonged contact with soil. The proportion of petrol-Pb in fruits and leaf vegetables was significantly (P<0.005) greater than that of the associated soils suggesting preferential uptake of the more labile petrol-Pb as opposed to the relatively immobile geogenic-Pb. However, it is also possible that the major source of Pb intake by Egyptian consumers is extraneous Pb dust enriched with petrol Pb rather than systematic Pb via roots uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Shetaya
- Air Pollution Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - E R Marzouk
- Division of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, North Sinai 45516, Egypt
| | - E F Mohamed
- Air Pollution Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - M Elkassas
- Division of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, North Sinai 45516, Egypt
| | - E H Bailey
- Division of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - S D Young
- Division of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
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Liu J, Luo X, Wang J, Xiao T, Yin M, Belshaw NS, Lippold H, Kong L, Xiao E, Bao Z, Li N, Chen Y, Linghu W. Provenance of uranium in a sediment core from a natural reservoir, South China: Application of Pb stable isotope analysis. Chemosphere 2018; 193:1172-1180. [PMID: 29874746 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
As part of ongoing environmental investigations of U mining impacts, forty-two sediment samples of a nearly-half-meter-long sediment core retrieved from a natural reservoir near an active uranium (U) mining site, South China were analyzed to quantify the extent of U release and identify U release mechanism within the riverine catchment. Enrichment levels of U was dispersed not only in the surface sediments but also in deep sediments across the depth profile. Further analysis by SEM-EDS and XRD indicated that U partitioning in the depth profile was possibly controlled by complicated interplay of leaching and precipitation cycles of U-bearing minerals. Even with the relative complexity of U dispersal processes within the catchment, the Pb isotopic fingerprinting techniques allowed quantification of source inputs of the sediments by using a binary mixing model. The results revealed that along the depth profile, only 6%-50% of the sediment material is anthropogenically derived from the U ore tailing, with the other predominant proportions originated from geogenically natural weathering of granitic bedrocks. This study highlights the use of Pb isotopes as a powerful tool for quantitatively fingerprinting the sources of U dispersal in the sediment core, and natural-occurring U contamination that may become a hidden geoenvironmental health hazard in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- Innovation Center and Key Laboratory of Waters Safety & Protection in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3AN, UK
| | - Xuwen Luo
- Innovation Center and Key Laboratory of Waters Safety & Protection in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Innovation Center and Key Laboratory of Waters Safety & Protection in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3AN, UK
| | - Tangfu Xiao
- Innovation Center and Key Laboratory of Waters Safety & Protection in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Meiling Yin
- Innovation Center and Key Laboratory of Waters Safety & Protection in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | | | - Holger Lippold
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V. (HZDR), Institut für Ressourcenökologie, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lingjun Kong
- Innovation Center and Key Laboratory of Waters Safety & Protection in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Enzhong Xiao
- Innovation Center and Key Laboratory of Waters Safety & Protection in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhi'an Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Nuo Li
- Innovation Center and Key Laboratory of Waters Safety & Protection in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yongheng Chen
- Innovation Center and Key Laboratory of Waters Safety & Protection in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Wensheng Linghu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China.
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Chrastný V, Šillerová H, Vítková M, Francová A, Jehlička J, Kocourková J, Aspholm PE, Nilsson LO, Berglen TF, Jensen HKB, Komárek M. Unleaded gasoline as a significant source of Pb emissions in the Subarctic. Chemosphere 2018; 193:230-236. [PMID: 29136569 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
After the phasing out of leaded gasoline, Pb emissions to the atmosphere dramatically decreased, and other sources became more significant. The contribution of unleaded gasoline has not been sufficiently recognized; therefore, we evaluated the impact of Pb from unleaded gasoline in a relatively pristine area in Subarctic NE Norway. The influence of different endmembers (Ni slag and concentrate from the Nikel smelter in Russia, PM10 filters, and traffic) on the overall Pb emissions was determined using various environmental samples (snow, lichens, and topsoils) and Pb isotope tracing. We found a strong relationship between Pb in snow and the Ni smelter. However, lichen samples and most of the topsoils were contaminated by Pb originating from the current use of unleaded gasoline originating from Russia. Historical leaded and recent unleaded gasoline are fully distinguishable using Pb isotopes, as unleaded gasoline is characterized by a low radiogenic composition (206Pb/207Pb = 1.098 and 208Pb/206Pb = 2.060) and remains an unneglectable source of Pb in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav Chrastný
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic.
| | - Hana Šillerová
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Vítková
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Francová
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Jehlička
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Kocourková
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Paul E Aspholm
- NIBIO, Norsk Institutt for Bioøkonomi/Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, P.O. Box 115, NO-1431 Ås, Norway
| | - Lars O Nilsson
- NIBIO, Norsk Institutt for Bioøkonomi/Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, P.O. Box 115, NO-1431 Ås, Norway
| | - Tore F Berglen
- Urban Environment and Industry Department, NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway
| | | | - Michael Komárek
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic
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Child AW, Moore BC, Vervoort JD, Beutel MW. Tracking long-distance atmospheric deposition of trace metal emissions from smelters in the upper Columbia River valley using Pb isotope analysis of lake sediments. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:5501-5513. [PMID: 29218574 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0914-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal discharge from mining and smelting operations into aquatic ecosystems can cause long-term biological and ecological impacts. The upper Columbia River is highly contaminated with heavy metal wastes from nearby smelting operations in Trail, British Columbia, Canada, and to a lesser extent, Northport (Le Roi smelter), Washington, USA. Airborne emissions from the Trail operations were historically and are currently transported by prevailing winds down the Columbia River canyon, where particulate metals can be deposited into lakes and watersheds. In lakes, sediment cores contain records of past environmental conditions, providing a timeline of fundamental chemical and biological relationships within aquatic ecosystems, including records of airborne metal depositions. We analyzed trace metal concentrations (Ni, Cd, Zn, As, Cu, Sb, Pb, Hg) and Pb isotope compositions of sediment cores from six remote eastern Washington lakes to assess potential sources of atmospheric heavy metal deposition. Sediment cores displayed evidence to support trace metal loading as a direct consequence of smelting operations in Trail. Smelter contamination was detected 144 km downwind of the Trail Smelter. Cd, Sb, Pb (p < 0.001), and to a lesser extent As and Hg (p < 0.05) concentrations were correlated with Pb isotope compositions, suggesting that the Trail operations were likely the main source for these trace metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Wright Child
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, P.O. Box 646420, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Idaho, 1031 N Academic Way, Coeur d'Alene, ID, 83814, USA.
| | - Barry C Moore
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, P.O. Box 646420, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Vervoort
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, P.O. Box 646420, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Marc W Beutel
- School of Engineering, University of California-Merced, 5200 N. Lake Road, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
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Pérez-Rodríguez M, Silva-Sánchez N, Kylander ME, Bindler R, Mighall TM, Schofield JE, Edwards KJ, Martínez Cortizas A. Industrial-era lead and mercury contamination in southern Greenland implicates North American sources. Sci Total Environ 2018; 613-614:919-930. [PMID: 28946380 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To study the long-range transport of atmospheric pollutants from lower latitude industrial areas to the Arctic, we analysed a peat core spanning the last ~700cal.yr (~1300-2000CE) from southern Greenland, an area sensitive to atmospheric pollution from North American and Eurasian sources. A previous investigation conducted in the same location recorded atmospheric lead (Pb) pollution after ~1845, with peak values recorded in the 1970s, and concluded that a North American source was most likely. To confirm the origin of the lead, we present new Pb isotope data from Sandhavn, together with a high-resolution record for mercury (Hg) deposition. Results demonstrate that the mercury accumulation rate has steadily increased since the beginning of the 19th century, with maximum values of 9.3μgm-2yr-1 recorded ~1940. Lead isotopic ratios show two mixing lines: one which represents inputs from local and regional geogenic sources, and another that comprises regional geogenic and pollution sources. Detrending the Pb isotopic ratio record (thereby extracting the effect of the geogenic mixing) has enabled us to reconstruct a detailed chronology of metal pollution. The first sustained decrease in Pb isotope signals is recorded as beginning ~1740-1780 with the lowest values (indicating the highest pollution signature) dated to ~1960-1970. The 206Pb/207Pb ratio of excess Pb (measuring 1.222, and reflecting pollution-generated Pb), when compared with the Pb isotopic composition of the Sandhavn peat record since the 19th century and the timing of Pb enrichments, clearly points to the dominance of pollution sources from North America, although it did not prove possible to further differentiate the emissions sources geographically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pérez-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Sur, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; Institut für Geoökologie, AG Umweltgeochemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Noemí Silva-Sánchez
- Departamento de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Sur, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Malin E Kylander
- Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden; The Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Richard Bindler
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tim M Mighall
- Department of Geography and Environment, School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Elphinstone Road, Aberdeen AB24 3UF, UK
| | - J Edward Schofield
- Department of Geography and Environment, School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Elphinstone Road, Aberdeen AB24 3UF, UK
| | - Kevin J Edwards
- Department of Geography and Environment, School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Elphinstone Road, Aberdeen AB24 3UF, UK; Department of Archaeology, School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Elphinstone Road, Aberdeen AB24 3UF, UK; Clare Hall, University of Cambridge, Herschel Road, Cambridge CB3 9AL, UK
| | - Antonio Martínez Cortizas
- Departamento de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Sur, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
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Andrade RLB, Hatje V, Masqué P, Zurbrick CM, Boyle EA, Santos WPC. Chronology of anthropogenic impacts reconstructed from sediment records of trace metals and Pb isotopes in Todos os Santos Bay (NE Brazil). Mar Pollut Bull 2017; 125:459-471. [PMID: 28800910 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of the impacts of anthropogenic activities in Todos os Santos Bay was evaluated by profiles of trace metals and Pb isotopes determined in sediment cores. Fluxes of metals increased up to 12, 4 and 2 times for Cu, Pb, and Zn, respectively, compared to those recorded in the beginning of the 20th century. Stable Pb isotopes identified a decommissioned lead smelter and burning of fossil fuels as the main sources of Pb. Most metals showed minor to moderate enrichment factors (EF<4), but Cu and Pb were highly enriched (EF=28 and 6, respectively) at the Aratu harbor. Temporal changes in sediments were associated to different activities, namely Pb smelting, burning of fossil fuels, maritime traffic, petroleum related activities, inputs of domestic effluents, and changes in land uses. The effects of the implementation of environmental policies to improve the waters of the bay could not be identified in the evaluated cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L B Andrade
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente (CIENAM), Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, s/n, Ondina, Salvador, BA 40170-290, Brazil.
| | - V Hatje
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente (CIENAM), Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, s/n, Ondina, Salvador, BA 40170-290, Brazil
| | - P Masqué
- Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Departament de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; Oceans Institute & School of Physics, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - C M Zurbrick
- Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences (EAPS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - E A Boyle
- Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences (EAPS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - W P C Santos
- Departamento de Química (DAQ-SSA), Instituto Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA 40301-015, Brazil
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Sharp RM, Brabander DJ. Lead (Pb) Bioaccessibility and Mobility Assessment of Urban Soils and Composts: Fingerprinting Sources and Refining Risks to Support Urban Agriculture. Geohealth 2017; 1:333-345. [PMID: 32158980 PMCID: PMC7007118 DOI: 10.1002/2017gh000093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
While the presence of legacy lead (Pb) in urban soil is well documented, less is known about the bioaccessibility, transport, and exposure pathways of urban soil Pb. We study Pb bioaccessibility in Roxbury and Dorchester, MA, urban gardens to assess exposure risk and identify remediation strategies, applicable locally and in urban gardens across the country. We work in partnership with The Food Project, which brings the goals and perspectives of local farmers to the center of the research process and enables efficient local application of results to reduce Pb exposure. We measure changes in Pb bioaccessibility as a function of growing material, grain size, and Pb source. In comparison to soils, compost has lower total Pb concentrations, has lower Pb solubility in gastric fluid, and limits fine particle resuspension. The mean bioaccessible Pb concentration of compost is 265 mg/kg, nearly an order of magnitude lower than that of soils, and compost contains 14% higher carbon content than soils, which may account for the observed 19% lower Pb bioaccessibility in compost. For all matrices (soil, raised bed fill, and compost) grain sizes <37 μm contain a disproportionate fraction of the total pool of bioaccessible Pb. Furthermore, the isotopic composition of Pb in the size fractions linked with resuspension and elevated blood lead levels is indicative of leaded gasoline and leaded paint even decades removed from the primary deposition of these sources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel J. Brabander
- Environmental StudiesWellesley CollegeWellesleyMAUSA
- GeosciencesWellesley CollegeWellesleyMAUSA
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Lee S, Han C, Shin D, Hur SD, Jun SJ, Kim YT, Byun DS, Hong S. Characteristics of elemental and Pb isotopic compositions in aerosols (PM 10-2.5) at the Ieodo Ocean Research Station in the East China Sea. Environ Pollut 2017; 231:154-164. [PMID: 28800484 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A total of 82 aerosol samples (PM10-2.5) were collected from June 18, 2015 to October 1, 2016 at the remote sea site, the Ieodo Ocean Research Station (IORS), in the East China Sea. Samples were analyzed for 10 elements (Al, Fe, Cu, Zn, As, Mo, Cd, Sb, Tl, and Pb) as well as Pb isotopic composition to characterize temporal variations in elemental concentration levels, and to identify the potential source regions of atmospheric pollutants transported over the remote East China Sea. The results showed that the annual average element concentrations were lowest compared to those at different sites in East Asia, suggesting a very clean background area of IORS, with values ranging from 114 ng m-3 for Al to 0.045 ng m-3 for Tl. Concentrations averaged seasonally for all the elements revealed the highest levels occurring between winter and spring, and the lowest levels in summer. High enrichment factors (EF) of more than 100 for trace elements suggest that these elements originated mostly from anthropogenic sources. Coupling the Pb isotopic composition with a back trajectory analysis identified the potential source regions for each sample. Our approach identified China as a dominant contributor affecting atmospheric composition changes at IORS, the remote area of the East China Sea. As the largest anthropogenic emission source in East Asia, China contributed to almost 100% of the elemental concentration levels in winter and spring, ∼53% in summer and ∼63% in autumn. Because IORS's ambient air is sensitive to even slight changes in pollutant loading due to the significantly low pollution levels, long-term monitoring of air quality at IORS will provide invaluable information on the progress and efforts of atmospheric pollution management linked to emission controls in East Asian countries, especially China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghee Lee
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; National Institute of Environmental Research, Hwangyong-ro 42, Seogu, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhee Han
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Daechol Shin
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Do Hur
- Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Joon Jun
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Taeg Kim
- Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Agency, 351 Haeyang-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Seong Byun
- Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Agency, 351 Haeyang-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmin Hong
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
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Lee PK, Kang MJ, Yu S, Ko KS, Ha K, Shin SC, Park JH. Enrichment and geochemical mobility of heavy metals in bottom sediment of the Hoedong reservoir, Korea and their source apportionment. Chemosphere 2017; 184:74-85. [PMID: 28582766 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Physicochemical characteristics of bottom sediment in the Hoedong reservoir were studied to evaluate the effectiveness of the reservoir as traps for trace metals. Roadside soil, stream sediment and background soil were also studied for comparison. Sequential extractions were carried out, and lead isotopic compositions of each extraction were determined to apportion Pb sources. Besides, particle size distribution of roadside soil, and metal concentrations and Pb isotopes of each size group were determined to characterize metal contamination. In result, Zn and Cu were enriched in sediment through roadside soil. The data on metal partitioning implied that Zn posed potential hazards for water quality. Meanwhile, the noticeable reduction of the 206Pb/207Pb isotopic ratio in the acid-soluble fraction in the size group 200 μm - 2 mm of national roadside soil indicated that this size group was highly contaminated by automotive emission with precipitation of acid-soluble secondary minerals during evaporation. Based on the Pb isotopic ratios, the dry deposition of Asian dust (AD) and non-Asian dust (NAD) affected roadside soil, while the effects of AD and NAD on bottom sediment appeared to be low given the low metal concentrations in sediment. Metal concentrations and Pb isotopic compositions indicated that sediments were a mixture of background and roadside soil. Source apportionment calculations showed that the average proportion of traffic Pb in bottom and stream sediments was respectively 34 and 31% in non-residual fractions, and 26 and 28% in residual fraction. The residual fraction of sediments appeared to be as contaminated as the non-residual fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pyeong-Koo Lee
- Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, 124 Gwahang-no, Yusung-gu, Taejon, 34132, South Korea
| | - Min-Ju Kang
- Department of Soil and Groundwater, Korea Environment Corporation, 42 Hwangyeong-Ro, Seo-gu, Incheon, 404-708, South Korea
| | - Soonyoung Yu
- Korea-CO(2) Storage Environmental Management (K-COSEM) Research Center, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.
| | - Kyung-Seok Ko
- Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, 124 Gwahang-no, Yusung-gu, Taejon, 34132, South Korea
| | - Kyoochul Ha
- Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, 124 Gwahang-no, Yusung-gu, Taejon, 34132, South Korea
| | - Seong-Cheon Shin
- Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, 124 Gwahang-no, Yusung-gu, Taejon, 34132, South Korea
| | - Jung Han Park
- Science & Technology Policy Coordination Division, Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, 47 Gwanmun-ro, Gwacheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13809, South Korea
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Delile H, Keenan-Jones D, Blichert-Toft J, Goiran JP, Arnaud-Godet F, Albarède F. Rome's urban history inferred from Pb-contaminated waters trapped in its ancient harbor basins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:10059-10064. [PMID: 28847928 PMCID: PMC5617279 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1706334114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals from urban runoff preserved in sedimentary deposits record long-term economic and industrial development via the expansion and contraction of a city's infrastructure. Lead concentrations and isotopic compositions measured in the sediments of the harbor of Ostia-Rome's first harbor-show that lead pipes used in the water supply networks of Rome and Ostia were the only source of radiogenic Pb, which, in geologically young central Italy, is the hallmark of urban pollution. High-resolution geochemical, isotopic, and 14C analyses of a sedimentary core from Ostia harbor have allowed us to date the commissioning of Rome's lead pipe water distribution system to around the second century BC, considerably later than Rome's first aqueduct built in the late fourth century BC. Even more significantly, the isotopic record of Pb pollution proves to be an unparalleled proxy for tracking the urban development of ancient Rome over more than a millennium, providing a semiquantitative record of the water system's initial expansion, its later neglect, probably during the civil wars of the first century BC, and its peaking in extent during the relative stability of the early high Imperial period. This core record fills the gap in the system's history before the appearance of more detailed literary and inscriptional evidence from the late first century BC onward. It also preserves evidence of the changes in the dynamics of the Tiber River that accompanied the construction of Rome's artificial port, Portus, during the first and second centuries AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Delile
- Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée, CNRS UMR 5133, 69365 Lyon Cedex 7, France;
- Department of Archaeology, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BF, United Kingdom
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon I, CNRS UMR 5276, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Duncan Keenan-Jones
- Classics, School of Humanities, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Lanarkshire G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Janne Blichert-Toft
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon I, CNRS UMR 5276, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Goiran
- Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée, CNRS UMR 5133, 69365 Lyon Cedex 7, France
| | - Florent Arnaud-Godet
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon I, CNRS UMR 5276, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Francis Albarède
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon I, CNRS UMR 5276, 69007 Lyon, France
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Zhu G, Guo Q, Xiao H, Chen T, Yang J. Multivariate statistical and lead isotopic analyses approach to identify heavy metal sources in topsoil from the industrial zone of Beijing Capital Iron and Steel Factory. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:14877-14888. [PMID: 28478597 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9055-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals are considered toxic to humans and ecosystems. In the present study, heavy metal concentration in soil was investigated using the single pollution index (PIi), the integrated Nemerow pollution index (PIN), and the geoaccumulation index (Igeo) to determine metal accumulation and its pollution status at the abandoned site of the Capital Iron and Steel Factory in Beijing and its surrounding area. Multivariate statistical (principal component analysis and correlation analysis), geostatistical analysis (ArcGIS tool), combined with stable Pb isotopic ratios, were applied to explore the characteristics of heavy metal pollution and the possible sources of pollutants. The results indicated that heavy metal elements show different degrees of accumulation in the study area, the observed trend of the enrichment factors, and the geoaccumulation index was Hg > Cd > Zn > Cr > Pb > Cu ≈ As > Ni. Hg, Cd, Zn, and Cr were the dominant elements that influenced soil quality in the study area. The Nemerow index method indicated that all of the heavy metals caused serious pollution except Ni. Multivariate statistical analysis indicated that Cd, Zn, Cu, and Pb show obvious correlation and have higher loads on the same principal component, suggesting that they had the same sources, which are related to industrial activities and vehicle emissions. The spatial distribution maps based on ordinary kriging showed that high concentrations of heavy metals were located in the local factory area and in the southeast-northwest part of the study region, corresponding with the predominant wind directions. Analyses of lead isotopes confirmed that Pb in the study soils is predominantly derived from three Pb sources: dust generated during steel production, coal combustion, and the natural background. Moreover, the ternary mixture model based on lead isotope analysis indicates that lead in the study soils originates mainly from anthropogenic sources, which contribute much more than the natural sources. Our study could not only reveal the overall situation of heavy metal contamination, but also identify the specific pollution sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China.
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Qingjun Guo
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Huayun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Tongbin Chen
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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Mil-Homens M, Vale C, Brito P, Naughton F, Drago T, Raimundo J, Anes B, Schmidt S, Caetano M. Insights of Pb isotopic signature into the historical evolution and sources of Pb contamination in a sediment core of the southwestern Iberian Atlantic shelf. Sci Total Environ 2017; 586:473-484. [PMID: 28209405 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Stable Pb isotopic ratios and concentrations of Al, Cu and Pb were measured in a 5m long sediment core (VC2B) retrieved at 96m water depth in the southwestern Iberian Atlantic shelf. Five phases during the last 9.5kyrs were identified, two of them (Roman Period and modern mining) marked by a decrease of 206Pb/207Pb ratios reflecting additional inputs of Pb derived from mining activities. The Roman Period was also characterized by high 208Pb/206Pb ratios suggesting the exploitation of the outcropping portion of the orebody intensely weathered when compared with the other formations later mined. The shift of 208Pb/206Pb ratios towards linearity took approximately 1.0kyrs, which may mirror the time of environmental recovery from the impact of Roman mining activities. The application of a mixing model allowed the quantification of the contribution associated with anthropogenic mining activities to the shelf sediments. The maximum values of Pb contamination occurred in the 20th century. This study gives direct evidence of Pb and Cu exploitation over the last 2000years. The stable Pb isotopic signatures point to legacy of mining activities that are still the prevailing metal source recorded in the southwestern Iberian Atlantic shelf sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário Mil-Homens
- IPMA, Portuguese Institute of Sea and Atmosphere, Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1449-006 Lisboa, Portugal; CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Carlos Vale
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Brito
- IPMA, Portuguese Institute of Sea and Atmosphere, Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1449-006 Lisboa, Portugal; CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipa Naughton
- IPMA, Portuguese Institute of Sea and Atmosphere, Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1449-006 Lisboa, Portugal; CCMAR, Center of Marine Sciences, Algarve University, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Teresa Drago
- IPMA, Portuguese Institute of Sea and Atmosphere, Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1449-006 Lisboa, Portugal; IDL, Instituto Dom Luiz, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, Edifício C1, Piso 1, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana Raimundo
- IPMA, Portuguese Institute of Sea and Atmosphere, Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1449-006 Lisboa, Portugal; CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Anes
- IPMA, Portuguese Institute of Sea and Atmosphere, Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1449-006 Lisboa, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences, University of the Lisbon, Centre for Molecular Sciences and Materials, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sabine Schmidt
- UMR 5805 EPOC OASU, University of Bordeaux, 33615 Pessac, France
| | - Miguel Caetano
- IPMA, Portuguese Institute of Sea and Atmosphere, Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1449-006 Lisboa, Portugal; CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
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Smith KE, Shafer MM, Weiss D, Anderson HA, Gorski PR. High-Precision (MC-ICPMS) Isotope Ratio Analysis Reveals Contrasting Sources of Elevated Blood Lead Levels of an Adult with Retained Bullet Fragments, and of His Child, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 177:33-42. [PMID: 27761844 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0872-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to the neurotoxic element lead (Pb) continues to be a major human health concern, particularly for children in US urban settings, and the need for robust tools for assessment of exposure sources has never been greater. The latest generation of multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICPMS) instrumentation offers the capability of using Pb isotopic signatures as a tool for environmental source tracking in public health. We present a case where MC-ICPMS was applied to isotopically resolve Pb sources in human clinical samples. An adult male and his child residing in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, presented to care in August 2015 with elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) (>200 μg/dL for the adult and 10 μg/dL for the child). The adult subject is a gunshot victim who had multiple bullet fragments embedded in soft tissue of his thigh for approximately 10 years. This study compared the high-precision isotopic fingerprints (<1 ‰ 2σ external precision) of Pb in the adult's and child's whole blood (WB) to the following possible Pb sources: a surgically extracted bullet fragment, household paint samples and tap water, and a Pb water-distribution pipe removed from servicing a house in the same neighborhood. Pb in the bullet and adult WB were nearly isotopically indistinguishable (matching within 0.05-0.56 ‰), indicating that bullet fragments embedded in soft tissue could be the cause of both acute and chronic elevated blood Pb levels. Among other sources investigated, no single source dominated the child's exposure profile as reflected in the elevated BLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E Smith
- Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2601 Agriculture Dr, Madison, WI, 53718, USA.
| | - Martin M Shafer
- Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2601 Agriculture Dr, Madison, WI, 53718, USA
| | - Debora Weiss
- Epidemiology Workforce Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Bureau of Environmental and Occupational Health, Wisconsin Division of Public Health, 1 West Wilson Street, Madison, WI, 53703, USA
| | - Henry A Anderson
- Epidemiology Workforce Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Bureau of Environmental and Occupational Health, Wisconsin Division of Public Health, 1 West Wilson Street, Madison, WI, 53703, USA
| | - Patrick R Gorski
- Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2601 Agriculture Dr, Madison, WI, 53718, USA
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