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Helminen J, Jehkonen M. Relationship between neuropsychiatric symptoms and cognition in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2024:1-16. [PMID: 39325074 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2024.2403764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
The results of previous research on the relationship between neuropsychiatric symptoms and cognition in multiple sclerosis (MS) have been mixed. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the evidence on the relationship between neuropsychiatric symptoms and different cognitive domains in adult (≥18 years) MS patients. A literature search was conducted in the Ovid Medline, PsycInfo, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. A total of 4,216 nonduplicate records were identified, and after screening, 37 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review. Higher levels of depressive symptoms were related to deficits in processing speed, verbal memory, executive functions, visuospatial functions, and attention in MS patients. Symptoms of anxiety were not consistently related to any of the cognitive functions, but the relationship to deficits in visual memory received a minimal amount of support. Higher levels of apathy were most clearly associated with impairment in executive functions, but the association with deficits in visuospatial functions, visual memory, working memory, and processing speed was also supported. The results indicate that more neuropsychiatric symptoms, especially depressive symptoms and apathy, are associated with cognitive dysfunction in MS patients. These results can be utilized in the clinical examination and treatment planning of MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Helminen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mervi Jehkonen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Tays Research Services, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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2
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Mamtani H, Jain K, Reddy P, Arasappa R, Ganjekar S, Thippeswamy H, Bhat M, Netravathi M, Desai G. The co-occurrence of multiple sclerosis and bipolar disorder: A case series on clinical and neuroimaging correlates. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 96:104041. [PMID: 38615578 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
There is a dearth of studies on neuroimaging correlates of Bipolar Disorder (BD) in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). We describe the clinical profile and neuroimaging findings of four cases of MS with BD. Among them, two patients had multiple mood episodes preceding the neurological symptoms, one had concurrent manic and neurological symptoms, and one had multiple depressive episodes and an isolated steroid-induced manic episode. Frontal and temporal lobes, and Periventricular White Matter were involved in all four cases, and hence may be considered biological substrates of BD in MS. Larger studies are needed to validate the utility of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harkishan Mamtani
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560029, India
| | - Kshiteeja Jain
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560029, India
| | - Preethi Reddy
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560029, India
| | - Rashmi Arasappa
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560029, India
| | - Sundarnag Ganjekar
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560029, India
| | - Harish Thippeswamy
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560029, India
| | - Maya Bhat
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560029, India
| | - M Netravathi
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560029, India
| | - Geetha Desai
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560029, India.
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3
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Understanding the Effect of Multiple Sclerosis on General and Dimensions of Mental Health. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11247483. [PMID: 36556099 PMCID: PMC9784896 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11247483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the current study is to investigate how general and dimensions of mental health are affected by multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS Factor analysis, generalized linear models, and one-sample t-tests were used to analyze data from 78 people with MS with a mean age of 52.19 (S.D. = 12.94) years old and 25.64% males and 38,516 people without MS with a mean age of 49.10 (S.D. = 18.24) years old and 44.27% males from Understanding Society. RESULTS The current study found that there are three underlying factors of the GHQ-12 labeled as GHQ-12A (social dysfunction and anhedonia; 6 items), GHQ-12B (depression and anxiety; 4 items), and GHQ-12C (loss of confidence; 2 items), and the general mental health, GHQ-12A (social dysfunction and anhedonia), and GHQ-12C (loss of confidence) are associated with MS. CONCLUSIONS Effective mental health management in MS patients is important given mental health in people with MS is linked to the onset of MS and exacerbating disease progression/relapses.
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The impact of socioeconomic status on mental health and health-seeking behavior across race and ethnicity in a large multiple sclerosis cohort. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2022; 58:103451. [PMID: 34953410 PMCID: PMC9308106 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2021.103451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychiatric symptoms are common in multiple sclerosis (MS) and may contribute to worse MS outcomes. Previous studies suggest the burden of symptoms may vary by race, ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES). Our objective was to expand upon this previous work and explore the associations between SES, race, and ethnicity, as predictors of psychiatric symptoms, mental health attitudes, and health-seeking behavior in patients with MS. METHODS Persons with MS answered a national web-based survey including demographic characteristics (including race, ethnicity and measures of SES), mental health attitudes, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scale, the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale 5-item version (MFIS-5), and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). The survey also queried mental health availability and perceptions of care. We measured neighborhood-level SES (nSES) of each participant using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) index that was calculated from 5-digit postal codes. Other indicators of participant-level SES included education level and self-reported household income. We assessed the association between race, ethnicity, and neighborhood/participant-level SES indicators and affective symptom burden using generalized linear models that were adjusted for age, sex, and MS characteristics. RESULTS 2095 participants answered the survey (mean AHRQ index 54.6 ± 5.4, age 51.3 ± 12.2 years, 7% Black/African American, 5.4% Hispanic/Latino, and 81.8% female). Those in the lowest quartile of nSES (most disadvantaged) were more likely to be either Black/African American or Hispanic/Latino as compared to those in highest quartile (least disadvantaged). Those in the lowest quartile of nSES had higher mean MFIS-5 (1.02 points; 95% CI: 0.39, 1.43), PHQ-9 (1.24 points; 95% CI: 0.49, 1.98), and GAD-7 (0.69 points; 95% CI: -0.01, 1.38) scores relative to those in the highest quartile. Of those who consumed alcohol (n = 1489), participants in the lowest AHRQ quartile had lower mean AUDIT scores (-0.73 points; 95% CI: -1.18, -0.29) as compared to those in higher quartiles. Race and ethnicity were not associated with self-reported psychiatric symptom burden in this cohort. SES was also associated with self-reported improvement of symptoms after receiving mental health care. A higher proportion of Black/African American (44.1% vs 30.2%, p = 0.003) and Hispanic/Latino (49.1% vs 30.6%, p<0.001) participants were more likely to report they would "definitely go" receive mental health care if services were co-located with their MS care as compared to white and Non-Hispanic/Latino participants, respectively. CONCLUSION Higher SES was associated with a lower burden of psychiatric symptoms and with a higher likelihood of self-reported symptom recovery after receiving mental health treatment. Attitudes regarding mental health care delivery in MS varied according to racial and ethnic background. Future longitudinal studies in more diverse populations should assess whether co-location of mental health services with MS care helps to reduce the gap between access and need of mental health care in MS.
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Digiovanni A, Ajdinaj P, Russo M, Sensi SL, Onofrj M, Thomas A. Bipolar spectrum disorders in neurologic disorders. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1046471. [PMID: 36620667 PMCID: PMC9811836 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1046471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychiatric symptoms frequently predate or complicate neurological disorders, such as neurodegenerative diseases. Symptoms of bipolar spectrum disorders (BSD), like mood, behavioral, and psychotic alterations, are known to occur - individually or as a syndromic cluster - in Parkinson's disease and in the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Nonetheless, due to shared pathophysiological mechanisms, or genetic predisposition, several other neurological disorders show significant, yet neglected, clinical and biological overlaps with BSD like neuroinflammation, ion channel dysfunctions, neurotransmission imbalance, or neurodegeneration. BSD pathophysiology is still largely unclear, but large-scale network dysfunctions are known to participate in the onset of mood disorders and psychotic symptoms. Thus, functional alterations can unleash BSD symptoms years before the evidence of an organic disease of the central nervous system. The aim of our narrative review was to illustrate the numerous intersections between BSD and neurological disorders from a clinical-biological point of view and the underlying predisposing factors, to guide future diagnostic and therapeutical research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Digiovanni
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Ajdinaj
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mirella Russo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefano L Sensi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Onofrj
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Astrid Thomas
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Hauer L, Perneczky J, Sellner J. A global view of comorbidity in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review with a focus on regional differences, methodology, and clinical implications. J Neurol 2021; 268:4066-4077. [PMID: 32719975 PMCID: PMC8505322 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-10107-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system which is associated with numerous comorbidities. These include cardiovascular disease, psychiatric and neurologic disturbances, restless leg syndrome, migraine, cancer, autoimmune diseases, and metabolic disorders. Comorbid disease is an important consideration for clinicians treating patients with MS; early presentation of comorbidities can obscure or delay MS diagnosis, as well as significantly impacting the disease course. Improved understanding of comorbidities and their emergence in MS populations is important for improving the quality of life and optimizing treatment for patients. Therefore, we evaluated published studies reporting epidemiologic data on comorbidities and their associated impact on disease progression in patients with MS (PwMS). The prevalence of neurologic, cardiovascular, metabolic, and autoimmune comorbidities was elevated in PwMS in general, and furthermore, this adversely affected a broad range of outcomes. Compared with PwMS, cancer rates in people without MS or the general population were lower, which should prompt further studies into the mechanisms of both diseases. Studies were under-represented in many regions owing to the latitudinal gradient of MS and possible underfunding of studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Hauer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Julian Perneczky
- Department of Neurology, Landesklinikum Mistelbach-Gänserndorf, Liechtensteinstrase 67, 2130, Mistelbach, Austria
| | - Johann Sellner
- Department of Neurology, Landesklinikum Mistelbach-Gänserndorf, Liechtensteinstrase 67, 2130, Mistelbach, Austria.
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
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Cárdenas-Robledo S, Otero-Romero S, Passarell-Bacardit MA, Carbonell-Mirabent P, Sastre-Garriga J, Montalban X, Tintoré M. Multiple sclerosis is associated with higher comorbidity and health care resource use: A population-based, case-control study in a western Mediterranean region. Eur J Neurol 2021; 28:4124-4134. [PMID: 34293826 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Comorbidities are common in multiple sclerosis (MS), and have been associated with worse outcomes and increased health care resource usage. We studied the frequency of comorbidities and adverse health behaviors (AHBs) in MS patients in the Mediterranean region of Catalonia. METHODS This population-based, case-control study used primary health care information covering 80% of Catalonia's population. Cases were matched by age/sex with randomly chosen controls (ratio = 1:5). Demographic information, comorbidities, AHBs, annual visits, sick leave days, and medication dispensing were studied. The association of comorbidities with MS and the profile of comorbidities according to sex within MS cases were assessed with multivariate logistic regression models, after adjusting for confounding variables. Health care resource usage was analyzed in MS cases compared to controls, and within MS cases in those with compared to those without comorbidities. RESULTS Five thousand five hundred forty-eight MS cases and 27,710 controls (70% female, mean age = 48.3 years) were included. Stroke (odds ratio [OR] = 1.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.17-1.99), epilepsy (OR = 2.46, 95% CI = 1.94-3.10), bipolar disorder (OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.17-2.36), and depression (OR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.70-1.98) were more frequent in MS. Cases were more prone to smoking but less to alcohol intake. Among cases, psychiatric comorbidities were more frequent in women, whereas cardiovascular diseases and AHBs were more frequent in men. MS patients, particularly with comorbidities, had higher health care resource usage than controls. CONCLUSIONS Psychiatric comorbidities, stroke, epilepsy, and AHBs are more common in MS patients than in the general population in the western Mediterranean region of Catalonia. The presence of comorbidities increases the health care resource usage in MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simón Cárdenas-Robledo
- Neurology-Neuroimmunology Service, Multiple Sclerosis Center of Catalonia (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Neurology, Multiple Sclerosis Center (CEMHUN), Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Susana Otero-Romero
- Neurology-Neuroimmunology Service, Multiple Sclerosis Center of Catalonia (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.,Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology Service, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Angels Passarell-Bacardit
- Atención Primaria / IDIAP Jordi Gol Primary Care Research Institute, Institut Catalá de la Salut, Catalunya Central, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Carbonell-Mirabent
- Neurology-Neuroimmunology Service, Multiple Sclerosis Center of Catalonia (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Sastre-Garriga
- Neurology-Neuroimmunology Service, Multiple Sclerosis Center of Catalonia (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Montalban
- Neurology-Neuroimmunology Service, Multiple Sclerosis Center of Catalonia (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Tintoré
- Neurology-Neuroimmunology Service, Multiple Sclerosis Center of Catalonia (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
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Joseph B, Nandakumar AL, Ahmed AT, Gopal N, Murad MH, Frye MA, Tobin WO, Singh B. Prevalence of bipolar disorder in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED MENTAL HEALTH 2021; 24:88-94. [PMID: 33328183 PMCID: PMC10231514 DOI: 10.1136/ebmental-2020-300207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disabling, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system and is often associated with psychiatric comorbidities. Some studies suggest increased prevalence of bipolar disorder (BD) in MS. OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the prevalence of BD in adults with MS. METHODS We registered this review with PROSPERO and searched electronic databases (Ovid MEDLINE, Central, Embase, PsycINFO and Scopus) for eligible studies from earliest inception to October 2020. Prevalence data of BD in adult patients with MS were extracted. Meta-analysis was conducted using random-effects model. FINDINGS Of the 802 articles that were screened, 23 studies enrolling a total of 68 796 patients were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence rate of BD in patients with MS was 2.95% (95% CI 2.12% to 4.09%) with higher prevalence in the Americas versus Europe. The lifetime prevalence of BD was 8.4% in patients with MS. Subgroup analysis showed a higher prevalence of BD in MS in females (7.03%) than in males (5.64%), which did not reach statistical significance (p=0.53). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis suggests a high lifetime prevalence of BD in patients with MS. Patients with MS should be routinely screened for BD. Further assessment of bipolar comorbidity in MS through prospective studies may help in developing effective management strategies and may improve treatment outcomes in patients with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boney Joseph
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Ahmed T Ahmed
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Clinical and Translational Science Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Neethu Gopal
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - M Hassan Murad
- Evidence-Based Practice Research Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Division of Preventive, Occupational and Aerospace Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mark A Frye
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - W Oliver Tobin
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Center for Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Balwinder Singh
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Davis BE, Lakin L, Binns CC, Currie KM, Rensel MR. Patient and Provider Insights into the Impact of Multiple Sclerosis on Mental Health: A Narrative Review. Neurol Ther 2021; 10:99-119. [PMID: 33877584 PMCID: PMC8056993 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-021-00240-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease in which the immune system attacks the central nervous system, causing inflammation and neurodegeneration. People living with MS may experience a variety of symptoms as a consequence of this process, including many “invisible” symptoms that are internally manifested and not seen by others. Of the invisible symptoms of MS, which we have reviewed in a companion article, mood and mental health disorders are of particular concern due to their high prevalence and significant impact on patient quality of life. In this review, we showcase the experiences of patient authors alongside perspectives from healthcare provider authors as we promote awareness of the common mental health conditions faced by those living with MS, such as depression, anxiety, adjustment disorder, bipolar disorder, psychosis, and suicidal ideation. Many of these conditions stem in part from the increased stress levels and the many uncertainties that come with managing life with MS, which have been exacerbated by the environment created by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A patient-centered interdisciplinary approach, routine screening for mental health changes, and referral to specialists when needed can normalize discussions of mental health and increase the likelihood that people living with MS will receive the support and care they need. Management techniques such as robust social support, cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness-based interventions, and/or pharmacotherapy may be implemented to build resilience and promote healthy coping strategies. Increasingly, patients have access to telehealth options as well as digital apps for mental health management. Taken together, these approaches form an integrative care model in which people living with MS benefit from the care of medical professionals, a variety of support networks/resources, and self-management techniques for optimal mental health care. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan E Davis
- Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis Treatment and Research, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lynsey Lakin
- The Neurology Group, 9120 Haven Ave, Rancho Cucamonga, CA, USA.,The University of California Riverside, Comprehensive MS Center, 3390 University Ave, Suite 100, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Cherie C Binns
- Accelerated Cure Project/iConquerMS, 187 Robinson Street, Wakefield, RI, USA
| | - Keisha M Currie
- Currie Consultancy Agency LLC., 11 M. R. Watson Court, Eastover, SC, USA
| | - Mary R Rensel
- Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis Treatment and Research, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Raimo S, Santangelo G, Trojano L. The emotional disorders associated with multiple sclerosis. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2021; 183:197-220. [PMID: 34389118 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822290-4.00009-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with a high prevalence of emotional and mood disorders. Emotional disorders may worsen during illness progression and affect the quality of life of patients and their families. MS is often associated with depression, with an increased risk of suicide, poor adherence to treatment, decreased functional status, and quality of life. The diagnosis and treatment of emotional and mood disorders in these patients is often challenging since several symptoms of these disorders overlap with those of MS. Other prevalent emotional disorders in MS include bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, emotional blunting (apathy), and pseudobulbar affect. Early recognition and treatment of these comorbidities could contribute to the reduction of disability and even to decreased mortality. The aim of this chapter is to provide an up-to-date review of mood and emotional disorders that are often associated with MS, focusing on their epidemiology, clinical features, pathogenesis, assessment, and treatment. The interplay between the psychosocial impact of the chronic disability and the demyelinating structural lesions of the brain in precipitating emotional and mood disorders is discussed, as well as its implications for diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Raimo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Santangelo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Luigi Trojano
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
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11
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Meier UC, Ramagopalan SV, Goldacre MJ, Goldacre R. Risk of Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis: Record-Linkage Studies. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:662. [PMID: 32765313 PMCID: PMC7378813 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidemiology of psychiatric comorbidity in multiple sclerosis (MS) remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the risk of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in MS patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Retrospective cohort analyses were performed using an all-England national linked Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) dataset (1999-2016) and to determine whether schizophrenia or bipolar disorder are more commonly diagnosed subsequently in people with MS (n=128,194), and whether MS is more commonly diagnosed subsequently in people with schizophrenia (n=384,188) or bipolar disorder (n=203,592), than would be expected when compared with a reference cohort (~15 million people) after adjusting for age and other factors. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS Findings were dependent on whether the index and subsequent diagnoses were selected as the primary reason for hospital admission or were taken from anywhere on the hospital record. When searching for diagnoses anywhere on the hospital record, there was a significantly elevated risk of subsequent schizophrenia (aHR 1.51, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.40 to 1.60) and of bipolar disorder (aHR 1.14, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.24) in people with prior-recorded MS and of subsequent MS in people with prior-recorded schizophrenia (aHR 1.26, 1.15-1.37) or bipolar disorder (aHR 1.73, 1.57-1.91), but most of these associations were reduced to null when analyses were confined to diagnoses recorded as the primary reason for admission. CONCLUSION Further research is needed to investigate the potential association between MS and schizophrenia and/or bipolar disorder as it may shed light on underlying pathophysiology and help identify potential shared risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute-Christiane Meier
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sreeram V Ramagopalan
- Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Goldacre
- Unit of Health-Care Epidemiology, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Raph Goldacre
- Unit of Health-Care Epidemiology, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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12
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Rintala A, Matcham F, Radaelli M, Locafaro G, Simblett S, Barattieri di San Pietro C, Bulgari V, Burke P, Devonshire J, Weyer J, Wykes T, Comi G, Hotopf M, Myin-Germeys I. Emotional outcomes in clinically isolated syndrome and early phase multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychosom Res 2019; 124:109761. [PMID: 31443806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2019.109761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study depression, anxiety, suicide risk, and emotional health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in people with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and in early phase multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted with inclusion criteria of observational studies on outcomes of depression, anxiety, suicide risk, and emotional HRQoL in CIS and within five years since diagnosis of MS. Studies were screened using the Preferred Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, and study quality was determined for included studies. Meta-analysis and meta-regression were performed if applicable. RESULTS Fifty-one studies were included in the systematic review. In early phase MS, meta-analyses of the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) indicated prevalence levels of 17% (95% confidence interval (CI): 9 to 25%; p < .001) for depressive and 35% (95% CI: 28 to 41%; p < .001) for anxiety symptoms. Meta-regression analyses revealed an increase in mean HADS-D and HADS-A associated with larger sample size, and higher HADS-D mean with increased study quality. Similar depressive and anxiety symptoms were observed in CIS, and increased suicide risk and low emotional HRQoL was associated with depressive symptoms in early phase MS. The methodological quality of the studies was considered fair. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that mild-to-moderate symptoms of depression and anxiety might be prevalent in CIS and in early phase MS. Future research on both clinical populations are needed, especially longitudinal monitoring of emotional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rintala
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - F Matcham
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.
| | - M Radaelli
- Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy.
| | - G Locafaro
- Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - S Simblett
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.
| | - C Barattieri di San Pietro
- Psychiatric Epidemiology and Evaluation Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
| | - V Bulgari
- Psychiatric Epidemiology and Evaluation Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.
| | - P Burke
- The Remote Assessment of Disease and Relapse in Central Nervous System Disorders (RADAR-CNS) Patient Advisory Board.
| | - J Devonshire
- The Remote Assessment of Disease and Relapse in Central Nervous System Disorders (RADAR-CNS) Patient Advisory Board.
| | - J Weyer
- The Remote Assessment of Disease and Relapse in Central Nervous System Disorders (RADAR-CNS) Patient Advisory Board
| | - T Wykes
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.
| | - G Comi
- Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy.
| | - M Hotopf
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.
| | - I Myin-Germeys
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Bipolar disorder (BD) medical comorbidity presents significant clinical and public health concerns with serious impact on health. The aim of this article is to present an updated narrative review of original research articles (case control, longitudinal cohort, and cross-sectional studies) and meta-analyses published in English language journals from January 2013 to May 2017 focusing on general medical comorbidity in BD, including the added risks of iatrogenic factors relevant to the treatment of BD. RECENT FINDINGS We found numerous patterns of association between BD and various medical disorders involving multiple organ systems. One pattern indicated reciprocal increase in the rate of each comorbid condition, such as an increased rate of BD in asthma or migraine, and likewise an increase in the rate of asthma or migraine in patients with BD. A second pattern was a predominantly unidirectional increase in the rate of BD in patients with certain medical disorders, such as multiple sclerosis or cerebellar diseases. A third pattern was a predominantly unidirectional increased rate of medical disorders in patients with BD. One study suggested the potential involvement of genetic mechanisms for the association between BD and migraine. Most of the studies had cross-sectional or retrospective designs, and many relied on analysis of large administrative databases inviting multiple potential biases. Our review highlights the association between BD and a variety of medical disorders. Further research is needed to elucidate the potential underlying etiopathological mechanisms that contribute to observed comorbidities. The results of this review also emphasize the need for comprehensive screening for medical disorders in BD and for adoption of an integrated model of care to address these complex comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aktriti Sinha
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Anam Shariq
- Division of Alcohol and Substance Abuse, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Khaled Said
- Division of Alcohol and Substance Abuse, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Abhinav Sharma
- Homewood Health Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - D Jeffrey Newport
- Division of Alcohol and Substance Abuse, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Ihsan M Salloum
- Division of Alcohol and Substance Abuse, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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14
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Endres D, Dersch R, Hottenrott T, Perlov E, Maier S, van Calker D, Hochstuhl B, Venhoff N, Stich O, van Elst LT. Alterations in Cerebrospinal Fluid in Patients with Bipolar Syndromes. Front Psychiatry 2016; 7:194. [PMID: 28008318 PMCID: PMC5144108 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe and lifelong condition. Primary endogenic polygenetic forms are common. Secondary organic forms have received increasing interest recently due to the detection of immunological encephalopathies that mimic various psychiatric syndromes, including BD. However, only limited data about routine findings of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analyses in BD are available. Therefore, we investigated the frequency of alterations in the CSF in patients with BD and the association with autoantibodies, cerebral magnetic resonance imaging, and electroencephalography findings. CSF samples of patients with BD collected from January 1998 until December 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. Patients with preexisting causes for alterations in the CSF (e.g., patients with obvious past or current neurological disorders) were excluded. In total, 63 patients with BD fulfilled the inclusion criteria for the study. In 1.6% of the patients with BD, an increased white blood cell count was found in the CSF. Increased albumin quotients were found in 12.9% of the patients, oligoclonal bands (OCBs) in 1.6%, and increased immunoglobulin (Ig) G indices in 3.2% (OCBs were not measured in case of increased IgG indices). No significant differences in CSF findings were found between patients with manic and depressive episodes. The main findings of this open uncontrolled study are that alterations in the CSF may be found in a small, but potentially relevant, subgroup of patients with BD. These findings are discussed in light of the new concepts of mild encephalitis and immunological encephalopathy. The detection of patients with possibly secondary organic bipolar syndromes could open up new causal treatment options with immunomodulatory medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Endres
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany
| | - Rick Dersch
- Department for Neurology, University Medical Center Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany
| | - Tilman Hottenrott
- Department for Neurology, University Medical Center Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany
| | - Evgeniy Perlov
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany
| | - Simon Maier
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany
| | - Dietrich van Calker
- Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Forensic Psychiatric Service, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Benedikt Hochstuhl
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany
| | - Nils Venhoff
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany
| | - Oliver Stich
- Department for Neurology, University Medical Center Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany
| | - Ludger Tebartz van Elst
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany
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