Hernandez RG, Qu X, Volk H, Showell NN, Hoyo C, Ellison-Barnes A, Johnson SB. Pre-Pandemic Factors Associated with Pandemic Impact and Psychosocial Distress Among Mothers of Young Children.
Acad Pediatr 2024:S1876-2859(24)00156-6. [PMID:
38759953 DOI:
10.1016/j.acap.2024.05.002]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
To describe COVID-19 pandemic impact among mothers of young children (0-8 yrs.) and assess pre-pandemic factors associated with greater pandemic impact and psychosocial distress.
METHODS
Mothers from three US birth cohorts (n=301, mean child age 2.4 years) reported on demographics and psychosocial distress (anxiety, perceived stress, financial stress) before the pandemic (2/2015-2/2020). During the pandemic (7/2020-6/2021), they completed a supplemental survey about the impact of the pandemic on their families (Coronavirus Impact Scale) and psychosocial distress. Multivariable linear and ordinal logistic regression were used to evaluate pre-pandemic factors associated with pandemic impact overall and by domain.
RESULTS
Compared to pre-pandemic reports, maternal anxiety symptoms increased by 9.4%, perceived stress increased by 13.3%, and financial stress increased by 41.7%, of which all were statistically significant changes. Participants reported the most severe pandemic impact in family routines (72.4%), experiences of stress (40.2%), and social support (38.6%). Mothers with some college or a 4-year degree experienced higher overall pandemic impact compared to mothers with the least and highest education. Pre-pandemic distress was not associated with pandemic impact however, mid-pandemic, all three distress measures were significantly positively associated with overall CIS, with the largest effect size noted for perceived stress (B=1.36, 95% CI: 0.90,1.82).
CONCLUSIONS
While, on average, mothers of young children experienced worsening psychosocial stress during the COVID-19 pandemic, pre-pandemic psychosocial stress alone was not prospectively associated with greater pandemic impact, suggesting that the COVID-19 pandemic may have both elaborated existing systemic social inequalities and created new burdens.
WHAT'S NEW
While mothers of young children experienced worsening psychosocial distress during the pandemic, pre-pandemic psychosocial distress alone was not associated with greater family pandemic impact. The pandemic may have both exacerbated existing systemic social inequalities and created new burdens.
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