Fibromuscular Dysplasia of Bilateral Brachial Arteries

First International Consensus on the diagnosis and management of fibromuscular dysplasia

This article is a comprehensive document on the diagnosis and management of fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD), which was commissioned by the working group ‘Hypertension and the Kidney’ of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and the Society for Vascular Medicine (SVM). This document updates previous consensus documents/scientific statements on FMD published in 2014 with full harmonization of the position of European and US experts. In addition to practical consensus-based clinical recommendations, including a consensus protocol for catheter-based angiography and percutaneous angioplasty for renal FMD, the document also includes the first analysis of the European/International FMD Registry and provides updated data from the US Registry for FMD. Finally, it provides insights on ongoing research programs and proposes future research directions for understanding this multifaceted arterial disease.

Case report and review: epicardial coronary artery fibromuscular dysplasia

Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) of the epicardial coronary arteries is an uncommon entity. We describe the first published case of this condition presenting as a transient ischaemic attack due to thromboembolism from intracardiac thrombus secondary to silent myocardial infarction. We also present the first published case of epicardial coronary FMD with sparing of the renal arteries. This case provides further evidence that FMD of the epicardial coronary arteries frequently involves the mid to distal segments of the left anterior descending artery. A brief review of the literature on FMD is presented.

Anatomic distribution of renal artery stenosis in children: implications for imaging

BACKGROUND

Renal artery stenosis (RAS) causes significant hypertension in children. Frequently, pediatric RAS occurs with systemic disorders. In these cases, stenoses are often complex and/or include long segments. We believed that hypertensive children without comorbid conditions had a different lesion distribution and that the difference might have implications for imaging and treatment.

OBJECTIVE

To identify locations of RAS lesions in these hypertensive children without comorbid conditions.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Patients who had renal angiography for hypertension from 1993 to 2005 were identified. Patients with systemic disorders, renovascular surgery, or normal angiograms were excluded. The angiograms of the remaining patients were reviewed for number, type, and location of stenoses.

RESULTS

Eighty-seven patients underwent renal angiography for hypertension; 30 were excluded for comorbid conditions. Twenty-one of the remaining 57 patients had abnormal angiograms; 24 stenoses were identified in those patients. All were focal and distributed as follows: 6 (25%) main renal artery, 12 (50%) 2nd order branch, 3 (12.5%) 3rd order branch, and 3 (12.5%) accessory renal artery.

CONCLUSION

Hypertensive children without comorbid conditions who have RAS usually have single, focal branch artery stenoses. This distribution supports angiography in these patients because of its superior sensitivity in detecting branch vessel disease and its therapeutic role in percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty.