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Ma X, Zhang X, Yang Y, Jiang L, Huang Z. Relationship Between Atherogenic Index of Plasma and Serum Uric Acid in Patients With Untreated Essential Hypertension in China: A Cross-Sectional Study. Angiology 2024; 75:148-155. [PMID: 36424679 DOI: 10.1177/00033197221141666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have reported that the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) is associated with serum uric acid (SUA) in healthy middle-aged men, kidney transplant patients, and diabetic patients. We assessed the relationship between AIP and SUA in patients with untreated essential hypertension (EH) in China. In the cross-sectional study, we evaluated 5003 patients with untreated EH in China; 1490 were assigned to the hyperuricemia (HUA) group and 3513 to the normouricemia (non-HUA) group according to the diagnostic criteria of HUA (SUA level≥6 mg/dL in females and ≥7 mg/dL in males). A higher AIP level was found in the HUA group (P < .001), and AIP was positively and independently correlated with SUA after adjusting for statistically significant variables (β = .204, P < .001). Moreover, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the AIP was closely and independently related to HUA after adjusting for confounders (odds ratio [OR]: 11.980, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.186-45.047, P < .001). Our findings suggested that the AIP was positively and independently associated with SUA, and elevated AIP might be a significant risk factor for HUA in patients with untreated EH in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiang Ma
- Department of Health Management Center and Institute of Health Management, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanhua Yang
- Department of Health Management Center and Institute of Health Management, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Health Management Center and Institute of Health Management, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhaoyi Huang
- Department of Health Management Center and Institute of Health Management, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Zhang Y, Wu S, Tian X, Xu Q, Xia X, Zhang X, Li J, Chen S, Liu F, Wang A. Elevated atherogenic index of plasma increased the risk of myocardial infarction in a general population. Ann Epidemiol 2024; 90:1-8. [PMID: 37979893 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) has been shown to be related to cardiovascular disease risk, but evidence on the longitudinal pattern of AIP during follow-up is limited. We aimed to explore the associations of baseline and long-term AIP with the risk of myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS We included 98,861 participants in the Kailuan Study who were free of MI at baseline. AIP was calculated as log (triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol). Long-term AIP included the long-term mean AIP (mean AIP from baseline to the first occurrence of MI or the end of follow-up) and number of visits with high AIP (above the cutoff value at the first three visits). The baseline and updated mean AIP were in operationalized as quartiles. Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine the associations between AIP and risk of MI. We excluding all deaths during the follow-up visits in the sensitivity analysis. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 12.80 years, 1804 participants developed MI. Compared with quartile 1, the adjusted hazard ratios in baseline and updated mean AIP quartile 4 were 1.63 (95% CI, 1.41-1.88) and 1.59 (95% CI, 1.37-1.83), respectively. Compared with participants who did not have a high AIP, the HR among individuals with AIP elevated by three times was 1.94 (95% CI,1.55-2.45). The sensitivity analysis showed similar associations. CONCLUSIONS Elevated levels of both baseline and long-term AIP increased the risk of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shouling Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Xue Tian
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Xu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Xia
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuohua Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Fen Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China.
| | - Anxin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Trial, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Zhang Y, Chen S, Tian X, Xu Q, Xia X, Zhang X, Li J, Wu S, Wang A. Elevated atherogenic index of plasma associated with stroke risk in general Chinese. Endocrine 2024:10.1007/s12020-023-03677-0. [PMID: 38197990 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03677-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) is supposed to be associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), but there is limited evidence on its longitudinal effect. Our study aimed to explore the associations between baseline and long-term AIP with the risk of stroke and its subtypes. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 97,959 participants free of stroke at baseline were included in the Kailuan study. The AIP was calculated as the logarithm of the ratio of triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The updated mean AIP was calculated as the average of the AIP from baseline to the first occurrence of outcome or the end of follow-up. The outcome was the first occurrence of stroke, including ischemic stroke (IS) and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We used univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models to explore the association between AIP and the risk of stroke. During a median follow-up of 12.79 years, a total of 6307 participants developed stroke, including 5482 IS and 1024 ICH. Compared with the 1st quartile of baseline AIP, the multivariate-adjusted HR in the 4th quartile was 1.12 (95% CI, 1.03-1.22, p for trend <0.001) for stroke risk. Same results were found in IS, but no significant association was found for ICH. The associations between updated mean AIP and stroke and its subtypes showed similar results. CONCLUSIONS Elevated levels of both baseline and long-term updated mean AIP were associated with the risk of stroke and IS but not ICH in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Trial, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Shuohua Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Xue Tian
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Trial, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Xu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Trial, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Xia
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Trial, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Trial, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Trial, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shouling Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China.
| | - Anxin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Trial, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Kurklu HA, Tan TS, Ozyuncu N, Baskovski E, Ozdol C. Atherogenic Index of Plasma Predicts Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Stable Angina Pectoris. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3249. [PMID: 37892070 PMCID: PMC10606625 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13203249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Chronic coronary syndrome is associated with several risk factors, such as dyslipidemia and hypertension. The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) has been demonstrated to be a biochemical risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). This study aimed to determine whether the AIP is an effective parameter for estimating obstructive CAD. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 345 patients (with a mean age of 62.2 ± 10.3; 63% male) who underwent coronary angiography were included in this study. Obstructive CAD is defined as having one or more vessels with a stenosis level of ≥50%. Depending on the presence of obstructive CAD, all patients were divided into two groups. The mean AIP value was found to be 0.538 ± 0.26 in the study group. The AIP values were significantly higher in the obstructive coronary artery group (AIP; 0.49 ± 0.26 vs. 0.58 ± 0.27, p = 0.002). According to a univariable analysis, AIP values were significantly associated with obstructive coronary artery disease [OR: 3.74 (CI 95% 1.62-8.64), p = 0.020]. The AIP was further adjusted for confounding risk factors in three multivariable analysis models and, all three models showed a significant association. According to an ROC analysis, 0.49 is the cut-off value for AIP, and a value above 0.49 indicates 50% coronary artpery stenosis. CONCLUSIONS The AIP may be used in the assessment of cardiovascular risk for patients with stable angina pectoris, and it may also be used to estimate obstructive CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haci Ali Kurklu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ankara Etlik Research Hospital, Ankara 06590, Turkey;
| | - Turkan Seda Tan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara 06590, Turkey; (N.O.); (E.B.); (C.O.)
| | - Nil Ozyuncu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara 06590, Turkey; (N.O.); (E.B.); (C.O.)
| | - Emir Baskovski
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara 06590, Turkey; (N.O.); (E.B.); (C.O.)
| | - Cagdas Ozdol
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara 06590, Turkey; (N.O.); (E.B.); (C.O.)
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Chun DW, Lee YJ, Lee JH, Lee JW. Longitudinal trajectories of atherogenic index of plasma and risks of cardiovascular diseases: results from the Korean genome and epidemiology study. Thromb J 2023; 21:99. [PMID: 37723571 PMCID: PMC10506251 DOI: 10.1186/s12959-023-00542-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) based on a single measurement is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), little is known about whether changes in AIP over time are related to incident CVD. We aimed to determine whether AIP trajectory, which reflects homogenous AIP trends for a particular period, is associated with CVD risk. METHODS Data from 5,843 participants of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) were analyzed. The KoGES had been conducted biennially from the baseline survey (2001-2002) to the eighth follow-up survey (2017-2018). The research design specifies the exposure period from baseline to the third follow-up, designates the latent period at the fourth follow-up, and establishes the event accrual period from the fifth to the eighth follow-up. During the exposure period, we identified two trajectories: a decreasing (n = 3,036) and an increasing group (n = 2,807) using latent variable mixture modeling. Information on CVD was collected initially through the self-reporting, followed by in depth person-to-person interview conducted by a well-trained examiner. During the event accrual period, the cumulative incidence rates of CVD between the two AIP trajectory groups were estimated using Kaplan-Meier analysis with the log-rank test. Multiple Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS The increasing AIP trajectory group had a significantly higher cumulative incidence rate of CVD than the decreasing AIP trajectory group. Compared to the decreasing AIP trajectory group, the increasing AIP trajectory group had a higher risk of incident CVD (HR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.02-1.69) after adjusting for confounders. CONCLUSIONS The risk of incident CVD increased when the AIP level showed an increasing trend and remained high over a long period. This suggests that checking and managing the trajectory of the AIP can be a preventive strategy for incident CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Wook Chun
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yae-Ji Lee
- Department of Biostatistics and Computing, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hyuk Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, 68 Hangeulbiseok-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01830, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Medicine, Hanyang University School of Medicine, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji-Won Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Institute for Innovation in Digital Healthcare, Yonsei University, Seoul, 06237, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang Y, Chen S, Tian X, Wang P, Xu Q, Xia X, Zhang X, Li J, Liu F, Wu S, Wang A. Association between cumulative atherogenic index of plasma exposure and risk of myocardial infarction in the general population. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:210. [PMID: 37592247 PMCID: PMC10436658 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01936-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) has been confirmed as a novel marker for myocardial infarction (MI), but few evidence on the long-term AIP and MI risk in general populations. We thus aimed to evaluate the relationships of cumulative exposure to AIP and its accumulation time course with the risk of MI. METHODS A total of 54,440 participants were enrolled in the Kailuan study. Time-weighted cumulative AIP was calculated as the weighted sum of the mean AIP value for each time interval, then normalized by total exposure duration, the exposure duration was from 2006 to 2010. Duration of high AIP exposure was defined as the duration with high AIP and ranged from 0 to 6 years. The time course of AIP accumulation was categorized by the combination of time-weighted cumulative AIP < or ≥ median (- 0.12) and AIP slope. RESULTS After 11.05 years of follow-up, 766 incident MI cases were documented. After adjustment for potential confounders, higher risk of MI was observed in participants with the highest time-weighted cumulative AIP quartile (HR, 1.89; 95% CI 1.47-2.43), the longest exposure duration of high AIP (HR, 1.52; 95% CI 1.18-1.95), and those with high time-weighted cumulative AIP and negative slope (HR, 1.42; 95% CI 1.13-1.79). CONCLUSIONS Long-term cumulative exposure to AIP and the time course of AIP accumulation increased the risk of MI. High AIP earlier resulted in a greater risk increase than later in life with the same time-weighted cumulative AIP, emphasizing the importance of controlling atherogenic dyslipidemia early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 S 4th Ring W Rd, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Trial, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You'anmen Wai, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Shuohua Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Xue Tian
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 S 4th Ring W Rd, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Trial, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You'anmen Wai, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Penglian Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 S 4th Ring W Rd, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Xu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 S 4th Ring W Rd, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Trial, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Xia
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 S 4th Ring W Rd, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Trial, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 S 4th Ring W Rd, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Trial, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 S 4th Ring W Rd, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Trial, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fen Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You'anmen Wai, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China.
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China.
| | - Shouling Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China.
| | - Anxin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 S 4th Ring W Rd, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China.
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Trial, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Lioy B, Webb RJ, Amirabdollahian F. The Association between the Atherogenic Index of Plasma and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11070966. [PMID: 37046893 PMCID: PMC10094587 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11070966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a condition caused by a combination of cardiometabolic risk factors (CMR). MetS leads to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), both of which place a burden on not only the patients but also the healthcare system. Diagnostic criteria for MetS vary, and there is no universal tool to detect it. Recently, many studies have found positive associations between the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and some CMR factors. Therefore, a comprehensive review was needed to recapitulate these studies and qualitatively estimate the likelihood of AIP being associated with CMR. We aimed to review and summarise observational data on AIP and CMR factors and verify their association. Materials and Methods: A review of observational studies was conducted by searching “atherogenic index of plasma” in PubMed, One Search, and the Cochrane library. A total of 2068 articles were screened, and 32 were included after excluding paediatric, non-human and interventional studies, and those carried out on cohorts with conditions unrelated to MetS or on lipid-lowering medication. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess their quality. Results: Most studies that reported high waist circumference (WC), triglycerides (TG), insulin resistance (IR) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration, also reported high AIP. Few studies investigated blood pressure (BP) and some discrepancies existed between their results. Conclusion: AIP may be associated with WC, TG, IR, and HDL-C. It is unclear if AIP is associated with BP. The current study’s results should be used to inform futureward a meta-analysis to be seen quantitatively. It is also recommended that more cohort studies stratified by gender and ethnicity be performed to ascertain if AIP can predict MetS before it manifests.
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Hu Y, Wang X, Luo C, Zheng T, Tian G. Sex difference in the relationship of the Atherogenic index of plasma with coronary artery lesions in diabetes: a cross-sectional study. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:10. [PMID: 36681828 PMCID: PMC9862548 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01767-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery disease (CAD) tends to progress more rapidly in the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) population and may be associated with dyslipidemia. This study explored the relationship of the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) to coronary artery lesions in the T2DM population of different sexes. METHODS The research included 737 individuals who underwent coronary angiography from 2018 to 2019. The included clinical data and coronary angiographic findings were analyzed in the study. RESULTS Among the included male patients, those with coronary artery disease had a higher adjusted AIP (aAIP). In correlation analysis, the Gensini score was positively and linearly correlated with the aAIP in male T2DM patients. An aAIP cutoff value of 1.17 was determined from the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of aAIP versus CAD risk in the study population. After dividing the aAIP into two groups by the cutoff value of aAIP, the group with the lower value was used as the control for logistic regression analysis. The results showed that the risk of CAD and multivessel lesions was higher when the aAIP was higher in men with T2DM, and this positive association was not affected by HbA1c, age, or the presence of glucose-lowering therapy. The ROC curve suggested that the aAIP can predict CAD risk in male T2DM patients. However, no relationship was found in the included female patients. CONCLUSION In male T2DM patients, AIP may serve as a reliable marker for coronary artery lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hu
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061 Shaanxi China
| | - Xuan Wang
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061 Shaanxi China
| | - Chaodi Luo
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061 Shaanxi China
| | - Tingting Zheng
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061 Shaanxi China
| | - Gang Tian
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061 Shaanxi China
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Kim SH, Cho YK, Kim YJ, Jung CH, Lee WJ, Park JY, Huh JH, Kang JG, Lee SJ, Ihm SH. Association of the atherogenic index of plasma with cardiovascular risk beyond the traditional risk factors: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2022; 21:81. [PMID: 35599307 PMCID: PMC9124430 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-022-01522-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) is composed of triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and is a novel marker for assessing the risk of atherogenicity and cardiometabolic health. An association between AIP and greater frequency of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and high cardiovascular (CV) disease risk has been reported. However, only few studies have examined the correlation between AIP and CV risk in general populations. We thus aimed to evaluate the relationship between AIP and CV diseases using a large-scale population dataset from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Cohort (NHIS-HEALS). Methods A total of 514,866 participants were enrolled from the NHIS-HEALS and classified according to the AIP quartiles. We performed univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses to determine the association between AIP and MACEs, CV events, and CV mortality. Results During follow-up, we documented 12,133, 11,055, and 1942 cases of MACEs, CV events, and CV mortality, respectively. The multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios [HRs; 95% confidence interval (CI)] for MACEs gradually and significantly increased with the AIP quartiles [1.113 (1.054–1.175) in Q2, 1.175 (1.113–1.240) in Q3, and 1.278 (1.209–1.350) in Q4], following an adjustment for the conventional CV risk factors, including age, sex, body mass index, smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activities, household income, fasting glucose, systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. In subgroup analyses, the association of AIP with MACEs and CV events was particularly outstanding in patients with diabetes. Conclusions AIP was significantly associated with CV risks after adjusting for the traditional risk factors. Therefore, it may be used as an effective mass screening method to identify patients at a high risk of CV events. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12933-022-01522-8.
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