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Yin X, He Z, Ge W, Zhao Z. Application of aptamer functionalized nanomaterials in targeting therapeutics of typical tumors. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1092901. [PMID: 36873354 PMCID: PMC9978196 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1092901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major cause of human death all over the world. Traditional cancer treatments include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and hormone therapy. Although these conventional treatment methods improve the overall survival rate, there are some problems, such as easy recurrence, poor treatment, and great side effects. Targeted therapy of tumors is a hot research topic at present. Nanomaterials are essential carriers of targeted drug delivery, and nucleic acid aptamers have become one of the most important targets for targeted tumor therapy because of their high stability, high affinity, and high selectivity. At present, aptamer-functionalized nanomaterials (AFNs), which combine the unique selective recognition characteristics of aptamers with the high-loading performance of nanomaterials, have been widely studied in the field of targeted tumor therapy. Based on the reported application of AFNs in the biomedical field, we introduce the characteristics of aptamer and nanomaterials, and the advantages of AFNs first. Then introduce the conventional treatment methods for glioma, oral cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, liver cancer, colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, and prostate cancer, and the application of AFNs in targeted therapy of these tumors. Finally, we discuss the progress and challenges of AFNs in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Yin
- Department of Radiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China.,Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Imaging of Tumor and Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment of Shaoxing City, Shaoxing, China
| | - Zhenqiang He
- Clinical Medical College of Hebei University, Baoding, China.,Department of Radiology, Hebei University Affiliated Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Weiying Ge
- Department of Radiology, Hebei University Affiliated Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China.,Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Imaging of Tumor and Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment of Shaoxing City, Shaoxing, China.,Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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2
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Sachdeva A, Dhawan D, Jain GK, Yerer MB, Collignon TE, Tewari D, Bishayee A. Novel Strategies for the Bioavailability Augmentation and Efficacy Improvement of Natural Products in Oral Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010268. [PMID: 36612264 PMCID: PMC9818473 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is emerging as a major cause of mortality globally. Oral cancer occupies a significant proportion of the head and neck, including the cheeks, tongue, and oral cavity. Conventional methods in the treatment of cancer involve surgery, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy, and these have not proven to completely eradicate cancerous cells, may lead to the reoccurrence of oral cancer, and possess numerous adverse side effects. Advancements in novel drug delivery approaches have gained popularity in cancer management with an increase in the number of cases associated with oral cancer. Natural products are potent sources for drug discovery, especially for anticancer drugs. Natural product delivery has major challenges due to its low solubility, poor absorption, inappropriate size, instability, poor permeation, and first-pass metabolism. Therefore, it is of prime importance to investigate novel treatment approaches for the delivery of bioactive natural products. Nanotechnology is an advanced method of delivering cancer therapy with minimal damage to normal cells while targeting cancer cells. Therefore, the present review elaborates on the advancements in novel strategies for natural product delivery that lead to the significant enhancement of bioavailability, in vivo activity, and fewer adverse events for the prevention and treatment of oral cancer. Various approaches to accomplish the desired results involve size reduction, surface property modification, and polymer attachment, which collectively result in the higher stability of the formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Sachdeva
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110 017, India
| | - Dimple Dhawan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110 017, India
| | - Gaurav K. Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110 017, India
- Center for Advanced Formulation Development, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110 017, India
| | - Mükerrem Betül Yerer
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Taylor E. Collignon
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110 017, India
- Correspondence: or (D.T.); or (A.B.)
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
- Correspondence: or (D.T.); or (A.B.)
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3
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Lindegaard AM, von Buchwald C, Rasmussen JH, Specht L, Vogelius IR, Zamani M, Woller NC, Lelkaitis G, Friborg J. Outcome in patients with isolated regional recurrence after primary radiotherapy for head and neck cancer. Head Neck 2020; 42:3161-3170. [PMID: 32681703 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isolated regional recurrences following head-neck squamous-cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are often accessible for curatively intended salvage treatment. Factors prognostic for outcome were investigated in a large cohort of HNSCC patients. METHODS In total, 1811 patients receiving curatively intended radiotherapy from 2007 to 2017 were reviewed and isolated cervical nodal recurrences were identified. Factors associated with survival and second recurrence were investigated using univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS Isolated regional recurrence was seen in 95/1811 (5.2%) patients. Eighty of 95 patients (84%) received salvage surgery. Two-year survival after isolated regional recurrence was 40%. Overall survival (OS) and time to second recurrence were associated with resection status of the salvage surgery and presence of extranodal spread (ENS), while p16-positive oropharyngeal squamous-cell carcinoma (OPSCC) was associated with better OS. CONCLUSION Long-term survival after regional recurrence in HNSCC is possible. p16-positive OPSCC, complete salvage surgery, and lack of ENS are associated with better outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marie Lindegaard
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian von Buchwald
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob H Rasmussen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lena Specht
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ivan R Vogelius
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Zamani
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nina Claire Woller
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Giedrius Lelkaitis
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Friborg
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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4
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Elbers JBW, Veldhuis LI, Bhairosing PA, Smeele LE, Jóźwiak K, van den Brekel MWM, Verheij M, Al-Mamgani A, Zuur CL. Salvage surgery for advanced stage head and neck squamous cell carcinoma following radiotherapy or chemoradiation. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 276:647-655. [PMID: 30673847 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-019-05292-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Salvage surgery for recurrent advanced stage head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is known to result in poor prognosis. As there are only small and heterogeneous studies available with wide variety in outcome measures, our purpose was to select and pool literature according to specific criteria. METHODS Systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical outcome after salvage surgery for recurrent advanced stage HNSCC following primary radiotherapy or chemoradiation. RESULTS 16 of 3956 screened studies were included for analysis (729 patients). Pooled 5-year OS was 37% (95% CI 30-45%, 12 studies, 17 outcome measurements, 540 patients). Outcome was presented for larynx (6 studies, 397 patients), hypopharynx (2 studies, 47 patients), larynx and hypopharynx combined (3 studies, 69 patients) or separately (1 study, 134 patients), oral cavity (1 study, 11 patients), oropharynx (1 study, 34 patients) and multiple subsites combined (2 studies, 37 patients). There was no significant difference in survival outcome between subsites (pheterogeneity = 0.8116). The pooled tumor-positive resection margin rate was 32% and pooled re-operation rate 17%. Complication rates from the pooled data were: fistulas 33%, wound infections 24% and flap failure 3%. Treatment-related mortality rate was 1% and mean hospital stay was 23 days. CONCLUSIONS Salvage surgery for recurrent advanced stage head and neck squamous cell carcinoma after primary (chemo)radiotherapy is a good last resort curative treatment option, resulting in 37% overall survival at 5 years. As data from advanced stage non-laryngeal tumors were sparse, no solid conclusions can be drawn with regard to outcome differences between tumor subsites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris B W Elbers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lars I Veldhuis
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick A Bhairosing
- Scientific Information Service, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ludi E Smeele
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katarzyna Jóźwiak
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel W M van den Brekel
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Verheij
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Abrahim Al-Mamgani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte L Zuur
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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5
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McSpadden R, Zender C, Eskander A. AHNS series: Do you know your guidelines? Guideline recommendations for recurrent and persistent head and neck cancer after primary treatment. Head Neck 2018; 41:7-15. [PMID: 30536532 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Locoregional recurrent/persistent head and neck cancer following primary treatment is a significant challenge as it is usually difficult to treat and has worse outcomes compared to the primary setting. Surgical resection of a local or regional recurrence offers the best chance of cure when feasible. Local recurrence outcomes vary by subsite with laryngeal recurrences having the best prognoses and hypopharynx having the worst. Instances of persistent neck masses following primary nonsurgical treatment can be evaluated with positron emission tomography (PET) with CT (PET-CT) when there is no definitive diagnosis of a recurrence/persistence. Reirradiation with or without chemotherapy can be considered for primary treatment when surgery is not an option, for adjuvant treatment following salvage surgery, or for palliation. Immunotherapy represents a newer class of chemotherapeutic agents. Current guidelines recommend enrollment in clinical trials especially when surgery is not an option as outcomes remain universally poor in the recurrent/persistent setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan McSpadden
- Department of Head & Neck, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Chad Zender
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Division of Head & Neck Oncology, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Antoine Eskander
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Division of Head & Neck Oncology, University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Health Sciences and the Odette Cancer Centre, Michael Garron Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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6
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Philouze P, Péron J, Poupart M, Pujo K, Buiret G, Céruse P. Salvage surgery for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas: A retrospective study from 2005 to 2013. Head Neck 2017; 39:1744-1750. [PMID: 28557145 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the case of a locoregional recurrence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, the curative standard of care is surgery. Our main purpose of this study was to determine the preoperative prognostic factors that would allow us to select the patients on whom we could expect good results with salvage surgery. METHODS We conducted a monocentric retrospective study from 2005 to 2013. It included all patients treated for a recurrence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma with surgery. Their initial treatment included radiotherapy. RESULTS Fifty-two patients were included. Poor prognostic factors for survival were the cT status (P = .0039) and local recurrences versus secondary localizations in irradiated areas (P = .016) and a relapse less than a year after the end of the initial treatment (P = .050). Recurrence-free survival was 19% at 5 years. Twenty-nine percent of patients presented local complications, which were mainly fistulas and hemorrhaging at the surgical site. CONCLUSION According to the high morbimortality, it is important to carefully select the right patients for surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Philouze
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital de la Croix Rousse Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Julien Péron
- Biostatistics Department, CHU Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre, Benité, France
| | - Marc Poupart
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital de la Croix Rousse Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Kevin Pujo
- Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat, Valence Hospital, Valence, France
| | - Guillaume Buiret
- Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat, Valence Hospital, Valence, France
| | - Philippe Céruse
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital de la Croix Rousse Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,The University of Lyon 1, France
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7
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Nadaf A, Bavle RM, Soumya M, D'mello S, Kuriakose MA, Govindan S. Analysis of the invasive edge in primary and secondary oral squamous cell carcinoma: An independent prognostic marker: A retrospective study. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2016; 20:239-45. [PMID: 27601816 PMCID: PMC4989554 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.185931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common head and neck carcinomas and corresponds to 95% of all oral cancers with an increasing morbidity and mortality. Its prognosis is affected by several clinicopathologic factors, one of which is pattern of invasion (POI). The histological features of OSCC may differ widely, but there is general agreement that the most useful prognostic information can be deduced from the invasive front of the tumor. In this retrospective study, our aim was to compare the POI, the status of connective tissue and the status of inflammation at the tumor-host interface in primary and recurrent (secondary) OSCC and test the validity of POI, to serve as a potential marker to assess the prognosis of the patient. MATERIALS AND METHODS Differentiation of tumors, POI, status of connective tissue and inflammation was assessed in 168 cases of primary and recurrent cases of OSCC. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Fisher's exact test was used to determine the statistical significance and P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS Our study showed that majority of the primary and secondary tumors were well differentiated, 117 [95.9%] and 34 [73.9%], respectively. Predominant POI in the primary and secondary tumor group was Pattern II and least was Pattern V. Worst pattern in primary tumor and highest distribution was seen for Pattern III (53.3%), and least for Pattern V (0.00%). In secondary tumors, the predominant worst pattern was Pattern IV (50.0%) and least distribution was seen for Pattern I (0.00%). Connective tissue status for both primary and secondary tumors showed the predominance of loose type (85.2% and 79.2%) and least was variable type (0.8% and 0.6%), respectively. Status of inflammation in the primary tumor group showed a predominance of moderate grade of inflammation (50.0%) and very mild grade of inflammation (6.6%) was the least type. In the secondary tumor group, moderate grade (43.5%) of inflammation was predominant and very mild grade (5.4%) was the least. All the parameters showed a statistically significant difference on the application of Fisher's exact test between the two groups. CONCLUSION Our study showed that POI could serve as an individual prognostic marker irrespective of the histologic differentiation of tumor. Tumor desmoplasia could be considered as an important reflection of the tumor-host interaction, especially in aggressive cancers. Host immune defense, especially tumor infiltrating lymphocytes must be noted as critical factors related to survival rate in OSCC patients. Assessment of mentioned parameters may lead to sound prognostic assessment and appropriate treatment planning thus reducing the possibility of recurrence or relapse. Hence, the parameters evaluated in our study could serve as independent or interdependent prognostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afreen Nadaf
- Department of Oral Pathology, Government Dental College and Hospital, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Radhika M Bavle
- Department of Oral Pathology, Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - M Soumya
- Department of Oral Pathology, Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sarah D'mello
- Private Dental Practitioner, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Moni Abraham Kuriakose
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Center, Narayana Health, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sindhu Govindan
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Center, Narayana Health, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Lin CY, Ho JY, Hsieh MT, Chiang HL, Chuang JM, Whang-Peng J, Chang YC, Tseng YH, Chen SF, Nieh S, Hwang J. Reciprocal relationship of Tn/NF-κB and sTn as an indicator of the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Histopathology 2013; 64:713-21. [PMID: 24117943 DOI: 10.1111/his.12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS In order to determine whether the expression of tumour-associated carbohydrate antigens (Tn/sTn) and a representative inflammation marker, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), is associated with the invasiveness of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), this study has attempted to investigate the correlation of the aforementioned markers with the well-established invasive pattern grading score (IPGS) and clinicopathological parameters. METHODS AND RESULTS Specimens from 143 OSCC patients with classified clinicopathological parameters and IPGS were stained immunohistochemically using anti-Tn, sTn and NF-κB antibodies. Our results showed that the expression of both Tn and NF-κB was correlated positively with staging (P = 0.036; P = 0.015), recurrence (P < 0.001; P < 0.001) and distant metastasis (P = 0.005; P = 0.009), as well as with IPGS, while the expression of sTn was correlated inversely. In addition, poor survival was associated with overexpression of Tn and NF-κB but not with expression of sTn. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that a reciprocal relationship between Tn and sTn expression may serve as a reliable indicator for OSCC prognostic evaluation. In addition, expression of Tn rather than sTn may play an important role in deeply invasive OSCC via regulation of NF-κB signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Yu Lin
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Centre, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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9
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Lin YS, Chen SF, Liu CL, Nieh S. The chemoadjuvant potential of grape seed procyanidins on p53-related cell death in oral cancer cells. J Oral Pathol Med 2011; 41:322-31. [PMID: 22103929 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2011.01103.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To clarify the efficacy of grape seed procyanidin (GSP) on antiproliferative effects related to p53 functional status of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) for its chemoadjuvant potential. METHODS We used GSP to investigate SCC-25 cells with wild-type p53 gene and OEC-M1 cells with mutant p53 gene for the assessment of antiproliferative effects including cell viability, cell cycle, apoptosis, migration and invasion potential, and alterations of associated oncoproteins involved in cellular and molecular events. RESULTS The findings suggest that GSP on OEC-M1 cells leads to cell cycle arrest by increasing the expression of p21(Cip1) /p27(Kip1) protein without functioning mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, whereas GSP on SCC-25 cells inhibits cell proliferation via both G1-phase arrest and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner as a result of alterations of Bcl-2. GSP also inhibits the migration and invasion of both cells, which are associated with the suppression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), MMP-2 and MMP-9. CONCLUSION Antiproliferative effectiveness of GSP is closely associated with the p53 status of OSCC cells. GSP displays chemoadjuvant potential via cell cycle blockage and apoptotic induction. Our findings clearly suggest that GSP may play a role as a novel chemopreventive or therapeutic agent for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoh-Shiang Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National Defense Medical Centre & Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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10
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Röösli C, Studer G, Stoeckli SJ. Salvage treatment for recurrent oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2010; 32:989-96. [PMID: 19953618 DOI: 10.1002/hed.21273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluates the oncological outcome of patients with recurrent oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) after primary radiation therapy +/- chemotherapy, primary surgical therapy, and surgical therapy followed by radiation therapy +/- chemotherapy. METHODS A total of 156 patients (36%) of a cohort of 427 treated for OPSCC between 1990 and 2006 developed recurrent disease. Fifty-one patients (12%) qualified for salvage treatment. Study endpoints were 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS). RESULTS The 5-year OS and DSS rates after salvage treatment were 29% and 40%; after initial primary radiation therapy, 25% and 40%; after initial surgery followed by radiation therapy, 40% and 40%; and after initial surgery alone, 20% and 40%. CONCLUSIONS Patients with an advanced OPSCC have a considerable risk for recurrence. Despite poor ultimate outcome, salvage treatment should be attempted in patients with resectable disease, good performance status, and absence of distant metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christof Röösli
- Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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11
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Chang YC, Nieh S, Chen SF, Jao SW, Lin YL, Fu E. Invasive pattern grading score designed as an independent prognostic indicator in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Histopathology 2010; 57:295-303. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2010.03616.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Chen SF, Lin CY, Chang YC, Li JW, Fu E, Chang FN, Lin YL, Nieh S. Effects of small interfering RNAs targeting Fascin on gene expression in oral cancer cells. J Oral Pathol Med 2009; 38:722-30. [PMID: 19473443 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2009.00769.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common head and neck cancers. The prognosis of OSCC is usually poor because of extensive local invasion at initial diagnosis. In the literature, Fascin has been reported responsible for cell motility and over-expression of Fascin contributes to an unfavorable clinical course. Nevertheless, the roles of Fascin protein playing in aggressiveness of OSCC and their potential mechanisms need to be elucidated. METHODS Two cell lines of OSCC (OECM-1 and SCC-25) via the vector-based small interfering RNA (siRNA) to suppress the expression of the Fascin gene were used. Subsequent analyses and observation regarding the expression of Fascin protein and cyto-morphological alterations were detected by Western blot and immunofluorescent microscopy. Boyden chamber invasion assay, cell migration assay and adhesion assay were also applied to investigate the functional changes of OSCC. RESULTS There were statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) of Fascin expression before and after silencing. Down-regulation of Fascin protein directly led to changes of cell surface protrusions under immunofluorescent microscopy and resulted in suppression of migration, invasion and increase of adhesion in both cell lines (P < 0.05). Furthermore, down-regulation of Fascin expression also resulted in alterations of E-cadherin, beta-catenin and TWIST at certain level, implicative of an association with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that expression of Fascin protein may play an essential role in regulation of progression of OSCC and contributes to the event of EMT in the early aggressiveness of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Feng Chen
- Department of Dental Hygiene, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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13
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Lee TK, Poon RTP, Man K, Guan XY, Ma S, Liu XB, Myers JN, Yuen APW. Fascin over-expression is associated with aggressiveness of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2007; 254:308-15. [PMID: 17499430 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2007.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2007] [Revised: 03/13/2007] [Accepted: 03/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is associated with a high potential of tumor recurrence and metastasis, leading to poor prognosis. Cell motility is an important factor in the progression and metastasis of cancers. Recently, Fascin has been linked to tumor progression by induction of cell motility. However, the precise roles of Fascin in OSCC have not been elucidated clearly. The aim of this study was to analyze the roles of Fascin in OSCC progression using OSCC clinical samples. We demonstrated that Fascin over-expression was found in OSCC clinical samples and its expression was significantly associated with nodal metastasis (p=0.027), tumor recurrence (p<0.001) and poor patients' overall survival (p=0.013). Consistently, Fascin proteins were detected in all OSCC cell lines with the expression level corresponding to the invasion ability. To specifically investigate the mechanism of Fascin in OSCC, we examined the E-cadherin expression in the same set of OSCC specimens. Fascin was negatively correlated with E-cadherin expression (p=0.018, r=-0.513). In conclusion, our findings suggested that Fascin over-expression might enhance OSCC aggressiveness, possibly by interacting with E-cadherin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence K Lee
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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Agra IMG, Carvalho AL, Ulbrich FS, de Campos OD, Martins EP, Magrin J, Kowalski LP. Prognostic factors in salvage surgery for recurrent oral and oropharyngeal cancer. Head Neck 2006; 28:107-13. [PMID: 16388526 DOI: 10.1002/hed.20309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic decisions in recurrent oral and oropharyngeal squamous carcinoma (SCC) remain controversial. METHODS Two hundred forty-six consecutive patients who underwent salvage surgery for recurrent squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity and oropharynx were studied. The tumor sites were lip, 33 cases; oral cavity, 143; oropharynx, 70. The previous treatment was surgery in 73 patients, radiotherapy in 96, combined surgery and radiotherapy in 76, and chemotherapy in one. The clinical stage of recurrence was I/II in 51 cases and III/IV in 195 cases. The disease-free interval (DFI) was less than 1 year in 156 cases and greater than 1 year in 90 cases. RESULTS The rate of recurrence was 54.9%, and the overall 5-year actuarial survival rate was 32.3%. The significant prognostic factors in multivariate analysis were restage (p = .049) and DFI (p = .045). CONCLUSION Patients with recurrent oral and oropharyngeal SCC at initial clinical stages (rCS I and II) and with a DFI greater than 1 year had a favorable prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Marcelo Gonçalves Agra
- Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Centro de Tratamento e Pesquisa Hospital do Câncer A C Camargo, Rua Professor Antonio Prudente, 211, 01509-900 São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was the evaluation of the feasibility of glossectomy using an ultrasonic-activated surgical instrument. METHODS This was a prospective study of 13 consecutive patients who underwent glossectomy (12 partial and one total) for carcinoma of tongue with the use of ultrasonic scissors. RESULTS All 13 patients had glossectomy, with median blood loss of 0 mL. The glossectomies were done with an ultrasonic dissector alone. None of the glossectomies required diathermy, ligature, plication, or other methods for hemostasis. The lingual artery and veins of all 13 patients were controlled by use of the ultrasonic scissors alone. No operative complications occurred, including bleeding or wound healing problems. CONCLUSIONS The excellent combination of coagulation and the cutting effect of ultrasonic scissors has made glossectomy a simple and bloodless procedure. It is a recommended surgical technique in our surgical armamentarium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Po-Wing Yuen
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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He QY, Chen J, Kung HF, Yuen APW, Chiu JF. Identification of tumor-associated proteins in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma by proteomics. Proteomics 2004; 4:271-8. [PMID: 14730689 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200300550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oral tongue carcinoma is an aggressive tumor that particularly affects chronic smokers, drinkers and betel squid chewers. Patients often present symptoms at a late stage, and there is a high recurrence rate after treatment. In this article, we report the first proteomic analysis of oral tongue carcinoma to globally search for tumor related proteins. Apart from helping us to understand the molecular pathogenesis of the carcinoma, these proteins may also have potential clinical applications as biomarkers, enabling the tumor to be identified at an early stage in high risk individuals, treatment response to be predicted, and residual or recurrent carcinoma to be detected sooner after treatment. The protein expression profiles of ten oral tongue squamous cell carcinomas and their matched normal mucosal resection margins were examined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectroscopy. A number of tumor-associated proteins including heat shock protein (HSP)60, HSP27, alpha B-crystalline, ATP synthase beta, calgranulin B, myosin, tropomyosin and galectin 1 were consistently found to be significantly altered in their expression levels in tongue carcinoma tissues, compared with their paired normal mucosae. The expression profile portrays a global protein alteration that appears specific to oral tongue cancer. The potential of utilizing these tumor related proteins for screening cancer and monitoring recurrence warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yu He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Hosokawa Y, Shirato H, Nishioka T, Tsuchiya K, Chang TC, Kagei K, Ohomori K, Obinata KI, Kaneko M, Miyasaka K, Nakamura M. Effect of treatment time on outcome of radiotherapy for oral tongue carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2003; 57:71-8. [PMID: 12909217 DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(03)00507-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the importance of total treatment time on the outcome of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) followed by internal brachytherapy for the treatment of oral tongue carcinoma. METHODS AND MATERIALS Ninety-four patients with T1-T2N0 squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue were treated using 35-40 Gy EBRT followed by 35-40 Gy interstitial (137)Cs brachytherapy between 1985 and 1995. The interval between the end of EBRT and the start of interstitial treatment varied for numerous unavoidable reasons, with a mean of 25.3 days and standard deviation of 3.5 days. The median follow-up period was 59.1 months (range 6-146). RESULTS The actuarial survival rate of all cases was 78.4% at 5 years. The 5-year local control rate for those with T1 and T2 was 92.8% and 62.7%, respectively (p < 0.05). The local control rate of the primary tumor in patients with a total treatment time >43 days was statistically lower than that of patients with a total treatment time < or =43 days in all patients (p < 0.05) and in the subgroup of Stage T2 patients (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that the local control rates in all cases were significantly related to the T stage (T2 or not), total treatment time (>43 days or not), and location of disease (posterior or not). Regression analysis for 5-year local control as a function of treatment duration showed a 2% loss of local control per day of treatment extension >30 days (r = 0.94, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION The total treatment time was associated with the local control rate in the RT of oral tongue carcinoma. The loss in local control was estimated to be 2.0% per additional day in our series for oral tongue carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichiro Hosokawa
- Department of Dental Radiology, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu, Japan.
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León X, Gañán L, Costey M, Kolanczak K, Orús C, Quer M. Recidivas ganglionares aisladas en pacientes con carcinomas de cabeza y cuello. ACTA OTORRINOLARINGOLOGICA ESPANOLA 2003; 54:710-7. [PMID: 15164711 DOI: 10.1016/s0001-6519(03)78471-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recurrencies of lymphatic metastasis implies a poor prognosis in patients with head and neck carcinoma. The aim of our study is to analyse the results of salvage treatment after an isolated regional tumour recurrence. MATERIAL AND METHODS Retrospective study of 144 patients with head and neck carcinoma with an isolated neck recurrence. The treatments used, regional control and patient's survival were analysed. RESULTS Sixty-four percent (92/144) of patients were not candidates to salvage treatment with radical intention. Salvage surgery was performed in 36% (52/144) of patients, with a survival of 46% in this group of patients. Previous treatment of the neck was the most relevant variable to decide a salvage surgery. Patients treated initially with neck dissection had the worst prognosis. CONCLUSIONS The existence of a regional recurrence has a bad prognosis, with 16% 5-year survival. Only 36% of patients were considered candidates to salvage treatment, achieving 46% of survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- X León
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital de Sant Pau., Avda. San Antoni Ma Claret, 167, 08025 Barcelona.
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Strnad V, Geiger M, Lotter M, Sauer R. The role of pulsed-dose-rate brachytherapy in previously irradiated head-and-neck cancer. Brachytherapy 2003; 2:158-63. [PMID: 15062138 DOI: 10.1016/s1538-4721(03)00132-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2003] [Revised: 06/23/2003] [Accepted: 07/15/2003] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this prospective study was to analyze the value of interstitial pulsed-dose-rate (PDR) brachytherapy (iBT) with regard to local control and the incidence of side effects in patients with head-and-neck cancer in a previously irradiated area. METHODS AND MATERIALS From October 1997 to September 2001, 43 patients with head-and-neck cancer in a previously irradiated area (31 patients with recurrent cancer) were treated with iBT alone or in combination with external beam radiation. Thirty-four of 43 patients received interstitial PDR brachytherapy (DREF=20-60 Gy) as part of their curative treatment regimen alone or in combination with external radiation. Nine patients were implanted for palliative purposes. The pulses were delivered 24 h/day with a time interval of 1 h between two pulses. The dose per pulse (dp) ranged from 0.4-0.7 Gy. Sixteen of 43 (37%) patients also received cisplatin or carboplatin with 5-fluorouracil during the time of the iBT. Additionally 20/43 (47%) patients were treated with interstitial hyperthermia. Thirteen of 43 (30%) patients received external beam radiation in a dose range from 20-67 Gy. A follow-up of all patients was done to analyze local control and survival, and acute and delayed toxicity. This analysis was performed after a median follow-up of 24 months (6-48 months). RESULTS Local tumor control was achieved in 34 of a total of 43 patients (79%) and in 30/34 patients (88%) treated for curative intention. Distant metastases were observed in 5/43 (12%) patients. The 2-year local recurrence-free survival rates, disease-free survival rates, and overall survival rates according to the Kaplan-Meier method for all patients were 68%, 62%, and 49%, respectively, and for patients treated with curative intention they were 80%, 77% and 66%, respectively. There was no statistical difference in the probability of local recurrence in patients subgrouped by recurrent tumor vs. secondary primary, tumor size, grading and lymphangiosis. The application of chemotherapy or hyperthermia did not have significant influence on the therapy results. Soft tissue necrosis was the only serious side effect seen in 2/43 patients (4.7%). No other serious side effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS Interstitial pulsed-dose-rate brachytherapy for patients with previously irradiated head-and-neck cancer is an effective therapy with minimal toxicity. The role of chemotherapy and hyperthermia in these patients remains unclear. Further randomized studies with larger patient numbers are necessary to draw a definite conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vratislav Strnad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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Chang HW, Chow V, Lam KY, Wei WI, Yuen A. Loss of E-cadherin expression resulting from promoter hypermethylation in oral tongue carcinoma and its prognostic significance. Cancer 2002; 94:386-92. [PMID: 11900224 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.10211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND E-cadherin is expressed on the surface of normal epithelial cells. Loss of E-cadherin expression has been found in cancers and is postulated to facilitate tumor cell dissociation and metastasis. This study evaluated the role of promoter dense methylation in the downregulation of E-cadherin expression in oral tongue carcinoma. METHODS E-cadherin expression of 109 oral tongue carcinomas (93 primary tumors, 7 locally recurrent tumors, and 9 metastatic lymph nodes) was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining of tumor tissues. The methylation status of the CpG islands at the promoter region of E-cadherin which flanked five HpaII (methylation sensitive restriction enzyme) digestion sites were evaluated by methylation sensitive polymerase chain reaction in 86 tumors (70 primary tumors, 7 locally recurrent tumors, and 9 metastatic lymph nodes). RESULTS Underexpression of E-cadherin was found in 83% of primary tumors, 86% of recurrent tumors, and 89% of nodal metastases. Hypermethylated E-cadherin promoter was found in 64% of primary tumors, 71% of recurrent tumors, and 67% of nodal metastases. Downregulation of E-cadherin expression was found to be related to promoter hypermethylation. Consistently weak expression of E-cadherin by promoter hypermethylation was observed in primary tumors, their corresponding metastatic lymph nodes, and recurrent tumors. Downregulation of E-cadherin expression was a significant poor prognostic factor for survival. CONCLUSIONS Methylation of CpG sites at the promoter region played a key role in the inhibition of E-cadherin expression in both primary oral tongue carcinomas and their corresponding recurrences and nodal metastases. The resulting downregulation of E-cadherin expression had adverse effects on the prognosis of patients who were treated by primary surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao Wen Chang
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, SAR China
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfio Ferlito
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Udine, Policlinico Universitario, Italy.
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Yuen PW, Chow V, Choy J, Lam KY, Ho WK, Wei WI. The clinicopathologic significance of p53 and p21 expression in the surgical management of lingual squamous cell carcinoma. Am J Clin Pathol 2001; 116:240-5. [PMID: 11488071 DOI: 10.1309/wka0-axp2-b8j5-duj3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinicopathologic significance of p53 and p21 expression in lingual squamous cell carcinomas. Immunohistochemical staining was performed with p53 and p21 monoclonal antibodies on surgical specimens from 87 patients who underwent primary surgical treatment for lingual carcinoma between 1976 and 1996. We found positive expression of p53 in 45 (52%) of 87 cases and of p21 in 49 (56%) of 87 cases. There was no correlation of p53 and p21 expression with cancer stage, T stage, nodal metastasis, and tumor grade. Univariate analysis revealed that p21 expression, tumor stage, T stage, and nodal stage were significant prognostic factors for survival. However, only p21 expression and tumor stage were significant independent prognostic factors for survival in a multivariate Cox regression analysis. Overexpression of p21 but not p53 has prognostic value for survival in the surgical treatment of lingual carcinomas. The combination of stage with p21 expression is recommended for evaluation of prognosis and for management planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Yuen
- Dept of Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Rd, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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Donoff RB, Todd R, Elovic A, Gallagher GT, Chou MY, Wong DT. Prediction of human oral cancer radiation responsiveness by histone (H3) mRNA in situ hybridization: a preliminary report. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1998; 56:1410-6. [PMID: 9846539 DOI: 10.1016/s0278-2391(98)90406-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cell cycle kinetics are believed to be a key determinant in radiation responsiveness. However, histomorphologic analysis remains an unreliable method of identifying proliferating cells. In this study, the fraction of cells undergoing division within oral cancer biopsy samples was used to predict the responsiveness of the tumor to radiation therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eighteen cases of T1 or T2 squamous cell carcinoma of the floor of the mouth with known clinical outcomes were identified. All were treated at the Massachusetts General Hospital with external beam radiation therapy alone. The fraction of proliferating cells was determined using in situ hybridization of histone (H3) mRNA expression. Tissue viability and mRNA status was verified using in situ hybridization for beta-actin mRNA expression. RESULTS Matching the fraction of oral tumor cells positively labeled for histone (H3) mRNA (histone labeling index or HLI) with the actual clinical outcome showed that the HLI of radioresponsive oral tumors (12 cases) was 0.336+/-0.185 (approximately 34%+/-19%), whereas that for radioresistant oral tumors (six cases) was 0.088+/-0.078 (approximately 9%+/-7.8%). Using t-test statistical analysis for unpaired samples showed that the difference in HLI between the two groups was significantly different (P=.0068). CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that the use of in situ detection of histone (H3) mRNA may be a useful adjunctive criterion in the choice of treatment for human oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Donoff
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
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