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Samsulrizal N, Goh YM, Ahmad H, Md Dom S, Azmi NS, NoorMohamad Zin NS, Ebrahimi M. Ficus deltoidea promotes bone formation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:66-73. [PMID: 33399485 PMCID: PMC7801090 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2020.1865411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of bone diseases including osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. We have previously demonstrated that Ficus deltoidea Jack (Moraceae) is capable of reducing hyperglycaemia. However, whether F. deltoidea could protect against diabetic osteoporosis remains to be determined. OBJECTIVE The study examines the effect of F. deltoidea on bone histomorphometric parameters, oxidative stress, and turnover markers in diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 6 animals per group) received one of the following treatments via gavage for 8 weeks: saline (diabetic control), metformin (1000 mg/kg bwt), and methanol leaves extract of F. deltoidea (1000 mg/kg bwt). A group of healthy rats served as normal control. The femoral bones were excised and scanned ex vivo using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) for histomorphometric analysis. The serum levels of insulin, oxidative stress, and bone turnover markers were determined by ELISA assays. RESULTS Treatment of diabetic rats with F. deltoidea could significantly increase bone mineral density (BMD) (from 526.98 ± 11.87 to 637.74 ± 3.90). Higher levels of insulin (2.41 ± 0.08 vs. 1.58 ± 0.16), osteocalcin (155.66 ± 4.11 vs. 14.35 ± 0.97), and total bone n-3 PUFA (2.34 ± 0.47 vs. 1.44 ± 0.18) in parallel with the presence of chondrocyte hypertrophy were also observed following F. deltoidea treatment compared to diabetic control. CONCLUSIONS F. deltoidea could prevent diabetic osteoporosis by enhancing osteogenesis and inhibiting bone oxidative stress. These findings support the potential use of F. deltoidea for osteoporosis therapy in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yong-Meng Goh
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Hafandi Ahmad
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Sulaiman Md Dom
- Medical Imaging Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Mahdi Ebrahimi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University G.C, Evin, Tehran, Iran
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Zhang W, Likhodii S, Zhang Y, Aref-Eshghi E, Harper PE, Randell E, Green R, Martin G, Furey A, Sun G, Rahman P, Zhai G. Classification of osteoarthritis phenotypes by metabolomics analysis. BMJ Open 2014; 4:e006286. [PMID: 25410606 PMCID: PMC4244434 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify metabolic markers that can classify patients with osteoarthritis (OA) into subgroups. DESIGN A case-only study design was utilised. PARTICIPANTS Patients were recruited from those who underwent total knee or hip replacement surgery due to primary OA between November 2011 and December 2013 in St. Clare's Mercy Hospital and Health Science Centre General Hospital in St. John's, capital of Newfoundland and Labrador (NL), Canada. 38 men and 42 women were included in the study. The mean age was 65.2±8.7 years. OUTCOME MEASURES Synovial fluid samples were collected at the time of their joint surgeries. Metabolic profiling was performed on the synovial fluid samples by the targeted metabolomics approach, and various analytic methods were utilised to identify metabolic markers for classifying subgroups of patients with OA. Potential confounders such as age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and comorbidities were considered in the analysis. RESULTS Two distinct patient groups, A and B, were clearly identified in the 80 patients with OA. Patients in group A had a significantly higher concentration on 37 of 39 acylcarnitines, but the free carnitine was significantly lower in their synovial fluids than in those of patients in group B. The latter group was further subdivided into two subgroups, that is, B1 and B2. The corresponding metabolites that contributed to the grouping were 86 metabolites including 75 glycerophospholipids (6 lysophosphatidylcholines, 69 phosphatidylcholines), 9 sphingolipids, 1 biogenic amine and 1 acylcarnitine. The grouping was not associated with any known confounders including age, sex, BMI and comorbidities. The possible biological processes involved in these clusters are carnitine, lipid and collagen metabolism, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrated that OA consists of metabolically distinct subgroups. Identification of these distinct subgroups will help to unravel the pathogenesis and develop targeted therapies for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Zhang
- Discipline of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Sergei Likhodii
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Yuhua Zhang
- Discipline of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Erfan Aref-Eshghi
- Discipline of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Patricia E Harper
- Discipline of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Edward Randell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Roger Green
- Discipline of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Glynn Martin
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Andrew Furey
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Guang Sun
- Discipline of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Proton Rahman
- Discipline of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Guangju Zhai
- Discipline of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland, Canada
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
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Mayboroda OA, Neusüss C, Pelzing M, Zurek G, Derks R, Meulenbelt I, Kloppenburg M, Slagboom EP, Deelder AM. Amino acid profiling in urine by capillary zone electrophoresis - mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1159:149-53. [PMID: 17540385 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2006] [Revised: 04/06/2007] [Accepted: 04/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of amino acid profiles in urine and plasma is an essential part of modern clinical diagnostic routine. Here we present an approach for the analysis of amino acids in urine by capillary electrophoresis/time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry. At first a method combining improved separation, high dynamic range, and high sensitivity is presented. Detection limits in the mid nM-range are achieved through the use of pH-mediated stacking injection in combination with modern TOF detection technology. The method can be easily applied to detect differences in the amino acid profile in urine in a clinical context. Moreover, beside amino acids low molecular weight amines, peptides and related metabolites can be profiled. As a proof of concept, urine samples from patients suffering from osteoarthritis have been analyzed. Finally, the introduction of multivariate data analysis in the work flow was evaluated on spiked urine samples and real clinical material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg A Mayboroda
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Parasitology, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Allen LC, Allen MJ, Breur GJ, Hoffmann WE, Richardson DC. A comparison of two techniques for the determination of serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase activity in dogs. Res Vet Sci 2000; 68:231-5. [PMID: 10877968 DOI: 10.1053/rvsc.1999.0369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) shows potential as a marker of bone formation in the dog. Recent studies have indicated that serum BALP may provide a useful, non-invasive indicator of skeletal health in dogs, and as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in the management of dogs with musculoskeletal or metabolic disorders. Two assay techniques (one based on wheatgerm lectin precipitation followed by a simple enzymatic reaction, the second on a specific enzyme-linked immunoassay) were used to measure serum levels of BALP in 35 dogs of different ages. As expected, BALP concentrations decreased with age. For the enzymatic assay, mean (+/-SD) serum concentrations of BALP activities were 100.3 (+/-11.6) U/liter in dogs under 1 year of age, 25.3 (+/-6.8) U/L in dogs 1 to 2 years of age, 16.5 (+/-7.3) U/L in dogs 2 to 3 years of age, 14.3 (+/-5.6) U/L in dogs 3 to 7 years of age, and 12.3 (+/-4.8) U/L in dogs aged 8 years and older. Corresponding results from the immunoassay were 56.3 (+/-9.8) U/L, 10.7 (+/-4.5) U/L, 7.0 (+/-2.5) U/L, 6.7 (+/-3.6) U/L and 7.0 (+/-2.9) U/L. There was excellent correlation between the results from the two assay techniques (r = 0. 96; P < 0.0001). The correlation between BALP and total ALP activities was poor (r = 0.20 for enzymatic BALP, r = 0.31 for immunoreactive BALP), indicating that total ALP should be considered unreliable as an indicator of BALP activity in canine serum. The immunoassay demonstrated acceptable (13 per cent) cross-reactivity with the liver isoform of ALP. The commercial immunoassay kit is simple and provides fast results. Although the wheatgerm lectin/enzymatic technique is preferred in situations where the activities of all three isoforms of ALP are required, the immunoassay should be considered whenever the activity of BALP is the focus of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Allen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
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Crăciun AM, Vermeer C, Eisenwiener HG, Drees N, Knapen MHJ. Evaluation of a Bead-based Enzyme Immunoassay for the Rapid Detection of Osteocalcin in Human Serum. Clin Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/46.2.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBackground: Circulating osteocalcin is a well-known marker for bone formation, but none of the commercial kits currently available can be used in automated systems. Here we present the first semiautomated assay for human serum osteocalcin.Methods: Polystyrene beads were coated with antibodies against the COOH terminus of osteocalcin and used in the COBAS® EIA System. Osteocalcin was detected with peroxidase-conjugated antibodies against the osteocalcin NH2 terminus.Results: The time required to analyze an unknown sample was 60 min, with a lower detection limit of 4.5 μg/L and a linear dose–response curve between 4.5 and 100 μg/L. The intraassay imprecision (CV) was 5–8% (n = 21); the interassay variation was 6–9% (n = 14). In samples from human volunteers and patients, data generated with the newly developed assay were comparable to those obtained with standard microtiter plate-based assays.Conclusions: The coated beads assay may be implemented on fully automated analyzers, which not only may further reduce imprecision but may also substantially increase the applicability of osteocalcin as a marker for bone metabolism in the routine clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Crăciun
- Department of Biochemistry and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Cees Vermeer
- Department of Biochemistry and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Norbert Drees
- Hoffmann-La Roche Diagnostics, Basel 4070, Switzerland
| | - Marjo H J Knapen
- Department of Biochemistry and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Lupoli G, Nuzzo V, Di Carlo C, Affinito P, Vollery M, Vitale G, Cascone E, Arlotta F, Nappi C. Effects of alendronate on bone loss in pre- and postmenopausal hyperthyroid women treated with methimazole. Gynecol Endocrinol 1996; 10:343-8. [PMID: 8915664 DOI: 10.3109/09513599609012821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
High levels of thyroid hormones accelerate bone turnover. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of treatment with alendronate in patients affected by hyperthyroidism and osteoporosis. We studied 40 hyperthyroid patients with bone loss, divided into two groups according to menopausal state. Before treatment and after 6 and 12 months, serum thyroid hormones levels, serum osteocalcin level and bone mineral density were evaluated. In all patients we observed an increase in bone mineral density after treatment with alendronate, and a corresponding decrease in serum osteocalcin level.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Lupoli
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology and Oncology, School of Medicine, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Randall AG, Kent GN, Garcia-Webb P, Bhagat CI, Pearce DJ, Gutteridge DH, Prince RL, Stewart G, Stuckey B, Will RK, Retallack RW, Price RI, Ward L. Comparison of biochemical markers of bone turnover in Paget disease treated with pamidronate and a proposed model for the relationships between measurements of the different forms of pyridinoline cross-links. J Bone Miner Res 1996; 11:1176-84. [PMID: 8854254 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.5650110817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We have compared the use of new markers of bone turnover in the assessment and treatment of Paget disease and made observations on the mechanisms of bone resorption. Urine hydroxyproline (Hyp) as a bone resorption marker and serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) as a bone formation marker have traditionally been used to biochemically assess and monitor treatment of Paget disease. Hyp and total ALP were compared with total urine pyridinoline (Pyd) and deoxypyridinoline (Dpd), free urine Pyd and Dpd, urine type I collagen N-terminal cross-linked telopeptide (NTX), type I collagen C-terminal propeptide (PICP), serum osteocalcin, and bone ALP in Paget patients treated with pamidronate. Patients were divided into three biochemical severity-based treatment groups by their fasting urine hydroxyprolline excretion (HypE) levels (Le., group 1, HypE < 5.0 mumol/l of glomerular filtrate [GF]; group 2, HypE of 5.0-9.9 mumol/l of GF; group 3, HypE > 10 mumol/l of GF). Group 1 received one 60 mg intravenous infusion of pamidronate, and groups 2 and 3 received four and six 60 mg infusions at weekly intervals, respectively. Fasting serum and morning urine specimens were taken before and at 2, 6, 13, and 26 weeks after starting treatment. Baseline Z scores were used to compare separation of patient results from normal, and the difference in Z scores from baseline to 13 weeks was used to compare response to treatment. Baseline discrimination and response to treatment at all disease activity levels was greatest for NTX and was poor for osteocalcin, PICP, and C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP). The other markers showed good discrimination and response at medium and high levels of disease activity. NTX, total Pyd and Dpd, free Pyd and Dpd, and ICTP are all pyridinoline cross-link-based markers, but discrimination and response by NTX was generally much greater than for the others. Determination of the mechanism of the difference between NTX and other cross-link measures is necessary for appropriate use of the markers and may also lead to a better understanding of the bone resorption process. It has been proposed that the greater sensitivity and discrimination of NTX is because it is more bone-specific than the other cross-link markers with significant amounts of free Pyd and Dpd coming from nonbone sources. We propose another model where the proportion of peptide-bound cross-links such as NTX may be increased in high bone turnover states partly due to a rate-limiting step in their degradation to free cross-links. Conditions with high bone resorption rates would have high levels of NTX that would decline rapidly when resorption rates fall to a level where the capacity to degrade NTX matches the rate of production.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Randall
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Western Australian Centre for Pathology and Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia
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Pointillart A, Colin C, Lacroix HC, Guéguen L. Mineral bioavailability and bone mineral contents in pigs given calcium carbonate postprandially. Bone 1995; 17:357-62. [PMID: 8573408 DOI: 10.1016/s8756-3282(95)00242-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We have further investigated the "meal effect" on mineral bioavailability in pigs by mineral balance studies and measurements of bone ash contents and bending moment. A group of seven pigs (CAA) was given all its dietary Ca as CaCO3 5 h after the first daily meal for 8 weeks. The control group of seven pigs received CaCO3 in the meal. Both groups were given normal P within the meals. Ca and P absorption and retention were evaluated by a 10-day balance trial. Several bones were collected at slaughter to determine bone ash, Ca, and P contents and bending moment (three-point bending test). Ingesting Ca after the meal did not affect Ca bioavailability or phosphorus absorption, but did reduce P retention, which in turn decreased the bone scores. Osteopenia, indicated by decreased total mineral contents of bones (and decreased ash:bone volume ratio), was associated with elevated plasma osteocalcin in the CAA group. Thus, CaCO3 need not be incorporated into a meal for high Ca absorption, provided that Ca is given after a meal, but simultaneous intakes of Ca and P are required for the best mineral retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pointillart
- Laboratoire de Nutrition et Sécurité Alimentaire, INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Affiliation(s)
- S Patel
- Department of Medicine, St George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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