1
|
Villani M, Kovess-Masféty V. Comparing stigma between French people experiencing schizophrenia versus bipolar disorders. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2024; 70:679-688. [PMID: 38279558 DOI: 10.1177/00207640231223428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among the multiple challenges that people experiencing mental illness in general, and schizophrenia or bipolar disorders in particular, have to face, stigma appears to be one of the most difficult to tackle. In France, the body of research about stigma regarding people experiencing schizophrenia or bipolar disorders is growing, but not as much as in other western countries. AIMS In this context, our study aims to explore and compare stigma in French people experiencing schizophrenia or bipolar disorders, along with their respective mental healthcare system experience, in order to better address them within public health policies. METHODS 20 French mental health service users experiencing schizophrenia and 20 experiencing bipolar disorders answered the Stigma Scale, which assesses three dimensions of stigma (discrimination, difficulties of divulgation and lack of positive aspects). A semi-structured interview was used to collect information about the experience of the mental healthcare system (level of information, access to diagnosis, treatment, access to psychoeducation, etc.). RESULTS People experiencing schizophrenia and people experiencing bipolar disorders are different populations in terms of social impairment. However, they share a comparable negative experience of the mental healthcare system and a comparable level of information about their illness, to the exception of diagnosis divulgation, as people experiencing bipolar disorders have a better access to their diagnosis. People experiencing schizophrenia perceive a higher actual discrimination than people experiencing bipolar disorders. CONCLUSIONS Public health policies should take into account the strong perception of actual discrimination of people experiencing schizophrenia, with capitalizing on what seems beneficial for people experiencing bipolar disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Villani
- Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, Université Paris Cité, Boulogne, France
| | - V Kovess-Masféty
- Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, Université Paris Cité, Boulogne, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jauch M, Occhipinti S, O'Donovan A, Clough B. A Qualitative Study Into the Relative Stigmatization of Mental Illness by Mental Health Professionals. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2024:10497323241238618. [PMID: 38768408 DOI: 10.1177/10497323241238618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Mental health professionals stigmatize mental illness, which has significant ramifications for public health and policy. Within this domain, there is a lack of comprehensive research on relative stigma, emotions, and behaviors and an absence of literature that can guide research on these topics. The current study sought to address these limitations. Unstructured interviews were conducted with 22 mental health professionals, and data were analyzed using a grounded theory approach. The current study identified a collection of mental disorders (e.g., borderline personality disorder), stereotypes (e.g., dangerousness), emotion-related responses (e.g., fear), and behaviors (e.g., helping) as being key to the relative stigmatization of mental illness by mental health professionals. The results also suggested that professional context and familiarity with mental illness decrease the stigmatization of mental illness by mental health professionals. These variables and constructs were combined to form a grounded theory of mental health professionals stigmatizing mental illness. The current study has implications for the direction of future research on the stigmatization of mental illness by mental health professionals and interventions that strive to mitigate this type of stigmatization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefano Occhipinti
- Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- International Research Centre for the Advancement of Health Communication, Department of English and Communication, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Bonnie Clough
- Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Griffith Centre for Mental Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hewitt J, Murray K. Negative body image mental health literacy in women: Exploring aesthetic and functional concerns and the role of self-objectification. Body Image 2024; 48:101657. [PMID: 38061211 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.101657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Despite its high prevalence in women, few studies have examined lay knowledge and beliefs about negative body image. Yet, studies applying mental health literacy to body image problems suggest recognition of appearance concerns is poor, which could impede help-seeking. The present study extended previous work by investigating problem recognition, beliefs and help-seeking for aesthetic and functional (physical ability focused) body image concerns in women, and the role of self-objectification in help-seeking. A within-subjects online survey design employing the mental health literacy paradigm was undertaken in a sample of 210 female-identifying adults residing in Australia (Mage = 31.25, SD = 12.76). Overall, results indicated that recognition of body image problems depicted via fictional text vignettes was limited. Moreover, recognition, as well as ratings of perceived prevalence, distress, sympathy, affective reactions, and help-seeking recommendations and intentions, were significantly greater for aesthetic compared to functional body image concerns. Self-objectification displayed significant negative associations with help-seeking recommendations for aesthetic (but not functional) concerns, and was not associated with help-seeking intentions. Findings suggest that negative body image mental health literacy is poor in women, particularly in relation to body functionality. More research is needed to facilitate help-seeking and reduce the impact of body image concerns in women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Hewitt
- School of Medicine and Psychology, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Kristen Murray
- School of Medicine and Psychology, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dalky HF, Alnajar M, Dalky AF, Mahmoud N, Al‐Ma'ani M, Mosleh S, Hamdan‐Mansour AM. Social cognitive elements of mental illness stigma among healthcare professionals currently working in general hospitals: A cross-sectional study from Jordan. Nurs Open 2023; 10:6980-6988. [PMID: 37515452 PMCID: PMC10495734 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To assess the social cognitive elements of the stigma of mental illness (knowledge, attitudes and behaviours) among healthcare professionals (HCPs) in Jordan. DESIGN A cross-sectional descriptive design. METHODS A total of 206 HCPs were conveniently recruited from general hospitals in Jordan. The mental attitude, knowledge and intended behaviours scales were used to measure stigma elements. RESULTS Participants reported a moderate level of knowledge, a moderate negative attitude and a moderate or not greater interest to deal with people with mental health illnesses. The bivariate correlation revealed a negative significant correlation between HCPs' knowledge and attitude, indicating that HCPs with more knowledge significantly have more positive attitude (lower average score) towards those suffering from the illness. A more significant correlation was found between HCPs' knowledge and behaviour. The HCPs who had more knowledge were holding more interest and willingness towards dealing with persons with mental illness. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION Negative attitudes among HCPs demand awareness programmes pertaining to the stigma of mental illness to afford higher standards of practice for patients with mental problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heyam F. Dalky
- Community/Mental Health Nursing Department, Faculty of NursingJordan University of Science & TechnologyIrbidJordan
| | - Malek Alnajar
- Graduate Research and Teaching Assistant College of NursingUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Ala'a F. Dalky
- Department of Health Management and Policy, Faculty of MedicineJordan University of Science and TechnologyIrbidJordan
| | - Naser Mahmoud
- Acute Inpatient Psychiatry UnitAl‐Rashid Hospital CenterAmmanJordan
| | | | - Sultan Mosleh
- Health Sciences Department‐Nursing ProgramHigher Colleges of TechnologyAl‐FujairahUnited Arab Emirates
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li L, Lu S, Xie C, Li Y. Stigmatizing attitudes toward mental disorders among non-mental health nurses in general hospitals of China: a national survey. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1180034. [PMID: 37599894 PMCID: PMC10433212 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1180034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Negative attitudes of nurses toward mental disorders have been reported in various countries. Nurses' stigmatizing attitudes can harm patients with mental disorders (PWMD), thereby delaying the provision of help to patients and leading to decreased quality of care. In this study, we aimed to assess Chinese nurses' stigmatizing attitudes toward patients with mental illness and provide a basis for future development and testing of appropriate and culturally adapted interventions to reduce it. Objective This study aimed to assess the attitudes of Non-mental Health Nurses (NMHNs) in general hospitals in China toward the stigma of PWMD and determine the factors influencing them. Methods A cross-sectional survey of NMHNs in general hospitals were conducted. A self-designed WeChat-based questionnaire was used that included demographic information about the need for training on mental health issues. Participants were provided with a vignette of a depression case with suicidal thoughts. The Depression Stigma Scale (DSS) and Social Distance Scale (SDS) were used to assess attitudes toward mental disorders. Nine questions on the adequacy of knowledge about anxiety and depression and the current status of scale use were used to assess the current status of training needs for mental disorders. Descriptive analysis, chi-square test, and multivariate logistic regression were used for the table. Results A total of 8,254 nurses in non-mental health professions participated in this study. The mean DSS score of NMHNs was (17.24 ± 6.700), and the SDS score was (10.34 ± 3.154). The total detection rate of stigma among the survey respondents was 13.40% (1,107/8254). Multivariate logistic regression showed that age between 30 and 39 years [p = 0.001, OR = 1.427 (1.154-1.764)], 4 years of work experience and above [p = 0.018, OR = 1.377 (1.056-1.796)], having a bachelor's degree [p < 0.001, OR = 0.742 (0.647-0.851)], adequate psychological knowledge [p < 0.001, OR = 1.567 (1.364-1.799)], full knowledge of communication with patients with anxiety and depression [p < 0.001, OR = 1.848 (1.389-2.459)], and the need to acquire skills to identify anxiety and depression were the influencing factors associated with stigma [p < 0.001, OR = 0.343 (0.236-0.499)]. Conclusion Stigmatizing attitudes toward PWMD exist among NMHNs in general hospitals in China. Thus, more mental health education programs for NMHNs are needed. Factors associated with higher morbidity stigma can be used to develop appropriate interventions to improve NMHNs' stigmatizing attitudes and provide better quality care to PWMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Shurong Lu
- Centre for Mental Health | Melbourne School of Population and Global Health The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chunyan Xie
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yamin Li
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hao Y, Wu Q, Wang X, Ma Y, Wang Y, Peng P, Wang X, Yang Q, Liu Y, Li M, He L, Wang Q, Zhou Y, Liu T, Chen S. Stigmatizing attitudes toward mental illness among caregivers of patients with mental disorders in China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1071954. [PMID: 37427283 PMCID: PMC10325790 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1071954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate stigmatizing attitudes toward depression, schizophrenia, and general anxiety disorder (GAD) among caregivers of patients with mental disorders in China. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 607 caregivers in China, using vignettes that described three mental illnesses. Data on the caregivers' attitudes and other people's attitudes toward individuals with mental disorders and their willingness to come in contact with people with mental disorders were collected. Results In the three vignettes, caregivers agreed that positive outcomes outnumbered negative outcomes. The top two statements endorsing the stigma were "the person could snap out of the problem" and "people with this problem are dangerous." In the section for perceived stigma, caregivers in the GAD vignette agreed that most people believed this problem is not a real medical illness, compared to schizophrenia. The rates of the statement endorsing unpredictability were significantly different in the schizophrenia (57.2%) and depression (45.5%) vignette, in comparison to the GAD (45.6%) vignette. For personal stigma, the caregivers tended to avoid people described in the depression vignette more often than in the GAD vignette. The caregivers were most unwilling to let the person described in the vignettes marry into their family, especially in the schizophrenia vignette. Conclusion Despite the stigma and desire for social distance associated with schizophrenia, depression, and GAD, caregivers often expect positive outcomes. Actions should be taken to improve caregivers' knowledge about mental health and reduce the stigma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhu Hao
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiuxia Wu
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuyi Wang
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuejiao Ma
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yunfei Wang
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pu Peng
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Wang
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Yang
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yueheng Liu
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Manyun Li
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li He
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qianjin Wang
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanan Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Hunan Brain Hospital (Hunan Second People’s Hospital), Changsha, China
| | - Tieqiao Liu
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shubao Chen
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Őri D, Szocsics P, Molnár T, Bankovska Motlova L, Kazakova O, Mörkl S, Wallies M, Abdulhakim M, Boivin S, Bruna K, Cabacos C, Carbone EA, Dashi E, Grech G, Greguras S, Ivanovic I, Guevara K, Kakar S, Kotsis K, Klinkby IMI, Maslak J, Matheiken S, Mirkovic A, Nechepurenko N, Panayi A, Pereira AT, Pomarol-Clotet E, Raaj S, Rus Prelog P, Soler-Vidal J, Strumila R, Schuster F, Kisand H, Hargi A, Ahmadova G, Vircik M, Yilmaz Kafali H, Grinko N, Győrffy Z, Rózsa S. Psychometric properties of the Opening Minds Stigma Scale for Health Care Providers in 32 European countries - A bifactor ESEM representation. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1168929. [PMID: 37361150 PMCID: PMC10285467 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1168929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims To measure the stigma of healthcare providers toward people suffering from mental illness, the Opening Minds Stigma Scale for Health Care Providers (OMS-HC) is a commonly applied instrument. However, this scale has not been thoroughly validated in many European countries, its psychometric properties are still unknown and data on practicing psychiatrists is lacking. Therefore, this multicenter study aimed to assess the psychometric characteristics of the 15-item OMS-HC in trainees and specialists in adult and child psychiatry in 32 countries across Europe. Materials and methods The OMS-HC was conducted as an anonymous online survey and sent via Email to European adult and child psychiatrists. Parallel analysis was used to estimate the number of OMS-HC dimensions. Separate for each country, the bifactor ESEM, a bifactor exploratory structural equation modeling approach, was applied to investigate the factor structure of the scale. Cross-cultural validation was done based on multigroup confirmatory factor analyses and reliability measures. Results A total of 4,245 practitioners were included, 2,826 (67%) female, 1,389 (33%) male. The majority (66%) of participants were specialists, with 78% working in adult psychiatry. When country data were analyzed separately, the bifactor model (higher-order factor solution with a general factor and three specific factors) showed the best model fit (for the total sample χ2/df = 9.760, RMSEA = 0.045 (0.042-0.049), CFI = 0.981; TLI = 0.960, WRMR = 1.200). The average proportion of variance explained by the general factor was high (ECV = 0.682). This suggests that the aspects of 'attitude,' 'disclosure and help-seeking,' and 'social distance' could be treated as a single dimension of stigma. Among the specific factors, the 'disclosure and help-seeking' factor explained a considerable unique proportion of variance in the observed scores. Conclusion This international study has led to cross-cultural analysis of the OMS-HC on a large sample of practicing psychiatrists. The bifactor structure displayed the best overall model fit in each country. Rather than using the subscales, we recommend the total score to quantify the overall stigmatizing attitudes. Further studies are required to strengthen our findings in countries where the proposed model was found to be weak.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorottya Őri
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Mental Health, Heim Pál National Pediatric Institute, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Péter Szocsics
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Molnár
- Department of Psychiatry, Aladar Petz County Teaching Hospital, Győr, Hungary
| | - Lucie Bankovska Motlova
- Division of Medical Psychology, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Olga Kazakova
- Inpatient Psychiatric Department #2, Psychiatric Clinic of Minsk City, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Sabrina Mörkl
- Division of Medical Psychology, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | | | - Sylvie Boivin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, EPSM du Finistère Sud, Quimper, France
| | - Krista Bruna
- Admission Ward, State Psychiatric Hospital Gintermuiza, Jelgava, Latvia
| | - Carolina Cabacos
- Psychiatry Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Elvira Anna Carbone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Elona Dashi
- Department of Neuroscience, University Hospital Center “Mother Theresa”, Tirana, Albania
| | - Giovanni Grech
- Mental Health Services, Mount Carmel Hospital, Attard, Malta
| | - Stjepan Greguras
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Iva Ivanovic
- Department for Child Psychiatry, Clinical Centre of Montenegro, Institute for Children’s Diseases, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Kaloyan Guevara
- Acute Detoxification Ward, State Psychiatric Hospital for Treatment of Drug Addiction and Alcoholism, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Selay Kakar
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Ana Mirkovic
- Child Psychiatry Unit, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nikita Nechepurenko
- The Serbsky State Scientific Center for Social and Forensic Psychiatry, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Ana Telma Pereira
- Institute of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Edith Pomarol-Clotet
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Shaeraine Raaj
- Department of General Adult Psychiatry, South Meath Mental Health Service, Meath, Ireland
| | - Polona Rus Prelog
- Centre for Clinical Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Clinic Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Joan Soler-Vidal
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital Benito Menni, Complex Assistencial Salut Mental, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Robertas Strumila
- Department of Urgent and Post Urgent Psychiatry, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- Psychiatric Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Florian Schuster
- Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München: Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Gumru Ahmadova
- Department of Psychiatry, United City Hospital N15, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Matus Vircik
- Acute Psychiatric Department 1, Psychiatric Hospital Michalovce, Michalovce, Slovakia
| | - Helin Yilmaz Kafali
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Sultanbeyli State Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Natalia Grinko
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Ukrainian Catholic University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Zsuzsa Győrffy
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sandor Rózsa
- Department of Personality and Health Psychology, Károli Gáspár University of the Reformed Church, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kulwicka K, Gasiorowska A. Depression literacy and misconceptions scale (DepSter): a new two-factorial tool for measuring beliefs about depression. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:300. [PMID: 37127570 PMCID: PMC10150464 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04796-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression literacy has received extensive attention within mental health research. It has been studied by different social groups and professions in Western and non-Western cultures. The importance of this topic stems from the fact that depression literacy is strongly related to attitudes toward people who are diagnosed with depression, the tendency to stigmatize this mental disorder, and to the propensity to undertake help-seeking behaviors. Therefore, understanding and promoting depression literacy is crucial in contemporary mental health prevention and promotion. We propose a new two-factorial tool measuring beliefs about depression. This 14-item self-report measure captures how people vary across two dimensions of beliefs about depression-depression literacy and misconceptions about depression. METHODS In ten studies with a total sample of over 4,600 participants from three countries, we demonstrated the two-factorial structure of the Depression Literacy and Misconceptions Scale (DepSter) in Polish (Studies 1 and 2), American (Study 4), and British (Study 5) samples. We showed measurement equivalence for the Polish and English versions of the scale (Study 3). Furthermore, we tested the discriminant meaning of the two dimensions of beliefs about depression analyzing its association with health literacy, mental health literacy, and prejudice toward people with mental illness (Study 4), depression literacy and depression stigma (Study 5), empathetic concerns (Study 7), social dominance orientation (Study 8), and the Big Five personality traits (Study 9). We also investigated whether individuals with formal education in psychology and direct or indirect experience with depression demonstrate a higher level of depression literacy and a lower level of misconceptions about depression (Study 6). Our measure showed high stability for two dimensions of beliefs about depression (Study 10), in both its Polish and English versions, with the measurement conducted after three weeks and three months. DISCUSSION We conclude that the proposed approach to beliefs about depression capturing both depression literacy and misconceptions about depression measured with the DepSter scale can easily be applied in clinical and social settings, especially in studies concerning the perception of those diagnosed with depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kulwicka
- Faculty of Psychology in Wroclaw, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Agata Gasiorowska
- Faculty of Psychology in Wroclaw, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warszawa, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kolb K, Liu J, Jackman K. Stigma towards patients with mental illness: An online survey of United States nurses. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2023; 32:323-336. [PMID: 36285570 DOI: 10.1111/inm.13084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
People with mental illness experience significant health disparities, including morbidity and premature mortality. Evidence suggests that stigma is a contributing factor to these observed inequities. The tripartite conceptualization of stigma proposes that three problems underlie stigma: problems of knowledge (ignorance), attitudes (prejudice) and behaviour (discrimination). There is limited prior research concerning stigma towards mental illness among nurses in the United States (US). The aims of this study were to assess stigma among US nurses towards patients with mental illness, compare the stigma expressed by nurses working in medical/surgical settings with mental health settings, and identify factors associated with stigma. Participants were recruited online from national professional nursing organizations in the US. We collected demographic data and administered measures of mental health stigma and stigma-related mental health knowledge. Mental health nurses demonstrated comparatively lower levels of stigma and higher levels of knowledge than the medical/surgical nurses. Nursing speciality and personal contact with mental illness were the most significant predictors of stigma and knowledge. Knowledge was found to partially mediate the relationship between nursing speciality and stigma. We found support for the 'contact hypothesis', that is, having a personal experience of mental illness or a friend or family member who has a mental illness is associated with lower stigma towards mental illness. These findings support the development of contact-based and educational anti-stigma interventions for nurses in order to reduce stigma towards mental illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Kolb
- New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jianfang Liu
- Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kasey Jackman
- New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jauch M, Occhipinti S, O’Donovan A. The stigmatization of mental illness by mental health professionals: Scoping review and bibliometric analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280739. [PMID: 36662889 PMCID: PMC9858369 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Although research suggests that mental health professionals stigmatize mental illness, studies on this topic are relativity new. Little is known about the state of this research and existing literature reviews exhibit multiple limitations. Accordingly, a scoping review was performed on the endorsed stigmatization of mental illness by mental health professionals, with the aim of exploring how research is conducted and whether there are gaps in the literature. Studies were included from any time period if they supplied findings on the endorsed stigmatization of mental illness by mental health professionals. Research was identified through electronic databases (i.e., PsycINFO, Embase, Medline, Scopus) and other sources (i.e., the Griffith University library, Google Scholar, literature reviews). It was found that the research is characterized by a number of limitations, and little progress has been made in this important domain. Among other limitations, there was a lack of comprehensive studies on the relative stigma of mental illness and how the components of stigmatization relate to each other. A bibliometric analysis also found that a large proportion of the research is not connected by references. Recommendations were made with respect to future research in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Jauch
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stefano Occhipinti
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of English and Communication, International Research Centre for the Advancement of Health Communication, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Analise O’Donovan
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Stuetzle S, Brieger A, Lust C, Ponew A, Speerforck S, von Peter S. Internalized stigma in mental health staff with lived experience of mental crises-Does the professional role protect against self-stigmatization? Front Psychiatry 2023; 13:1078478. [PMID: 36713908 PMCID: PMC9877507 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1078478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The stigma of mental illness is widespread in the general population and also among healthcare and psychiatric professionals. Yet, research on the self-stigma of the latter is still limited. The purpose of this article was to assess self-stigma and its correlates in mental health professionals with lived experiences of mental crisis and treatment. Methods In a cross-sectional exploratory research project, 182 mental health professionals with lived experiences of mental crisis and treatment from 18 psychiatric hospital departments in the German federal states of Berlin and Brandenburg were surveyed on their lived experiences, self-stigma, perceived stigma in the workplace, subjective vulnerability to crises, and meaningfulness of lived experiences. To investigate the relationships between the variables, manifest and latent correlation analyses were calculated. Results Results showed low levels of self-stigma and perceived public stigma in the workplace. Self-stigma was significantly and positively associated with workplace stigma and subjective vulnerability to crisis, but not with identification with lived experiences. Conclusion The relationship between self-stigma, workplace stigma, and vulnerability should be investigated in terms of mutual causality in order to derive possible strategies of reducing self-stigma along with its detrimental effects. Possible reasons for the low levels of self-stigma are discussed in the light of limitations, including processes of self-selection, with highly self-stigmatizing individuals being possibly discouraged from participating. Strategies to enhance sampling quality are briefly discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Stuetzle
- Evangelische Hochschule Dresden, University of Applied Sciences for Social Work, Education and Care, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University Brandenburg Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Anna Brieger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University Brandenburg Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Christian Lust
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University Brandenburg Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Angel Ponew
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University Brandenburg Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Sven Speerforck
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian von Peter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University Brandenburg Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Le Glaz A, Lemey C, Berrouiguet S, Walter M, Lemogne C, Flahault C. Physicians' and medical students' beliefs and attitudes toward psychotic disorders: A systematic review. J Psychosom Res 2022; 163:111054. [PMID: 36272378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.111054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyze physicians' and medical students' (MS) beliefs and attitudes toward people with psychotic disorders. METHODS This systematic review follows the PRISMA guidelines. It was conducted on 5 databases (Pubmed, PsycINFO, Pascal & Francis, Scopus and EMBASE) with a keyword string combining words for physicians' and students' professional status, attitudes toward people, and psychotic disorders. No limitations on publication dates were imposed. RESULTS This review includes 39 articles, among which quantitative studies are in the majority, and general practioners are mainly represented. Schizophrenia is the main condition used to illustrate psychotic disorders and measure stigmatizing attitudes. Physicians' and MS' beliefs toward people with psychotic disorders are mainly represented by dangerousness and unpredictability. They can be reinforced with socio-demographic criteria (age and female gender) or physicians' beliefs about the disease's etiology. The desire for social distance is higher toward patients with schizophrenia compared to other psychiatric disorders, and medical care could be impacted with a tendency to refer them at psychiatric specific care or to anticipate their difficulties and to modify their treatment plan. Stigma scores remain globally high during medical training. Even if specific anti-stigma trainings have a positive impact on beliefs and attitudes, these effects do not last in time. CONCLUSION This review highlights the importance to explore physicians' and medical students' representations about patient with psychosis to understand better their difficulties in the management of these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Le Glaz
- Brest Medical University Hospital, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, EA 7479 SPURBO, Brest, France.
| | - C Lemey
- Brest Medical University Hospital, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, EA 7479 SPURBO, Brest, France; IMT Atlantique, Lab-STICC, UMR CNRS 6285, F-29238, Brest, France.
| | - S Berrouiguet
- Brest Medical University Hospital, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, EA 7479 SPURBO, Brest, France; IMT Atlantique, Lab-STICC, UMR CNRS 6285, F-29238, Brest, France; TIM, INSERM, UMR 1101, Brest, France.
| | - M Walter
- Brest Medical University Hospital, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, EA 7479 SPURBO, Brest, France; IMT Atlantique, Lab-STICC, UMR CNRS 6285, F-29238, Brest, France.
| | - C Lemogne
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, AP-HP.Centre-Université de Paris, Paris, Île-de-France, France; Université de Paris, INSERM, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR_S1266, Paris, France.
| | - C Flahault
- Université de Paris, LPPS, F-92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France; U.F. de Psychologie et Psychiatrie de Liaison et d'Urgences DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, AP-HP Centre Université de Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bizumic B, Gunningham B, Christensen BK. Prejudice towards people with mental illness, schizophrenia, and depression among mental health professionals and the general population. Psychiatry Res 2022; 317:114817. [PMID: 36122536 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to measure and compare prejudice towards people with specific mental illnesses between mental health professionals and the general population, and examine personality, ideological, and attitudinal antecedents of prejudice. To do so, we also aimed to validate three shortened scales of prejudice. A sample of mental health professionals (N = 299) and a sample from the general population (N = 427) completed shortened versions of the Prejudice towards People with Mental Illness, Prejudice towards People with Schizophrenia, and Prejudice towards People with Depression scales. They also completed measures of validity criteria and demographics. The scales demonstrated construct validity in both samples. Although prejudice was highest towards people with schizophrenia and lowest towards people with depression, mental health professionals demonstrated significantly less prejudice overall than the general population. Prejudice was associated with higher social dominance orientation, right wing authoritarianism, ethnocentrism, conservatism, and generalized prejudice, and lower agreeableness, openness to experience, and contact. These antecedents of prejudice were better predictors than any demographic or profession-related variables examined. This study contributes increased knowledge of the structure and correlates of prejudice towards people with mental disorders. This knowledge should inform more nuanced and effective interventions, therapy, and training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boris Bizumic
- Research School of Psychology, the Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Beth Gunningham
- Research School of Psychology, the Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Bruce K Christensen
- Research School of Psychology, the Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Valery KM, Violeau L, Fournier T, Yvon F, Arfeuillere S, Bonilla-Guerrero J, Caria A, Carrier A, Destaillats JM, Follenfant A, Laberon S, Lalbin-Wander N, Martinez E, Staedel B, Touroude R, Vigneault L, Roux S, Prouteau A. Part of the solution yet part of the problem: factors of schizophrenia stigma in mental health professionals. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2022:1-11. [PMID: 36200837 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2022.2129068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stigma is highly prejudicial to persons with schizophrenia, their families, the society and the health care system. Mental health professionals (MHP) are considered to be one of the main sources of schizophrenia stigma. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to identify individual and contextual factors associated with stigma in MHP in its three dimensions (stereotypes, prejudices, discrimination, Fiske, 1998). METHODS An online survey was conducted with specific measures of MHP stigma (stereotypes, prejudices and discrimination). Four categories of potential associated factors were also measured: sociodemographic characteristics, contextual characteristics (e.g., Work setting), individual characteristics (e.g., Profession, Recovery-oriented practices) and theoretical beliefs (e.g., Biological beliefs, Perceived similarities, Continuum versus Categorical beliefs). RESULTS Responses of 357 MHP were analysed. Factors that were the most strongly associated with MHP stigma were Perceived similarities, Categorical beliefs, Biological beliefs, Recovery-oriented practice and Work setting (independent practice). Conversely, Gender, Specific trainings in stigma or recovery and Cognitive aetiology beliefs showed no association with any of MHP stigma dimension. Remaining factors show associations with a weak effect size. CONCLUSIONS The survey results suggest that MHP stigma is more influenced by individual factors such as theoretical beliefs and recovery-oriented practices than contextual factors. These original results provide perspectives for reducing stigma in mental health practices.Key pointsMental health professionals (MHP) considering they share similarities with persons with schizophrenia or believing that schizophrenia is not a discrete social category but rather the extreme on a continuum between 'normal' and 'pathologic' reported less stigmatisation.MHP holding higher professional utility beliefs and using recovery-oriented practice reported fewer stereotypes, prejudice and discrimination.Other factors such as age, academic level, contact frequency, familiarity and multidisciplinary practice show associations with a weak effect size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin-Marc Valery
- LabPsy, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Adult Psychiatry Department, Jonzac Hospital, Jonzac, France
| | - Louis Violeau
- LabPsy, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Adult Psychiatry Department, Jonzac Hospital, Jonzac, France
| | - Thomas Fournier
- LabPsy, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Adult Psychiatry Department, Jonzac Hospital, Jonzac, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eric Martinez
- Adult Psychiatry Department, Jonzac Hospital, Jonzac, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Antoinette Prouteau
- LabPsy, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Adult Psychiatry Department, Jonzac Hospital, Jonzac, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tay JL, Goh YSS, Sim K, Klainin-Yobas P. Impact of the HOPE Intervention on Mental Health Literacy, Psychological Well-Being and Stress Levels amongst University Undergraduates: A Randomised Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159772. [PMID: 35955126 PMCID: PMC9368620 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Mental health literacy (MHL) promotes mental health among youths. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the newly developed HOPE intervention in improving depression literacy, anxiety literacy, psychological well-being, and reducing personal stigma and stress levels amongst young adults at a university in Singapore. After two pilot studies, we conducted a randomised controlled trial (RCT) and recruited 174 participants aged 18-24 years old through social media platforms. The HOPE intervention group received four online sessions over two weeks and the control group received online inspirational quotes. Study outcomes were measured with self-reported questionnaires and they were assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and two-month follow-up (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04266119). Compared with the control arm, the intervention group was associated with increased depression and anxiety literacy levels at post-intervention and two-month follow-up. In addition, personal stigma for depression was reduced at the post-intervention juncture. However, there were no statistically significant changes in the ratings of psychological well-being and stress levels between the two groups. Longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to replicate and extend the extant findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ling Tay
- West Region, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore 539747, Singapore
- Correspondence:
| | - Yong Shian Shawn Goh
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yoo Loo Lin School of Medicine, 2 National University of Singapore Level 2, Clinical Research Centre, Block MD11, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Kang Sim
- West Region, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore 539747, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Level 18, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Piyanee Klainin-Yobas
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yoo Loo Lin School of Medicine, 2 National University of Singapore Level 2, Clinical Research Centre, Block MD11, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sreeram A, Cross WM, Townsin L. Anti-stigma initiatives for mental health professionals-A systematic literature review. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2022; 29:512-528. [PMID: 35500153 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Negative attitudes towards mental illness lead to the formation of stigma. Stigma prevents the recovery of people diagnosed with mental illness. There is evidence of stigmatic attitudes towards mental ill health among mental health professionals. Anti-stigma initiatives, such as education and training, may be effective in enhancing or maintaining positive attitudes towards mental illness among mental health professionals. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: Education and training that is designed and delivered around a specific mental health diagnosis or condition appears an appropriate strategy that could benefit mental health professionals to develop a deeper appreciation and understanding of mental ill health and its impacts on individuals. Consumer involvement in the education and training of mental health professionals regarding the stigma of mental illness is recommended; however, this is an under-explored area of investigation. There is a weak evidence base regarding the long-term sustainability of effects from anti-stigma education and training. This should be addressed via further research in future. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICES?: Anti-stigma initiatives can support mental health professionals to develop stigma-free, recovery-oriented practices in their work. Further, such initiatives can improve the provision of evidence-based quality care for the consumers, facilitating their recovery. ABSTRACT: Introduction Despite an increasing focus on stigma, evidence shows prejudicial attitudes towards mental illness among mental health professionals still exist. It is suggested that anti-stigma initiatives can aid in enhancing the attitudes of mental health professionals. However, research on initiatives targeting stigma of mental illness among mental health professionals is limited. Aim To identify and analyse scientific literature pertaining to the effectiveness of anti-stigma initiatives regarding mental ill health among mental health professionals. Method A systematic literature review was performed using the databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, Google Search engine and Google Scholar. The papers were limited to English language, published in peer-reviewed journals with full-text articles available and published between the years 2008 and 2020 to understand the most recent trends in the attitudes of mental health professionals including nurses. The Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome (PICO) strategy was used to identify papers meeting the inclusion criteria. Results A total of 439 papers were identified. However, papers not meeting the inclusion criteria were excluded from selection. Three appraisers reviewed the selected papers individually using the Joanna Briggs Institute [JBI] critical appraisal tool. Finally, eight unanimously accepted papers were included in the systematic review. Several effective anti-stigma initiatives were identified through the review, and these had positive impacts on mental health professionals' attitudes towards mental illness, for at least a short period. It was identified that contact-based interventions are relevant and effective although the involvement of consumers and caregivers in the design and delivery of interventions was not explicitly addressed in detail in studies included in the review. Education strategies tailored for specific mental illness may be more appropriate, rather than approaches that refer to mental illness in general. Conclusions This review shows the evidence of pessimistic attitudes towards mental illness persists among mental health professionals. Anti-stigma initiatives identified in the selected papers were effective in changing these attitudes. Future research should be focused on the effectiveness of contact-based interventions and understanding the longer-term effects of the interventions among homogeneous groups. Full consideration of the varying level of clinical experience and expertise in mental health should guide the development and implementation of anti-stigma initiatives in this context. Implications for practice Anti-stigma interventions can have a positive impact on mental health professionals' knowledge, attitudes and supportive caring for people diagnosed with mental illness. Such anti-stigma interventions may meaningfully support stakeholders to address the impact of negative attitudes on the physical and mental health status of people diagnosed with mental illness. With sustained leadership, effort and reinforcement, it is possible to create workplace cultures that prioritize stigma-free and recovery-oriented behaviours and practices within mental health services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anju Sreeram
- Federation University, Berwick Campus, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Wendy M Cross
- Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Vic., Australia
| | - Louise Townsin
- Federation University, Berwick Campus, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Torrens University, Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fekih-Romdhane F, Saidi M, Chaabane MA, Cheour M. Knowledge, attitude and behaviours toward people with mental illness among Tunisian nursing students and nonhealth care students: A cross-sectional study. Collegian 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colegn.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
18
|
Őri D, Szocsics P, Molnár T, Ralovich FV, Huszár Z, Bene Á, Rózsa S, Győrffy Z, Purebl G. Stigma towards mental illness and help-seeking behaviors among adult and child psychiatrists in Hungary: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269802. [PMID: 35687584 PMCID: PMC9187077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Stigma towards people with mental health problems is a growing issue across the world, to which healthcare providers might contribute. The aim of the present study was to explore psychiatrists’ attitudes towards their patients and link them to psychosocial and professional factors. Methods An online questionnaire was used to approach the in- and outpatient psychiatric services across Hungary. A total of 211 trainees and specialists in adult and child psychiatry participated in our study. Their overall stigmatizing attitudes were measured, with focus on attitude, disclosure and help-seeking, and social distance dimensions by using the self-report Opening Minds Stigma Scale for Health Care Providers (OMS-HC). Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to elucidate the dimensions of stigma and its association with sociodemographic, professional and personal traits. Results Stigmatizing attitudes of close colleagues towards patients were statistically significant predictors of higher scores on the attitude [B = 0.235 (0.168–0.858), p = 0.004], the disclosure and help-seeking subscales [B = 0.169 (0.038–0.908), p = 0.033], and the total score of the OMS-HC [B = 0.191 (0.188–1.843), p = 0.016]. Psychiatrists who had already sought help for their own problems had lower scores on the disclosure and help-seeking subscale [B = 0.202 (0.248–1.925), p = 0.011]. The overall stigmatizing attitude was predicted by the openness to participate in case discussion, supervision or Balint groups [B = 0.166 (0.178–5.886), p = 0.037] besides the more favorable attitudes of their psychiatrist colleagues [B = 0.191 (0.188–1.843), p = 0.016]. Conclusions The favorable attitudes of psychiatrists are associated with their own experiences with any kind of psychiatric condition, previous help-seeking behavior and the opportunity to work together with fellow psychiatrists, whose attitudes are less stigmatizing. The perception of fellow colleagues’ attitudes towards patients and the openness to case discussion, supervision and Balint groups were the main two factors that affected the overall attitudes towards patients; therefore, these should be considered when tailoring anti-stigma interventions for psychiatrists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorottya Őri
- Department of Mental Health, Heim Pál National Pediatric Institute, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
| | - Péter Szocsics
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Molnár
- University of Pécs Medical School, County Hospital Győr, Petz Aladár Hospital, Győr, Hungary
| | - Fanni Virág Ralovich
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Huszár
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Bene
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Saint John Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sándor Rózsa
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Zsuzsa Győrffy
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Purebl
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Almeida B, Samouco A, Grilo F, Pimenta S, Moreira AM. Prescribing stigma in mental disorders: A comparative study of Portuguese psychiatrists and general practitioners. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2022; 68:708-717. [PMID: 33730898 DOI: 10.1177/00207640211002558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physicians, including psychiatrists and general practitioners (GPs), have been reported as essential sources of stigma towards people diagnosed with a mental disorder (PDMDs), which constitutes an important barrier to recovery and is associated with poorer clinical outcomes. Therefore, psychiatrists and GPs are key populations where it is crucial to examine stigma, improve attitudes and reduce discrimination towards psychiatric patients. AIMS This study is the first to explore mental health-related stigma among Portuguese psychiatrists and GPs, examining the differences between these two specialities and assessing whether sociodemographic and professional variables are associated with stigma. METHOD A cross-sectional study was performed between June 2018 and August 2019. A consecutive sample of 55 Psychiatrists and 67 GPs working in Porto (Portugal) filled a 25-item self-report questionnaire to assess their attitudes towards PDMDs in clinical practice. The instrument was designed by the authors, based on previous mental health-related stigma studies and validated scales. The questionnaire includes 12 stigma dimensions (Autonomy, Coercion, Incompetence, Dangerousness, Permanence, Pity, Responsibility, Segregation, Labelling, Diagnostic Overshadowing, Shame and Parental Incompetence), and its total score was used to measure Overall Stigma (OS). Sample characteristics were examined using descriptive statistics, and the factors affecting stigma were assessed through regression analysis. RESULTS GPs exhibit significantly higher OS levels than psychiatrists, and present higher scores in the dimensions of dangerousness, parental incompetence, diagnostic overshadowing and responsibility. Besides medical speciality, several other sociodemographic variables were associated with sigma, including age, gender, having a friend with a mental disorder, professional category, agreement that Psychiatry diverges from core medicine and physician's interest in mental health topics. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that both psychiatrists and GPs hold some degree of stigmatizing attitudes towards PDMDs. Overall, these results bring new light to stigma research, and provide information to tailor anti-stigma interventions to Portuguese psychiatrists and GPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Samouco
- Unidade Local de Saúde do Norte Alentejano EPE, Portalegre, Portugal
| | - Filipe Grilo
- Departamento de Economia, Faculdade de Economia da Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Sónia Pimenta
- Electroconvulsive Therapy Unit, Hospital de Magalhães Lemos EPE, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Maria Moreira
- Community Mental Health Service, Hospital de Magalhães Lemos EPE, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Deng Y, Wang AL, Frasso R, Ran MS, Zhang TM, Kong D, Wong YLI. Mental health-related stigma and attitudes toward patient care among providers of mental health services in a rural Chinese county. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2022; 68:610-618. [PMID: 33554704 PMCID: PMC8668239 DOI: 10.1177/0020764021992807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The increasing prevalence of mental illness and low treatment rate presents a pressing public health issue in China. Pervasive stigma is a significant barrier to mental health recovery and community inclusion. In particular, stigmatizing or supportive attitudes held by healthcare providers could either perpetuate or mitigate self-stigma of people with mental illness. Moreover, mental health resources are unevenly distributed in China, with most of them concentrated in urban centers and provincial capitals. This study explores healthcare providers' attitudes toward mental illness and the challenges they faced at work in a rural Chinese county. METHOD Four focus groups were conducted with 36 healthcare providers from a three-tier mental healthcare system in a rural county in southwestern China. Focus group discussions were recorded and transcribed verbatim. The team employed a conventional content analysis approach for data analysis. All transcripts were double-coded by three bilingual team members who are native Chinese speakers. Coding discrepancies were resolved by consensus. RESULTS Healthcare providers recruited from the county, township, and village levels varied in educational background, professional qualification, and experience of working with people with mental illness. Five thematic categories identified across four groups include (1) barriers to mental healthcare delivery, (2) keys to mental health recovery, (3) providers' attitudes toward providing care, (4) providers' perception toward patients and family members, and (5) providers' perception of training needs. CONCLUSIONS This is a unique study that included healthcare providers from a three-tier healthcare system. Findings signal the importance of understanding healthcare practitioners' experiences and views to inform the design of training initiatives in rural or low-resource communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuer Deng
- School of Social Policy & Practice, University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - An-Li Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Rosemary Frasso
- College of Population Health, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mao-Sheng Ran
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Dexia Kong
- Rutgers Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, The State University of New Jersey, Rutgers, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Koutra K, Mavroeides G, Triliva S. Mental Health Professionals' Attitudes Towards People with Severe Mental Illness: Are they Related to Professional Quality of Life? Community Ment Health J 2022; 58:701-712. [PMID: 34251575 PMCID: PMC8273846 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-021-00874-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study examines whether attitudes of mental health professionals (MHPs) towards severe mental illness are associated with professional quality of life. The Attitudes towards Severe Mental Illness (ASMI), the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), and the Professional Quality of Life Scale-5 (ProQOL-5) were completed by 287 MHPs in Greece (25.4% males, 74.6% females). The results indicate that MHPs hold predominantly positive attitudes towards people with severe mental illness. Nonetheless, MHPs' attitudes are deemed to be stereotypical according to ASMI concerning treatment duration, prospects of recovery, and whether patients are similar to other people. Higher scores in emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, compassion fatigue and ProQOL-5 burn out dimension were significantly associated with MHPs' unfavorable attitudes, whereas higher scores in compassion satisfaction and personal accomplishment were associated with MHPs' positive attitudes. Assessing compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction and burnout levels could help identify the processes involved in the development or maintenance of MHPs' stigmatizing attitudes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Koutra
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Crete, Gallos Campus, 74100, Rethymno, Crete, Greece.
| | - Georgios Mavroeides
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Crete, Gallos Campus, 74100, Rethymno, Crete, Greece
| | - Sofia Triliva
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Crete, Gallos Campus, 74100, Rethymno, Crete, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Riebschleger J, Grové C, Kelly K, Cavanaugh D. Developing and Initially Validating the Youth Mental Health Literacy Scale for Ages 11-14. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:817208. [PMID: 35911252 PMCID: PMC9334815 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.817208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite rising rates of youth mental health disorders and suicides, most youth lack access to accurate, non-stigmatized mental health information. Instead, many describe people with mental illness as violent and incompetent. Mental health literacy aligns with resilience theory. It assumes that youth that have accurate mental health information will have less stigmatized views of mental illness and will be more likely to seek help earlier should mental health symptoms arise. Accurate, non-stigmatized mental health information is especially needed for Children of a Parent or other Family Member that has a mental illness (COPFMI) since they are more likely to acquire a mental illness than children who do not have a family member with a mental illness. COPFMI youth are in need of the same mental health information as general population youth but they can also benefit from knowing how to deal with a family member's mental health disorder. Based on many foundation studies and key stakeholder input from parents, educators, mental health providers, child welfare providers, and especially youth, an emerging Youth Mental Health Literacy (YMHL) scale was developed and validated for measuring the mental health literacy levels of youth ages 11-14. The scale provides a full scale score of youth mental health literacy. It has subscales of knowledge of mental illness and recovery; stigma, help seeking for self/others; coping with stress; and dealing with family mental health challenges. The validation study indicated support for a unidimensional structure for each of the refined subscales. The subscales showed suitable reliability as evaluated by several measures of internal consistency. While the scale needs further study with larger samples of youth, it is hoped that the scale can yield mental health literacy outcome data that can help mental health literacy programs to build evidence-based programs that may, in turn, help prevent, delay, or ameliorate mental health disorders among youth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Riebschleger
- School of Social Work, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Christine Grové
- Department of Educational Psychology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kimberly Kelly
- Department of Counseling, Educational Psychology and Special Education, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Daniel Cavanaugh
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Washington, Bothell, WA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chen X, Liao Z, Huang S, Huang Q, Lin S, Li Y, Shao T, Tang Y, Hao J, Qi J, Cai Y, Wang M, Shen H. Stigmatizing Attitudes Toward COVID-19 Among Patients, Their Relatives and Healthy Residents in Zhangjiajie. Front Public Health 2022; 10:808461. [PMID: 35719634 PMCID: PMC9201051 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.808461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In July 2021, Zhangjiajie City became the new epicenter of the COVID-19 outbreak. Aside from the physical manifestations of COVID-19, patients are also victims of severe social stigmatization. Stigma affects not only COVID-19 patients or survivors, but also individuals associated with them. This study aims to describe and assess the COVID-19-related stigma between patients, their relatives, and healthy local residents. Methods The study included 43 COVID-19 patients, 68 relatives, and 75 healthy residents from Zhangjiajie. Demographic data was collected, including gender, age, marital status, and educational level. Stigma attitudes toward COVID-19 were measured using the Stigma Scale and Social Distance Scale. Frequencies and percentages were described for each item of the scales, and differences among the three groups were examined using the chi-square test. Results With regards to personal and perceived stigma, most participants agreed that patients with COVID-19 "could snap out of the problem" and that "they were dangerous." For social distance, over 30% of participants from the three groups agreed with the item "unwillingness to marry into the family of someone with COVID-19." In all groups, there were significant statistical differences in the belief that "the problem is not a real medical illness" and the desire to "spend the evening socializing." Conclusion Although the outbreak was well-contained in Zhangjiajie, stigmatizing attitudes toward COVID-19 and desire for social distance to such patients were common among patients, their relatives and healthy local residents. Our study's results suggest that public education, anti-stigma interventions, and policies are necessary for people living in Zhangjiajie in order to effectively curtail the spread of COVID-19 and provide a useful strategy for a tourist city like Zhangjiajie to recover sooner from economic decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Mental Health of Central South University, Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenjiang Liao
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Mental Health of Central South University, Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Shucai Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth People's Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, China
| | - Qiuping Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Mental Health of Central South University, Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Shuhong Lin
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Mental Health of Central South University, Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Yifan Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Mental Health of Central South University, Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Tianli Shao
- Department of Psychiatry, Comorbid Somatic Diseases, Kangning Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Mental Health of Central South University, Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Jingyue Hao
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Mental Health of Central South University, Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Qi
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Cai
- Department of Psychiatry, Comorbid Somatic Diseases, Kangning Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingming Wang
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Zhangjiajie People's Hospital Designated for COVID-19 Treatment, Zhangjiajie, China
| | - Hongxian Shen
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Mental Health of Central South University, Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, China.,Zhangjiajie People's Hospital Designated for COVID-19 Treatment, Zhangjiajie, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sølvhøj IN, Kusier AO, Pedersen PV, Nielsen MBD. Somatic health care professionals' stigmatization of patients with mental disorder: a scoping review. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:443. [PMID: 34493245 PMCID: PMC8424966 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03415-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with mental disorders have an increased risk of developing somatic disorders, just as they have a higher risk of dying from them. These patients often report feeling devaluated and rejected by health professionals in the somatic health care system, and increasing evidence shows that disparities in health care provision contribute to poor health outcomes. The aim of this review was to map and synthesize literature on somatic health professionals' stigmatization toward patients with mental disorders. METHODS We conducted a scoping review using Arksey and O'Malley's framework and carried out a systematic search in three databases: Cinahl, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO in May-June 2019. Peer-reviewed articles published in English or Scandinavian languages during 2008-2019 were reviewed according to title, abstract and full-text reading. We organized and analyzed data using NVivo. RESULTS A total of 137 articles meeting the eligibility criteria were reviewed and categorized as observational studies (n = 73) and intervention studies (n = 64). A majority of studies (N = 85) focused on patients with an unspecified number of mental disorders, while 52 studies focused on specific diagnoses, primarily schizophrenia (n = 13), self-harm (n = 13), and eating disorders (n = 9). Half of the studies focused on health students (n = 64), primarily nursing students (n = 26) and medical students (n = 25), while (n = 66) focused on health care professionals, primarily emergency staff (n = 16) and general practitioners (n = 13). Additionally, seven studies focused on both health professionals and students. A detailed characterization of the identified intervention studies was conducted, resulting in eight main types of interventions. CONCLUSIONS The large number of studies identified in this review suggests that stigmatizing attitudes and behaviors toward patients with mental disorders is a worldwide challenge within a somatic health care setting. For more targeted interventions, there is a need for further research on underexposed mental diagnoses and knowledge on whether specific health professionals have a more stigmatizing attitude or behavior toward specific mental disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ida Nielsen Sølvhøj
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, DK-1455, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Amalie Oxholm Kusier
- grid.10825.3e0000 0001 0728 0170National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, DK-1455 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pia Vivian Pedersen
- grid.10825.3e0000 0001 0728 0170National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, DK-1455 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maj Britt Dahl Nielsen
- grid.10825.3e0000 0001 0728 0170National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, DK-1455 Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ciydem E, Kackin O, Kutlu FY. Experiences and opinions of nurses working in psychiatric wards on assessing patients' sexual health: A qualitative study. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2021; 57:1222-1230. [PMID: 33164237 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the experiences and opinions of nurses working in psychiatric wards regarding the assessment of patients' sexual health. DESIGN AND METHODS A qualitative, interpretative phenomenological design was used. Purposeful, snowball sampling identified eight nurses. Data were collected online through in-depth, individual interviews, and analyzed with Colaizzi's seven-step method. FINDINGS The nurses' experiences and opinions were grouped under three themes: challenges, requirements, and opportunities. The theme of challenges was divided into attitude and environment; the requirements theme was divided into training, self-knowledge, and procedural arrangements; the opportunities theme was divided into awareness. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Psychiatric nurses should know their sexual values and integrate personal/professional values. Institutions should train nurses in assessment' importance and scope and establish procedures/guidelines, supporting sexual health assessments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emre Ciydem
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, Florence Nightingale Nursing Faculty, Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Kackin
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, Florence Nightingale Nursing Faculty, Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - F Yasemin Kutlu
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, Florence Nightingale Nursing Faculty, Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Temple JB, Brijnath B, Enticott J, Utomo A, Williams R, Kelaher M. Discrimination reported by older adults living with mental health conditions: types, contexts and association with healthcare barriers. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2021; 56:1003-1014. [PMID: 32696302 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-020-01914-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Australian policy-making needs better information on the prevalence, context and types of discrimination reported by people living with mental health conditions and the association of exposure to discrimination with experiencing a barrier to accessing healthcare. METHODS Secondary data analysis using the national representative General Social Survey 2014 to examine discrimination and healthcare barriers. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association between discrimination and barriers to healthcare. RESULTS Around 10% of older adults without mental health conditions reported an instance of discrimination in the last 12 months, compared to 22-25% of those with mental health conditions. Approximately 20% with mental health conditions attributed discrimination to their health conditions, along with other characteristics including age. Discrimination was reported in settings important to human capital (e.g., healthcare, workplace), but also in general social and public contexts. Everyday discrimination (OR = 2.11 p < 0.001), discrimination in healthcare (OR = 2.92 p < 0.001), and discrimination attributed to the person's health condition (OR = 1.99 p < 0.05) increased the odds of experiencing a barrier to care two-to-three-fold. For each type of discrimination reported (e.g., racism, ageism etc.), the odds of experiencing a barrier to care increased 1.3 times (OR = 1.29 p < 0.01). CONCLUSION This new population-level evidence shows older adults with mental health conditions are experiencing discrimination at more than twofold compared to those without mental health conditions. Discrimination was associated with preventing or delaying healthcare access. These findings indicate that future strategies to promote mental healthcare in underserved groups of older people will need to be multidimensional and consideration given to address discrimination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeromey B Temple
- Demography and Ageing Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bianca Brijnath
- Social Gerontology, National Ageing Research Institute (NARI), Parkville, Australia.
| | - Joanne Enticott
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Southern Synergy, Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ariane Utomo
- School of Geography, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ruth Williams
- Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Margaret Kelaher
- Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Challacombe CL, Halpin SA. The influence of contact with mental health services on carers' help-seeking attitudes: contribution of stigma and affective state. JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH (ABINGDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 31:75-82. [PMID: 33989503 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2021.1922650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carers who experience stigma and aversion to help-seeking could have a detrimental impact on consumers of mental health services (MHS). AIM This study aimed to investigate the relationship between carers' experiences with MHS, stigma, affective state and help-seeking attitudes. METHODS Fifty-seven carers of people with a mental illness completed an online survey including demographics about the carer and consumer, carers' experience with MHS, Days' mental illness stigma scale, the inventory of attitudes towards seeking mental health services and the depression-happiness scale. RESULTS Carer responses evenly reflected positive and negative experiences with MHS. There were significant correlations between experiences of MHS and stigma, attitudes towards help-seeking, and affective state. Carers who reported negative experiences of MHS demonstrated reduced help-seeking attitudes. Both stigma and affective state independently reduced the association between positive experiences of MHS and more positive help-seeking attitudes. When all three variables were included in the regression model, stigma was the only significant predictor of reduced help-seeking attitudes. CONCLUSIONS MHS must establish positive engagement with carers, as this is associated with positive help-seeking attitudes. Negative experiences of MHS exacerbate carer stigma. Positive interactions between MHS and carers likely facilitate better access to care for consumers and improve clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean A Halpin
- School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kluemper A, Heath L, Loeb D, Kroehl M, Trinkley K. Depression-related stigma among primary care providers. Ment Health Clin 2021; 11:175-180. [PMID: 34026392 PMCID: PMC8120988 DOI: 10.9740/mhc.2021.05.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Depression is one of the most common mental illnesses in the United States and is often treated in primary care settings. Despite its prevalence, depression remains underdiagnosed and undertreated for a variety of reasons, including stigma. This may result in suboptimal management of depression. Studies evaluating stigma in US primary care providers (PCP) are scarce. The main objective of this study was to describe stigma in a cohort of PCPs. Methods We utilized a validated questionnaire to measure stigma (score range 15 to 75 with lower scores indicating lower stigma levels). PCPs in 2 academic internal medicine clinics were sent an electronic questionnaire and received a small monetary incentive for responding. In addition to the stigma survey, we collected demographic data, including age, provider type, gender, and other data related to social proximity to mental illness. To describe stigma, differences in stigma between provider characteristics were evaluated using t tests and ANOVA tests as appropriate. Results Of 107 PCPs, 71 responded (66.4% response rate). Male responders displayed higher stigma scores than females (31.8 vs 27.4, P = .0021). Medical residents displayed higher stigma scores than nonresidents (31.3 vs 27.2, P = .0045). Providers with personal exposure to mental illness and those who reported they frequently treated depression had less stigma. Discussion Overall, a range of stigma was present among PCPs surveyed. Higher levels of stigma were found in men, medical residents, those without personal exposure to mental illness, younger PCPs, and those who reported treating depression less frequently. Future studies should utilize larger sample sizes and focus on the impact of stigma on quality of care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Kluemper
- Assistant Professor, University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Associate Professor-Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Biostatistician, Charter Communications Corporation, Greenwood Village, Colorado.,Associate Professor, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Lauren Heath
- Assistant Professor, University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Danielle Loeb
- Associate Professor-Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Miranda Kroehl
- Biostatistician, Charter Communications Corporation, Greenwood Village, Colorado
| | - Katy Trinkley
- Associate Professor, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Őri D, Molnár T, Szocsics P. Mental health-related stigma among psychiatrists in light of Covid-19. Asian J Psychiatr 2021; 58:102620. [PMID: 33647839 PMCID: PMC9760416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dorottya Őri
- Department of Mental Health, Heim Pál National Pediatric Institute, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Tamás Molnár
- University of Pécs Medical School, County Hospital Győr, Petz Aladár Hospital, Győr, Hungary.
| | - Péter Szocsics
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Heinz I, Baldofski S, Beesdo-Baum K, Knappe S, Kohls E, Rummel-Kluge C. "Doctor, my back hurts and I cannot sleep." Depression in primary care patients: Reasons for consultation and perceived depression stigma. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248069. [PMID: 33667268 PMCID: PMC7935275 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background General practitioners (GPs) play a significant role in depression care. Recognition of depression is crucial for adequate treatment but is impeded by a high portion of depressed patients only reporting physical symptoms to their GP. Among the many reasons for this phenomenon is mental health stigma. We investigated how patients with depression differed from patients without depression regarding the types and number of complaints presented to their GP, as well as their depression stigma. For the subgroup of patients with depression, potential associations between perceived depression stigma and number and types of presented complaints were investigated to see if these might reflect the patient’s intention to conceal mental health symptoms due to fear of being stigmatized by others. Further, we investigated if perceived depression stigma is related to depression treatment. Methods Data on depressive symptoms (assessed by the Depression Screening Questionnaire; DSQ), depression stigma (assessed by the Depressions Stigma Scale; DSS), type of complaints reported to the GP and treatment-related factors were collected from 3,563 unselected primary care patients of 253 GPs in a cross-sectional epidemiological study (“VERA study”) in six different German regions. Data of a total of 3,069 patients was used for analysis on complaints reported to the GP (subsample of the VERA study), and for 2,682 out of 3,069 patients data on a stigma questionnaire was available. Results Nearly half of the primary care patients with depression (42.2%) reported only physical complaints to their GP. Compared to patients without a depression diagnosis, patients with depression reported twice as many complaints to their GP with a mean of 2.02 (1.33) vs. 1.2 (0.69), including a more frequent combination of physical and mental symptoms (28.8% vs. 3.5%). Patients with depression showed higher total stigma compared to patients without depression, Mdn = 48 (IQR 40–54) vs. Mdn = 46.3 (IQR 29–53), due to higher perceived stigma, Mdn = 27 (IQR 21–32) vs. Mdn = 25.9 (IQR 20–29). Perceived stigma was associated with male gender (beta -.14, p = .005) and a lack of pharmacological treatment (beta -.14, p = .021) in patients with a depression diagnosis. Conclusion The number of complaints presented to the GP might function as a marker to actively explore depression in primary care patients, in particular when both physical and mental symptoms are reported. Perceived depression stigma should also be addressed especially in male patients. Further research should clarify the role of perceived stigma as a potential inhibitor of pharmacological treatment of depression in primary care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ines Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- German Alliance Against Depression, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Sabrina Baldofski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katja Beesdo-Baum
- Behavioral Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Knappe
- Behavioral Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kohls
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christine Rummel-Kluge
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Schnell T, Kehring A, Moritz S, Morgenroth O. Patients responses to diagnoses of mental disorders: Development and validation of a reliable self-report measure. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2021; 30:e1854. [PMID: 32918397 PMCID: PMC7992288 DOI: 10.1002/mpr.1854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Psychiatric patients are regularly informed about diagnoses. Treatment guidelines assume that informing patients fosters functional coping processes, but few research exists on how patients respond. Thus, the objective was to develop a standardized self-report measure to assess patients reactions to diagnoses. METHODS Fifty nine items were generated based on a qualitative study. The process of item selection and determination of the factor structure were performed on a sample of 252 patients: Results of an explorative factor analysis with a randomly split sub-sample 1 were cross-validated by confirmatory factor analysis on sub-sample 2. The revised 26-item instrument was revaluated using data from an independent sample of 1.271 patients with different diagnoses. RESULTS Three functional and three dysfunctional processing styles emerged from the analyses and provided good model fit in the revaluation study (TLI = 0.935; CFI = 0.943; RMSEA = 0.051; SRMR = 0.048). Variance-analytical calculations and post hoc analyses revealed significant differences among diagnoses with regard to coping styles, such as schizophrenia was associated with self-stigmatization and anorexia nervosa showed pronounced over-identification. Overall, various diagnosis-dependent specifics were found. CONCLUSIONS As patients reactions to diagnoses vary substantially, their formation, impact on treatment and overall cause should be investigated in further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schnell
- Medical School Hamburg, University of Applied Sciences and Medical University, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anja Kehring
- Medical School Hamburg, University of Applied Sciences and Medical University, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Moritz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Olaf Morgenroth
- Medical School Hamburg, University of Applied Sciences and Medical University, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wu J, Zhang L, Zhu X, Jiang G. Mental Health Literacy from the Perspective of Multi-Field Experts in the Context of Chinese Culture. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041387. [PMID: 33546194 PMCID: PMC7913242 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to explore the opinions of multi-field Chinese experts on mental health literacy and further build a comprehensive picture of mental health literacy based on these opinions. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten Chinese experts from the fields of psychiatry, clinical psychology, mental health education, and social work. A mixed deductive-inductive thematic analysis was used in the analysis of the qualitative data. The experts noted that mental health literacy applies both to persons with mental illness and the people who help them. The comprehensive view of mental health literacy that emerged from the interviews included knowledge about mental illness, an attitude of acceptance, respectful behavior, and recognition of the importance of getting help. Characteristically, Chinese components of mental health literacy included living in harmony with others and achieving balance in all aspects of life. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first qualitative study of experts’ views of the concept of mental health literacy in the context of Chinese culture. The experts’ responses to the interviews generated a comprehensive view of mental health literacy, including several elements that may be especially salient in Chinese culture. The results have implications for researchers and clinicians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jue Wu
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China; (J.W.); (L.Z.); (G.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China; (J.W.); (L.Z.); (G.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xu Zhu
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China; (J.W.); (L.Z.); (G.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430079, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Guangrong Jiang
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China; (J.W.); (L.Z.); (G.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430079, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hung MS, Chow MC, Chien WT, Wong PY. Effectiveness of the Mental Health First Aid programme for general nursing students in Hong Kong: A randomised controlled trial. Collegian 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colegn.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
34
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Psychiatrists are susceptible intermittently to use dehumanising terms in their clinical practice, which arguably harm patients and their families. Our goal is to shed light on this unwelcome phenomenon and to develop the means to combat it. METHOD We have examined journal articles, books on the history of psychiatry, and educational material devised for psychiatric patients, for evidence of what we have called 'pathogenic language'. We have also sought colleagues' reflections on the subject. RESULTS We have identified several terms that are ostensibly pathogenic, tried to illuminate their intrinsic features and devised guidelines to stem their use. CONCLUSIONS Psychiatrists have the potential to harm patients and their families by using pathogenic language when communicating with them. We conclude that meticulous attention to this risk, coupled with appropriate ethically based and educational strategies, can contribute to the eradication of pathogenic language and prevent its recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sidney Bloch
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nick Haslam
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Yildirim M, Balci B. Beliefs toward mental illness in Turkish physiotherapists. Physiother Theory Pract 2021; 38:1419-1425. [PMID: 33472490 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2020.1870251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Physiotherapists (PTs) are responsible for the prevention and promotion of physical and mental health. Their beliefs toward mental illness (MI) are important to disclose stigmatization.Purpose: To investigate the beliefs of PTs toward MI.Methods: Beliefs toward Mental Illness Scale were sent to an e-mail network of Turkish Physiotherapy Association. The scale has three subscales: 1) Dangerousness; 2) Incurability and Poor Social and Interpersonal Skills (IPSIS); and 3) Shame. Total and subscale scores were used for analysis as higher scores indicated more negative beliefs.Results: In total, 155 PTs completed the questionnaires. The median total score was 45/105, while Dangerousness, IPSIS, and Shame scores were 20/40, 23/55, and 0/10, respectively. Dangerousness score was higher in PTs with a bachelor's degree compared to PTs with a postgraduate education (p = .049). IPSIS score was higher in PTs who did not consult a health professional in the presence of MI compared to PTs who consulted (p = .023). Total and IPSIS scores were higher in PTs exposed to an individual with MI during physiotherapy sessions compared to PTs having a family member with MI (p = .006 and p = .012, respectively).Conclusion: Postgraduate education may affect the positivity of the beliefs regarding the dangerousness of MI. Negative beliefs about the curability of MI, frustration in interpersonal relationships, and perception that the mentally ill are untrustworthy may hinder the health-seeking behavior, even the individual is a health-care professional. Having a family member with MI may positively affect the beliefs of PTs in case of an exposure to a patient with MI during physiotherapy sessions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meriç Yildirim
- School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Birgül Balci
- School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bharti A, Singh H, Singh D, Kumar V. Behavior of general population toward mentally ill persons in Digital India: Where are we? Ind Psychiatry J 2021; 30:106-112. [PMID: 34483533 PMCID: PMC8395565 DOI: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_194_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to find out the overall reported and intended behavior of the general population of India toward mentally ill persons. MATERIALS AND METHODS Participants were included in an online survey using a nonprobability snowball sampling technique. After taking informed consent, sociodemographic details were recorded, and the "Reported and Intended Behaviour Scale" was administered. RESULTS Out of 818 responses, 684 responses were eligible for study after exclusion. The mean age (standard deviation) of the study population was 31.01 (7.79) years. Maximum participants reported that they did not live (76.6%), did not work (75.7%), did not live nearby (66.4 %), or have not had a close friend (79.8%) with mental health problems. However, most individuals neither agreed nor disagreed to live (48.5%), work (38%), and live nearby (42.7%) a mentally ill person, but maximum individuals strongly agreed to continue a relationship with a friend having mental health problems (34.5%). There were 77.5% males and 32.2% healthcare workers. Regarding intended behavior, there was a significant difference between healthcare workers and persons other than these as well as between males and females. Participants who had previous interaction with the mentally ill person were more willing to interact with the same. CONCLUSION Most people do not intend to have stigmatized behavior toward mentally ill persons. Healthcare workers and males have less negative social reactions toward mentally ill persons in different domains of life. However, there is still a need to intensify awareness about mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Bharti
- Department of Psychiatry, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Harpreet Singh
- Department of Psychiatry, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Deepak Singh
- Department of Psychiatry, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vipin Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry, SHKM Government Medical College, Nuh, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Marriott C, Parish C, Griffiths C, Fish R. Experiences of shame and intellectual disabilities: Two case studies. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES : JOID 2020; 24:489-502. [PMID: 31035845 DOI: 10.1177/1744629519844091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Shame is a trans-diagnostic phenomenon that underlies a variety of mental health difficulties. People with intellectual disabilities (IDs) are reported to be one of the most stigmatized and excluded groups in society and are more likely to experience mental health problems than the general population. Consequently, this group may be at a significant risk of shame-related distress. However, there is a lack of research that investigates the experience of shame in people with ID, and there is currently a lack of interventions targeting shame in people with ID. Two case studies were undertaken to document the experiences of stigma, discrimination, and shame in people with ID and to explore how shame may present in this population. Shame was found to be a significant barrier to social inclusion and to contribute towards poor psychological health in people with ID. The development of interventions that specifically target shame in this population is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clare Marriott
- 8954Northamptonshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Rezaie L, Phillips D. Post-discharge needs of Iranian women diagnosed with severe mental illness: A qualitative study. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2020; 27:752-762. [PMID: 32277722 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: A search of common databases indicates the absence of any research focused on the needs of Iranian women diagnosed with severe mental illness post-discharge from an inpatient setting. Moreover, there is a lacuna of information about the unique experiences and needs of persons diagnosed with severe mental illness living in non-Western communities (esp. Middle Eastern communities). WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE: This study examined interviews of women diagnosed with severe mental illness receiving treatment at an Iranian inpatient hospital. Three categories of post-discharge needs emerged: support, skill acquisition and information. Support consisted of family, social and health system subcategories. Skill acquisition was comprised of social skills, work skills and self-management skills. Lastly, information distinguished between illness-related information and women's health information. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: Findings highlight the need for systemic changes to current care models. Broadly, families should be incorporated into care to improve outcomes and decrease stigma. Regarding mental health nursing, results highlighted the need for additional nursing and occupational therapy interventions to empower families and patients. Nursing practitioners can aid in preparing these patients for employment and public health initiatives to decrease stigma and improve access to care. ABSTRACT: Introduction Understanding the post-discharge needs of patients diagnosed with severe mental illness is critical for improving treatment outcomes. Aim The aim of the present study was to determine the unique post-discharge needs of Iranian women diagnosed with severe mental illness. Method Conventional content analysis was utilized to analyse data gathered via focus group interviews conducted within the psychiatric inpatient unit at Farabi hospital located in Kermanshah, Iran. Participants (N = 42; M age = 40; SD = 6.3 years) had been diagnosed with a severe mental illness, had a history of at least two psychiatric hospitalizations and were awaiting discharge following significant symptom improvement. Results Content analysis extracted three categories of post-discharge needs: support, skill acquisition and information. Support consisted of family, social and health system subcategories. Skill acquisition was comprised of social skills, work skills and self-management skills. Lastly, information distinguished between illness-related information and women's health information. Discussion/Implications for practice Analysis of interview data highlighted the general need for adopting a family-system approach to reduce stigma, increase knowledge and foster skill acquisition. Regarding mental health nursing, results highlighted the unique role of nurses and their capacity to pre-emptively address needs such as aiding in employment. Lastly, findings are contrasted against Western care models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leeba Rezaie
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - David Phillips
- Department of Psychology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Edwards JL, Crisp DA. Seeking help for psychological distress: Barriers for mental health professionals. AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ajpy.12146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janet L. Edwards
- Centre for Applied Psychology, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia,
| | - Dimity A. Crisp
- Centre for Applied Psychology, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia,
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Stopped, Delayed or Discouraged: What Are the Barriers for Adolescents Fully Engaging in the Mental Health System? Int J Ment Health Addict 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-019-00135-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
41
|
van 't Hof M, van Berckelaer-Onnes I, Deen M, Neukerk MC, Bannink R, Daniels AM, Hoek HW, Ester WA. Novel Insights into Autism Knowledge and Stigmatizing Attitudes Toward Mental Illness in Dutch Youth and Family Center Physicians. Community Ment Health J 2020; 56:1318-1330. [PMID: 32048132 PMCID: PMC7434787 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-020-00568-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Professionals' limited knowledge on mental health and their stigmatizing attitudes toward mental illness can delay the diagnosis of autism. We evaluated the knowledge on Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and stigmatizing attitudes in 93 physicians at Dutch Youth and Family Centers (YFC). These physicians screen for psychiatric symptoms in children. We show that their general ASD knowledge scored 7.1 (SD 1.2), but their specific ASD knowledge was only 5.7 (SD 1.7) (weighted means on 1-10 scale, 1 = least knowledge, 10 = most knowledge). Our physicians had positive attitudes toward mental illness (CAMI scores 2.18 (SD 0.33) to 2.22 (SD 0.40) on a 5-point Likert scale) but they had higher levels of stigmatizing attitudes than other Western healthcare professionals. Their levels were considerably lower than in non-Western professionals. We found no relations between ASD knowledge, stigmatizing attitudes and demographic variables. In conclusion, ASD knowledge and stigmatizing attitudes toward mental illness in Dutch YFC physicians require attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maarten van 't Hof
- Sarr Expert Centre for Autism, Lucertis Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Carnissesingel 51, 3083 JA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, Kiwistraat 30, 2552 DH, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Ina van Berckelaer-Onnes
- Sarr Expert Centre for Autism, Lucertis Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Carnissesingel 51, 3083 JA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Clinical Child and Adolescent Studies, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mathijs Deen
- Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, Kiwistraat 30, 2552 DH, The Hague, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Methodology and Statistics Unit, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Monique C Neukerk
- Sarr Expert Centre for Autism, Lucertis Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Carnissesingel 51, 3083 JA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rienke Bannink
- Department of Youth Health Care, Regional Public Health Service Rijnmond, 3003 AB, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Amy M Daniels
- Simons Foundation, 160 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Hans W Hoek
- Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, Kiwistraat 30, 2552 DH, The Hague, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th St., New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Wietske A Ester
- Sarr Expert Centre for Autism, Lucertis Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Carnissesingel 51, 3083 JA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, Kiwistraat 30, 2552 DH, The Hague, The Netherlands. .,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Curium-LUMC, Leiden University, Endegeesterstraatweg 27, 2342 AK, Oegstgeest, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Badcock JC, Di Prinzio P, Waterreus A, Neil AL, Morgan VA. Loneliness and its association with health service utilization in people with a psychotic disorder. Schizophr Res 2020; 223:105-111. [PMID: 32518000 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loneliness is common in people with psychotic disorders and associated with reduced health and well-being. The relationship between loneliness in psychosis and health service use is unclear. This study examined whether loneliness predicts increased health care utilization in this population, independently of sociodemographics, health and functioning. METHODS We used cross-sectional data from the Second Australian National Survey of Psychosis. Loneliness was assessed using a single-item question, rated on a 4-point scale (not lonely; lonely occasionally; some friends but lonely for company; socially isolated and lonely). Health service use (past 12-months) was measured by the number of general practitioner (GP), emergency department (ED) and outpatient visits, inpatient admissions, and home visits by mental health professionals. Frequent hospital users comprised those in the top 15% of users of at least two services. RESULTS Negative binomial regression analysis showed that loneliness was associated with an increased number of GP visits, ED visits and inpatient admissions, only. Socially isolated and lonely survey participants were more than twice as likely (OR = 2.6) of being 'frequent users' compared to non-lonely responders. Following stringent adjustment for covariates, loneliness remained significantly associated with being a 'frequent user' and showed a non-significant trend to an increased number of GP visits and inpatient admissions. CONCLUSIONS Loneliness is a complex social and personal problem for people with psychosis, related to greater use of some health services. Better strategies for identifying and responding to loneliness in this population have the potential to increase well-being and contain health service utilization costs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna C Badcock
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia; Perth Voices Clinic, Murdoch 6150, Australia.
| | - Patsy Di Prinzio
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anna Waterreus
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Clinical Research in Neuropsychiatry, Division of Psychiatry, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Amanda L Neil
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Vera A Morgan
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Clinical Research in Neuropsychiatry, Division of Psychiatry, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
The Views of Non-psychiatric Medical Specialists About People with Schizophrenia and Depression. Community Ment Health J 2020; 56:1077-1084. [PMID: 32020387 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-020-00567-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the views of non-psychiatric medical specialists about people with schizophrenia and depression and examined whether specialists' approach to these clients, and their perception of dangerousness and social distance, differed by disorder. Non-psychiatric medical specialists working in community centers in Italy read either a schizophrenia or depression description and then completed a questionnaire on their views about people with that disorder. The schizophrenia-group (N = 114) was more sure than the depression-group (N = 97) that the patients should be approached differently in outpatient specialized clinics like those where the respondents worked; are incapable of caring for their own health; and are kept at distance by others. Perceived dangerousness did not significantly differ between the two groups. These findings highlight the potential effects of attitudes on medical practice and outline the need to educate non-psychiatric medical specialists on stigma as a strategy to reduce health discrepancies, particularly toward people diagnosed with schizophrenia.
Collapse
|
44
|
Valery KM, Prouteau A. Schizophrenia stigma in mental health professionals and associated factors: A systematic review. Psychiatry Res 2020; 290:113068. [PMID: 32474069 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The consequences of schizophrenia stigma are numerous and highly damaging to individuals, their families, the health care system and society. Mental health professionals (MHP) are considered to be one of the main sources of stigmatization. OBJECTIVES To identify the characteristics of MHP stigma in schizophrenia in comparison with other psychiatric disorders, the specificities of MHP compared with other social groups, and associated factors. METHODS Following PRISMA guidelines, we systematically searched multiple electronic databases for articles: (i) reporting original data published in English in peer-reviewed journals, (ii) reporting quantitative data with statistical analysis, (iii) assessing stigma in a broad sense, and (iv) including samples composed only of MHP. RESULTS A total of 38 articles published from 1999 to 2019 and involving 10,926 MHP fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Studies showed that schizophrenia is the most stigmatized mental illnesses in MHP, despite recent results suggesting that borderline personality disorder and substance abuse may be more stigmatized. In comparison with other social groups, MHP reported less dangerousness beliefs and more positive beliefs regarding pharmacological treatment. Nevertheless, results were less consistent regarding prognosis and desire for social distance. Age, education level, type of mental health profession, or length of practice were associated factors that showed inconsistent relations with stigma. Work setting and biological causal beliefs were more clearly associated with MHP stigma. CONCLUSION These findings provide strong support for the need to conduct specific research on schizophrenia stigma in MHP and the importance of controlling for several variables to identify predictors of stigma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin-Marc Valery
- Laboratory of Psychology EA 4139, University of Bordeaux, 3 ter place de la Victoire, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Department of Adult Psychiatry, Jonzac Hospital, Jonzac, France; EDEA Association, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Antoinette Prouteau
- Laboratory of Psychology EA 4139, University of Bordeaux, 3 ter place de la Victoire, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Department of Adult Psychiatry, Jonzac Hospital, Jonzac, France
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Stiawa M, Müller-Stierlin A, Staiger T, Kilian R, Becker T, Gündel H, Beschoner P, Grinschgl A, Frasch K, Schmauß M, Panzirsch M, Mayer L, Sittenberger E, Krumm S. Mental health professionals view about the impact of male gender for the treatment of men with depression - a qualitative study. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:276. [PMID: 32493263 PMCID: PMC7268222 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02686-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The underestimation of depression among men may result from atypical depression symptoms and male help-seeking behaviour. However, higher suicide rates among men than among women indicate a need for gender-specific services for men with depression. In order to develop gender-specific services, it is essential to examine professionals' attitudes towards men's depressive symptoms and treatment needs as well as barriers to and facilitators of treatment. This study examined gender-specific treatment needs in male patients and treatment approaches to male patients from a professional perspective. METHODS Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with 33 mental health professionals (MHPs) from five German psychiatric institutions. The study assessed the characteristics and attributes of male patients with depression risk factors for the development of depression among men, their condition at the beginning of treatment, male patients' depressive symptoms, the needs and expectations of male patients, the importance of social networks in a mental health context, and MHPs' treatment aims and treatment methods. Transcripts were analysed using qualitative content analysis. RESULTS The professionals' reference group of male patients were men who were characterised in accordance with traditional masculinity. Attributes reported as in line with this type of men were late initiations of inpatient treatment after crisis, suicidal ideation or attempted suicide, and high expectations towards treatment duration, success rate in recovery and therapeutic sessions. In contrast, male patients who deviate from these patterns were partially described with reference to female stereotypes. Professionals referred to psychosocial models in their explanations of the causes of depression and provided sociological explanations for the development of masculine ideals among men. The consequences of these for treatment were discussed against the background of normative expectations regarding the male gender. From the professionals' point of view, psychoeducation and the acceptance of depression (as a widespread mental illness) were the most important goals in mental health treatment. CONCLUSIONS In order to improve mental health among men, gender-specific services should be offered. Awareness of the role of gender and its implications on mental health treatment should be an integral part of MHPs' education and their daily implementation of mental health treatment practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maja Stiawa
- Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University at BKH Guenzburg, Ludwig-Heilmeyer-Str. 2, 89312, Guenzburg, Germany.
| | - Annabel Müller-Stierlin
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University at BKH Guenzburg, Ludwig-Heilmeyer-Str. 2, 89312 Guenzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Staiger
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University at BKH Guenzburg, Ludwig-Heilmeyer-Str. 2, 89312 Guenzburg, Germany
| | - Reinhold Kilian
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University at BKH Guenzburg, Ludwig-Heilmeyer-Str. 2, 89312 Guenzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Becker
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University at BKH Guenzburg, Ludwig-Heilmeyer-Str. 2, 89312 Guenzburg, Germany
| | - Harald Gündel
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Petra Beschoner
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Achim Grinschgl
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Günztalklinik Allgäu, Obergünzburg, Germany
| | - Karel Frasch
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University at BKH Guenzburg, Ludwig-Heilmeyer-Str. 2, 89312 Guenzburg, Germany ,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, BKH Donauwörth, Donauwörth, Germany
| | - Max Schmauß
- grid.7307.30000 0001 2108 9006Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Augsburg University, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Maria Panzirsch
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, BKH Donauwörth, Donauwörth, Germany
| | - Lea Mayer
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University at BKH Guenzburg, Ludwig-Heilmeyer-Str. 2, 89312 Guenzburg, Germany
| | - Elisa Sittenberger
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Silvia Krumm
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University at BKH Guenzburg, Ludwig-Heilmeyer-Str. 2, 89312 Guenzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Anosike C, Ukwe CV, Oparah AC. Attitudes of pharmacy and non-pharmacy students towards mental illness in Nigeria: a comparative survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE 2020; 28:346-354. [PMID: 32017285 DOI: 10.1111/ijpp.12601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Globally, persons with mental illness are victims of stigma, even among healthcare professionals and trainees. However, in Nigeria, little is known about the attitudes of pharmacy students towards people with mental illness. Therefore, the objectives of this paper were to assess and compare the attitudes of pharmacy and non-pharmacy students towards mental illness and explore its associated demographic factors. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted among pharmacy and selected non-pharmacy students of a Nigerian university. The Attitude Scale for Mental Illness was used for data collection. The survey instrument was distributed to and completed by selected students in batches after normal class lectures. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test and Student's t-test were used for data analysis. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. KEY FINDINGS The key findings showed that pharmacy and non-pharmacy students generally demonstrated positive attitudes towards mental illness. Pharmacy students had more positive, less stigmatizing attitudes compared with students of non-pharmacy courses. Students' attitudes towards mental illness were significantly influenced by gender, age, a previous visit to a mental hospital and knowing a family member or friend with a mental illness. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that students' attitudes towards mental illness were positive but sub-optimal. Student pharmacists demonstrated more positive attitudes towards mental illness compared with non-pharmacy students. However, the major contributors to positive attitudes were male gender, older age, a previous visit to a mental hospital and having a close associate with a mental illness. Therefore, educational interventions addressing students' misconceptions of mental illness are recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chibueze Anosike
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Chinwe Victoria Ukwe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Azuka Cyriacus Oparah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Stigma towards depression in a community-based sample in China. Compr Psychiatry 2020; 97:152152. [PMID: 31838297 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2019.152152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Understanding the general public's beliefs about depression is essential if public education and anti-stigma interventions are to be effective. This study aimed to examine Chinese respondents' personal attitudes towards depression and their perceptions about the attitudes of others regarding depression and to identify the correlates of personal stigma and perceived stigma towards depression. METHODS A community survey was conducted among 1697 residents aged between 16 and 89 years of a large city in central China using the Depression Stigma Scale. Participants completed questionnaires assessing experiences of depression and family functioning. RESULTS Participants reported high levels of stigma towards depression, with greater perceived stigma than personal stigma. Increasing age was correlated with greater personal stigma and perceived stigma. Higher personal stigma was also significantly correlated with being male, unemployed and good family function. CONCLUSION Concerningly high levels of stigmatizing beliefs towards depression were prevalent among the public. This may be a reason why people with mental disorders do not seek assistance. This highlights the importance of the need for health education and promotion activities. Findings from this study suggest that targeted, culturally appropriate education programs are needed to improve knowledge about depression in the broader community.
Collapse
|
48
|
Wu Q, Luo X, Chen S, Qi C, Yang WFZ, Liao Y, Wang X, Tang J, Tang Y, Liu T. Stigmatizing Attitudes Towards Mental Disorders Among Non-Mental Health Professionals in Six General Hospitals in Hunan Province. Front Psychiatry 2020; 10:946. [PMID: 31998161 PMCID: PMC6967835 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There have been few studies on the stigma associated with mental disorders among non-mental health professionals in general hospitals in China. This study seeks to explore mental health-related stigma and the desire for social distance among non-mental health professionals in general hospitals in Hunan Province in China. Methods: The study was carried out with 1123 non-mental health professionals in six general hospitals in Hunan Province by using a questionnaire with a case vignette describing either schizophrenia, depression, or generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Questions were asked about the attitudes of participants and other people towards individuals with mental disorders and the willingness to come into contact with them. Results: The people described in the vignette were considered dangerous by 84.4% of participants for schizophrenia, 72.0% of participants for depression, and 63.1% of participants for GAD. Besides being dangerous, people with schizophrenia were perceived as unpredictable and as the least suitable for voting for as a politician or employing. Around 50% of participants believed the problems described in the vignette were due to personal weakness. Over 70% of the non-mental health professionals were not willing to have the people described in the vignette marry into their family. The participants had gained their mental health-related knowledge mainly through the media, mostly from newspapers. Conclusions: The current study found a significant stigma towards individuals with mental disorders and a desire for social distance from such people among non-mental health professionals in general hospitals in Hunan Province. Anti-stigma interventions should focus on addressing non-mental health professionals' beliefs on dangerousness and unpredictability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxia Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
- National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
- Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Xiaoyang Luo
- Female Psychiatric Ward, The First Psychiatric Hospital of Hengyang City, Hengyang, China
| | - Shubao Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
- National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
- Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chang Qi
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
- National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
- Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Winson Fu Zun Yang
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Yanhui Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
- National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
- Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuyi Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
- National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
- Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinsong Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
- National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
- Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiyuan Tang
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Tieqiao Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
- National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
- Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hao Y, Wu Q, Luo X, Chen S, Qi C, Long J, Xiong Y, Liao Y, Liu T. Mental Health Literacy of Non-mental Health Nurses: A Mental Health Survey in Four General Hospitals in Hunan Province, China. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:507969. [PMID: 33192642 PMCID: PMC7652749 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.507969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The high numbers of patients with mental illness, especially those who are misdiagnosed or delayed in treatment in China, have imposed a huge burden on the country and the society. This study was designed to investigate the mental health literacy (MHL) of non-mental health nurses. Method: A cross-sectional survey was designed, and a convenient cluster sampling method was applied. We presented evidence on 601 nurses from the non-mental health department in four hospitals in Hengyang city, China. One-third of the vignettes were diagnosed with schizophrenia, depression, or generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Result: The correct identification rates for schizophrenia, depression, and GAD vignettes reached 38.9, 56.2, and 17.5%, respectively. The majority of the participants deemed that the person in each vignette needed professional help, and most of them preferred professional medical help and lifestyle interventions. As for the likely outcome for the persons described in each vignette, more than half of the participants thought that with professional help, the patients would make a full recovery, but problems would probably recur. Conclusion: The MHL of non-mental health nurses is insufficient in China. This condition is particularly applicable in the case of GAD. Thus, the country must implement more mental health education programs to improve the MHL of non-mental health nurses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhu Hao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, The China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, Chinese National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Qiuxia Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, The China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, Chinese National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyang Luo
- Female Psychiatric Ward, The First Psychiatric Hospital of Hengyang City, Hengyang, China
| | - Shubao Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, The China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, Chinese National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Chang Qi
- Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiang Long
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Xiong
- Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Yanhui Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tieqiao Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, The China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, Chinese National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Chen S, Ma Y, Cai W, Moretta T, Wang X, Liu T, Potenza MN. Factorial validity of a substance-use stigma scale in methamphetamine-using adults in China. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 206:107677. [PMID: 31732296 PMCID: PMC6980741 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the large number of individuals who use substances of abuse and the stigma of such behaviors in China, scales have not been developed and validated for assessing substance-use stigma. Given its importance for targeting interventions, the aim of the present study was to validate a Chinese substance-use stigma measure including three dimensions of substance-use-disorder-related stigma (personal stigma, perceived stigma and social distance) by modifying a pre-existing scale measuring mental illness-related stigma and social distance. METHODS A convenience sample of eight-hundred-and-twelve individuals with substance abuse (aged 18-68 years) from different drug rehabilitation centers completed a self-reported survey including their demographics and drug use, and the stigma and social distance scales. The adapted, translated from English to Chinese, and back-translated scales were an 18-items stigma scale including personal stigma and perceived stigma subscales and a 5-items one domain social distance scale. Confirmatory factor analysis and multigroup confirmatory factor analysis tested factorial validity and measurement invariance of the scales, respectively. RESULTS For the stigma scale, by deleting one low correlation dimension (named "weak-not-sick"), personal stigma and perceived stigma showed acceptable fit indices and internal consistency with two dimensions (named "dangerous/unpredictable" and "social discrimination"), separately. The social distance scale showed good fit indices and internal consistency as a separate facet of stigma-related substance-use problems. Invariance of the model across drug-rehabilitation centers was found. CONCLUSIONS The Chinese substance-use stigma scale may serve as a valuable tool for better understanding substance-use stigma among adults in China who abuse substances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shubao Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Chinese National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, Hunan, China; Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China; Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yuejiao Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Chinese National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, Hunan, China; Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China; Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Weifu Cai
- Department of Psychiatry, People's Hospital of Zhuhai, Zhuhai, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tania Moretta
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Xuyi Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Chinese National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, Hunan, China; Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China; Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Tieqiao Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Chinese National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, Hunan, China; Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China; Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA; Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|