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Ittefaq M, Reynolds-Tylus T. Memorable Messages About Mental Health Among International Students in the United States: A Mixed-Method Study. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38778630 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2024.2359170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the memorable messages about mental health that international students (N = 199) received from various sources since arriving on campus in the U.S. Utilizing the memorable messages framework, we examined the types of messages (normalizing, strategizing, minimizing) they received and their association with message satisfaction, mental health stigma, and attitude toward help-seeking. The most frequently recalled messages were normalizing messages (49.2%), followed by strategizing messages (31.7%), and minimizing messages (9.5%). Participants who recalled normalizing and strategizing messages reported higher satisfaction and a more favorable attitude toward help-seeking compared to those who recalled minimizing messages. These findings offer theoretical implications for memorable messages and immigrant populations, as well as practical implications for campaign messaging and design. These results can guide university officials in tailoring their efforts to meet the mental health needs of this vulnerable population.
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Cho S, Bastien L, Petrovic J, Böke BN, Heath NL. The Role of Mental Health Stigma in University Students' Satisfaction With Web-Based Stress Management Resources: Intervention Study. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e50018. [PMID: 38573758 PMCID: PMC11027058 DOI: 10.2196/50018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND University students frequently report elevated levels of stress and mental health difficulties. Thus, the need to build coping capacity on university campuses has been highlighted as critical to mitigating the negative effects of prolonged stress and distress among students. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, web-based stress management resources such as infographics and web-based workshops have been central to supporting university students' mental health and well-being. However, there is a lack of research on students' satisfaction with and uptake of these approaches. Furthermore, mental health stigma has been suggested to have not only fueled the emergence of these web-based approaches to stress management but may also influence students' help-seeking behaviors and their satisfaction with and uptake of these resources. OBJECTIVE This study explored potential differences in students' satisfaction and strategy use in response to an interactive infographic (an emerging resource delivery modality) presenting stress management strategies and a web-based workshop (a more common modality) presenting identical strategies. This study also examined the relative contribution of students' strategy use and family-based mental health stigma in predicting their sustained satisfaction with the 2 web-based stress management approaches. METHODS University students (N=113; mean age 20.93, SD 1.53 years; 100/113, 88.5% women) completed our web-based self-report measure of family-based mental health stigma at baseline and were randomly assigned to either independently review an interactive infographic (n=60) or attend a synchronous web-based workshop (n=53). All participants reported their satisfaction with their assigned modality at postintervention (T1) and follow-up (T2) and their strategy use at T2. RESULTS Interestingly, a 2-way mixed ANOVA revealed no significant group × time interaction or main effect of group on satisfaction. However, there was a significant decrease in satisfaction from T1 to T2, despite relatively high levels of satisfaction being reported at both time points. In addition, a 1-way ANOVA revealed no significant difference in strategy use between groups. Results from a hierarchical multiple regression revealed that students' strategy use positively predicted T2 satisfaction in both groups. However, only in the web-based workshop group did family-based mental health stigma predict T2 satisfaction over and above strategy use. CONCLUSIONS While both approaches were highly satisfactory over time, findings highlight the potential utility of interactive infographics since they are less resource-intensive than web-based workshops and students' satisfaction with them is not impacted by family-based mental health stigma. Moreover, although numerous intervention studies measure satisfaction at a single time point, this study highlights the need for tracking satisfaction over time following intervention delivery. These findings have implications for student service units in the higher education context, emphasizing the need to consider student perceptions of family-based mental health stigma and preferences regarding delivery format when designing programming aimed at bolstering students' coping capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohyun Cho
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Laurianne Bastien
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Julia Petrovic
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bilun Naz Böke
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nancy L Heath
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Aljuhnie MA, Alharbi AS, Alharbi OF, Saati AA, Alshumrani FA, Alharbi AE, Hazazi RF, Alharbi MS, Shatla M. Attitudes and Stigma Toward Seeking Psychological Help Among the General Population of Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2024; 16:e55492. [PMID: 38571867 PMCID: PMC10989704 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Depression and anxiety are among the most common mental health conditions globally, and, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), roughly 25% of people worldwide suffer from them. Serious mental diseases can cause a great deal of suffering and incapacity, lowering people's quality of life. Stigma and unfavorable attitudes toward mental illness often discourage people from seeking psychological assistance and achieving recovery from mental problems. This observational cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the attitudes of the general population of Makkah, Saudi Arabia, toward seeking psychological help, and to determine the degree to which stigma prevents individuals from seeking help. Methods An online, self-administered survey was distributed via social media platforms among the general population of Makkah between September and December 2023. Males and females over the age of 18 years living in Makkah were included. The exclusion criteria were participants who declined to participate in the study or those who were below 18 years of age. Results A total of 495 eligible participants completed the study survey. Of them, 378 (76.4%) were female, and most (390, 78.8%) were Saudi Arabian nationals. A total of 341 (68.9%) participants had symptoms of anxiety, and 319 (64.4%) had symptoms of depression. Regarding unfavorable attitudes, the scores were significantly higher among participants over 40 years of age (1.81 ± 0.46; p<0.05) and those with relatively low levels of education (1.93 ± 0.65; p<0.05). As for stigma, the scores were significantly higher among male participants (2.38 ± 0.83; p<0.05) and those with low levels of education (2.54 ± 0.8; p<0.05). Conclusion A significant negative correlation between participants' attitudes toward seeking psychological help and stigma was observed. However, in contrast, the psychological symptom scores did not significantly correlate with the participants' attitudes. Stigma scores showed significant positive correlations with depression and overall symptom scores. This research showed that stigma has a significant impact on attitudes toward help-seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Aljuhnie
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SAU
| | - Abdullah S Alharbi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SAU
| | - Omar F Alharbi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SAU
| | - Asim A Saati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SAU
| | - Fahad A Alshumrani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SAU
| | - Abdullah E Alharbi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SAU
| | - Raghad F Hazazi
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SAU
| | - Mohammad S Alharbi
- Infectious Disease Control Department, Saudi Ministry of Health, Makkah, SAU
| | - Mokhtar Shatla
- Department of Community Medicine and Pilgrims Health Care, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SAU
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Sakız H, Jencius M. Inclusive mental health support for international students: Unveiling delivery components in higher education. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2024; 11:e8. [PMID: 38390254 PMCID: PMC10882177 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2024.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examines the delivery components of inclusive mental health services in higher education, centering on international university students. Through interviews with 32 participants at a state university in the United States, including students, counseling staff, and faculty, six key themes emerged: mental health professionals' multicultural self-awareness, focus on reparative services, mainstream mental health theories and approaches, professionals' cultural background, faculty involvement and physical space and confidentiality. These findings underscore the importance of training for professionals, expansive mental health offerings, incorporation of diverse approaches, confidentiality, active faculty participation and suitable physical environments. By addressing these components, universities can enhance the quality of mental health support for international student populations, promoting their overall well-being and academic success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halis Sakız
- Gerald H. Read Center for International and Intercultural Education, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
- Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Letters, Mardin Artuklu University, Mardin, Turkey
| | - Marty Jencius
- Counselor Education and Supervision Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
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Manescu EA, Henderson C, Paroiu CR, Mihai A. Mental health related stigma in Romania: systematic review and narrative synthesis. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:662. [PMID: 37684591 PMCID: PMC10486137 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05147-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stigma related to mental illness is increasingly and more effectively addressed. Although more research is being conducted, there is relatively little from low and middle-income countries, with former Soviet bloc countries identified as a particular contributor to this evidence gap. Romania struggles with mental health stigma at many levels. The aim of this review was to bring together all relevant data regarding stigma and discrimination related to mental illness as well as actions to address these problems in Romania in order to prioritise further stigma research and identify priority targets for stigma reduction. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in three online databases and grey literature. After the analysis of full manuscripts, four were excluded based on lack of relevance or incomplete data reporting. Quality assessment was performed for included studies using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) and the narrative was synthesized based on the research questions. RESULTS The review included fifteen studies, the majority having a cross-sectional design. Stigma related to mental illness in Romania, has an impact on help-seeking attitudes and behaviours, workplace environment and social relationships of people with mental health problems. Negative stereotypes are maintained and validated by mass media reports. Significant stigma in healthcare and mental care settings has also been observed. Self-stigma was less frequently reported than public stigma. Despite a few stigma reduction actions, no rigorous evaluation of content, delivery and effectiveness has been conducted and no empirical evidence has been published. CONCLUSIONS Based on this review, three lines of action are recommended in Romania. Increase research concerning stigma in healthcare and mental care settings and use behavioural outcomes. Develop and deliver evidence-based tailored interventions to reduce stigma in identified priority subgroups of the population and ensure rigorous evaluation and scientific dissemination. Elaborate guidelines for working with community stigma and advocate for structural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Manescu
- Department of Psychiatry, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Tirgu-Mures, Romania.
| | - Claire Henderson
- Department of Health Service and Population Research, King's College London Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ciprian R Paroiu
- Department of Psychiatry, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Tirgu-Mures, Romania
| | - Adriana Mihai
- Department of Psychiatry, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Tirgu-Mures, Romania
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Ne'eman-Haviv V, Shafran Y. Differences in help-seeking tendency in intimate partner violence between Jewish and Arab women in Israel. FRONTIERS IN SOCIOLOGY 2023; 8:1229924. [PMID: 37622132 PMCID: PMC10445151 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2023.1229924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Objective Intimate partner violence (IPV) has many consequences for the physical and mental health of the victims. One strategy for coping with IPV is to turn to formal and informal sources for help. The purpose of the present study was to examine the differences in help seeking tendency in cases of IPV between Jewish and Arab women in Israel and the connection to their mental health. Method We administered a structured quantitative questionnaire to a sample of 357 Jewish (44.8%) and 439 Arab (55.2%) women. Results The findings indicate that Jewish women tend to seek help more often than do Arab women, and that there are differences in the targets they approach. Jewish women turn more frequently to unofficial sources, such as friends, relatives, and associations, whereas Arab women approach more often official sources such as social workers and clergy. Conclusions We propose an explanation for the differences based on socio-cultural factors. This study illustrates that it is necessary to act with cultural sensitivity and adapt the help options offered to the culture to which the women belong. This adjustment may encourage more women to apply for support to escape the world of violence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoel Shafran
- Department of Criminology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
- Michal Sela Forum, Mevaseret Zion, Israel
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Chui H, Luk S, Fung KK, Huang Y. Referring students for professional psychological help: A qualitative study of teachers' experience in Hong Kong. J Sch Psychol 2023; 99:101219. [PMID: 37507183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsp.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Teachers have frequent interaction with students and are well positioned to refer students for mental health assistance when needed. Twelve secondary schoolteachers in Hong Kong were interviewed about their experience referring students to mental health professionals (MHPs). Using consensual qualitative research, multiple factors were found to influence teachers' referral decisions, including problem severity, students' willingness, stigma of help-seeking, parent/guardian's beliefs, teacher-parent/guardian relationship, MHPs' effectiveness and availability, quality of interaction with MHPs, and teachers' self-efficacy in handling student issues. Based on the findings, we propose a conceptual model of factors influencing teachers' referral decisions. Implications for research, practice, and training are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold Chui
- Department of Educational Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | - Sarah Luk
- Department of Educational Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Koon Kan Fung
- Department of Educational Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yanghua Huang
- Department of Educational Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Dagani J, Buizza C, Ferrari C, Ghilardi A. The role of psychological distress, stigma and coping strategies on help-seeking intentions in a sample of Italian college students. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:177. [PMID: 37280661 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01171-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health issues are common among university students, but the latter are unlikely to seek professional help even when mental health services are available. Coping strategies, stigma and psychological distress are often considered as factors that can affect help-seeking intentions in university students. METHODS This study aimed to determine the role of coping strategies, stigma and psychological distress on the intentions to seek professional help for psychological problems. All students (N = 13,886) from an Italian medium-sized university were asked to participate in a multidimensional online survey and 3754 (27.1%) agreed to participate. A Structural Equation Modelling approach was applied to explore the simultaneous direct and indirect effects of distress, stigma and coping strategies on professional help-seeking intentions. RESULTS Results showed that students were not very likely to seek professional help and, through the Structural Equation Model, psychological distress was found to be positively correlated with coping strategies, which in turn was negatively associated with the stigma of seeking help. The latter was negatively associated with professional help-seeking intentions. These effects suggest that students with significant psychological distress use coping strategies to face the stigma of seeking help: the lower the stigma of seeking help, the higher the chance of developing intentions to seek professional help. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests the importance of implementing programs to encourage college students to seek help, including measures that foster a stigma-free environment, reduce psychological distress and promote the use of adaptive coping strategies. Interventions should be focused firstly on self-stigma and secondly on perceived stigma, taking into consideration the level of psychological distress and social stereotypes associated with mental disorders and help seeking behaviours. Programs about coping are also essential and should focus on promoting emotion-focused strategies and problem-focused strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Dagani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Section of Clinical and Dynamic Psychology, University of Brescia, Viale Europa, 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Chiara Buizza
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Section of Clinical and Dynamic Psychology, University of Brescia, Viale Europa, 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Clarissa Ferrari
- Service of Statistics, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Via Pilastroni, 4, 25125, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alberto Ghilardi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Section of Clinical and Dynamic Psychology, University of Brescia, Viale Europa, 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
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Parnell KJ, Spiker DA, Johnson TAK, May MB. Attitudes toward Help-Seeking for Sexual Problems among College Women. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2023; 60:535-544. [PMID: 35138970 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2022.2029808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Prior research has indicated that 65-70% of college age women have experienced at least one sexual problem. Sexual problems are associated with higher rates of depression, anxiety, and relationship distress; however, few college age women seek professional help for sexual difficulties. The present study used the Theory of Planned Behavior to explore how adherence to traditional feminine norms and self-stigma are associated with intention to seek professional psychological help for a sexual difficulty. Results of structural equation modeling analysis demonstrated approximate fit in a sample of 259 college women. The structural model indicated that self-stigma and stronger endorsement of specific feminine gender norms (i.e., romantic relationship, sexual fidelity, sweet and nice) were found to be associated with less intention to seek help for a sexual problem. We discuss future research directions and implications for clinical services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth J Parnell
- Applied Psychology and Counselor Education, University of Northern Colorado
| | | | - Tiana A K Johnson
- Applied Psychology and Counselor Education, University of Northern Colorado
| | - Mackenzie B May
- Applied Psychology and Counselor Education, University of Northern Colorado
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Vidales CA, Vogel DL, Levant RF. The Self-Stigma of Seeking Help (SSOSH) Scale: Measurement Invariance Across Men from Different Backgrounds. MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION IN COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/07481756.2022.2160356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Factors influencing attitudes toward cyber-counseling among China's Generation Z: A structural equation model. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2022; 40:124-131. [PMID: 36064235 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Information technology developments have combined traditional face-to-face counseling with online- or cyber-counseling. As digital natives, Generation Z has easy access to cyber-counseling. However, their attitudes toward cyber-counseling remain unknown. This study explored these attitudes and relevant influencing factors among 1216 Chinese adolescents using self-report questionnaires. Descriptive analyses and structural equation modeling were used for data analysis. The model explained 27.7 % of the total variance, attitudes toward psychological help was the most influential, followed by attitudes toward the Internet and perceived behavioral control. The model was effective in explaining attitudes toward cyber-counseling, emphasizing the influence of attitudes toward psychological help.
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Alluhaibi BA, Awadalla AW. Attitudes and stigma toward seeking psychological help among Saudi Adults. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:216. [PMID: 36109773 PMCID: PMC9479300 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00923-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), public attitudes and stigma toward mental health illness seem to prevent people from seeking psychological help, which negatively impacts an individual's life. The primary objective of this study was to investigate people's attitudes toward seeking psychological help and identify the extent to which the associated stigma is responsible for preventing them from seeking psychological help.
Methods
Two hundred eighteen adults recruited from the community living in the Eastern Province of the KSA completed the questionnaires, customized to create the Arabic version of Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale-Short Form (ATSPPH-SF-A), the Arabic version of Stigma Scale for Receiving Psychological Help (SSRPH-A), and the Arabic version of Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 (HSCL-25-A).
Results
Both stigma and psychological distress significantly affected attitudes toward seeking professional help. Furthermore, it indicated that attitudes were negatively correlated with stigma while positively correlated with psychological distress. No significant difference in attitudes toward psychological help-seeking was identified between male and female participants. However, males displayed higher levels of stigma, while females showed greater psychological distress. Furthermore, the groups who received psychological treatment demonstrated more favorable attitudes toward seeking psychological help.
Conclusion
Stigma and psychological stress influence attitudes toward treatment-seeking behavior for mental illness, making them two major predictors responsible for the underutilization of mental health services. More research is needed to assess specific sociodemographic disparities across more data sources and the factors that further contribute to stigma and psychological distress.
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Maeshima LS, Parent MC. Mental health stigma and professional help-seeking behaviors among Asian American and Asian international students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:1761-1767. [PMID: 33048652 PMCID: PMC10371199 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1819820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To examine the relationship between stigma and mental health help-seeking among Asian American and Asian international college students. Participants: Asian American college students (401 men, 858 women) and Asian international college students (384 men, 428 women). Methods: Data from the 2018-2019 Healthy Minds Study were used to assess perceived stigma, personal stigma, and help-seeking behaviors of college students. Results: Personal stigma mediated the relationship between perceived stigma and professional help-seeking intentions. The relationship between perceived stigma and personal stigma differed by international status, such that the relationship between perceived stigma and personal stigma was stronger for Asian international students. The indirect effect between perceived stigma and professional help-seeking via personal stigma also differed by international status. Conclusions: These results suggest that, consistent with prior work, stigma impacts help-seeking among Asian college students and international student status affects the strength of the key relationship between perceived stigma and personal stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey S Maeshima
- Department of Educational Psychology, Counselor Education Program, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Mike C Parent
- Department of Educational Psychology, Counseling Psychology Program, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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Measurement Invariance of the Self-Stigma of Mental Illness Scale: A Cross-Cultural Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19042344. [PMID: 35206530 PMCID: PMC8874424 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The current study assessed the measurement invariance of the Self-stigma of Mental Illness scale (SSOMI) across Chinese and US samples and assessed whether the SSOMI differentially relates to distress levels across Chinese and US participants. We included 487 participants in China and 550 in the US (mean age was 19.52 in China and 19.29 in the US). The results indicated that partial measurement invariance of the SSOMI scale across China and the United States participants was established. Furthermore, we observed validity evidence for the SSOMI scale through its correlations with a well-established self-stigma measure and measures of depression, anxiety, and stress. Finally, we found that the SSOMI scale is more strongly linked to symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress in China than it is in the United States, supporting previous research. These findings enable researchers to utilize the scale cross-culturally (i.e., with participants of Chinese and US origin), and to develop and implement interventions targeting mental illness stigma in both China and the United States.
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Kalkbrenner MT, Neukrug ES, Esquivel LE. Mental health literacy screening of students in Hispanic Serving Institutions. JOURNAL OF COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jcad.12428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Kalkbrenner
- Department of Counseling and Educational Psychology New Mexico State University Las Cruces New Mexico USA
| | - Edward S. Neukrug
- Department of Counseling and Human Services Old Dominion University Norfolk Virginia USA
| | - Luis E. Esquivel
- Department of Counseling and Educational Psychology New Mexico State University Las Cruces New Mexico USA
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Choudhry FR, Khan N, Munawar K. Barriers and facilitators to mental health care: A systematic review in Pakistan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00207411.2021.1941563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Riaz Choudhry
- Department of Psychology, Kulliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nashi Khan
- Project Director/ Dean, FSS, Rashid Latif Khan University & Director, Counselling & Wellness Centre (CWC), Rashid Latif Medical Complex (RLMC), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Khadeeja Munawar
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences & Liberal Arts, UCSI University, No. 1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights (Taman Connaught), Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Bismar D, Wang CDC. Mental Illness Stigma and Help‐Seeking Attitudes of Students With Immigrant Parents. JOURNAL OF COLLEGE COUNSELING 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jocc.12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danna Bismar
- Department of Psychology University of North Texas
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Rao VN, Anantharaman Rajeshwari R, Rajagopal R, Normen M. Inception of a pediatric cancer caregiver support group guided by parental needs. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2021; 5:e1469. [PMID: 34096196 PMCID: PMC9199508 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survivorship in childhood cancers has steadily improved and increased the need for caregivers to provide a longer duration of care both in the hospital and at home. Involving parents and caregivers to voice their unmet needs could significantly impact and direct the institution of support groups. AIMS To ascertain the need for a pediatric caregiver support group based on a survey that explored the unmet needs of caregivers of children with cancer. METHODS Caregivers of pediatric patients (n = 17) undergoing treatment at the hospital were requested to complete our Pediatric Caregiver Psycho-social Needs Survey. The survey encompassed questions on different aspects of caregiving and the caveats felt by the caregivers. The needs were categorized into seven main domains (physical, emotional, family-related issues, spiritual, social, logistics, and information) that focused on understanding the importance and the perceived level of professional support that was expected. The data was analyzed using SPSS. RESULTS The most often reported needs were (i) emotional concerns with the majority reporting fear (58.8%), (ii) logistics-related needs for play/art-based activities (58.8%), (iii) informational needs focusing on understanding diagnosis/prognosis (47.1%), side-effects of treatment and physical changes (41.2%). Family-related needs escalated when caregivers (23.5%) looked after other ill family members at home. Caregivers (23.5%) also reported Spiritual concerns suggesting the need for religious/spiritual support in the hospital. Majority of caregivers (82.4%) expressed interest to be part of a pediatric caregiver support group. However, professional support sought for was much lesser compared to the percentage of needs/concerns expressed. CONCLUSION Our study highlighted the unmet needs of caregivers which included emotional, logistics-related needs, and concerns about information. Hence, the goal is to provide a unified platform through a support group that holistically can address needs and empower caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasudha N Rao
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Cytecare Cancer Hospitals, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Revathi Rajagopal
- Department of Psycho-oncology, HCG Cancer Hospitals, Bangalore, India
| | - Michelle Normen
- Department of Psycho-oncology Services, Cytecare Cancer Hospitals, Bangalore, India
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Lokhee S, Hogg RC. Depression, stress and self-stigma towards seeking psychological help in veterinary students. Aust Vet J 2021; 99:309-317. [PMID: 33880748 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Previous research indicates that the prevalence of depression among veterinarians and veterinary students is high. Although self-stigma in seeking psychological help is reportedly elevated in veterinary students, its impact on mental health has been largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to compare the levels of study-related stress, depression symptoms and self-stigma in veterinary students with those of non-veterinary students, and examine whether stress and self-stigma positively predicted depression symptoms in veterinary students. A total of 287 veterinary students and 317 non-veterinary students from Australian universities completed an online questionnaire measuring study-related stress, self-stigma and depression symptoms. Results showed that veterinary students reported significantly higher levels of stress and self-stigma than non-veterinary students, but there was no significant difference between veterinary and non-veterinary students in depression symptoms. Multiple regression analysis indicated that stress and self-stigma both predicted depression symptoms in veterinary students. These findings suggest that reducing stress and help-seeking self-stigma in veterinary students may be important in improving their wellbeing levels. These findings are important in developing a whole-of-career life course approach to understanding the professional and psychological experiences of veterinarians.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lokhee
- School of Psychology, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, 2751, Australia
| | - R C Hogg
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Business, Justice and Behavioural Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, 2678, Australia
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20
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Bani M, Zorzi F, Corrias D, Strepparava M. Reducing psychological distress and improving students well-being and academic self-efficacy: the effectiveness of a cognitive university counselling service for clinical and non-clinical situations. BRITISH JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE & COUNSELLING 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/03069885.2020.1840512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano – Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Federico Zorzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Deborah Corrias
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano – Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Strepparava
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano – Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Department of Mental Health, ASST Monza, Monza, Italy
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21
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Zanon C, Brenner RE, Baptista MN, Vogel DL, Rubin M, Al-Darmaki FR, Gonçalves M, Heath PJ, Liao HY, Mackenzie CS, Topkaya N, Wade NG, Zlati A. Examining the Dimensionality, Reliability, and Invariance of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale–21 (DASS-21) Across Eight Countries. Assessment 2020; 28:1531-1544. [DOI: 10.1177/1073191119887449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the dimensionality, invariance, and reliability of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale–21 (DASS-21) within and across Brazil, Canada, Hong Kong, Romania, Taiwan, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, and the United States ( N = 2,580) in college student samples. We used confirmatory factor analyses to compare the fit of four different factor structures of the DASS-21: a unidimensional model, a three-correlated-factors model, a higher order model, and a bifactor model. The bifactor model, with three specific factors (depression, anxiety, and stress) and one general factor (general distress), presented the best fit within each country. We also calculated ancillary bifactor indices of model-based dimensionality of the DASS-21 and model-based reliability to further examine the validity of the composite total and subscale scores and the use of unidimensional modeling. Results suggested the DASS-21 can be used as a unidimensional scale. Finally, measurement invariance of the best fitting model was tested across countries indicating configural invariance. The traditional three-correlated-factors model presented scalar invariance across Canada, Hong Kong, Romania, Taiwan, and the United States. Overall, these analyses indicate that the DASS-21 would best be used as a general score of distress rather than three separate factors of depression, anxiety, and stress, in the countries studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Zanon
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Mark Rubin
- The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alina Zlati
- Open Minds–Center for Mental Health Research, Cluj Napoca, Romania
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22
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Bird MD, Chow GM, Meir G, Freeman J. The Influence of Stigma on College Students' Attitudes Toward Online Video Counseling and Face‐to‐Face Counseling. JOURNAL OF COLLEGE COUNSELING 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jocc.12141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Bird
- Department of Educational Psychology and Learning SystemsFlorida State University
| | - Graig M. Chow
- Department of Educational Psychology and Learning SystemsFlorida State University
| | - Gily Meir
- Department of Educational Psychology and Learning SystemsFlorida State University
| | - Jaison Freeman
- Department of Educational Psychology and Learning SystemsFlorida State University
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23
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The Relationships Among Self-Compassion, Stigma, and Attitudes Toward Counseling in Student-Athletes. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL SPORT PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1123/jcsp.2018-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Although factors involved with help-seeking have been widely studied in the general college population, college student-athletes have received less attention. The purpose of this study was to examine the moderating role of self-compassion on the relationship between public and self-stigma, and how self-stigma was associated with attitudes toward seeking counseling. A sample of 243 student-athletes from NCAA Divisions I and III participated in the study. Using structural equation modeling, self-compassion was not found to moderate the relationship between public and self-stigma. However, public stigma was positively associated with self-stigma, and self-stigma was negatively associated with attitudes toward counseling. A multigroup analysis did not find differences between males and females for the model. The results of this study have implications for professionals who work with college student-athletes and suggest that efforts should aim to reduce stigma and examine alternative factors that might improve attitudes toward mental health help-seeking.
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24
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Kim PY, Yon KJ. Stigma, Loss of Face, and Help-Seeking Attitudes Among South Korean College Students. COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGIST 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0011000019872790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated empirical associations between others’ stigma regarding seeking psychological help (predictor), self-stigma regarding seeking help (mediator), loss of face concerns (moderator), and professional help-seeking attitudes (outcome) among 485 South Korean college students. We also explored the dimensionality of close others’ stigma and public stigma using a bifactor analysis. We recruited participants from several universities in South Korea. They completed an online survey containing demographic questions and study measures. Bifactor analysis results indicated that close others’ stigma and public stigma may be better treated as a unidimensional construct (i.e., others’ stigma). Mediation and moderated mediation analyses indicated that others’ stigma predicted self-stigma, which in turn predicted help-seeking attitudes. Furthermore, this mediation model was moderated by loss of face, in that as loss of face increased, the negative indirect effect of others’ stigma on help-seeking attitudes through self-stigma became weaker. We discuss implications for research and practice.
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25
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Goode J, Swift JK. An empirical examination of stigma toward mental health problems and psychotherapy use in Veterans and active duty service members. MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/08995605.2019.1630231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Goode
- Department of Psychology, Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho
| | - Joshua K. Swift
- Department of Psychology, Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho
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McArthur ML, Matthew SM, Brand CPB, Andrews J, Fawcett A, Hazel S. Cross-sectional analysis of veterinary student coping strategies and stigma in seeking psychological help. Vet Rec 2019; 184:709. [PMID: 30878950 DOI: 10.1136/vr.105042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Veterinary education can result in high levels of academic stressors for students. Students are also susceptible to non-academic stressors, including relationship issues and financial concerns. These can all result in mental ill health, which may impair the student's ability to complete their studies and go on to a successful professional career. Finding and using strategies early on to help alleviate mental health problems is critical to successful management of these problems, but seeking help may be impeded by the stigma associated with mental health problems. Using a cross-sectional online survey of a sample of Australian veterinary students, the aim of the current study was to investigate the type and frequency of their coping strategies as well as to explore relationships between self-stigma and coping strategies. Female veterinary students reported more use of instrumental and emotional support as coping strategies, while male veterinary students demonstrated more use of humour. Self-stigma was related to less instrumental support, greater self-blame and gender, while males who employed more humour as a coping strategy reported more self-stigma. Improving the coping strategies of veterinary students and reducing the self-stigma surrounding mental ill health is important to improve the wellbeing and resilience of the veterinary profession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L McArthur
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia
| | - Susan M Matthew
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Conor P B Brand
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jena Andrews
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia
| | - Anne Fawcett
- Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Susan Hazel
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia
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27
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Vally Z, Cody BL, Albloshi MA, Alsheraifi SNM. Public stigma and attitudes toward psychological help-seeking in the United Arab Emirates: The mediational role of self-stigma. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2018; 54:571-579. [PMID: 29667204 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Scholars argue that public stigma is predictive of self-stigma, and self-stigma is a primary predictor of attitudes toward seeking psychological help (ATPH). This assertion remains undetermined outside of the United States. This study examines a potential mediational model in which internalized stigma was hypothesized to mediate the relationship between public stigma and ATPH using a sample in the United Arab Emirates. DESIGN AND METHODS Cross-sectional, correlational design; 114 students completed measures of public stigma, self-stigma, and ATPH. FINDINGS Full mediation occurred. The sample exhibited high levels of both public stigma and self-stigma. Psychology students manifested diminished levels of stigma and more favorable ATPH. Results are discussed in relation to the prevalent cultural and contextual factors. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Stigma reduction campaigns in this locale should target internalized stigma and its associated socio-cultural nuances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahir Vally
- Department of Psychology and Counseling, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Brettjet L Cody
- Department of Psychology and Counseling, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Maryam A Albloshi
- Department of Psychology and Counseling, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Safeya N M Alsheraifi
- Department of Psychology and Counseling, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
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28
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Vally Z, Cody BL, Alsheraifi SNM, Albloshi MA. A comparative description of perceived stress and coping strategies among psychology and nonpsychology students in the United Arab Emirates. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2018; 54:539-546. [PMID: 29450881 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study describes perceived stress and coping strategies as they occur within a college-aged population from an Arab background. Variables were compared between psychology students and their peers from other faculties. DESIGN AND METHODS A cross-sectional, correlational design was used for this study. A total of 114 students completed the Brief COPE questionnaire, the Perceived Stress Scale, and a measure of our own design to assess sources of psychosocial support. FINDINGS The complete sample engaged in help-seeking behavior, though distinct differences between groups were evident. Perceived stress was pervasive. Students employed a range of coping strategies but showed a clear preference for emotion-focused strategies. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Training institutions carry the responsibility for developing supportive interventions to promote students' throughput, and ensure the graduation of competent and ethically sound clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahir Vally
- Department of Psychology and Counseling, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Brettjet L Cody
- Department of Psychology and Counseling, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Safeya N M Alsheraifi
- Department of Psychology and Counseling, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maryam A Albloshi
- Department of Psychology and Counseling, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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DeBate RD, Gatto A, Rafal G. The Effects of Stigma on Determinants of Mental Health Help-Seeking Behaviors Among Male College Students: An Application of the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model. Am J Mens Health 2018; 12:1286-1296. [PMID: 29749301 PMCID: PMC6142134 DOI: 10.1177/1557988318773656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Considered a public health issue, the prevalence and severity of poor mental well-being on college campuses has continued to rise. While many college campuses offer mental health counseling services, and utilization rates are increasing, their proportional usage is low especially among males, who often deal with poor mental well-being by adopting unhealthy coping strategies. The purpose of this study was to use the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) model to assess the relationship between the determinants as factors that may impact help-seeking behaviors in a large sample (n = 1,242) of male college students. Employing a cross-sectional study design, a 71-item online survey assessed information via total mental health literacy (MHL), motivation via attitudes toward mental health and subjective norms regarding mental health, and behavioral skills via intentions regarding help-seeking behaviors, and stigma. Results revealed correlations between information and motivation (r = .363, p < .01), information and behavioral skills (r = .166, p < .01), and motivation and behavioral skills (r = .399, p < .01). Multiple regression was used to determine stigma is a mediator for all relationships. These findings represent an opportunity to take a public health approach to male mental health through developing multilayered interventions that address information, motivation, behavioral skills, and stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy Gatto
- 2 Center for Student Well-Being, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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Rafal G, Gatto A, DeBate R. Mental health literacy, stigma, and help-seeking behaviors among male college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2018; 66:284-291. [PMID: 29419361 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2018.1434780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mental health literacy (MHL) is low in college-aged men potentially resulting in impaired mental wellbeing. This study assessed MHL, psychosocial determinants, and help-seeking behaviors among male university students. PARTICIPANTS Male undergraduate and graduate students were surveyed in Spring 2017 (n = 1,242) at a large southeastern university in the United States. METHODS Preexisting validated scales for MHL, psychosocial determinants, and help-seeking intention were used in measurement and demographic variables were collected. T-tests and one-way ANOVA were performed to measure differences between groups. RESULTS Participants showed low scores for all constructs with statistically significant differences between undergraduate and graduate students, as well as between races and major classifications. Undergraduate men had moderate MHL and low intentions to seek professional care. CONCLUSIONS Interventions focusing on increasing mental health knowledge and improving beliefs can improve MHL among male college students. Further, interventions should be tailored for racial groups and major classifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Rafal
- a Graduate Research Assistant, Master of Public Health Candidate, University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida , USA
| | - Amy Gatto
- b Prevention Coordinator, Center for Student Well-Being, University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida , USA
| | - Rita DeBate
- c Associate Vice-President Health & Wellness, Professor, College of Public Health, University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida , USA
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