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Beeler S, Renn T, Pettus C. "…he's going to be facing the same things that he faced prior to being locked up": perceptions of service needs for substance use disorders. HEALTH & JUSTICE 2023; 11:13. [PMID: 36862229 PMCID: PMC9979411 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-023-00213-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High rates of substance use disorders (SUDs) exist among justice-involved populations (i.e., persons incarcerated or recently released). SUD treatment is crucial for justice-involved populations as unmet treatment need increases reincarceration risk and impacts other behavioral health sequalae. A limited understanding of health needs (i.e. health literacy) can be one reason for unmet treatment needs. Social support is critical to seeking SUD treatment and post-incarceration outcomes. However, little is known about how social support partners understand and influence SUD service utilization among formerly incarcerated persons. METHODS This mixed method, exploratory study utilized data from a larger study comprised of formerly incarcerated men (n = 57) and their selected social support partners (n = 57) to identify how social support partners understand the service needs of their loved ones recently released from prison who returned to the community with a diagnosis of a SUD. Qualitative data included 87 semi-structured interviews with the social support partners covering post-release experiences with their formerly incarcerated loved one. Univariates were conducted on the quantitative service utilization data and demographics to complement the qualitative data. RESULTS Majority of the formerly incarcerated men identified as African American (91%) averaging 29 years of age (SD = 9.58). Most social support partners were a parent (49%). Qualitative analyses revealed that most social support partners avoided using or did not know the language to use regarding the formerly incarcerated person's SUD. Treatment needs were often attributed to focus on peer influences and spending more time at their residence/housing. Analyses did reveal that when treatment needs were recommended in the interviews, social support partners reported employment and education services to be most needed for the formerly incarcerated person. These findings align with the univariate analysis with their loved ones reporting employment (52%) and education (26%) as their most reported service utilized post-release, compared to only 4% using substance abuse treatment. CONCLUSION Results provide preliminary evidence suggesting social support partners do influence the types of services accessed by formerly incarcerated persons with SUD. The findings of this study emphasize the need for psychoeducation during and after incarceration for individuals with SUDs and their social support partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Beeler
- Jane Addams College of Social Work, University of Illinois Chicago, 1040 W Harrison St., 4420 ETMSW MC 309, Chicago, IL 60607 USA
| | - Tanya Renn
- College of Social Work, Institute for Justice Research and Development, Florida State University, 296 Champions Way, University Center, Building C - Suite 2500, Tallahassee, FL 32306-2570 USA
| | - Carrie Pettus
- Justice System Partners, South Easton, MA, United States
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Wilchek-Aviad Y, Oren L. Linking minority stress to substance abuse in LGB adults: the mediating effect of sexual harassment. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-10. [PMID: 36187903 PMCID: PMC9510283 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03636-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Employing a psychological mediation framework, the study investigated the interaction between minority stress and psychoactive substance abuse mediated by sexual harassment among LGB individuals. METHOD One hundred and forty-seven LGB individuals answered a questionnaire measuring internalized homophobia, concealment, discrimination, sexual harassment, and psychoactive substance abuse. Logistic hierarchical regression models were conducted to test the proposed relations and mediating hypotheses. FINDINGS Incidents of discrimination and internalized homophobia correlated with cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking. Sexual harassment was related to the use of cannabis and hard drugs. Sexual harassment mediated the relationships between the dimensions of minority stress and the use of cannabis and hard drugs. CONCLUSION Minority stress appears to be linked directly and indirectly, via sexual harassment, to the use of psychoactive substances by LGB individuals. Interventions addressing the prevention or mitigation of sexual harassment experienced by LGB individuals are likely to attenuate the negative effects of minority stress on their levels of substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lior Oren
- Department of Psychology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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Shroff A, Fassler J, Fox KR, Schleider JL. The impact of COVID-19 on U.S. adolescents: loss of basic needs and engagement in health risk behaviors. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022:1-11. [PMID: 35095242 PMCID: PMC8783170 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02411-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Across the United States, the COVID-19 pandemic created myriad challenges for youth and families, including losses of basic needs which may be associated with increased use of maladaptive coping behaviors. In a sample of 2491 U.S. youth (ages 13-16), demographic differences in loss of basic needs and maladaptive coping were assessed using regression models. More than 21% of adolescents endorsed losing one or more basic needs (e.g., loss of access to food or shelter) and 83% endorsed use of maladaptive coping strategies (e.g., using drugs or alcohol; self-harming behaviors) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although adolescents with both majority and minority identities reported losing basic needs and engaging in maladaptive coping behaviors, minoritized youth reported more basic needs losses (ps < 0.05) and greater reliance on maladaptive coping strategies (ps < .05) than their non-minoritized peers. Furthermore, adolescents who endorsed losing basic needs were more likely to also endorse engaging in maladaptive coping behaviors (p < .05). Healthcare providers and teachers must consider basic need losses while structuring emotional and behavioral supports for youth during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Shroff
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - Julia Fassler
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - Kathryn R. Fox
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO USA
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Semenza DC, Isom Scott DA, Grosholz JM, Jackson DB. Disentangling the health-crime relationship among adults: The role of healthcare access and health behaviors. Soc Sci Med 2020; 247:112800. [PMID: 32006755 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.112800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Semenza
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Criminal Justice, Rutgers University, Camden, USA.
| | - Deena A Isom Scott
- Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice and African American Studies Program, University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Jessica M Grosholz
- Department of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, University of South Florida, Sarasota-Manatee, USA
| | - Dylan B Jackson
- Department of Criminal Justice, University of Texas, San Antonio, USA
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Semenza DC, Grosholz JM. Mental and physical health in prison: how co-occurring conditions influence inmate misconduct. HEALTH & JUSTICE 2019; 7:1. [PMID: 30612284 PMCID: PMC6717981 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-018-0082-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has shown that inmate misconduct is related to a range of demographic factors and experiences with the criminal justice system. Poor mental and physical health has also been associated with inmate misconduct, although no research has examined the relationship between co-occurring conditions and misconduct in prison populations. METHODS We rely on data from the 2004 Survey of Inmates in State Correctional Facilities (N = 14,499) and use negative binomial regression models to examine the relationship between types of co-occurring mental and physical conditions and misconduct. RESULTS The results demonstrate that people in prison dealing with concurrent mental and physical health problems are significantly more likely to engage in prison misconduct than healthy incarcerated individuals. After accounting for physical and co-occurring health conditions, mental conditions are not associated with serious misconduct. CONCLUSIONS Enhancements in prison healthcare may not only improve the general health of those in prison, but also contribute to a decrease in misconduct. Research that examines the relationship between mental health and deviant behavior in and out of prison should consider the multifaceted elements of a person's health, including acute and chronic physical ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C. Semenza
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology, & Criminal Justice, Rutgers University, 405-7 Cooper Street, Camden, NJ 08102-1521 USA
| | - Jessica M. Grosholz
- College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, University of South Florida Sarasota-Manatee, Sarasota, FL USA
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DeLisi M, Angton A, Behnken MP, Kusow AM. Do adolescent drug users fare the worst? Onset type, juvenile delinquency, and criminal careers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2015; 59:180-195. [PMID: 24071557 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x13505426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Although substance abuse often accompanies delinquency and other forms of antisocial behavior, there is less scholarly agreement about the timing of substance use vis-à-vis an individual's antisocial trajectory. Similarly, although there is extraordinary evidence that onset is inversely related to the severity of the criminal career, there is surprisingly little research on the offense type of onset or the type of antisocial behavior that was displayed when an individual initiated his or her offending career. Drawing on data from a sample of serious adult criminal offenders (N = 500), the current study examined 12 forms of juvenile delinquency (murder, rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny, auto theft, arson, weapons, sexual offense, drug sales, and drug use) in addition to age at arrest onset, age, sex, race to explore their association with chronicity (total arrests), extreme chronicity (1 SD above the mean which was equivalent to 90 career arrests), and lambda (offending per year). The only onset offense type that was significantly associated with all criminal career outcomes was juvenile drug use. Additional research on the offense type of delinquent onset is needed to understand launching points of serious antisocial careers.
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N'Goran AA, Deline S, Henchoz Y, Baggio S, Studer J, Mohler-Kuo M, Gmel G. Association between nonmedical prescription drug use and health status among young Swiss men. J Adolesc Health 2014; 55:549-55. [PMID: 24856409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the relationship between the nonmedical prescription drug use (NMPDU) of six drug classes and health. METHODS Data on young adults males (mean age, 19.96 years) from the baseline and follow-up of the Cohort Study on Substance Use Risk Factors (C-SURF) were used (n = 4,958). Two sets of logistic regression models were fitted to examine the associations between NMPDU of opioid analgesics, sedatives or sleeping pills, anxiolytics, antidepressants, beta blockers and stimulants, and health status (assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study 12-Item Short Form Survey Instrument [SF-12 v2]). We first computed odds ratios between NMPDU at baseline and poor mental and physical health at follow-up, adjusting for poor mental or physical health at baseline. We then computed odds ratios between poor mental and physical health at baseline and NMPDU at follow-up, adjusting for NMPDU at baseline. RESULTS Three key findings regarding mental health were (1) there was a reciprocal risk between poor mental health and sedatives and anxiolytics; (2) poor mental health increased NMPDU of opioid analgesics and antidepressants but not vice versa; and (3) there were no associations with stimulants. Three key findings regarding physical health were (1) poor physical health increased the risk of NMPDU of anxiolytics; (2) the only reciprocal risk was between physical health and NMPDU of opioid analgesics; and (3) there were no associations with stimulants. CONCLUSION These results, among the first ever on reciprocal effects between NMPDU and mental and physical health status, give unique information concerning the adverse effects of NMPDU on health and vice versa. The study shows that NMPDU is not only a sign of self-medication but may induce health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra A N'Goran
- Alcohol Treatment Centre, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Stéphane Deline
- Alcohol Treatment Centre, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yves Henchoz
- Alcohol Treatment Centre, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Baggio
- Alcohol Treatment Centre, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joseph Studer
- Alcohol Treatment Centre, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Meichun Mohler-Kuo
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Gmel
- Alcohol Treatment Centre, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Bristol, United Kingdom; Addiction Switzerland, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Abstract
In recent years, prescription drug misuse has become a serious public health issue. A number of studies in this area have identified females to be at an increased risk for prescription drug misuse during adolescence. Guided by Agnew's general strain theory, the current research examined the relationship between prescription drug misuse and gender during adolescence. We used data from the 2010 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, a sample representative of the non-institutionalized population of the United States. Logistic regression models were estimated to examine the relationship between gender, prescription drug misuse, strain, and depression. The findings indicated that females were at an increased for prescription drug misuse. We also found support for general strain theory, as strain and depression were significantly related to prescription drug misuse. In addition, we found evidence that strain was gendered in that elements of general strain theory accounted for the relationship between prescription drug misuse and gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Ford
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
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