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Lee JM, Lee GH, Kim K. Attending veterinarians improve the research capability and psychological well-being of researchers in animal research institutes. Front Vet Sci 2024; 10:1340225. [PMID: 38249556 PMCID: PMC10797093 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1340225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of laboratory animals in biomedical research has significantly advanced scientific understanding, yet it raises ethical concerns about animal welfare and the mental health of researchers Recent research has highlighted the potential for stress and compassion fatigue among researchers working with distressed animals. Attending veterinarians (AVs) are crucial in mitigating the pain and stress experienced by animals and, by extension, researchers. However, the impact of AVs on researchers' psychological well-being remains understudied. This study explores how AVs contribute to researchers' research capability and psychological well-being in animal research institutions. AVs oversee animal housing, health, and welfare; their involvement is mandated or strongly recommended in developed countries. AVs enhance animal welfare by ensuring proper housing, nutrition, and social interaction. They monitor animal health, educate researchers on pain assessment, and promote compliance with post-surgical care. AVs also contribute to researchers' well-being by addressing euthanasia procedures, which can be emotionally challenging. Programs for rehoming animals after experiments offer an alternative to euthanasia and positively impact researchers' psychological well-being. Moreover, AVs promote workplace well-being by fostering positive workplace cultures, offering peer counseling, and providing social support. Programs considering animal welfare and researchers' emotions are crucial for a healthy research environment. In conclusion, AVs are essential in balancing scientific progress with animal welfare and researchers' psychological well-being. Therefore, their role should be recognized as vital in achieving social equity that considers the welfare of humans and laboratory animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Min Lee
- Research Ethics Team, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang-Hoon Lee
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - KilSoo Kim
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Veterinary Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Jin F, Li Y, Gao X, Yang X, Li T, Liu S, Wei Z, Li S, Mao N, Liu H, Cai W, Xu H, Zhang H. Exercise training inhibits macrophage-derived IL-17A-CXCL5-CXCR2 inflammatory axis to attenuate pulmonary fibrosis in mice exposed to silica. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 902:166443. [PMID: 37611700 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to crystalline silica leads to health effects beyond occupational silicosis. Exercise training's potential benefits on pulmonary diseases yield inconsistent outcomes. In this study, we utilized experimental silicotic mice subjected to exercise training and pharmacological interventions, including interleukin-17A (IL-17A) neutralizing antibody or clodronate liposome for macrophage depletion. Findings reveal exercise training's ability to mitigate silicosis progression in mice by suppressing scavenger receptor B (SRB)/NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathways. Macrophage-derived IL-17A emerges as primary source and trigger for silica-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. Exercise training effectively inhibits IL-17A-CXC motif chemokine ligand 5 (CXCL5)-Chemokine (C-X-C motif) Receptor 2 (CXCR2) axis in silicotic mice. Our study evidences exercise training's potential to reduce collagen deposition, preserve elastic fibers, slow pulmonary fibrosis advancement, and enhance pulmonary function post silica exposure by impeding macrophage-derived IL-17A-CXCL5-CXCR2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyu Jin
- School of Public Health, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Yaqian Li
- School of Public Health, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Xuemin Gao
- School of Public Health, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- School of Public Health, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Tian Li
- School of Public Health, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Shupeng Liu
- School of Public Health, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Zhongqiu Wei
- School of Public Health, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Shifeng Li
- School of Public Health, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Na Mao
- School of Public Health, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Heliang Liu
- School of Public Health, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China.
| | - Wenchen Cai
- School of Public Health, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China.
| | - Hong Xu
- School of Public Health, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China; Health Science Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China.
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Department of Physiology, Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Orhan C, Sahin E, Tuzcu M, Sahin N, Celik A, Ojalvo SP, Sylla S, Komorowski JR, Sahin K. Nicotinamide Riboside and Phycocyanin Oligopeptides Affect Stress Susceptibility in Chronic Corticosterone-Exposed Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1849. [PMID: 37891928 PMCID: PMC10604757 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide riboside (NR) is an NAD+ precursor capable of regulating mammalian cellular metabolism. Phycocyanin oligopeptide (PC), a phytonutrient found in blue-green algae, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study explored the effects of NR, PC, and their combination on the telomere length as well as inflammatory and antioxidant status of rats under chronic stress conditions (CS). Forty-nine rats were allocated into seven groups: control, chronic stress (CS), CS with NR (26.44 mg/kg), a low dose of 2.64 mg/kg of PC (PC-LD), or a high dose of 26.44 mg/kg PC (PC-HD), NR + PC-LD, and NR + PC-HF. The rats were given daily corticosterone injections (40 mg/kg) to induce stress conditions, or NR and PC were orally administered for 21 days. NR and PC supplementation, particularly NR plus PC, increased the serum antioxidant enzyme activities, hepatic nicotinamide adenine (NAD+) content, and telomere length (p < 0.001 for all) compared to the CS group. The levels of serum malondialdehyde (MDA), liver interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), IL-1β, and IL-8 were reduced under the CS condition (p < 0.001). In addition, CS decreased the levels of hepatic telomere-related proteins and sirtuins (SIRT1 and 3), whereas administration of NR and PC or their combination to CS-exposed rats increased the levels of telomere-related proteins (e.g., POT1b, TRF1 and TRF2), SIRT3 and NAMPT (p < 0.05). In conclusion, NR and PC, especially their combination, can alleviate metabolic abnormalities by enhancing hepatic cytokines, SIRT3, NAMPT, and NAD+ levels in CS-exposed rats. More research is needed to further elucidate the potential health effects of the combination of NR and PC in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cemal Orhan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey; (C.O.); (N.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Emre Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bingol University, Bingol 12000, Turkey;
| | - Mehmet Tuzcu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey;
| | - Nurhan Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey; (C.O.); (N.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Abdullah Celik
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey; (C.O.); (N.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Sara Perez Ojalvo
- Research and Development, Nutrition 21, Harrison, NY 10577, USA; (S.P.O.); (S.S.); (J.R.K.)
| | - Sarah Sylla
- Research and Development, Nutrition 21, Harrison, NY 10577, USA; (S.P.O.); (S.S.); (J.R.K.)
| | - James R. Komorowski
- Research and Development, Nutrition 21, Harrison, NY 10577, USA; (S.P.O.); (S.S.); (J.R.K.)
| | - Kazim Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey; (C.O.); (N.S.); (A.C.)
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Anderson A, Hobson‐West P. Animal research, ethical boundary-work, and the geographies of veterinary expertise. TRANSACTIONS (INSTITUTE OF BRITISH GEOGRAPHERS : 1965) 2023; 48:491-505. [PMID: 38505469 PMCID: PMC10946936 DOI: 10.1111/tran.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The veterinary profession has been relatively understudied in social science, though recent work has highlighted the geographic dimensions of veterinary expertise. This paper draws on in-depth qualitative interviews with Named Veterinary Surgeons (NVSs) working in UK animal research to demonstrate how and why they distinguish between ethical aspects of veterinary work in the spaces of the laboratory and general clinical practice. The paper mobilises the sociological concept of ethical boundary-work to help understand how animal research - often assumed to represent a contentious ethical space - is constructed positively as a space for veterinary work. Findings suggest first, that NVSs differentiate between laboratory veterinary-work and clinical work based on the scale at which veterinary expertise functions in the provision of healthcare to animals. Second, NVSs highlight a geography of veterinary authority in which veterinary expertise is felt to be more successfully applied in the laboratory compared with the clinic, where professional expertise competes with other sources of information and clients' finances and behaviours. Third, NVSs articulate a geography of consistency in which veterinary care in the laboratory is claimed to be more consistent between animals, as opposed to in the clinic, where animal experience may be influenced by individual owner characteristics. Overall, we show how through engaging in this kind of ethical boundary-work NVSs are not only presenting a form of scientific practice as 'ethical', they are also constructing a professional topology of veterinary practice and expertise. Finally, the paper argues for greater attentiveness to veterinary geographies beyond the more routine spaces of veterinary practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair Anderson
- School of Sociology and Social PolicyUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Pru Hobson‐West
- School of Sociology and Social PolicyUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
- School of Veterinary Medicine and ScienceUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
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Inan Yuksel E, Cicek D, Demir B, Sahin K, Tuzcu M, Orhan C, Ozercan IH, Sahin F, Kocak P, Yildirim M. Garlic Exosomes Promote Hair Growth Through the Wnt/β-catenin Pathway and Growth Factors. Cureus 2023; 15:e42142. [PMID: 37602007 PMCID: PMC10438139 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Exosomes are membrane-derived nanovesicles produced by cells and play an important role in intercellular communication. Objectives This study aimed to investigate the effects of garlic exosome (GE) on hair growth. Methods Forty-two Sprague-Dawley/Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into six groups: non-shaved control, shaved control, topical control, GE 2 mg, GE 4 mg, and topical GE. At the end of the experiment, the number of hair follicles, follicle diameter, and subcutaneous tissue thicknesses were measured histopathologically. The Wnt-1, β-catenin, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and collagen I levels were measured by the Western Blot method. Results The anagen follicle counts of the GE 2 mg, 4 mg, and topical GE groups were 66.57±15.49, 105.71±25.06, and 55.29±6.72, and were significantly higher than the control groups (p<0.01, p<0.001 and p<0.05, respectively). The follicle diameter of the GE 4 mg group was higher than the others (p<0.05). The Wnt-1, PDGF, VEGF, TGF-β1, and collagen I levels of all GE groups, and the β-catenin levels of the GE 4 mg and topical GE groups were significantly higher than the control groups (p<0.05). Conclusion GE induces hair growth in rats via the Wnt-1, β-catenin, VEGF, PDGF, and TGF-β1 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esma Inan Yuksel
- Department of Dermatology, Biruni University Hospital, Istanbul, TUR
| | - Demet Cicek
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, TUR
| | - Betul Demir
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, TUR
| | - Kazim Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, TUR
| | - Mehmet Tuzcu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig, TUR
| | - Cemal Orhan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, TUR
| | | | - Fikrettin Sahin
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, TUR
| | - Pelin Kocak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul, TUR
| | - Merve Yildirim
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, TUR
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Mohr AJ, Chipangura JK, Fourie TA, Jardine K, Lewis DI. Life-long learning in laboratory animal science and ethics for veterinary and para-veterinary professionals in South Africa. J S Afr Vet Assoc 2023; 94:1-6. [PMID: 37358323 DOI: 10.36303/jsava.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Veterinary and para-veterinary professionals working in the animal research sector are critical to ensure scientific quality and the humane care and use of animals. However, there are few focused education and training opportunities available for these professionals in South Africa. A survey of veterinarians working in animal research, undertaken by the South African Association for Laboratory Animal Science, identified the need for more advanced education and training opportunities beyond the routine Day 1 Skills currently provided for in undergraduate education. These could be broadly categorised into knowledge and skills relating to species-specific husbandry, procedures and clinical approaches, research-related biosecurity and biosafety, and study-specific ethical and animal welfare considerations. A subsequent workshop, attended by 85 veterinary and para-veterinary professionals in the animal research sector, identified 53 life-long learning needs, each with an associated learning outcome, for this professional community. These were grouped into five overarching themes: Personal development (9); Leadership and management skills (12); Education and training skills (5); Welfare, ethics and clinical skills (20); and Regulations and quality-assurance (7). Of the 53 learning outcomes, 14 were knowledge-based, ten were competencies, and 29 both knowledge and competence. These life-long learning opportunities, if available and implemented, will address important needs of veterinary and paraveterinary professionals in the animal research sector in South Africa. This would empower these professionals, assist in improving animal and human wellbeing, support high-quality ethical science, and maintain public confidence in the sector, thus enabling a more satisfactory career environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Mohr
- Centre for Animal Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa and Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa and Scientific Veterinary Consulting Inc., South Africa
| | - J K Chipangura
- Centre for Animal Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - T A Fourie
- LAS Veterinary Consultancy, South Africa
| | - K Jardine
- Wits Research Animal Facility, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
| | - D I Lewis
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
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7
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Inan Yuksel E, Demir B, Cicek D, Sahin K, Tuzcu M, Orhan C, Calik I, Sahin F. Sodium pentaborate pentahydrate promotes hair growth through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and growth factors. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 73:127007. [PMID: 35623224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Boron (B) is an element involved in many physiological processes in humans and accelerates wound healing and increases angiogenesis. This study aimed to evaluate the possible effects of sodium pentaborate pentahydrate (NaB) on hair growth and reveal its effects on Wnt-1, β-catenin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signaling pathways, which are important molecular mechanisms involved in hair growth. METHODS Thirty-five Sprague-Dawley/Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into five groups: non-shaved control, shaved control, NaB 1 mg (shaved + NaB 1 mg elemental B/kg CA), NaB 2 mg (shaved + NaB 2 mg elemental B/kg CA), and NaB 4 mg (shaved + NaB 4 mg elemental B/kg CA). Hair density was measured using the trichoscopy method. Dorsal skin samples were examined histopathologically at the end of the 42nd day, and follicle count, follicle diameter, and subcutaneous tissue thickness were recorded. Wnt-1, β-catenin, PDGF, VEGF, TGF-β1, and collagen I levels were analyzed with the Western blot method. RESULTS In trichoscopy measurements, hair density increased in the NaB 4 mg group (90.9%). In histopathological examination, anagen follicles were observed to increase in the NaB 1 mg and 2 mg groups (p < 0.05). Follicle diameter increased in all NaB groups (p < 0.05). The Wnt-1, β-catenin, PDGF, VEGF, TGF-β1, and collagen I level increased in the NaB 1 mg and 2 mg groups (p < 0.05), but they were similar in the NaB 4 mg group compared to the control groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION NaB 1 and 2 mg B/kg supplementation induces the anagen phase in rats via Wnt-1, β-catenin, VEGF, PDGF, and TGF-β1 signaling pathways. NaB 4 mg B/kg suppresses these pathways and adversely affects hair growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esma Inan Yuksel
- Department of Dermatology, Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Betul Demir
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Demet Cicek
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Kazim Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tuzcu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Cemal Orhan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ilknur Calik
- Department of Pathology, Firat University Faculty of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Fikrettin Sahin
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Hedenqvist P, Baumans V, Hanai K, Yano K, Yeom SC, Song EJ, Devan SRK, Klein HJ, Bailey MM. Toward Global Harmonization of Training and Certification of Specialists in Laboratory Animal Veterinary Medicine. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2022; 61:15-20. [PMID: 34879899 PMCID: PMC8786378 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-21-000044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory animal medicine (LAM) is a corner stone of animal-based research and has been a veterinary specialty for over 60 y. Today 5 Colleges of LAM (American, European, Japanese, Korean, and Indian) that certify specialists (Diplomates) in LAM are members of the International Association of Colleges of LAM (IACLAM). Goals of IACLAM are to support the development of new Colleges of LAM, to harmonize expectations for the knowledge and skills of newly certified LAM Diplomate, and to harmonize the standards (best practices) for training and examination of candidates among the member Colleges. IACLAM recently conducted an in-depth review and comparison of oversight, training, credentialing, and examination standards in the 5 Colleges as part of an initiative to create a framework for harmonization and consistency for these activities across the 5 Colleges. The process has led to an agreement on recommendations for knowledge and skill requirements for a newly certified Diplomate, as described by each College in a detailed role delineation document (RDD). The RDD is based on task analyses of the work responsibilities of laboratory animal veterinary Diplomates. This agreement is an important step toward the goal of global harmonization of LAM Diplomate training. Further efforts are planned for areas such as training, research, publication, and examination. This paper describes the role and content of the RDD and lists the differences and similarities among the RDDs of 5 Colleges of LAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Hedenqvist
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agriculture, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vera Baumans
- Department Population Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Koji Hanai
- Department of Experimental Animals, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, Japan
| | - Kazuo Yano
- Joint Graduate School of Tokyo Women’s Medical University and Waseda University, Cooperative Major in Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Su Cheong Yeom
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Green and Institute of Green BioScience and Technology, Seoul Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Eun Ju Song
- Department of Veterinary Physiology Gwanak-gu, Seoul Korea (the Republic of) Seoul National University, Republic of Seoul Korea
| | - Shakthi RK Devan
- Veterinary Sciences and Comparative Medicine, Syngene International, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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9
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Anderson A, Hobson-West P. "Refugees from practice"? Exploring why some vets move from the clinic to the laboratory. Vet Rec 2022; 190:e773. [PMID: 34382692 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Named veterinary surgeons (NVSs) are a mandated presence in licensed animal research establishments in the UK. Some NVSs come into their laboratory roles having left general veterinary practice, which is currently facing significant recruitment and retention challenges. Understanding the factors that motivate veterinary professionals to move from practice to laboratory roles provides insight into the issues underlying recruitment and retention challenges in veterinary practice. METHODS Qualitative semi-structured interviews with 33 NVSs were conducted in-person or over the telephone. The interviews were transcribed, anonymised and analysed using an inductive approach. RESULTS Participants' accounts of their career trajectories generally emphasised push factors motivating them to leave practice, rather than pull factors to move into a laboratory role: Indeed, many participants recalled originally having little knowledge of the NVS role upon discovering it. The push factors recounted by interviewees strongly reflect the factors identified in recent research into recruitment and retention in the veterinary profession, such as business concerns and poor work-life balance. CONCLUSION This study shows that laboratory animal work is often considered by NVSs as more manageable or fulfilling than practice work. To improve retention, the push factors identified by NVSs should be addressed in practice management and veterinary pedagogy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair Anderson
- School of Sociology and Social Policy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Pru Hobson-West
- School of Sociology and Social Policy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Berset Convenor FWGOFACM, Caristo ME, Ferrara F, Hardy P, Oropeza-Moe M, Waters R. Federation of European Laboratory Animal Science Associations recommendations of best practices for the health management of ruminants and pigs used for scientific and educational purposes. Lab Anim 2020; 55:117-128. [PMID: 32772790 PMCID: PMC8044623 DOI: 10.1177/0023677220944461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Most ruminants and pigs used for scientific and educational aims are bred not for these purposes but in a farm environment. Given the wide range of diseases that these species might have, ensuring that the animals' health status is appropriate can be complex and challenging. The Federation of European Laboratory Animal Science Associations has previously published recommendations for the health monitoring of experimental colonies of pigs (1998) and, respectively, calves, sheep and goats (2000). Unfortunately, the uptake of those recommendations was poor and insufficiently reported in scientific publications. These new recommendations for best practice focus on the main species of ruminants (cattle, sheep and goats) and pigs. They provide general and specific information helpful for designing a health management programme for the suppliers and for the user establishments, as well as guidance on animal procurement. Critical thinking based on the fields of use of the animals is promoted, aiming to help in taking informed decisions rather than establishing an exhaustive exclusion list for pathogens. Implementing the best health and welfare management practices should be done under the guidance of a competent attending veterinarian, with expertise and sufficient authority to take the appropriate action, doubled by excellent communication skills. It is strongly recommended that the user establishment's veterinarian works in close collaboration with the supplier's veterinarian.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Patrick Hardy
- Veterinary and Professional Services, Allentown France, France
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11
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Bayne K, Turner PV. Animal Welfare Standards and International Collaborations. ILAR J 2020; 60:86-94. [PMID: 30624646 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ily024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Globalization of the biomedical research enterprise is occurring at an accelerating pace. Increasingly, scientific collaborations and contracts cross national borders. Assurance that the caliber of animal research and animal welfare are consistent among countries and that such animal use is done in a humane and conscientious manner is of significant concern to the scientific community, the general public, and other stakeholders. Bridging these international collaborations is a clear scientific imperative for statistical validity of the data and reproducibility of results to ensure the animal use is both meaningful and impactful. One way to mitigate the potential confounding effects that the welfare of the animals may have on the research data is to harmonize animal care and use practices and procedures worldwide. By harmonizing the care and use of animals, using high standards that are internationally accepted, research animal welfare and high-quality science will be achieved.
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Skeberdytė A, Sarapinienė I, Krasko JA, Barakauskienė A, Žilionytė K, Prokarenkaitė R, Sužiedėlis K, Bukelskienė V, Jarmalaitė S. Salinomycin and dichloroacetate synergistically inhibit Lewis lung carcinoma cell proliferation, tumor growth and metastasis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 523:874-879. [PMID: 31955885 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.12.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Drug combination is considered to be the cornerstone of cancer treatment. Simultaneous administration of two or more drugs but at lower doses not only increases cytotoxic effects on tumor cells, but also reduces side effects and possibly overcomes drug resistance. Salinomycin is a well-known cancer stem cell killer, and dichloroacetate is a pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibitor that exclusively targets cells with altered mitochondrial activity, a characteristic being common to most of the cancer cells. In our recent study, we have demonstrated that salinomycin exerted a cytotoxic effect on colorectal carcinoma cells in the 2D and 3D cultures and provided evidence that the mechanism of their synergy was mediated by dichloroacetate-dependent inhibition of the activity of multidrug resistance proteins. In the current work, we confirmed the synergistic cytotoxic properties of salinomycin and dichloroacetate in the 2D and 3D cultures of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC1) cells. To verify if a synergistic effect of these compounds persisted in vivo, we performed series of experiments using a syngeneic LLC1-C57BL/6 mouse model and demonstrated that combination therapy with salinomycin and DCA increased the survival rate of allografted mice, inhibited metastatic site formation and reduced the populations of cancer stem cells as well as cells that underwent the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Our results demonstrate that a synergistic effect of salinomycin and dichloroacetate exists not only in vitro but also in vivo and suggest their benefits in the treatment of metastatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aistė Skeberdytė
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10222, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Ieva Sarapinienė
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukilėlių pr. 15, LT-50162, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | | | | | - Karolina Žilionytė
- National Cancer Institute, Santariškių g. 1, LT-08660, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | | | - Virginija Bukelskienė
- Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10223, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Sonata Jarmalaitė
- National Cancer Institute, Santariškių g. 1, LT-08660, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Iatridou D, Saunders J, Bravo A. Reply to "Response to Iatridou et al, 'Mapping the Teaching of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine in the European Union and the European Free Trade Area'" by A. Brønstad and P. Glerup. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION 2019; 46:274-275. [PMID: 31460846 DOI: 10.3138/jvme.2019-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
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Brønstad A, Glerup P. Response to Iatridou et al, "Mapping the Teaching of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine in the European Union and European Free Trade Area". JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION 2018; 46:3. [PMID: 30802145 DOI: 10.3138/jvme.0818-095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Brønstad
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Peter Glerup
- ESLAV Board, Zealand Pharma A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Importance of Welfare and Ethics Competence Regarding Animals Kept for Scientific Purposes to Veterinary Students in Australia and New Zealand. Vet Sci 2018; 5:vetsci5030066. [PMID: 30011903 PMCID: PMC6163741 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci5030066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Veterinarians are in a strong position of social influence on animal-related issues. Hence, veterinary schools have an opportunity to raise animal health and welfare standards by improving veterinary students’ animal welfare and ethics (AWE) education, including that related to animals used for scientific purposes. A survey of 818 students in the early, mid, and senior stages of their courses at all eight veterinary schools across Australia and New Zealand was undertaken on their first day of practice (or Day One Competences) to explore how veterinary students viewed the importance of their competence in the management of welfare and ethical decision-making relating to animals kept for scientific purposes. From highest to lowest, the rankings they assigned were: Animal Ethics Committee (AEC) Procedures or Requirements; 3Rs (Replacement, Refinement and Reduction); Humane Endpoints; Euthanasia; “What Is a Research Animal?”; and Conscientious Objections. Female students rated Conscientious Objections, Humane Endpoints, and Euthanasia significantly higher than male students did across the three stages of study. The score patterns for these three variates showed a trend for the male students to be more likely to score these topics as extremely important as they advanced through the course, but female students’ scores tended to decline slightly or stay relatively stable. No gender differences emerged for the three variates: 3Rs (Replacement, Refinement and Reduction); AEC Procedures or Requirements; and “What Is a Research Animal?”. This study demonstrates that understandings of the regulatory and normative frameworks are considered most important in animal welfare and ethics competence in veterinary students. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to investigate what importance veterinary students place on their competence regarding animals kept for scientific purposes.
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Iatridou D, Nagy Z, De Briyne N, Saunders J, Bravo A. Mapping the Teaching of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine in the European Union and European Free Trade Area. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION 2018; 45:556-566. [PMID: 29897315 DOI: 10.3138/jvme.0117-009r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Developing a common market and allowing free movement of goods, services, and people is one of the main objectives of the European Union (EU) and the European Free Trade Area. In the field of scientific research, Directive 2010/63/EU on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes aims to improve the welfare of laboratory animals by following the principle of the 3Rs (replacement, reduction, and refinement). Each breeder, supplier, and user must appoint a designated veterinarian to advise on the well-being and treatment of the animals. In our report we investigate how the undergraduate veterinary curriculum prepares future veterinarians for the role of designated veterinarian, by analyzing data from 77 European veterinary education establishments. Over 80% of them provide training in laboratory animal science and medicine in their curriculum. All countries in the EU and the European Free Trade Area, having national veterinary schools, include such training in the curriculum of at least one of their establishments. Laboratory animal science and medicine courses can be obligatory or elective and are often part of more than one subject in the veterinary curricula. Post-graduate courses or programs are available at more than 50% of those veterinary schools. Most authorities in the European region consider graduate veterinarians ready to seek the role as designated veterinarian immediately after graduation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Iatridou
- Federation of Veterinarians of Europe (FVE)
- General Secretary, Veterinary Continuous Education in Europe (VETCEE)
- Avenue de Tervueren 12, 1040 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Zsuzsanna Nagy
- European Association of Establishments for Veterinary Education (EAEVE). Hietzinger Kai 87, 1130 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nancy De Briyne
- Federation of Veterinarians of Europe (FVE) Avenue de Tervueren 12, 1040 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jimmy Saunders
- EBVS
- Department of Medical Imaging of Domestic Animals and Orthopaedics of Small Animals. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Ana Bravo
- EAEVE
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences. Veterinary Faculty in Lugo. University of Santiago de Compostela. 27002 Lugo, Spain
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Grignaschi G, Redaelli V, Luzi F, Fornasier M. The Bodies in Charge of Animal Welfare: What They Do and What They Could Do? Front Physiol 2018; 9:391. [PMID: 29719512 PMCID: PMC5913347 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The coming into force of the 2010/63/EU (Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2010)1 Standard, regarding the protection of animals used for scientific purposes, has made it mandatory for all establishments breeding, supplying, and using said animals to have an Animal Welfare Body (AWB). The establishment of a body such as the AWB represents a strong innovation compared to previous regulations (Dir. 86/609/CEE). Building from the key concept of the 3 Rs, European Community legislators acknowledged that the effective safeguard of animal welfare depends in large part on the professional skills of personnel in charge of their care and use. The European Community legislators therefore identify a body inside the institution that houses the animals and entrust it with the task to stimulate and support the practical implementation of the 3 Rs, by informing on technical and scientific developments on the application of said principle and the subsequent training and follow-up training of personnel. The functions assigned by the Standard to the AWB therefore focus on technical-scientific support: to supply advice to personnel in charge of animals concerning their welfare, matters relating to their acquisition, housing, care, and use, and to their integration/adoption (rehoming) at the end of their use. This approach is also emphasized by vesting the AWB with the responsibility to define and review internal monitoring and communication procedures pertaining to the welfare of the animals housed in the establishment, and to follow their development and the outcome of research projects concerning the effects produced on the animals used, supplying advice on activities that could result in possible improvements. Aware of the complexity and sensitivity of the role assigned to the AWB, and of the difficulty to put into practice the directions subject matter of the Standard, The European Commission, in the years following the issue of the Directive, appointed groups of experts with the task to formulate guidelines which would be beneficial both to the establishments and to control authorities of the various Member States and guarantee the implementation of effective and to control authorities of the various Member States and guarantee the implementation of effective and harmonized solutions. (National Competent Authorities for the implementation of Directive 2010/63/EU, http://ec.europa.eu/environment/chemicals/lab_animals/pubs_guidance_en.htm)2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliano Grignaschi
- Animal Care Unit, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Redaelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Luzi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Guillén J, Prins JB, Howard B, Degryse AD, Gyger M. The European Framework on Research Animal Welfare Regulations and Guidelines. Lab Anim 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-849880-4.00005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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