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Chaplin E, McCarthy J, Ali S, Marshall-Tate K, Xenitidis K, Harvey D, Childs J, Srivastava S, McKinnon I, Robinson L, Allely CS, Hardy S, Tolchard B, Forrester A. Severe mental illness, common mental disorders, and neurodevelopmental conditions amongst 9088 lower court attendees in London, UK. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:551. [PMID: 35962427 PMCID: PMC9373383 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04150-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Court Mental Health Liaison and Diversion Services (CMHLDS) have developed in some countries as a response to the over-representation of mental illness and other vulnerabilities amongst defendants presenting to criminal justice (or correctional) systems. This study examined the characteristics and rates of mental disorder of 9088 defendants referred to CMHLDS. METHOD The study analysed service level data, obtained from the National Health Service's mental health data set, to examine characteristics relating to gender, ethnicity and comorbidity of common mental and neurodevelopmental disorders at five CMHLDS across London between September 2015 and April 2017. RESULTS The sample included 7186 males (79.1%) and 1719 females (18.9%), the gender of 183 (2%) were not recorded. Of those referred, 6616 (72.8%) presented with an identifiable mental disorder and 503 (5.5%) with a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD). Significantly higher rates of schizophrenia were reported amongst Black defendants (n = 681; 37.2%) and Asian defendants (n = 315; 29%), while higher rates of depression were found amongst White defendants (n = 1007; 22.1%). Substance misuse was reported amongst 2813 defendants (31%), and alcohol misuse amongst 2111 (23.2%), with significantly high rates of substance and alcohol misuse amongst defendants presenting with schizophrenia or personality disorder. CONCLUSIONS This is one of the largest studies to examine mental health needs and vulnerabilities amongst defendants presenting to CMHLDS. It will enable an improved understanding of the required service designs and resources required to manage the healthcare pathways for people attending CMHLDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddie Chaplin
- Institute of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London, UK.
| | - Jane McCarthy
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764University of Auckland, New Zealand & Visiting Senior Lecturer, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Salma Ali
- grid.4756.00000 0001 2112 2291Institute of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London, UK
| | - Karina Marshall-Tate
- grid.4756.00000 0001 2112 2291Institute of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London, UK ,South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Denise Harvey
- grid.4756.00000 0001 2112 2291Institute of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London, UK
| | - Jessica Childs
- grid.4756.00000 0001 2112 2291Institute of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London, UK ,Together for Mental Wellbeing, London, UK
| | | | - Iain McKinnon
- grid.1006.70000 0001 0462 7212Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Louise Robinson
- grid.5379.80000000121662407Manchester University, Manchester, UK
| | - Clare S. Allely
- grid.8752.80000 0004 0460 5971Reader in Forensic Psychology at the University of Salford, Manchester, UK ,grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Affiliate member of the Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre at Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden ,grid.8756.c0000 0001 2193 314XHonorary Research Fellow in the College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences affiliated to the Institute of Health and Wellbeing at the University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sally Hardy
- grid.8273.e0000 0001 1092 7967University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Barry Tolchard
- grid.26597.3f0000 0001 2325 1783Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Andrew Forrester
- grid.5600.30000 0001 0807 5670Forensic Psychiatry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Ryland H, Exworthy T, Forrester A. Over 30 years of liaison and diversion in England and Wales: How far have we come, and what is now needed? MEDICINE, SCIENCE, AND THE LAW 2022; 62:85-87. [PMID: 35373643 DOI: 10.1177/00258024221092711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Howard Ryland
- Senior Clinical Researcher, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Lane, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Tim Exworthy
- Visiting Senior Lecturer, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF
- Consultant Forensic Psychiatrist, Cygnet Hospital Stevenage, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 4YS
| | - Andrew Forrester
- Professor of Forensic Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Haydn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF244HQ
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