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Raman D, Filho E. The relationship between T7-Fz alpha coherence and peak performance in self-paced sports: a meta-analytical review. Exp Brain Res 2024; 242:1253-1265. [PMID: 38691137 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-024-06833-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
We examined whether the alpha-band coherence between the T7-Fz (verbal analytical-motor planning) brain areas were related to superior performance in sports. We searched for related papers across eight databases: ProQuest Central, ProQuest Psychology Journals, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science using relevant keywords (i.e., EEG AND sports AND coherence). Seven studies, with a total of 194 participants, met our inclusion criteria and were shortlisted for statistical analysis. We compared EEG coherence data for both within-subject and between-subject experimental designs. Our analysis revealed that athletes had lower coherence in the T7-Fz brain pathway for alpha- band activation (Hedges' g = - 0.54; p = 0.03) when performing better. Theoretically, these results corroborate the notion that athletes become more "neurally efficient" as the verbal and motor areas of their brains function more independently, i.e., the neural efficiency hypothesis. Accordingly, athletes who can limit verbal interference are more likely to perform a sporting task successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruv Raman
- Performance Recovery and Optimization Lab, Wheelock College of Education and Human Development, Boston University, 2 Silber Way, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Edson Filho
- Performance Recovery and Optimization Lab, Wheelock College of Education and Human Development, Boston University, 2 Silber Way, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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Dirik HB, Ertan H. Hemispheric synchronization patterns linked with shooting performance in archers. Behav Brain Res 2024; 460:114813. [PMID: 38110123 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable attention, effective visual-spatial perception, and motor control skills are considered highly important for achieving superior athletic performance. The aim of the current study was to investigate hemispheric synchronization patterns of brain electrical activation related to successful and unsuccessful shots of archers using electroencephalography (EEG). This study involved 16 elite archers, each shooting 36 arrows. The 10 shots closest to the target's center were successful, while the 10 farthest shots were unsuccessful. The transformed EEG data, obtained through surface Laplacian filtering, were divided into 5 sub-bands (theta, alpha1, alpha2, beta1, beta2) by calculating the alpha peak frequencies. The synchronization values of the electrode pairs were calculated using the Phase Locking Value (PLV) method. To compare the EEG data for successful and unsuccessful shots in all frequency bands, the linear mixed models were fitted. Perceived fatigue levels were quantified using a visual analog scale (VAS). Spearman's correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between fatigue and shooting performance. The results showed significantly higher coupling strength for C3-O1, C4-O2, O1-O2, F3-F4, C4-T8, T7-O2, F4-C4, C3-O2 and F4-T8 pairs during successful shooting. Moreover, the coupling strengths for F3-O2, F4-T7, C3-C4, C3-T8, T7-T8, C4-O1, F3-T8, and F4-O2 were significantly higher in unsuccessful shooting. The current findings revealed differences in the synchronization patterns associated with shooting performance. It is observed that visual-motor performance is correlated with an increase in cortical synchronization values during successful shots. These findings have the potential to serve as a theoretical reference that contributes to superior performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Batuhan Dirik
- Eskisehir Technical University, Department of Movement and Training Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Eskisehir, TURKEY.
| | - Hayri Ertan
- Eskisehir Technical University, Department of Movement and Training Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Eskisehir, TURKEY
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Cheng MY, Wang KP, Doppelmayr M, Steinberg F, Hung TM, Lu C, Tan YY, Hatfield B. QEEG markers of superior shooting performance in skilled marksmen: An investigation of cortical activity on psychomotor efficiency hypothesis. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2023; 65:102320. [PMID: 37665825 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
For elite performers, psychomotor behavior's success or failure can be traced to differences in brain dynamics. The psychomotor efficiency hypothesis suggests refined cortical activity through 1) selective activation of task-relevant processes and 2) inhibition of non-essential processes. The use of electroencephalography (EEG) has been applied to investigate psychomotor performance's neural processes. The EEG markers that reflect an elevation of psychomotor efficiency include left temporal alpha (T3 alpha), frontal midline theta (Fm theta), sensorimotor rhythm (SMR), and the coherence between frontal and left temporal regions. However, the relationship between elite performers' task-relevant and non-essential neural processes is still not well understood. Therefore, this study aimed to explore how each task-relevant and inhibition of non-essential processes contribute to superior psychomotor behavior. Thirty-five highly skilled marksmen were recruited to perform 30 shots in the shooting task while the EEG was recorded. The marksmen were divided into two groups (superior & inferior) based on a median split of shooting performance. The superior group exhibited higher accuracy and precision, with a reduction in movement jerk. EEG measures revealed that the superior group exhibited higher SMR before the trigger pull than the inferior group. In addition, the superior group demonstrated reduced Fz-T3 coherence in their bull's eye shots than the missed shots. These results suggest that the superior group exhibited less effortful engagement of task-relevant processes and lower interference from non-essential cortical regions than the inferior group. The study's overall findings support the psychomotor efficiency hypothesis. When comparing highly skilled performers, the slight differences in brain dynamics ultimately contribute to the success or failure of psychomotor performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yang Cheng
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, No. 48 Xinxi Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Kuo-Pin Wang
- Center for Cognitive Interaction Technology (CITEC), Bielefeld University, Inspiration 1, 33619, Bielefeld, Germany; Neurocognition and Action - Biomechanics Research Group, Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Michael Doppelmayr
- Institute of Sports Science, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Albert Schweitzerstr. 22, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Fabian Steinberg
- School of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, 112 Long Field house, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA; Institute of Sports Science, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Albert Schweitzerstr. 22, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tsung-Min Hung
- Department of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, No.162, Sec. 1, Heping E. Rd., Da an Dist., Taipei, 106, Taiwan; Institute for Research Excellence in Learning Science, National Taiwan Normal University, No.162, Sec. 1, Heping E. Rd., Da an Dist., Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Calvin Lu
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland at College Park 4200 Valley Dr, College Park, MD, 20742, USA; University of Maryland. Department of Veterans Affairs, War Related Illness and Injury Study Center (WRIISC), Washington, DC, 20422, USA
| | - Ying Ying Tan
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland at College Park 4200 Valley Dr, College Park, MD, 20742, USA; Neuroscience and Cognitive Sciences Program, University of Maryland at College Park 4090 Union Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
| | - Bradley Hatfield
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland at College Park 4200 Valley Dr, College Park, MD, 20742, USA; Neuroscience and Cognitive Sciences Program, University of Maryland at College Park 4090 Union Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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Bazgir B, Shamseddini A, Hogg JA, Ghadiri F, Bahmani M, Diekfuss JA. Is cognitive control of perception and action via attentional focus moderated by motor imagery? BMC Psychol 2023; 11:12. [PMID: 36647147 PMCID: PMC9841651 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01047-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Motor imagery (MI) has emerged as an individual factor that may modulate the effects of attentional focus on motor skill performance. In this study, we investigated whether global MI, as well as its components (i.e., kinesthetic MI, internal visual MI, and external visual MI) moderate the effect of attentional focus on performance in a group of ninety-two young adult novice air-pistol shooters (age: M = 21.87, SD = 2.54). After completing the movement imagery questionnaire-3 (MIQ-3), participants were asked to complete a pistol shooting experiment in three different attentional focus conditions: (1) No focus instruction condition (control condition with no verbal instruction) (2) an internal focus instruction condition, and (3) an external focus condition. Shot accuracy, performance time, and aiming trace speed (i.e., stability of hold or weapon stability) were measured as the performance variables. Results revealed that shot accuracy was significantly poorer during internal relative to control focus condition. In addition, performance time was significantly higher during external relative to both control and internal condition. However, neither global MI, nor its subscales, moderated the effects of attentional focus on performance. This study supports the importance of attentional focus for perceptual and motor performance, yet global MI and its modalities/perspectives did not moderate pistol shooting performance. This study suggests that perception and action are cognitively controlled by attentional mechanisms, but not motor imagery. Future research with complementary assessment modalities is warranted to extend the present findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Bazgir
- grid.411521.20000 0000 9975 294XExercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Shamseddini
- grid.411521.20000 0000 9975 294XExercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jennifer A. Hogg
- grid.267303.30000 0000 9338 1949Department of Health and Human Performance, The University of Tennessee Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN USA
| | - Farhad Ghadiri
- grid.412265.60000 0004 0406 5813Department of Motor Behavior, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moslem Bahmani
- grid.411521.20000 0000 9975 294XExercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.412265.60000 0004 0406 5813Department of Motor Behavior, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jed A. Diekfuss
- Emory Sports Performance And Research Center (SPARC), Flowery Branch, GA USA ,grid.462222.20000 0004 0382 6932Emory Sports Medicine Center, Atlanta, GA USA ,grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
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Gu F, Gong A, Qu Y, Lu L, Shi Q, Fu Y. Brain Network Research of Skilled Shooters in the Shooting Preparation Stage under the Condition of Limited Sensory Function. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12101373. [PMID: 36291306 PMCID: PMC9599685 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12101373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Shooting is a sport dominated by psychological factors. Hence, disturbing the shooter's sensory function during aiming will seriously affect his psychological state and shooting performance. Electroencephalograph (EEG) measurements of 30 skilled marksmen in the shooting preparation stage under noisy disturbance, weak light, and normal conditions were recorded. Therefore, the differences in neural mechanisms in the shooter's brain during shooting aiming in different disturbance conditions were explored using an analytical approach that employs functional connectivity and brain network analysis based on graph theory. The relationship between these brain network characteristics and shooting performance was also compared. The results showed that (1) the average connection strength in the beta frequency band and connection intensity in the left and right temporal lobes of the shooters under noise disturbance were significantly higher than those under the other two conditions, and their brain networks also showed a higher global and local efficiency. In addition, (2) the functional connection intensity in the occipital region of the beta band was higher than that in the normal condition in the weak-light condition. The information interaction in the left parietal region also increased continually during the shooting process. (3) Furthermore, the shooters' eigenvector centrality in the temporal and occipital regions with limited sensory function in the two conditions was lower than those in the normal condition. These findings suggest that noise disturbance activates the arousal level of the shooter's brain and enhances the information processing efficiency of the brain network; however, it increases the mental workload. In weak-light conditions, shooters focus more on visual information processing during aiming and strengthen the inhibition of functions in the brain regions unrelated to shooting behavior. Audiovisual disturbance renders the cortical regions equivalent to the audiovisual perception function in the shooter's brain less important in the entire brain network than in the normal condition. Therefore, these findings reveal the effect of audiovisual disturbance on the functional network of the cortex in the shooting preparation stage and provide a theoretical basis for further understanding the neural mechanism of the shooting process under sensory disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gu
- School of Information Engineering, Engineering University of People’s Armed Police, Xi’an 710086, China
| | - Anmin Gong
- School of Information Engineering, Engineering University of People’s Armed Police, Xi’an 710086, China
| | - Yi Qu
- School of Information Engineering, Engineering University of People’s Armed Police, Xi’an 710086, China
| | - Ling Lu
- School of Information Engineering, Engineering University of People’s Armed Police, Xi’an 710086, China
| | - Qidi Shi
- School of Automation and Information Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Yunfa Fu
- School of Automation and Information Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, China
- Correspondence:
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Kim Y, Kwon J, Yongtawee A, Woo J, Woo M. What Does Electroencephalography Coherence Tell Us about Memory Encoding in Adolescents at High Risk of Suicide? Psychopathology 2019; 52:265-270. [PMID: 31614360 DOI: 10.1159/000503374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is known to be closely related to depression, which is accompanied by cognitive decline. OBJECTIVE This study examined whether memory performance and cortical networking differ between high suicide risk and control groups depending on task difficulty. METHODS The participants were 28 high school students consisting of 14 suicide risk and 14 control subjects. Real-time electroencephalography signals were collected during a working memory task. Inter- and intrahemispheric coherences were analyzed. RESULTS Higher cortical networking during memory encoding was found in suicide risk adolescents compared to the control group. An increase in task difficulty heightened interhemispheric coherence. CONCLUSIONS Higher cortical networking in suicide risk adolescents seems to reflect activation of compensatory mechanisms in an attempt to minimize behavioral decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Kim
- Exercise Rehabilitation Convergence Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongeun Kwon
- School of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Atcharat Yongtawee
- School of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihwan Woo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjung Woo
- School of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea,
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Rifle Shooting Performance Correlates with Electroencephalogram Beta Rhythm Network Activity during Aiming. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2018; 2018:4097561. [PMID: 30534150 PMCID: PMC6252210 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4097561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To study the relationship between brain network and shooting performance during shooting aiming, we collected electroencephalogram (EEG) signals from 40 skilled shooters during rifle shooting and calculated the EEG functional coupling, functional brain network topology, and correlation coefficients between these EEG characteristics and shooting performance. Our result shows a significant negative correlation between shooting performance and functional coupling between the prefrontal, frontal, and temporal regions of the right brain in the Beta1 and Beta2 frequency bands. Global and local brain network topology characteristics were also significantly correlated with shooting performance. These findings indicate that under these experimental conditions, shooters with higher shooting performances exhibit lower functional coupling, higher global, and lower local information integration efficiency during shooting. These conclusions may provide a theoretical basis of the EEG brain network for studying the mental status of shooters while shooting.
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