Two-dimensional echocardiographic and color flow Doppler detection of an unusual pulmonary venous anomaly: anomalous right pulmonary venous return to the right atrium by way of three separate orifices

In this report, we describe the echocardiographic findings of a patient with anomalous right pulmonary venous return to the right atrium by way of three separate pulmonary vein orifices. The color flow Doppler examination was essential for identification of the pulmonary veins and their connection to the right atrium.

Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection to the azygous vein with intact atrial septum

A five-year-old girl with partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection to the azygous vein with intact atrial septum is reported. The clinical and roentgenographic features suggested the correct diagnosis. Surgical correction of this previously unreported defect was accomplished by creating an atrial septal defect and constructing a baffle to direct the blood flow from the azygous vein to the left atrium.

Anomalous pulmonary venous return into inferio vena cava and associated bronchovascular anomalies (the scimitar syndrome)

Among the different anatomical forms of anomalous pulmonary venous return, that of the inferior vena cava is of particular interest for the following reasons: the special radiological pattern which is referred to as the scimitar sign and the associated anomalies which often occur in the lungs. We have successfully operated on three¹ patients who are reported in this paper, and we have included a review of the literature.