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An overview of recent advances in insulin delivery and wearable technology for effective management of diabetes. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Larsen AT, Sonne N, Andreassen KV, Karsdal MA, Henriksen K. The Calcitonin Receptor Plays a Major Role in Glucose Regulation as a Function of Dual Amylin and Calcitonin Receptor Agonist Therapy. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 374:74-83. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.263392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Larsen AT, Sonne N, Andreassen KV, Karsdal MA, Henriksen K. Dose Frequency Optimization of the Dual Amylin and Calcitonin Receptor Agonist KBP-088: Long-Lasting Improvement in Food Preference and Body Weight Loss. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 373:269-278. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.263400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Khursheed R, Singh SK, Wadhwa S, Kapoor B, Gulati M, Kumar R, Ramanunny AK, Awasthi A, Dua K. Treatment strategies against diabetes: Success so far and challenges ahead. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 862:172625. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Wu X, Song Y, Li S, Liu X, Hua W, Wang K, Liu W, Li S, Zhang Y, Shao Z, Yang C. Pramlintide regulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and apoptosis through mitochondrial-dependent pathways in human nucleus pulposus cells. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2017; 31:394632017747500. [PMID: 29256292 PMCID: PMC5849218 DOI: 10.1177/0394632017747500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pramlintide, an approved analog of amylin, is responsible for regulating the physiology of energy homeostasis. The goals of this study were to investigate the roles of pramlintide in the regulation of cell survival and matrix metabolism, and further explore their underlying mechanisms, in human nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. NP cells were treated with different concentrations of pramlintide in normoxic or hypoxic conditions. Cell viability, LAC concentration, calcium concentration, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), MMPs proteins, and apoptotic related proteins were detected. The results indicate that pramlintide could improve NP cell proliferation, glycolytic activity, and the ECM synthesis under hypoxia, which is evident from the increased precipitation of proteoglycans; increased expression of AGG, Col2, and SOX9 proteins; and decreased expression of MMP3, MMP9, and MMP13 proteins, which are Ca2+-dependent enzymes. And, pramlintide could facilitate the survival of NP cells through mitochondrial-mediated, Bcl-2/caspase-3-dependent apoptosis. In addition, activation of AKT-AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway is also observed by the treatment. These findings demonstrate that pramlintide may play a pivotal role in reversing intervertebral disk degeneration and may relieve the impairment of ECM metabolism and NP cells survival through mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic signaling pathway, thus offering a novel potential pharmacological treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cao Yang
- Cao Yang, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and
Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China.
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Hjuler ST, Gydesen S, Andreassen KV, Karsdal MA, Henriksen K. The Dual Amylin- and Calcitonin-Receptor Agonist KBP-042 Works as Adjunct to Metformin on Fasting Hyperglycemia and HbA1c in a Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017; 362:24-30. [PMID: 28438778 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.241281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
KBP-042 is a dual amylin and calcitonin receptor agonist that increases glucose tolerance and insulin action and reduces body weight in rat models of obesity and prediabetes. The objective of the present study was to 1) evaluate KBP-042 as a treatment of late-stage type 2 diabetes in a rat model and 2) assess the value of adding KBP-042 to the standard of care, metformin, to consider KBP-042 as a relevant drug for treating patients with type 2 diabetes. Two studies were included: an intervention study and a prevention study. In the intervention study, treatment with 5 µg/kg KBP-042 was initiated in 11-week-old Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, in which glucose tolerance, fasting glycemia, and glycated hemoglobin were assessed after 4 weeks. In the prevention study, either metformin (400 mg/kg), KBP-042 (5 µg/kg), or a combination of both were administered to ZDF rats for a total of 9 weeks. Glycemia, glucose tolerance, and insulin tolerance were tested. Furthermore, fasting plasma insulin and glucagon levels were evaluated. Finally, pancreatic content of insulin was assessed as a surrogate marker of beta-cell mass. It was found that KBP-042 was efficient in lowering fasting plasma glucose as well as improving glucose tolerance, both as prevention and intervention of disease progression. Furthermore, KBP-042 was efficient in combination with metformin and had additional effects compared with either therapy alone. In conclusion, KBP-042 is a highly relevant therapeutic candidate against type 2 diabetes, effective both as an add-on therapy to metformin and as a stand-alone therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara T Hjuler
- Department of Musculoskeletal Diseases, Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Sofie Gydesen
- Department of Musculoskeletal Diseases, Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Kim V Andreassen
- Department of Musculoskeletal Diseases, Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Morten A Karsdal
- Department of Musculoskeletal Diseases, Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Kim Henriksen
- Department of Musculoskeletal Diseases, Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark
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Wu X, Wang K, Hua W, Li S, Liu X, Liu W, Song Y, Zhang Y, Shao Z, Yang C. Down-regulation of islet amyloid polypeptide expression induces death of human annulus fibrosus cells via mitochondrial and death receptor pathways. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:1479-1491. [PMID: 28433710 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) exerts its biological effects by participating in the regulation of glucose metabolism and cell apoptosis. The main goal of the present study was to investigate the expression of IAPP in degenerated intervertebral disc tissue and IAPP's modulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) catabolic and anabolic genes in human AF cells. We found that the expression of IAPP, the calcitonin receptor, and receptor activity modifying protein decreased considerably in AF cells during the progression of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Meanwhile, transfection with pLV-siIAPP decreased the expression of IAPP and its receptors and reduced glucose uptake and the expression of aggrecan, Col2A1, and BG. Down-regulation of IAPP also induced a significant increase in reactive oxygen species generation in AF cells, along with a decrease in matrix metalloproteinases and an increase in the concentration of cellular Ca2+, ultimately leading to death. Further analysis revealed that siIAPP intervention promoted the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, resulting in the activation of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9. In contrast, significantly decreased expression of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 was observed in AF cells transfected with pLV-IAPP. The concentrations of Fas and FasL proteins were significantly decreased in AF cells transfected with PLV-IAPP, while activation of the Fas/FasL system and cell death were induced by siIAPP intervention. Mechanistically, AMPK/Akt-mTOR signaling pathways were involved. In conclusion, down-regulation of IAPP expression induces the death of human AF cells via mitochondrial and death receptor pathways, potentially offering a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghuo Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wenbin Hua
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xianzhe Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yukun Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Cao Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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Monoconjugation of Human Amylin with Methylpolyethyleneglycol. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138803. [PMID: 26448437 PMCID: PMC4598023 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Amylin is a pancreatic hormone cosecreted with insulin that exerts unique roles in metabolism and glucose homeostasis. The therapeutic restoration of postprandial and basal amylin levels is highly desirable in diabetes mellitus. Protein conjugation with the biocompatible polymer polyethylene glycol (PEG) has been shown to extend the biological effects of biopharmaceuticals. We have designed a PEGylated human amylin by using the aminoreactive compound methoxylpolyethylene glycol succinimidyl carbonate (mPEGsc). The synthesis in organic solvent resulted in high yields of monoPEGylated human amylin, which showed large stability against aggregation, an 8 times increase in half-life in vivo compared to the non-conjugated amylin, and pharmacological activity as shown by modulation of cAMP production in MCF–7 cell line, decrease in glucagon and modulation of glycemia following subcutaneous administration in mice. Altogether these data reveal the potential use of PEGylated human amylin for the restoration of fasting amylin levels.
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Andreassen KV, Feigh M, Hjuler ST, Gydesen S, Henriksen JE, Beck-Nielsen H, Christiansen C, Karsdal MA, Henriksen K. A novel oral dual amylin and calcitonin receptor agonist (KBP-042) exerts antiobesity and antidiabetic effects in rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 307:E24-33. [PMID: 24801386 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00121.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated a novel oral dual amylin and calcitonin receptor agonist (DACRA), KBP-042, in head-to-head comparison with salmon calcitonin (sCT) with regard to in vitro receptor pharmacology, ex vivo pancreatic islet studies, and in vivo proof of concept studies in diet-induced obese (DIO) and Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. In vitro, KBP-042 demonstrated superior binding affinity and activation of amylin and calcitonin receptors, and ex vivo, KBP-042 exerted inhibitory action on stimulated insulin and glucagon release from isolated islets. In vivo, KBP-042 induced a superior and pronounced reduction in food intake in conjunction with a sustained pair-fed corrected weight loss in DIO rats. Concomitantly, KBP-042 improved glucose homeostasis and reduced hyperinsulinemia and hyperleptinemia in conjunction with enhanced insulin sensitivity. In ZDF rats, KBP-042 induced a superior attenuation of diabetic hyperglycemia and alleviated impaired glucose and insulin tolerance. Concomitantly, KBP-042 preserved insulinotropic and induced glucagonostatic action, ultimately preserving pancreatic insulin and glucagon content. In conclusion, oral KBP-042 is a novel DACRA, which exerts antiobesity and antidiabetic efficacy by dual modulation of insulin sensitivity and directly decelerating stress on the pancreatic α- and β-cells. These results could provide the basis for oral KBP-042 as a novel therapeutic agent in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Feigh
- Nordic Bioscience, Herlev, Denmark; and Diabetes Research Centre, Department of Endocrinology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | - Jan Erik Henriksen
- Diabetes Research Centre, Department of Endocrinology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Henning Beck-Nielsen
- Diabetes Research Centre, Department of Endocrinology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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