1
|
Ioku T, Watamura E. An experimental study of the process of felt understanding in intergroup relations: Japanese and Chinese relations in Japan. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13096. [PMID: 38849419 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63227-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
"Felt understanding" is a crucial determinant of positive interpersonal and intergroup relationships. However, the question of why felt understanding shapes intergroup relations has been neglected. In a pre-registered test of the process in intergroup relations with a sample from East Asia, we manipulated felt understanding (understood versus misunderstood by an outgroup) in an experimental study (N = 476). The results supported the expectation that felt understanding would lead to a more positive intergroup orientation and action intention. The results of parallel mediation analyses showed that felt understanding indirectly predicted intergroup outcomes through felt positive regard, intergroup overlap, and outgroup stereotypes. Furthermore, the results of post-hoc sequential mediation analyses indicated that felt understanding indirectly predicted intergroup outcomes sequentially through felt positive regard and intergroup overlap, followed by outgroup stereotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Ioku
- Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, 1-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Eiichiro Watamura
- Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, 1-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Martin CL, Xiao SX, DeLay D, Fabes RA, Hanish LD, Oswalt K. Differing gender diverse children have differing experiences with same- and other-gender peers. BRITISH JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38770761 DOI: 10.1111/bjdp.12500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
How gender diversity is exhibited varies: some individuals feel similar to the other gender; others experience little similarity to either gender, and some feel similar to both genders. For children, do these variations relate to differing relationships with peers? The goal was to assess whether a community sample of children (884, Mage = 9.04, SD = .90, 51% boys/1 transgender boy; 57% non-Latinx) with differing types of gender diversity have differing relationship experiences and beliefs about same- and other-gender peers. Gender diversity was determined by gender self-concepts (Both-Gender Similar, Cross-Gender Similar, Low-Gender Similar); these were compared among themselves and to gender-typical children (Own-Gender Similar). Results confirmed that children who exhibited differing gender diversity patterns varied in their peer experiences such that gender self-concept matching was found: Children who felt more similar to other-gender peers reported more contact and felt included and efficacious with other-gender peers; children who felt more similar to same-gender peers reported more contact and felt included and efficacious with same-gender peers. These findings suggest that children with two of the atypical patterns (i.e., Cross-Gender and Both-Gender) may experience social benefits that gender typical children do not. These findings illustrate the variability and strengths among gender diverse children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carol Lynn Martin
- Family and Human Development Program, T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Sonya Xinyue Xiao
- Department of Psychology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Dawn DeLay
- Family and Human Development Program, T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Richard A Fabes
- Family and Human Development Program, T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Laura D Hanish
- Family and Human Development Program, T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Krista Oswalt
- Family and Human Development Program, T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Baader M, Starmer C, Tufano F, Gächter S. Introducing IOS 11 as an extended interactive version of the 'Inclusion of Other in the Self' scale to estimate relationship closeness. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8901. [PMID: 38632305 PMCID: PMC11024120 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58042-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The study of relationship closeness has a long history in psychology and is currently expanding across the social sciences, including economics. Estimating relationship closeness requires appropriate tools. Here, we introduce and test a tool for estimating relationship closeness: 'IOS11'. The IOS11 scale has an 11-point response scale and is a refinement of the widely used Inclusion-of-Other-in-the-Self scale. Our tool has three key features. First, the IOS11 scale is easy to understand and administer. Second, we provide a portable, interactive interface for the IOS11 scale, which can be used in lab and online studies. Third, and crucially, based on within-participant correlations of 751 individuals, we demonstrate strong validity of the IOS11 scale in terms of representing features of relationships captured by a range of more complex survey instruments. Based on these correlations we find that the IOS11 scale outperforms the IOS scale and performs as well as the related Oneness scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malte Baader
- Department of Finance, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Chris Starmer
- School of Economics, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England
| | - Fabio Tufano
- School of Business, University of Leicester, Leicester, England.
| | - Simon Gächter
- School of Economics, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Caskie GIL, Bashian HM, Voelkner AR. Effects of Alzheimer's Diagnosis and Gender on Ageist Attitudes, Aging Anxiety, and Emotional Reactions to Older Adults. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2024; 64:gnad093. [PMID: 37436158 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnad093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES We investigated whether ageist attitudes, aging anxiety, and emotional reactions to older adults differ based on Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis, older adult gender, and participant gender, as well as their interactions. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Using an experimental design, 291 participants (176 men, 115 women; 19-55 years) were randomly assigned to read 1 of 4 descriptions of an older adult that varied cognitive health and gender. Measures of ageist attitudes, aging anxiety, and emotional reactions to the older adult were completed online. RESULTS Relative to a cognitively intact older adult, an older adult with AD evoked less ageist attitudes, less aging anxiety, more compassion, and less emotional distance. A significant interaction between older adult gender and participant gender indicated women felt greater emotional distance from an older adult man than an older adult woman, while men showed no significant difference. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS The more positive emotions and less ageist responses to an older adult with AD could present as paternalistic and diminish older adults' agency. Women may prioritize shared gender identity over age, which has implications for caregivers and health professionals working with older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace I L Caskie
- Department of Education & Human Services, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hannah M Bashian
- Department of Education & Human Services, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
- VA Boston Health Care System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Abigail R Voelkner
- Department of Education & Human Services, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Heitmann S, Reichardt R. Determinants of automatic age and race bias: ingroup-outgroup distinction salience moderates automatic evaluations of social groups. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1328775. [PMID: 38562233 PMCID: PMC10982430 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1328775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The present research investigates whether ingroup-outgroup distinction salience moderates automatic intergroup bias (i.e., more positive evaluations of ingroup targets relative to outgroup targets) toward multiply categorizable social targets. Methods In two experiments, we manipulated the salience of participants' social identity based on age vs. race, respectively. Afterwards, we measured automatic evaluations of social targets varying in age and race. Results Young White participants exhibited higher automatic race bias when their racial identity (i.e., White in contrast to Black) was salient. Conversely, they exhibited higher automatic age bias when their age identity (i.e., young in contrast to old) was salient. Discussion Going beyond previous research, we show that it is sufficient to direct participants' attention to their ingroup-identity in contrast to the respective outgroup to cause changes in automatic intergroup bias. This is important because it provides a strong test of the hypothesis that ingroup-outgroup distinction salience moderates automatic intergroup bias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Heitmann
- Schumpeter Center for Research on Socio-Economic Change, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Regina Reichardt
- Department of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Foust JL, Taber JM. Injunctive social norms and perceived message tailoring are associated with health information seeking. J Behav Med 2024; 47:1-14. [PMID: 37119363 PMCID: PMC10148588 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-023-00413-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Social norms messages may promote information seeking, especially when the norms refer to a group with which a person identifies. We hypothesized that tailored social norms messages would increase COVID-19 testing willingness and intentions. College students (n = 203, 75% female, 87% White) were randomly assigned to one of four conditions in a 2 (Descriptive norms: Relevant vs. Irrelevant to COVID-19 testing) x 2 (Tailoring: Specific vs. General group information) experimental design. Participants reported COVID-19 testing willingness and intentions, perceived injunctive norms, and identification and connectedness with the group in the message. Although neither the norm nor tailoring manipulation worked as intended, participants who perceived greater message tailoring and injunctive norms reported greater willingness and intentions, with no effect of perceived descriptive norms on either outcome. Tailored messages as well as messages promoting injunctive norms may promote information seeking across health contexts, thereby enabling more informed decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy L Foust
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA.
| | - Jennifer M Taber
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang XT(X, Miller G. Biracial Faces Offer Visual Cues of Successful Intergroup Contact: Genetic Admixture and Coalition Detection. EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 22:14747049241238623. [PMID: 38477637 PMCID: PMC10938625 DOI: 10.1177/14747049241238623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This research explores how biracial facial cues affect racial perception and social judgment. We tested a coalition-signaling hypothesis of biracial cues in two studies conducted in the United States (n = 227) and China (n = 116). From the perspective of intergroup and interpersonal relations theories in social psychology, biracial features would likely be perceived as cues of threat or resource competition. In contrast, we propose an evolutionary hypothesis that biracial facial cues reveal the ancestral history of intergroup alliances between members of two races or ethnic groups. When racial cues are mixed, we predict that biracial individuals may be viewed more positively than other-race or even own-race members who often compete for limited ingroup resources. The participants observed facial images that ranged from 100% Asian to 100% Caucasian, including morphed biracial composites of 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70% Caucasian or Asian. The participants evaluated each image regarding perceived Caucasianness (Asianness), attractiveness, trustworthiness, health, intelligence, and career prospects. The US and Chinese samples yielded a similar pattern of own-race bias in racial perception and biracial favoritism in social judgment. The social judgment ratings were not correlated with the racial perception scores and were independent of the sex of the participants or biracial images, indicating a coalitional motive, instead of a mating motive, underlying social perception of biracial individuals. Overall, the results suggest that biracial facial features signal a successful genetic admixture and coalition in parental generations and thus increase the trustworthiness and cooperative potential of a biracial person.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- XT (XiaoTian) Wang
- Applied Psychology Division, School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China
| | - Geoffrey Miller
- Psychology Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dyduch-Hazar K. Sadism in the context of intergroup aggression. Aggress Behav 2024; 50:e22128. [PMID: 38268391 DOI: 10.1002/ab.22128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
People more readily harm members of outgroups than ingroups, often enjoying the inflicted agony. Yet it remains unclear how these malevolent tendencies towards outgroups relate to sadism. Sadists often harm others, driven by a desire to feel pleasure from their suffering. In attempt to bridge these two lines of research, this work examined relationships between sadism and aggression against ingroup and outgroup members in three studies (total N = 755) that focused on two groups with a history of conflict (i.e., the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland). Across all studies, British participants' sadistic tendencies were just as strongly linked to their aggression against ingroup members (i.e., British partners) as to their aggression against outgroup members (i.e., Irish partners). Despite this lack of a preference for greater outgroup aggression, they tended to enjoy outgroup aggression more than ingroup aggression, especially at its extreme levels. These findings extend works linking sadism to aggression into the domain of intergroup relations and bind together research on sadism and intergroup schadenfreude.
Collapse
|
9
|
Bouquet CA, Belletier C, Monceau S, Chausse P, Croizet JC, Huguet P, Ferrand L. Joint action with human and robotic co-actors: Self-other integration is immune to the perceived humanness of the interacting partner. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2024; 77:70-89. [PMID: 36803063 DOI: 10.1177/17470218231158481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
When performing a joint action task, we automatically represent the action and/or task constraints of the co-actor with whom we are interacting. Current models suggest that, not only physical similarity, but also abstract, conceptual features shared between self and the interacting partner play a key role in the emergence of joint action effects. Across two experiments, we investigated the influence of the perceived humanness of a robotic agent on the extent to which we integrate the action of that agent into our own action/task representation, as indexed by the Joint Simon Effect (JSE). The presence (vs. absence) of a prior verbal interaction was used to manipulate robot's perceived humanness. In Experiment 1, using a within-participant design, we had participants perform the joint Go/No-go Simon task with two different robots. Before performing the joint task, one robot engaged in a verbal interaction with the participant and the other robot did not. In Experiment 2, we employed a between-participants design to contrast these two robot conditions as well as a human partner condition. In both experiments, a significant Simon effect emerged during joint action and its amplitude was not modulated by the humanness of the interacting partner. Experiment 2 further showed that the JSE obtained in robot conditions did not differ from that measured in the human partner condition. These findings contradict current theories of joint action mechanisms according to which perceived self-other similarity is a crucial determinant of self-other integration in shared task settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cédric A Bouquet
- CNRS, LAPSCO, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CNRS, CeRCA, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Clément Belletier
- CNRS, LAPSCO, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sophie Monceau
- CNRS, LAPSCO, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre Chausse
- CNRS, LAPSCO, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Pascal Huguet
- CNRS, LAPSCO, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ludovic Ferrand
- CNRS, LAPSCO, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Erentzen CA, Bergstrom VNZ, Zeng N, Chasteen AL. The gendered nature of Muslim and Christian stereotypes in the United States. GROUP PROCESSES & INTERGROUP RELATIONS 2023; 26:1726-1749. [PMID: 38021318 PMCID: PMC10665135 DOI: 10.1177/13684302221138036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite the increasing diversity of religious affiliations in the United States, little research has explored the nature and structure of religious stereotypes of Muslims in America. The present research explores the gendered dimensions of stereotypes of both Muslims and Christians, using a multimethod approach. In Study 1, participants engaged in visual representations of intersectional and superordinate identities using Venn diagrams and slider tasks. Study 2 elicited open trait listings for religious, gender, and intersectional groups, with the most common traits reported for each group. In a conceptual replication, Study 3 asked participants to rate each group for the applicability of the most common traits identified in Study 2. Across the three studies, we found clear and consistent support for intersectionality effects. Unique stereotypic traits were identified for each intersectional group that were not present in either religious or gender superordinate identity. Stereotypes of Christians as a superordinate group contained a balanced representation of Christian men and Christian women traits. In contrast, Muslim stereotypes were strongly influenced by androcentric assumptions, with approximately 80% of the traits ascribed to Muslims overlapping with those of Muslim men. In addition, Muslim women were rated as significantly different from both Muslims and Muslim men on all trait evaluations. This was not observed with Christians, who showed little differentiation by gender. This research provides a rare systematic analysis of the gendered nature of religious stereotypes of Christians and Muslims and contributes to the developing literature on intersectionality and prototypicality.
Collapse
|
11
|
She MHC, Sanfey AG. An experimental study of information transparency and social preferences on donation behaviors: the self-signaling model. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1258808. [PMID: 38022993 PMCID: PMC10667727 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1258808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Certain segments of the population reply on charitable or other non-governmental organizations as their main source of support, with these organizations largely funded by those in society who can afford to give. The present study investigated to what extent information transparency influences donation decisions, and whether specific preferences for charities influences information seeking behavior. We recruited 114 participants via Prolific and employed a binary online Dictator Game to address these two study objectives. The results showed that participants' actual donation behavior was not influenced by their charity preference or the level of information transparency. However, they were more prone to seek out additional information when deciding about the most preferred category of charity. These results raise important questions as to whether the perceived anonymity of online choices may differ from choices carried out in person.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minnie H. C. She
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Alan G. Sanfey
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mulvey KL, McGuire L, Mathews C, Hoffman AJ, Law F, Joy A, Hartstone-Rose A, Winterbottom M, Balkwill F, Fields G, Butler L, Burns K, Drews M, Rutland A. Preparing the Next Generation for STEM: Adolescent Profiles Encompassing Math and Science Motivation and Interpersonal Skills and Their Associations With Identity and Belonging. YOUTH & SOCIETY 2023; 55:1207-1230. [PMID: 37465694 PMCID: PMC10350726 DOI: 10.1177/0044118x221085296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) workers need both motivation and interpersonal skills in STEM disciplines. The aims of the study were to identify clusters of adolescents who vary in math and science motivation and interpersonal skills and to explore what factors are related to membership in a high math and science motivation and interpersonal skills cluster. Participants included 467 adolescents (312 female; Mage = 15.12 to SD = 1.71 year) recruited from out-of-school STEM programs in the US and UK. Findings from latent class analyses revealed four clusters, including a "High Math and Science Motivation and Interpersonal Skills" group, as well as groups that exhibited lower levels of either motivation or interpersonal skills. STEM program belonging, and STEM identity are related to membership in the high motivation and skills cluster. Findings provide insight into factors that may encourage motivation and interpersonal skills in adolescents, preparing them for STEM workforce entry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Karen Burns
- Virginia Aquarium & Marine Science Center, Virginia Beach, VA, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abuelaish I, Siddiqua A, Yousufzai SJ, Barakat C. Exploring the Influence of Perceived Ingroup and Outgroup Threat on Quality of Life in a Region Impacted by Protracted Conflict. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6599. [PMID: 37623182 PMCID: PMC10454123 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20166599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
While the detrimental effects of protracted political conflict on the wellbeing of Palestinians living in the occupied Palestinian territory (oPt) are generally recognized, the impact of perceived threat on quality of life (QoL) faced from within their community (ingroup; Palestinians) and from the outgroup (Israelis) is unexplored. This cross-sectional study examined the following: (1) The status of perceptions of QoL on four domains measured by the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQoL-Bref) instrument, physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environment, among Palestinian adults (n = 709) living in the Gaza Strip; (2) The associations between perceived ingroup threat (PIT) and QoL on the four domains; (3) The associations between perceived outgroup threat (POT) and QoL on the four domains. Multivariable linear regression models revealed PIT was negatively associated with QoL in each of the four domains (p < 0.001). POT was positively associated with QoL in three of the four domains: physical health (p < 0.001), psychological health (p < 0.001), and social relationships (p < 0.001). This study contributes valuable insights into how QoL is viewed by a group experiencing collective existential threat. The findings expand the limited recognition of the reciprocal roles of perceived threat from the ingroup and outgroup on the QoL of vulnerable populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izzeldin Abuelaish
- Global Health Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada;
| | - Ayesha Siddiqua
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada;
| | - Susan J. Yousufzai
- Global Health Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada;
| | - Caroline Barakat
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cruwys T, Lee GC, Robertson AM, Haslam C, Sterling N, Platow MJ, Williams E, Haslam SA, Walter ZC. Therapists who foster social identification build stronger therapeutic working alliance and have better client outcomes. Compr Psychiatry 2023; 124:152394. [PMID: 37216806 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2023.152394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For decades we have known that therapeutic working alliance is a key contributor to client engagement and positive outcomes in therapy. However, we have made little progress in narrowing down its determinants, which is critical in supporting trainees to optimize such alliance. We make a case for the value of incorporating social psychological frameworks into models of alliance and explore the role of social identity processes in the development of therapeutic alliance. METHOD Across two studies, over 500 psychotherapy clients completed validated measures of alliance, social identification with their therapist, positive therapy outcomes, and a range of client and therapist characteristics. FINDINGS Social identification strongly predicted alliance in both samples, whereas client and therapist characteristics showed few such associations. Alliance mediated the relationship between social identification and positive therapy outcomes. In addition, we found evidence that (a) personal control is a key psychological resource in therapy that arises from social identification, and (b) therapists who engage in identity leadership (i.e., who represent and build a social identity that they share with clients) are more likely to foster social identification and its downstream benefits. INTERPRETATION These data show that social identity processes are key to the emergence of working alliance. We conclude with a discussion of how recent social identity and identity leadership interventions might be adapted to train therapists in relevant identity-building skills.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tegan Cruwys
- School of Medicine and Psychology, 39 Science Rd, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601 Australia.
| | - Georgina C Lee
- School of Medicine and Psychology, 39 Science Rd, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Alysia M Robertson
- School of Medicine and Psychology, 39 Science Rd, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Catherine Haslam
- School of Psychology, McElwain Building, The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4067 Australia
| | - Nikola Sterling
- School of Psychology, McElwain Building, The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4067 Australia
| | - Michael J Platow
- School of Medicine and Psychology, 39 Science Rd, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Elyse Williams
- School of Psychology, McElwain Building, The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4067 Australia
| | - S Alexander Haslam
- School of Psychology, McElwain Building, The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4067 Australia
| | - Zoe C Walter
- School of Psychology, McElwain Building, The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4067 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yang H, Zhang Y, Lyu Y, Tang C. Group bias under uncertain environment: A perspective of third-party punishment. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2023; 237:103957. [PMID: 37329843 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.103957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Third-party punishment (TPP) effectively promotes social cooperation and maintains social norms in which equity plays a decisive role. When third-party and players are affiliated with different groups, there are two distinct phenomena-in-group favoritism (IGF) and black sheep effect (BSE)-in a certain environment. Equity loses its function as a benchmark when the environment is uncertain (de Kwaadsteniet et al., 2013). Thus, we hypothesized that individuals have a stronger IGF because there is more room for interpretations of their behaviors when an uncertain environment results in ambiguous social norms. We utilized a common resource dilemma (CRD) to manipulate the environmental uncertainty by varying the range of the resource size: a certain environment is represented by a resource size of fixed tokens (i.e., 500 tokens) and an uncertain one is represented by that of 300 to 700 tokens. Additionally, group affiliation is manipulated by the alumni relation between the third-party and players. The present study revealed that the uncertain environment led to stricter costly punishment. The experiment confirms the IGF rather than the BSE. We found boundary conditions between IGF and out-group derogation (OGD). When the players' harvest was not obviously violated, the size of TPP for a control group without group affiliation manipulation anchored those of the in-group and OGD occurred. Opposite, when the harvest was obviously violated, the size of TPP for the control group anchored those of the out-group and IGF occurred. The gender of the third-party affects its decision to punish, with men anchoring the control group's punishment to the in-group and showing OGD, whereas women anchoring the control group's punishment to the out-group and showing IGF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Yang
- School of Educational Science, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, 363000, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Applied Cognition & Personality, Minnan Normal University, Zhanzhou, Fujian, 363000, China.
| | - Yankai Zhang
- School of Educational Science, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, 363000, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Applied Cognition & Personality, Minnan Normal University, Zhanzhou, Fujian, 363000, China
| | - Yanru Lyu
- School of Educational Science, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, 363000, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Applied Cognition & Personality, Minnan Normal University, Zhanzhou, Fujian, 363000, China
| | - Chunmei Tang
- School of Educational Science, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, 363000, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Applied Cognition & Personality, Minnan Normal University, Zhanzhou, Fujian, 363000, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cruwys T, South EI, Halford WK, Murray JA, Fladerer MP. Measuring "we-ness" in couple relationships: A social identity approach. FAMILY PROCESS 2023; 62:795-817. [PMID: 36038954 PMCID: PMC10946554 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Research on couple relationships has increasingly focused on the concept of "we-ness", the subjective closeness of the couple bond, as crucial to predicting relationship outcomes including satisfaction and dissolution. However, diverging perspectives on the definition, terminology, and measurement of this concept persist. We drew upon social identity theorizing to clarify the nature of we-ness and investigate its predictive utility. Participants were 375 members of the general community in long-term intimate relationships. The sample were aged 18-74 (M = 37.22; SD = 12.00) and 69% were women. Participants completed seven measures of we-ness drawn from both the couple literature and the social identity literature. We used exploratory factor analyses to establish the latent structure of we-ness, and regression analyses to examine the utility of each we-ness factor in predicting relationship satisfaction and likelihood of dissolution. A four-factor solution was extracted and the factors were labeled couple identity, partner liking, relationship orientation, and partner similarity. Each of the four factors explained unique variance in relationship quality, with couple identity being most strongly associated with positive outcomes. We conclude that couple research can fruitfully draw upon social identity theorizing in conceptualizing we-ness. This has implications both for more effectively measuring key concepts and for more precisely targeting interventions in couple therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tegan Cruwys
- Research School of PsychologyAustralian National UniversityCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Erica I. South
- School of PsychologyUniversity of QueenslandSt LuciaQueenslandAustralia
| | | | - Judith A. Murray
- School of PsychologyUniversity of QueenslandSt LuciaQueenslandAustralia
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yan W, Huang C, Li C. Family and Relationship Quality among Young Adults with Different Sexual Orientations in Urban China: The Mediating Effects of Life Satisfaction and Self-Esteem. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2023; 60:689-703. [PMID: 36125856 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2022.2117772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the ambivalent effects of family on the close relationship quality of Chinese young adults. From a national estimate of the urban population across mainland China, 5,089 participants aged 20-39 were recruited for this study. A three-dimensional conceptualization was applied to identify three groups with different sexual orientations in this study. Group A comprised participants who identified as sexual minority people; Group B comprised participants who identified as heterosexuals but were not exclusively attracted to one sex and/or individuals who had had same-sex sexual experiences; Group C comprised participants who identified as heterosexuals. Groups A and B reported lower close relationship satisfaction and psychological well-being than Group C. Life satisfaction and self-esteem partially mediated the association between family and close relationship satisfaction for all groups. However, this relationship was weaker for Group B, and closeness to family benefitted Group B's life satisfaction to a lesser extent, indicating that the nuanced relationship with family influenced the sexual minority people with heterosexual identities. We recommend future directions and practices in local research and policy-making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University
| | - Chengshi Huang
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University
| | - Chengyan Li
- Department of Human Resource Management, Shanghai Normal University
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Szabó ZP, Diller SJ, Czibor A, Restás P, Jonas E, Frey D. “One of these things is not like the others”: The associations between dark triad personality traits, work attitudes, and work-related motivation. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2023.112098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
19
|
Davis B, Pechmann C. When Students Patronize Fast-Food Restaurants near School: The Effects of Identification with the Student Community, Social Activity Spaces and Social Liability Interventions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4511. [PMID: 36901521 PMCID: PMC10002251 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
US schools have fast-food restaurants nearby, encouraging student patronage, unhealthy consumption, and weight gain. Geographers have developed an activity space framework which suggests this nearby location effect will be moderated by whether people perceive the location as their activity space. Therefore, we study whether students perceive a fast-food restaurant near school as their activity space, and whether social marketing messages can change that perception. We conducted six studies: a secondary data analysis with 5986 students, a field experiment with 188 students, and four lab experiments with 188, 251, 178, and 379 students. We find that students who strongly identify with their student community patronize a fast-food restaurant near school (vs. farther away) because they view it as their activity space, while students who weakly identify do not. For example, in our field experiment, 44% vs. 7% of students who strongly identified with the student community patronized the near versus farther restaurant, while only 28% versus 19% of students who weakly identified patronized the near and farther restaurants comparably. We also find that to deter the strong identifiers, messages should convey that patronage is a social liability, e.g., portray student activism against fast food. We show that standard health messages do not change perceptions of restaurants as social activity spaces. Thus, to combat the problem of fast-food restaurants near schools causing unhealthy consumption, policy and educational interventions should focus on students who strongly identify with their student community and find ways to weaken their perceptions that fast-food restaurants near schools are their activity spaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brennan Davis
- Orfalea College of Business, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
| | - Cornelia Pechmann
- Paul Merage School of Business, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Protecting a Positive View of the Self: Female Gamers’ Strategic Self-Attribution of Stereotypes. SEX ROLES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-022-01343-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
21
|
Debrosse R. Playing to their strengths: Can focusing on typical in‐group strengths be detrimental to people of colour? EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
22
|
Vinnell LJ, Becker JS, Doyle EEH, Gray L. COVID-19 vaccine intentions in Aotearoa New Zealand: Behaviour, risk perceptions, and collective versus individual motivations. CURRENT RESEARCH IN ECOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 4:100082. [PMID: 36536877 PMCID: PMC9753451 DOI: 10.1016/j.cresp.2022.100082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The global SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic presents a pressing health challenge for all countries, including Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ). As of early 2022, NZ public health measures have reduced impacts of the pandemic, but ongoing efforts to limit illness and fatalities will be significantly aided by widescale uptake of available vaccines including COVID-19 booster doses. Decades of research have established a broad range of demographic, social, cognitive, and behavioural factors which influence peoples' uptake of vaccinations, including a large amount of research in the last two years focused on COVID-19 vaccination in particular. In this study, we surveyed people in New Zealand (N = 660) in May and June of 2021, at which point the vaccine had been made available to high-risk groups. We explored individual versus collective motivations, finding that people who were hesitant about COVID-19 vaccination scored lower on independent self-construals (how people define themselves) but higher on community identity, weaker but still positive perceived social norms, lower general risk of COVID-19 to New Zealanders and higher vaccine risk for both themselves and others, and lower response-efficacy both for personal and collective benefits. Overall, the findings suggest some benefit of collective over individual appeals, but that generally messaging to encourage vaccination should focus on conveying social norms, risk from COVID-19 broadly, and vaccine safety and efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J Vinnell
- Joint Centre for Disaster Research, Massey University, Wellington Campus, 94 Tasman Street, Mount Cook, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - Julia S Becker
- Joint Centre for Disaster Research, Massey University, Wellington Campus, 94 Tasman Street, Mount Cook, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - Emma E H Doyle
- Joint Centre for Disaster Research, Massey University, Wellington Campus, 94 Tasman Street, Mount Cook, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - Lesley Gray
- Joint Centre for Disaster Research, Massey University, Wellington Campus, 94 Tasman Street, Mount Cook, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
- Department of Primary Health Care and General Practice, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pauketat JV, Anthis JR. Predicting the moral consideration of artificial intelligences. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2022.107372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
24
|
Zhang Z, Su H, Li M, Zhao H, Qi C. Effects of Ingroup Identification on Ingroup Favouritism during Fairness Norm Enforcement. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:415. [PMID: 36354392 PMCID: PMC9687485 DOI: 10.3390/bs12110415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
People tend to voluntarily sacrifice their own interests to reject unfair proposals, and this behaviour is affected by group affiliation. While group bias is a well-established phenomenon, its direction is still unclear, and little attention has been given to possible moderating factors. In two studies, we manipulate participants' ingroup identification and investigate whether and how individuals with various levels of ingroup identification react differently to unfairness from ingroups and outgroups during an incentivized (Study 1, N = 46) and hypothetical (Study 2, N = 332) ultimatum game. The results show that participants display a strong preference for their own group. High identifiers tend to accept unfair proposals from ingroups compared to outgroups, whereas this effect is nonsignificant for low identifiers, especially for moderately unfair treatment (offer 7:3). Moreover, higher identification tends to be accompanied by higher ingroup positive expectation, which then leads to greater ingroup favouritism for an offer of 7:3. These results imply that ingroup identification can enhance group favouritism during fairness norm enforcement through ingroup positive expectation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Chunhui Qi
- Faculty of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Johnson JD, Edwards W, Pagliaro S, Lecci L. Sexualized Music Videos Desensitize Fijian Women to Intimate Partner Violence Suffering: The Mediating Role of Culpability Attributions. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP14787-NP14806. [PMID: 33980063 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211015260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although there is growing evidence that receiving positive emotional support (e.g., empathy) facilitates improved mental health outcomes among intimate partner violence (IPV) victims, there has been minimal exploration of factors that might undermine the likelihood of such supportive responses. The current study addressed this issue by examining whether exposure to sexualized music videos would affect IPV victim-directed empathic responding of third-party respondents. In a three-condition design, 243 female Fijian university students viewed sexualized, nonsexualized, or neutral music videos. They then read about a male-to-female IPV incident involving a university student victim who focused heavily on academic success and rated aspiration-related culpability and empathic responding for the victim. Relative to those who viewed neutral and nonsexualized videos, those who viewed the sexualized video reported less victim-directed empathy. Moreover, the impact of video type on empathy was mediated by aspiration-related culpability (i.e., the perception that the victim studied too much). The present research examined, in an understudied, patriarchal population (Fijian women) with an extremely high rate of IPV, how exposure to sexualized music videos can contribute to both greater blame and greater desensitization to the suffering of an IPV victim. The importance of studying third-party responders (bystanders) is that they may represent a fundamental resource for the victim, or by contrast, if they fail to respond empathically, they would be unsupportive to a victim. This provides some directions for facilitating social controls and decreasing social tolerance for harmful patriarchal beliefs and gender-based violence in the Pacific Region of the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Len Lecci
- University of North Carolina Wilmington, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Park J, Joshanloo M. Mediating and moderating effects of perceived social support on the relationship between discrimination and well-being: A study of South Koreans living in Japan. Front Psychol 2022; 13:922201. [PMID: 35967623 PMCID: PMC9366095 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.922201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the relationship between discrimination and mental wellbeing among South Korean residents (N = 181) in Japan. The roles of need for belonging (NTB) as a mediator and identification with one’s group as a moderator of this relationship were examined. Perceived social support was also examined as both a potential moderator and mediator. We also included a measure of perceived in-group inclusion in the host society, the Circle of Ingroup Inclusion (CII), to examine its influence on the relationship between discrimination and wellbeing. Three types of coping styles-active constructive coping, passive constructive coping, and destructive coping-were controlled for in the analysis. Results showed that participants’ educational level, socioeconomic status, and different coping styles predicted wellbeing; however, discrimination was the strongest (negative) predictor of wellbeing. Social support was both a moderator and mediator of the relationship between discrimination and wellbeing, suggesting that perceived social support not only buffers the negative effect of discrimination on wellbeing, but also partially explains the negative association between discrimination and wellbeing. NTB was not a significant mediator. Identification with one’s ethnic group and perceived membership in one’s group also did not affect the relationship. The results suggest that it is important to consider social support based on interpersonal relationships among members of minority groups in Japanese society. The psychological factors involved in acculturation processes may be different in different ethnic groups. This study calls for greater consideration of group-specific characteristics in understanding acculturation processes and interactions between groups in society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joonha Park
- Graduate School of Management, Nagoya University of Commerce and Business, Nagoya, Japan
- *Correspondence: Joonha Park,
| | - Mohsen Joshanloo
- Department of Psychology, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Díaz-Faes DA, Pereda N. Is There Such a Thing as a Hate Crime Paradigm? An Integrative Review of Bias-Motivated Violent Victimization and Offending, Its Effects and Underlying Mechanisms. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2022; 23:938-952. [PMID: 33357116 DOI: 10.1177/1524838020979694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite the growing number of bias-motivated violence studies, the evidence available remains limited, and there are several gaps in our understanding of the complex relationship between negative attitudes and biased violence. In addition, the literature on this topic has many facets and nuances and is often contradictory, so it is difficult to obtain a clear overall picture. Research has made good progress in this area, but it still suffers from a lack of systematization and from a highly segmented approach to victimization and offending. To contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the subject, this integrative narrative review provides a critical reappraisal of the theoretical, methodological, and empirical research from a systemic perspective. To this end, 134 academic publications on personality and social psychology, clinical psychology, sociology, criminology, and related disciplines were examined. The evidence suggests that although bias-motivated violence shares characteristics with other types of offensive behavior, it is actually a unique phenomenon due to its background rooted in prejudice, identity, and attitudes in which the intersection of individual, psychosocial, and ecological factors is especially relevant. The impact on the victim and their community is diverse, but it has a series of distinctive severe psychological consequences that significantly reduce the probability that incidents will be reported. Here, we present a series of findings and reflections on bias-motivated violence and provide recommendations for research, practice, and policy.
Collapse
|
28
|
Xiong M, Hu ZQ, Ye YD. Association of relative deprivation with social withdrawal and its underlying mechanisms: A large cross-sectional study among Chinese migrant adolescents. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03194-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
29
|
Vandermeulen D, Hasan Aslih S, Shuman E, Halperin E. Protected by the Emotions of the Group: Perceived Emotional Fit and Disadvantaged Group Members' Activist Burnout. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2022:1461672221092853. [PMID: 35549948 DOI: 10.1177/01461672221092853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Psychological processes that hamper activism, such as activist burnout, threaten social change. We suggest that perceived emotional fit (i.e., perceiving to experience similar emotions as other disadvantaged group members) may buffer activist burnout by mitigating the deleterious effects of stressors that are associated with partaking in collective action. We investigated the relation between perceived emotional fit and activist burnout using three-wave longitudinal survey data of Palestinians in the context of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. We hypothesized that both higher general tendencies to fit emotionally with the ingroup (general perceived emotional fit) and increases over time in perceived emotional fit (change perceived emotional fit) would relate negatively to activist burnout. Supporting our hypotheses, both aspects of emotional fit were associated with lower activist burnout, even when controlling for classical predictors of collective action. This research highlights perceived emotional fit as an additional dimension to the role of emotions for sustainable collective action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Siwar Hasan Aslih
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.,University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Shuman
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.,University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hinton JDX, de la Piedad Garcia X, Kaufmann LM, Koc Y, Anderson JR. A Systematic and Meta-Analytic Review of Identity Centrality among LGBTQ Groups: An Assessment of Psychosocial Correlates. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2022; 59:568-586. [PMID: 34448656 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2021.1967849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The degree to which an identity is an important aspect of one's self-concept (i.e., identity centrality) relates to both health and prejudice experiences of minority groups. Individuals with greater levels of identity centrality view their world through the lens of that identity. This allows them to engage in more positive identity-relevant experiences. However, it could also heighten their perceptions of in-group threat. Among LGBTQ groups, the relationship between identity centrality and psychosocial outcomes is yet to be established. In this paper, we investigated the relationship between LGBTQ identity centrality and psychosocial outcomes via a comprehensive systematic (k = 89, N = 35,950) and meta-analytic (k = 57, N = 26,704) literature review. Results indicated that greater levels of LGBTQ centrality relates to more positive identity-relevant affirmations (.155 ≤ r's ≤ .419), but also greater prejudice/discrimination perceptions and experiences (-.271 ≤ r's ≤ -.128). We found no evidence of a relationship between LGBTQ centrality and health outcomes (-.052 ≤ r's ≤ .040). Importantly, we found that these relationships are more beneficial for some LGBTQ groups (gay men), than for others (bisexual/transgender individuals). Findings from this review provide important and necessary insights on the role of LGBTQ identity centrality and identify crucial gaps in the literature that should be addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan D X Hinton
- School Of Behavioural And Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University
| | | | - Leah M Kaufmann
- School Of Behavioural And Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University
| | - Yasin Koc
- Department Of Social Psychology, University Of Groningen
| | - Joel R Anderson
- School Of Behavioural And Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University
- Australian Research Centre In Sex, Health, & Society, La Trobe University
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Vartanian LR, Hayward LE, Carter JJ. Incorporating physical appearance into one’s sense of self: Self-concept clarity, thin-ideal internalization, and appearance-self integration. SELF AND IDENTITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2022.2070538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lenny R. Vartanian
- School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lydia E. Hayward
- School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jeanne J. Carter
- School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Shimizu Y, Takeuchi M, Karasawa K. Anti-old and anti-youth attitudes among older adults: focusing on middle-aged and old age identity. THE JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 163:248-255. [PMID: 35430961 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2022.2061893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
There is currently a lack of comprehensive scholarly information concerning the attitudes older people hold toward both older adults and the young. Using the social identity theory framework, this study investigated older identity issues including middle-aged identity and old age identity. We conducted an online survey of Japanese older participants (N = 301) and then implemented a Bayesian structural equation modeling to examine whether age and gender predicted middle-aged/old age identity in addition to whether middle-aged/old age identity predicted anti-old/anti-youth attitudes. Results showed the more strongly participants identified with being middle-aged the more positive their attitudes were toward old/young people, while they showed no significant relationship between old age identity and the attitudes. Regarding participant ages, the results found no significant relationship with middle-aged identity but a positive relationship with old age identity. These findings will contribute to psychological research aimed at reducing anti-old/anti-youth attitudes among older adults.11 A part of this study was presented at the 85th Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association.
Collapse
|
33
|
Yan L, Chen WY, Xiang Z, Zhou JH, Yang LC, Zhang YH. Self-stereotyping and self-anchoring affect social identification: Selfesteem as a moderator. SOCIAL BEHAVIOR AND PERSONALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.2224/sbp.10821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Self-stereotyping and self-anchoring are two important cognitive pathways that facilitate individuals' social identification. We applied the integrative model of social identification to examine the effects of these cognitive pathways on social identification of 325 Chinese undergraduate
students, and further explored whether self-esteem as an individual factor plays a moderating role in this relationship. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: selfstereotyping, self-anchoring, and control. We manipulated selfanchoring and self-stereotyping via mindset
priming and then measured self-esteem and social identification. Results show that the level of in-group identification was higher in the self-stereotyping and self-anchoring groups than in the control group. Furthermore, the moderation effects analyses revealed that in the condition of high
selfesteem, there was no significant difference in the level of in-group identification between the self-anchoring and self-stereotyping groups. However, in the condition of low self-esteem, the in-group identification of the self-stereotyping group was higher than that of the self-anchoring
group. This study provides the first empirical evidence that self-esteem could moderate the effects of cognitive pathways on social identification, and provides evidence for the role of social identification cognitive pathways in a non-Western sample.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yan
- College of Education and Sports Science, Yangtze University, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan-Yi Chen
- College of Education and Sports Science, Yangtze University, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Xiang
- Department of Education, Guangxi Modern Polytechnic College, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang-Hong Zhou
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lin-Chuan Yang
- College of Education, Three Gorges University, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Hong Zhang
- College of Education and Sports Science, Yangtze University, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Çoksan S, Cingöz-Ulu B. Group norms moderate the effect of identification on ingroup bias. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02091-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
35
|
Scheifele C, Steffens MC, Van Laar C. Which representations of their gender group affect men's orientation towards care? the case of parental leave-taking intentions. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260950. [PMID: 34860838 PMCID: PMC8641870 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Men are currently underrepresented in traditionally female care-oriented (communal) engagement such as taking parental leave, whereas they are overrepresented in traditionally male (agentic) engagement such as breadwinning or leadership. We examined to what extent different prototypical representations of men affect men's self-reported parental leave-taking intentions and more generally the future they can imagine for themselves with regard to work and care roles (i.e., their possible selves). We expected prototypes of men that combine the two basic stereotype dimensions of agency and communion to increase men's communal intentions. In two experiments (N1 = 132, N2 = 233), we presented male participants with contrived newspaper articles that described the ideal man of today with varying degrees of agency and communion (between-subjects design with four conditions; combined agentic and communal vs. agentic vs. communal vs. control condition). Results of Experiment 1 were in line with the main hypothesis that especially presenting a combination of agency and communion increases men's expectations for communal engagement: As compared to a control condition, men expected more to engage in caretaking in the future, reported higher parental leave-taking intentions, and tended to expect taking longer parental leave. Experiment 2 only partially replicated these findings, namely for parental leave-taking intentions. Both experiments additionally provided initial evidence for a contrast effect in that an exclusive focus on agency also increased men's self-reported parental leave-taking intentions compared to the control condition. Yet, exclusively emphasizing communion in prototypes of men did not affect men's communal intentions, which were high to begin with. We further did not find evidence for preregistered mechanisms. We discuss conditions and explanations for the emergence of these mixed effects as well as implications for the communication of gendered norms and barriers to men's communal engagement more broadly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Scheifele
- Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- PhD Fellow of the Research Foundation–Flanders, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Social, Environmental, and Economic Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Melanie C. Steffens
- Department of Social, Environmental, and Economic Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Colette Van Laar
- Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Hellmann DM, Fiedler S, Glöckner A. Altruistic Giving Toward Refugees: Identifying Factors That Increase Citizens' Willingness to Help. Front Psychol 2021; 12:689184. [PMID: 34434142 PMCID: PMC8381334 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.689184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the world has faced an unprecedented refugee crisis. The large number of incoming refugees represents a challenge for host societies and its citizens triggering reactions from a supportive welcome to brusque rejection and hostile behavior toward refugees. In a pre-registered study, we investigated factors that could promote altruistic behavior in fully incentivized one-shot Dictator Game toward various receiver groups including refugees. We find that host citizens behave more altruistically toward refugees and other receiver groups if they (a) share a local identity with them (i.e., live in the same city), and (b) perceive them to be close (to the self) and warm-hearted. Moreover, citizens that are (c) generally more prosocial and hold a more left-wing political orientation are more willing to give. Unexpectedly, from a theoretical point of view, altruistic giving toward refugees was not influenced in the predicted direction by a shared student identity, competition and perceived income differences (although the latter effect was significant when considering all receiver groups). For shared student identity we even observe a reduction of altruistic behavior, while the opposite effect was predicted. We discuss implications for public policies for successful refugee helping and integration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Susann Fiedler
- Research Group Behavioral Law and Economics/Economic Cognition, Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Strategy and Innovation, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Glöckner
- Social Cognition Center Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Research Group Behavioral Law and Economics/Economic Cognition, Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Coomber T, Harré N. Psychological Oneness: A Typology. REVIEW OF GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/10892680211034457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oneness is a sense of profound unity with some other entity, typically a large, abstract entity such as nature or all of existence. This article offers a typology of oneness based on a review of oneness concepts in the psychology literature. The typology distinguishes between oneness experiences and oneness intuitions or beliefs, the latter being propositions about how self and other are connected. It also distinguishes between three perceived ontologies: expansion (including other in self), interdependence (self and other in symbiosis), and essential (self and other sharing some fundamental property). Confirmatory factor analysis ( n = 102) supported the typology’s dimensions within the scope of nature, using novel sets of items based on restructuring extant oneness measures. Implications of the typology for understanding oneness with nature and its role in addressing environmental crises are discussed, including how these may interact with cultural context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ties Coomber
- School of Psychology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Niki Harré
- School of Psychology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Humans tend to show congruent facial expressions automatically in reaction to their partners which is defined as emotional mimicry. Although occurring unconsciously, this tendency has been proven to be modulated by social contextual factors such as group membership. Ingroup bias in emotional mimicryhas been well-documented in previous research; however, few studies have investigated the underlying mechanism. Based on the mimicry-as-social-regulator model, this study explored whether the ingroup bias in emotional mimicry arises from the greater self-ingroup overlap. By recording participants' facial electromyographic responses while passively viewing dynamic emotional clips performed by either racial ingroup or outgroup actors, Study 1 validated the presence of ingroup bias in the mimicry of happiness, but not anger. Using asimilar procedure in Study 2, anew sample was employed (N = 37), and a measurement of self-other overlaps via the Inclusion of the Other in the Self Scale was added. The results of Study 2 reproduced the ingroup bias in happy mimicry, and further demonstrated that the effect of group membership on emotional mimicry was mediated by the self-other overlap. In summary, this study provides evidence that the level of interpersonal closeness predicts emotional mimicry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shenli Peng
- College of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ping Hu
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Xiong M, Xiao L, Ye Y. Relative Deprivation and Prosocial Tendencies in Chinese Migrant Children: Testing an Integrated Model of Perceived Social Support and Group Identity. Front Psychol 2021; 12:658007. [PMID: 34168590 PMCID: PMC8217643 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.658007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a particularly vulnerable group, children from rural areas in China whose families migrate to urban areas often encounter social exclusion, prejudice, and discrimination as they adjust to city life. Hence, migrant children may experience a sense of relative deprivation when they feel they are treated unjustly when compared to their urban counterparts. Although previous research has demonstrated that relative deprivation is a risk factor for prosocial tendencies, this association has not yet been examined in the population of migrant children in China. Further, few studies have revealed the mediating and moderating mechanisms between relative deprivation and prosocial tendencies. Therefore, this study constructed an integrated model examining the possible mediating role of perceived social support and moderating role of in-group identity on the association between relative deprivation and prosocial tendencies. A large sample of 1,630 Chinese rural-to-urban migrant children (845 girls; M age = 12.30, SD = 1.74) completed a battery of self-report questionnaires regarding relative deprivation, prosocial tendencies, perceived social support, in-group identity, and demographic variables. The results indicated that relative deprivation was negatively correlated with migrant children's prosocial tendencies and this connection was partially mediated by perceived social support. Moderated mediation analysis further indicated that in-group identity moderated the effect of perceived social support on prosocial tendencies, with a high level of in-group identity strengthening the positive association between perceived social support and prosocial tendencies. Parents, educators, and other members of society concerned about migrant children's psychosocial adaptation should provide adequate social support resources and help them foster positive in-group identity to migrant populations to mitigate the adverse effects of relative deprivation and promote their prosocial tendencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xiong
- School of Education and Sports Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lei Xiao
- School of Education and Sports Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yiduo Ye
- School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Understanding Pro-Environmental Behavior of Citizen Science: An Exploratory Study of the Bird Survey in Taoyuan’s Farm Ponds Project. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13095126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This exploratory study aims to fill the gap by adopting Hirose’s two-phase decision-making model with the theory of social networks to explore the environmentally friendly attitudes and environmental behavioral intentions toward pro-environmental behaviors of the citizen scientists who participated in the Bird Survey in Taoyuan’s Farm Ponds Project. The Bird Survey in Taoyuan’s Farm Ponds Project is a systematic citizen science project founded in 2003 with the aim to identify existing and potential irrigation ponds that are important to creating waterbird refuges to secure habitats for wintering waterbirds in anthropogenically influenced areas. The participation in this project itself can be considered as a form of pro-environmental behavior. A total of 24 in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants of the Bird Survey in Taoyuan’s Farm Ponds Project. Qualitative data showed that participants mentioned six variables (i.e., perceived seriousness, ascription of responsibility, belief in the effectiveness, feasibility evaluation, cost–benefit evaluation, and social norms evaluation) of the two-phase decision-making model in relation to environmentally friendly attitudes and environmental behavioral intention. Findings also revealed three key variables (i.e., social networks, learning and growth, and belonging and contribution) in the theory of social networks that are associated with environmentally friendly attitudes and environmental behavioral intention. Based on the findings, it is proposed that the social needs variables are incorporated as an extension to the two-phase decision-making model to offer a more comprehensive explanation of pro-environmental behavior.
Collapse
|
41
|
Doucerain MM, Amiot CE, Ryder AG. Balancing out bonding and bridging capital: Social network correlates of multicultural identity configurations among Russian migrants to Canada. SELF AND IDENTITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2021.1914154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew G. Ryder
- Culture & Mental Health Research, Concordia University, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Bernache-Assollant I, Chantal Y, Bouchet P, Kada F. On Predicting the Relationship between Team Identification and Supporters’ Post-Game Identity Management Strategies: the Mediating Roles of Pride and Shame. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-018-9927-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
43
|
Hinton CE. “I Just Don’t Like to Have My Car Marked”: Nuancing Identity Attachments and Belonging in Student Veterans. JOURNAL OF VETERANS STUDIES 2020. [DOI: 10.21061/jvs.v6i3.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
|
44
|
Sbeglia GC, Nehm RH. Illuminating the complexities of conflict with evolution: validation of the scales of evolutionary conflict measure (SECM). Evolution 2020; 13:23. [PMID: 33269052 PMCID: PMC7683450 DOI: 10.1186/s12052-020-00137-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although personal, familial, and community conflict with evolution have been documented in the literature, these scales require conceptualization as a construct and operationalization as a measure. The Scales of Conflict with Evolution Measure (SECM) instrument was developed in response to these needs. Using a construct validity framework, the content, internal structure, convergent, and substantive validity of the SECM were evaluated using Rasch analysis, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), and follow up questioning. The conceptual utility of the instrument was explored by examining whether it added explanatory insights into evolution acceptance above and beyond religiosity, evolution knowledge, and background variables. RESULTS A literature review and expert consultation indicated that construct of evolutionary conflict perception should (i) encompass the hierarchical nature of human social structures (personal, family, community) and (ii) probe conflict as it relates to human values, cultures, and beliefs. A three-dimensional construct was operationalized as a nine-item rating scale measure. Using Rasch analyses of SECM responses from a diverse sample of > 1000 students studying evolution, the instrument met criteria of robust measurement, including: fit to model expectations; three-dimensional structure; high reliability; good rating scale function; measurement invariance with time; and convergence with a similar construct. SEM showed that: (i) family and community conflict had unique causal contributions to personal conflict, with family showing a stronger and modest impact, and (ii) personal conflict had a significant and modest causal impact on evolution acceptance above and beyond the contributions of religiosity, evolution knowledge, and background variables. CONCLUSION The SECM is an easy-to-administer instrument to measure conflict with evolution and is supported by several forms of validity evidence. The SECM has potential for facilitating measurement of evolutionary conflict in educational settings, thereby raising instructor awareness of conflict levels in students, promoting rigorous evaluations of educational interventions designed to reduce conflict, and fostering conceptual advances in the field of evolution education. Future work is needed to gather additional forms of validity evidence and to test current validity claims in additional participant samples. SECM measures should also be incorporated into more complex SEM models that treat evolution knowledge and religiosity as part of the structural paths to evolution acceptance. Such models could provide insights into the most worthwhile targets for the development of educational interventions to mitigate conflict at multiple scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gena C. Sbeglia
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - Ross H. Nehm
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Program in Science Education, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Livingstone AG, Windeatt S, Nesbitt L, Kerry J, Barr SA, Ashman L, Ayers R, Bibby H, Boswell E, Brown J, Chiu M, Cowie E, Doherr E, Douglas H, Durber L, Ferguson M, Ferreira M, Fisk I, Fleming B, Griffiths M, Hamilton S, Harman E, Hurford G, Ingle N, Inwood H, Kimber E, Kwak W, King HM, Mathews L, Meehan E, Morton M, Murphy L, Nissen J, Oades J, Plumbly I, Price-Bish G, Ransom C, Sharpe A, Shaw JA, Szlajter M, Tan W, Walters C, White J, Wilson H, Windeatt G, Wu JC. Do you get us? A multi-experiment, meta-analytic test of the effect of felt understanding in intergroup relations. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2020.104028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
46
|
Çetinkaya E, Herrmann SD, Kisbu-Sakarya Y. Adapting the values affirmation intervention to a multi-stereotype threat framework for female students in STEM. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY OF EDUCATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11218-020-09594-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
47
|
Cruwys T, Stevens M, Platow MJ, Drury J, Williams E, Kelly AJ, Weekes M. Risk-Taking That Signals Trust Increases Social Identification. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Social identification predicts many important phenomena; however, its determinants have received comparably little research attention. We argue that people are more likely to socially identify with others who engage in risky behavior that implies trust than with those who act cautiously, and test this in four experiments with over 900 participants. The experiments found support for the hypotheses across diverse risk contexts – specifically, risk of physical injury, disease risk, and financial risk. These findings indicate that others’ risk taking can strengthen shared psychological group membership.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tegan Cruwys
- Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Mark Stevens
- Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Michael J. Platow
- Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - John Drury
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Elyse Williams
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Ashleigh J. Kelly
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Margarita Weekes
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
An Examination of Daily Experiences of Sexism and Reactivity among Women in U.S. Male-Dominated Academic Majors Using Experience Sampling Methodology. SEX ROLES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-020-01135-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
49
|
Relation parent–enfant, relation à la culture d’origine et bien-être psychologique à l’adolescence d’enfants adoptés à l’étranger. PSYCHOLOGIE FRANCAISE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.psfr.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
50
|
Reinders JJ, Lycklama À Nijeholt M, Van Der Schans CP, Krijnen WP. The development and psychometric evaluation of an interprofessional identity measure: Extended Professional Identity Scale (EPIS). J Interprof Care 2020:1-13. [PMID: 32013632 DOI: 10.1080/13561820.2020.1713064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate an interprofessional identity measurement instrument based on Extended Professional Identity Theory (EPIT). The latter states that interprofessional identity is a social identity superordinate to a professional identity consisting of three interrelated interprofessional identity characteristics: belonging, commitment and beliefs. Scale development was based on five stages: 1) construct clarification, 2) item pool generation, 3) review of initial item pool, 4) shortening scale length (EFA to determine top four highest factor loadings per subscale; 97 dental and dental hygiene students), and 5) cross-validation and construct validity confirmation (CFA; 152 students and 48 teachers from six curricula). Explained variance of the EPIS was 65%. Internal consistency of the subscales was 0.79, 0.81 and 0.80 respectively and 0.89 of the overall scale. CFA confirmed three-dimensionality as theorized by EPIT. Several goodness-of-fit indexes showed positive results: CFI = 0.968 > 0.90, RMSEA = 0.039 < 0.05, and SRMR = 0.056 ≤ 0.08. The factor loadings of the CFA ranged from 0.58 to 0.80 and factors were interrelated. The Extended Professional Identity Scale (EPIS) is a 12-item measurement instrument with high explained variance, high internal consistency and high construct validity with strong evidence for three-dimensionality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan J Reinders
- Department of Behavioral and Community Dentistry, Center for Dentistry and Dental Hygiene, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Research Healthy Ageing Allied Health Care and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Cees P Van Der Schans
- Research Healthy Ageing Allied Health Care and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Health Psychology Research, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim P Krijnen
- Research Healthy Ageing Allied Health Care and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|