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Vaingankar JA, Subramaniam M, Seow E, Chang S, Sambasivam R, Luo N, Verma S, Chong SA, van Dam RM. Youth Positive Mental Health Concepts and Definitions: A Systematic Review and Qualitative Synthesis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11506. [PMID: 36141781 PMCID: PMC9517177 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on youth positive mental health (PMH) lacks comprehensiveness. We reviewed literature to (i) identify and understand concepts related to youth PMH and (ii) to summarize their definitions under broad conceptual themes. METHOD We conducted a systematic review using PRISMA methodology. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO database (ID:CRD42020203712). Pubmed, Embase, PsycINFO, and OpenGrey databases were searched for publications that examined, assessed, explained, or defined PMH concepts in youth populations. Methods included searching, independent screening and review using pre-determined inclusion and exclusion criteria, extraction, coding, and iterative thematic syntheses of literature. RESULTS Of 3427 unique records identified, 105 articles from 26 countries met review criteria. Qualitative analysis resulted in 22 broad themes of youth PMH. These included interpersonal relationships (interpersonal competence, school connectedness, etc.), positive emotions (feel and create pleasant emotions, gratitude, etc.), self-efficacy (strengths, human agency, etc.), life satisfaction (global assessment of one's life), and personal growth (goal achievement, life aspirations, etc.). Five novel concepts related to youth PMH were identified. CONCLUSIONS Our review summarized and operationalized multiple concepts of youth PMH for applications in research, evaluation, and public health improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janhavi Ajit Vaingankar
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10, Buangkok View, Singapore 539747, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Mythily Subramaniam
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10, Buangkok View, Singapore 539747, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Esmond Seow
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10, Buangkok View, Singapore 539747, Singapore
| | - Sherilyn Chang
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10, Buangkok View, Singapore 539747, Singapore
| | - Rajeswari Sambasivam
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10, Buangkok View, Singapore 539747, Singapore
| | - Nan Luo
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Swapna Verma
- Department of Early Psychosis, Institute of Mental Health, 10, Buangkok View, Singapore 539747, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Siow Ann Chong
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10, Buangkok View, Singapore 539747, Singapore
| | - Rob M. van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
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Perpetration and Victimization in Offline and Cyber Contexts: A Variable- and Person-Oriented Examination of Associations and Differences Regarding Domain-Specific Self-Esteem and School Adjustment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910429. [PMID: 34639731 PMCID: PMC8508291 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Self-esteem has been identified as a predictor of bullying perpetration and victimization, which, in turn, may lead to school adjustment problems. However, findings regarding the direction and strength of these associations have been inconclusive. This study aimed to resolve this by differentiating between offline and cyber contexts and various self-esteem domains. An online sample of 459 adolescents retrospectively completed measures of self-esteem domains and offline/cyber perpetration and victimization, and a subsample of 194 adolescents also completed measures of loneliness and school adjustment. A mediation analysis of bullying-related variables on the effect of self-esteem domains on school adjustment indicated that offline victimization was the only significant mediator. Positive indirect effects were found for social and emotional self-esteem, and negative indirect effects were found for school performance-related self-esteem. Furthermore, person-oriented analyses examined differences in bullying-related roles regarding self-esteem domains, loneliness, and school adjustment. Victim groups showed lower self-esteem in many domains, but cyber victims showed higher body-related self-esteem. Bullies showed lower school performance-related but higher social self-esteem. Both bullies and victims showed lower school adjustment and more loneliness. Implications for theory and practice are discussed, as the findings are relevant for teachers and could be used to develop and deploy more effective anti-bullying programs.
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