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Harrison MS, Driscoll BG, Farnsworth J, Hinton A, Peppi M, McLean W, Parham K. Serum Prestin After Ototoxin Exposure Is Not Dependent on Outer Hair Cell Loss. Otol Neurotol 2024; 45:495-501. [PMID: 38561601 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000004178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Cyclodextrin (CDX)-induced serum prestin burst is not dependent on outer hair cell (OHC) loss. BACKGROUND Serum prestin has been proposed as a biomarker for ototoxicity. We recently used an automated Western approach to quantify serum prestin changes in a newly introduced model of CDX ototoxicity. To gain insights into prestin as a biomarker, here we further characterize serum prestin in the CDX model. METHODS Guinea pigs were treated with 750, 3,000, or 4,000 mg/kg CDX, and serum samples were obtained through up to 15 weeks after exposure. Serum prestin levels were quantified using automated Western, and hair cell counts were obtained. RESULTS All three doses induced an N -glycosylated ~134-kDa prestin burst; however, only the 3,000 and 4,000 mg/kg resulted in robust OHC loss. Prestin levels returned to baseline where they remained up to 15 weeks in the absence of OHCs. CONCLUSION The ~134-kDa prestin burst induced after CDX administration is N -glycosylated, representing a posttranslational modification of prestin. Serum prestin seems to be a promising biomarker when using therapeutics with ototoxic properties because it is not dependent on OHC loss as a necessary event, thus affording the opportunity for early detection and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kourosh Parham
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
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Samarrai R, Rahman K, Parham K. Clinical Biomarkers in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2024; 103:NP301-NP311. [PMID: 34694171 DOI: 10.1177/01455613211050698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this paper is to review the literature and compile promising and clinically relevant biomarkers in otolaryngology-head & neck surgery not related to autoimmune disorders. STUDY DESIGN Narrative review. METHODS PubMed and Google Scholar were queried using combined key words such as "biomarkers" and "otolaryngology." Additional queries were made with combined key words such as "biomarkers" and a particular subspecialty such as "rhinology" or "otology" to maximize yield of relevant titles. Subsequently, specific biomarkers identified, such as "beta-2 transferrin," were used as key words. Relevant titles were reviewed and selected for abstract review. Applicable abstracts were then selected for review of the full text. RESULTS Biomarkers currently in clinical use within the field of otolaryngology were included in this review. The compiled biomarkers were then detailed individually regarding their molecular characteristics, function, and clinical significance. CONCLUSIONS The number of biomarkers in use in otolaryngology is rapidly expanding representing a new diagnostic modality for our field. This review defines the key biomarkers that are currently or likely to be soon translated into clinical use within the field of otolaryngology. The majority of these biomarkers are in the form of proteins such as beta-2 transferrin, thyroglobulin, and P16. Given their growing impact on diagnosis, management and surveillance of otolaryngologic disorders periodic surveys are needed for education and to guide further advances and applications of otolaryngologic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruwaa Samarrai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Khalil Rahman
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Kourosh Parham
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
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Baskadem Yilmazer A, Tanrısever O, Alagoz MH, Yilmazer R, Goker AE, Tutar B, Uyar Y. Evaluation of inner ear damage by mastoid drilling with measurement of serum prestin (SLC26A5) levels. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2024; 90:101380. [PMID: 38237483 PMCID: PMC10828577 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2023.101380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to demonstrate any inner ear injury caused by drilling in mastoid surgery with prestin, outer hair cell motor protein specific to the cochlea. METHODS The patients with chronic otitis media requiring mastoidectomy (n = 21) and myringoplasty (n = 21) were included. Serum prestin level obtained from blood samples was measured before surgery and on postoperative days 0, 3, and 7 using Human Prestin (SLC26A5) ELISA Kit. All patients underwent the Pure Tone Audiometry (PTA) test before surgery and on the postoperative 7th day. The drilling time was also recorded for all patients who underwent mastoidectomy. RESULTS In both mastoidectomy and myringoplasty groups, the postoperative serum prestin levels increased on days 0 and 7 (pday-0 = 0.002, pday-7 = 0.001 and pday-0 = 0.005, pday-7 = 0.001, respectively). There was no significant difference in the serum prestin levels between the two groups, postoperatively. The PTA thresholds at day 7 did not change in either group. A significant decline at 2000 Hz of bone conduction hearing threshold in both groups and a decline at 4000 Hz in the myringoplasty group were found. There was no correlation between the drilling time and the increase of prestin levels in the postoperative day 0, 3, and 7. CONCLUSION Our results showed that mastoid drilling is not related to a significant inner ear injury. Although the myringoplasty group was not exposed to drill trauma, there was a similar increase in serum prestin levels as the mastoidectomy group. Also, a significant decline at 2000 Hz of bone conduction hearing threshold in both groups and a decline at 4000 Hz in the myringoplasty group were found. These findings suggest that suction and ossicular manipulation trauma can lead to an increase in serum prestin levels and postoperative temporary or permanent SNHL at 2000 and 4000 Hz. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayca Baskadem Yilmazer
- Saglik Bilimleri University, Prof. Dr. Cemil Tascioglu Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Onur Tanrısever
- Saglik Bilimleri University, Prof. Dr. Cemil Tascioglu Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Maide Hacer Alagoz
- Saglik Bilimleri University, Prof. Dr. Cemil Tascioglu Hospital, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rasim Yilmazer
- Saglik Bilimleri University, Dr. Lutfi Kirdar City Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayse Enise Goker
- Saglik Bilimleri University, Prof. Dr. Cemil Tascioglu Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Belgin Tutar
- Saglik Bilimleri University, Prof. Dr. Cemil Tascioglu Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Uyar
- Saglik Bilimleri University, Prof. Dr. Cemil Tascioglu Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
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Al Samarrai ARH, Mahdi BM, Parham K. Relationship of Serum Prestin Levels to the Severity of Sensorineural Hearing Loss. Cureus 2024; 16:e53763. [PMID: 38465090 PMCID: PMC10921123 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prestin is an outer hair cell (OHC) protein responsible for increasing cochlear sensitivity and has been proposed as a biomarker. We aimed to evaluate whether the serum prestin level is related to the severity of chronic sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). METHODS Ninety subjects were recruited from the patient base at Samarra public hospitals and clinics in Iraq from January to October of 2022. They were divided into three groups equally: a group of healthy people without hearing loss (G0), a group with moderate SNHL (G1), and a group with severe SNHL (G2). The subjects ranged from 20 to 80 years of age and included 51 males and 39 females. Blood samples were collected, then serum was separated, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed to quantify the levels of prestin. RESULTS Hearing thresholds were sequentially statistically higher across the three groups. While prestin levels were significantly higher in G1 and G2 than that in G0, there were no differences between the G1 and G2 levels. Serum prestin levels were positively correlated with hearing thresholds in G1, but not G2. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that in the clinical setting, prestin is sensitive to chronic mild to moderate SNHL (i.e., up to 40-60 dB), not more severe loss. This range is consistent with the added sensitivity provided by OHCs in the cochlea and provides support for prestin as a biomarker of OHC-mediated SNHL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bakr M Mahdi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Samarra General Hospital, Samarra, IRQ
| | - Kourosh Parham
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, USA
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Harrison MS, Driscoll BG, Farnsworth J, Hinton A, Peppi M, McLean W, Parham K. Automated Western Blot Analysis of Ototoxin-Induced Prestin Burst in the Blood after Cyclodextrin Exposure. Otol Neurotol 2023; 44:e653-e659. [PMID: 37590840 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000003994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Ototoxin cyclodextrin (CDX) will induce a burst in serum prestin when quantified with automated Western blot analysis. BACKGROUND In the clinical realm, we primarily rely on audiological measures for diagnosis and surveillance of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and have limited therapeutic options. We have proposed a blood-based biomarker approach to overcome this challenge by measuring the outer hair cell's (OHC) electromotile protein, prestin, in the blood. Previously, we demonstrated a burst in serum prestin after cisplatin exposure using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assayELISA. METHODS Guinea pigs were treated with either 3,000 or 4,000 mg/kg CDX, and serum samples were obtained through 3 days after exposure. Serum prestin levels were quantified using automated blot analysis, western and hair cell counts were obtained. RESULTS Both 3,000 and 4,000 mg/kg resulted in robust OHC loss, although more variability was seen at the lower dose. Automated Western blot analysis demonstrated that the prestin profile after CDX exposure is different than baseline. Specifically, a new ~134- kDa band accounted for the prestin burst after ototoxin ablation of OHCs at both doses. CONCLUSIONS We reproduced the prestin burst seen after cisplatin administration using CDX. Automated Western blot western analysis revealed that a ~a ~ 134- kDa species of prestin is responsible for the burst. We suggest that the induced band may be a prestin dimer, which could serve as a biomarker for early detection of ototoxicity in the clinical setting. These results add further promise to the potential of serum prestin to serve as an ototoxicity biomarker when using therapeutics with ototoxic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kourosh Parham
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
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Tan WJT, Song L. Role of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in sensorineural hearing loss. Hear Res 2023; 434:108783. [PMID: 37167889 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2023.108783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) can either be genetically inherited or acquired as a result of aging, noise exposure, or ototoxic drugs. Although the precise pathophysiological mechanisms underlying SNHL remain unclear, an overwhelming body of evidence implicates mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress playing a central etiological role. With its high metabolic demands, the cochlea, particularly the sensory hair cells, stria vascularis, and spiral ganglion neurons, is vulnerable to the damaging effects of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondrial dysfunction and consequent oxidative stress in cochlear cells can be caused by inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations (hereditary hearing loss and aminoglycoside-induced ototoxicity), accumulation of acquired mtDNA mutations with age (age-related hearing loss), mitochondrial overdrive and calcium dysregulation (noise-induced hearing loss and cisplatin-induced ototoxicity), or accumulation of ototoxic drugs within hair cell mitochondria (drug-induced hearing loss). In this review, we provide an overview of our current knowledge on the role of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in the development of SNHL caused by genetic mutations, aging, exposure to excessive noise, and ototoxic drugs. We also explore the advancements in antioxidant therapies for the different forms of acquired SNHL that are being evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winston J T Tan
- Department of Surgery (Otolaryngology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Lei Song
- Department of Surgery (Otolaryngology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China; Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China.
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Liu X, Han K, Zhou M, Wu Y. Association between otolin-1 and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: A meta-analysis. Front Neurol 2022; 13:950023. [PMID: 36601298 PMCID: PMC9806859 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.950023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is increasing research on the potential of inner ear proteins as serum biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of various inner ear diseases. Among them, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common vestibular disease. Notably, otolin-1, an inner ear-specific protein, is detectable in the serum of most patients with BPPV patients. Therefore, we found a need to conduct this meta-analysis to determine the relationship between otolin-1 in serum and BPPV. Methods This meta-analysis was conducted by searching PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and China Network Knowledge Infrastructure databases for the eligible original studies in Chinese or English published between January 2010 and February 2022. Data were collected and pooled by using the mean differences (MDs) corresponding to 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity among these studies was assessed by using I2 statistics and the adopted fixed or random-effect mode thereafter. Egger's and Begg's tests were also used to assess the publication bias. Results This meta-analysis included six articles with a total of 585 participants. Serum otolin-1 levels were remarkably increased in patients with BPPV as compared to that in healthy controls (MD: 165.38, 95% CI: 110.13-220.64, p < 0.00001). However, Egger's and Begg's tests have indicated no publication bias, and the results were reliable based on the sensitivity analysis. Conclusion This meta-analysis indicated that there is a higher serum level of otolin-1 in patients with BPPV than in healthy controls. Therefore, otolin-1 may serve as a biomarker for the onset of BPPV.
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Generotti C, Cox BC, Singh J, Hamilton D, McKenzie E, O’Malley BW, Li D. Subclinical diagnosis of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity with biomarkers. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18032. [PMID: 36302835 PMCID: PMC9613680 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23034-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A mouse model with cisplatin-induced ototoxicity was used in addition to human samples from the ITMAT Biobank at the University of Pennsylvania. Mouse auditory brainstem responses (ABR), inner ear histology, perilymph cisplatin sampling, and measurement of serum prestin via ELISA were performed. Human serum prestin level was measured via ELISA in patients with otological issues after cisplatin treatment and compared to matched controls. Serum prestin was significantly elevated before ABR threshold shifts in mice exposed to cisplatin compared to control mice. Prestin concentration also correlated with the severity of hearing threshold shifts in mice. After an extended rest post-cisplatin treatment, prestin returned to baseline levels in mice and humans. Prestin was significantly elevated in the serum before the onset of objective hearing loss and correlated with the severity of hearing damage indicating that prestin may function as an effective biomarker of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. Human serum prestin levels responded similarly to mice > 3 weeks from ototoxic exposure with decreased levels of prestin in the serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Generotti
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Blvd., BRB 1212, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Brandon C. Cox
- grid.280418.70000 0001 0705 8684Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 801 N. Rutledge St, Springfield, IL 62702 USA
| | - Jarnail Singh
- grid.280418.70000 0001 0705 8684Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 801 N. Rutledge St, Springfield, IL 62702 USA
| | - Deborah Hamilton
- grid.280418.70000 0001 0705 8684Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 801 N. Rutledge St, Springfield, IL 62702 USA
| | - Erica McKenzie
- grid.264727.20000 0001 2248 3398Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA
| | - Bert W. O’Malley
- grid.411024.20000 0001 2175 4264University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Daqing Li
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Blvd., BRB 1212, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
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Bellairs JA, Redila VA, Wu P, Tong L, Webster A, Simon JA, Rubel EW, Raible DW. An in vivo Biomarker to Characterize Ototoxic Compounds and Novel Protective Therapeutics. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:944846. [PMID: 35923755 PMCID: PMC9342690 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.944846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There are no approved therapeutics for the prevention of hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction from drugs like aminoglycoside antibiotics. While the mechanisms underlying aminoglycoside ototoxicity remain unresolved, there is considerable evidence that aminoglycosides enter inner ear mechanosensory hair cells through the mechanoelectrical transduction (MET) channel. Inhibition of MET-dependent uptake with small molecules or modified aminoglycosides is a promising otoprotective strategy. To better characterize mammalian ototoxicity and aid in the translation of emerging therapeutics, a biomarker is needed. In the present study we propose that neonatal mice systemically injected with the aminoglycosides G418 conjugated to Texas Red (G418-TR) can be used as a histologic biomarker to characterize in vivo aminoglycoside toxicity. We demonstrate that postnatal day 5 mice, like older mice with functional hearing, show uptake and retention of G418-TR in cochlear hair cells following systemic injection. When we compare G418-TR uptake in other tissues, we find that kidney proximal tubule cells show similar retention. Using ORC-13661, an investigational hearing protection drug, we demonstrate in vivo inhibition of aminoglycoside uptake in mammalian hair cells. This work establishes how systemically administered fluorescently labeled ototoxins in the neonatal mouse can reveal important details about ototoxic drugs and protective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A. Bellairs
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Van A. Redila
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Patricia Wu
- Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Ling Tong
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Alyssa Webster
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Julian A. Simon
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Edwin W. Rubel
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - David W. Raible
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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Noise exposure levels predict blood levels of the inner ear protein prestin. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1154. [PMID: 35064195 PMCID: PMC8783004 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05131-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Serological biomarkers of inner ear proteins are a promising new approach for studying human hearing. Here, we focus on the serological measurement of prestin, a protein integral to a human’s highly sensitive hearing, expressed in cochlear outer hair cells (OHCs). Building from recent nonhuman studies that associated noise-induced OHC trauma with reduced serum prestin levels, and studies suggesting subclinical hearing damage in humans regularly engaging in noisy activities, we investigated the relation between serum prestin levels and environmental noise levels in young adults with normal clinical audiograms. We measured prestin protein levels from circulating blood and collected noise level data multiple times over the course of the experiment using body-worn sound recorders. Results indicate that serum prestin levels have a negative relation with noise exposure: individuals with higher routine noise exposure levels tended to have lower prestin levels. Moreover, when grouping participants based on their risk for a clinically-significant noise-induced hearing loss, we found that prestin levels differed significantly between groups, even though behavioral hearing thresholds were similar. We discuss possible interpretations for our findings including whether lower serum levels may reflect subclinical levels of OHC damage, or possibly an adaptive, protective mechanism in which prestin expression is downregulated in response to loud environments.
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Assessment of prestin level changes as an inner-ear biomarker in patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 2021; 136:1039-1043. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022215121003108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
To assess the correlation of serum prestin level and audiological findings in adults with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss.
Methods
Audiometry and serum prestin measurements were performed at study entry (T0), at day 14 (end of treatment, T1) and at day 30 (T2).
Results
A total of 25 idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss patients and 25 healthy adults were included. The geometric mean prestin level in the case and control groups at T0 was 227.7 pg/ml and 130.5 pg/ml, respectively. The geometric mean prestin level in the case group demonstrated a downward trend at T1 and T2 (214.0 pg/ml and 180.1 pg/ml, respectively; p < 0.001). Of 17 patients with high baseline prestin levels (over 150 pg/ml), prestin levels tended to decrease in 11 patients, and 5 of them (45.5 per cent) showed good recovery.
Conclusion
The prestin concentrations increased in two-thirds of patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Future work is recommended to determine the location of injury.
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Evaluating the Role of Otologic Biomarkers to Differentiate Meniere's Disease and Vestibular Migraine. Ear Hear 2021; 43:699-702. [PMID: 34495899 DOI: 10.1097/aud.0000000000001123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role for prestin and otolin-1 as biomarkers for differentiating Meniere's disease (MD) from vestibular migraine (VM). STUDY DESIGN It is a cross-sectional, cohort study. RESULTS There were 19 MD and 11 VM patients. In the 19 MD patients, the mean prestin level was 2.33 ng/ml compared to 0.64 ng/ml in VM patients (p = 0.238). Otolin-1 levels in MD patients were 109.67 pg/ml, while in VM patients, otolin-1 levels were 30.9 pg/ml (p = 0.102). In MD patients, prestin levels were correlated with word recognition scores, being strongest when prestin >2 ng/ml (rho = 0.9; p = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS Prestin and otolin-1 levels differed between MD patients relative to VM patients. The relationship between prestin and word recognition scores in MD suggests that there may be a role for prestin as a marker for inner ear function, but its role in differentiating MD from VM remains to be elucidated.
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Effect of cisplatin chemotherapy on the inner ear function and serum prestin concentration. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 279:2783-2789. [PMID: 34213608 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-021-06967-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE One of the main side effects of chemotherapy with cisplatin is irreversible sensorineural hearing loss. This study was conducted to assess the correlation between the serum prestin concentration as a potential cochlear biomarker and audiologic findings in patients after cisplatin chemotherapy. METHODS A total of 52 patients aged 18-75 years were included in this prospective study. All the subjects were recruited from the radiotherapy and oncology center of a tertiary hospital in Rasht, Iran. Audiologic parameters evaluations and serum prestin concentrations were measured at baseline and after 1-3 weeks of chemotherapy. The inner ear function was evaluated by pure-tone audiometry (PTA) and distortion product of otoacoustic emission (DPOAE). A repeated-measure analysis of variance was performed to evaluate the relationship between the PTA, DPOAE, serum prestin concentration and cumulative cisplatin dose. RESULTS Fifty-two patients (36 females) participated in this study. The PTA results showed that ototoxicity was more frequent among the patients with a high cumulative dose of cisplatin (χ2 trend = 15.25; P < 0.001). DPOAE responses revealed that 38.5% of the patients had ototoxicity change after 40-80 mg of cisplatin administration. After receiving 40-80 mg of cisplatin, serum prestin concentration increased from 130 to 230 pg/ml. There is a significant positive correlation between prestin concentration after receiving more than 80 mg of cisplatin and the ototoxic changes in the DPOAE response. CONCLUSION The present study showed correlations between prestin concentrations and ototoxicity diagnosis by DPOAE findings. An early rise in prestin concentration is particularly important and an early sign of hearing loss. Future studies are recommended to investigate the effect of varying doses of cisplatin on prestin concentration and any association between ototoxicity and clinicopathological features.
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Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objectives: Recently, it has been hypothesized that blood prestin concentration levels may reflect cochlear damage and thus serve as an easily measurable, early sensorineural hearing loss (HL) biomarker. This is a scoping review aiming to identify and critically appraise current evidence on prestin blood levels and their temporal variation in rodents and humans with normal hearing and with sensorineural HL. Design: This study was designed and held according to PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. With no limitation with regards to study type, animal and human studies focusing on prestin blood levels in normal hearing and in sensorineural HL were sought in major databases such as Medline, Central Scopus, PROSPERO, and Clinicaltrials.gov. Results were then hand-searched. A data charting form was developed including the parameters of interest. Results: Seven studies focusing on measuring prestin blood levels by means of ELISA in rodents and human subjects with normal hearing and noise-induced, drug-induced, or idiopathic sudden HL were found eligible and were included in the analysis. According to these proof-of-concept studies, prestin can be detected in the circulation of subjects with no HL; however, normal ranges remain unclear. After cochlear damage, blood prestin levels seem to initially rise and then return to near or below baseline. The degree of their change relates with subjects’ degree of HL, damaged cochlear region and recovery. Prestin blood levels and their temporal variation seem to correlate with cochlear damage; however, methodological weaknesses, such as small sample size, lack of detailed phenotyping, insufficient exclusion of confounding factors, and short follow-up, do not allow for robust conclusions. Conclusions: Current findings support the value of studying blood prestin levels in normal hearing and HL and highlight a need for larger-scale longitudinal research.
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Reliability of Serological Prestin Levels in Humans and its Relation to Otoacoustic Emissions, a Functional Measure of Outer Hair Cells. Ear Hear 2021; 42:1151-1162. [PMID: 33859120 DOI: 10.1097/aud.0000000000001026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Serological biomarkers, common to many areas of medicine, have the potential to inform on the health of the human body and to give early warning of risk of compromised function or illness before symptoms are experienced. Serological measurement of prestin, a motor protein uniquely produced and expressed in outer hair cells, has recently been identified as a potential biomarker to inform on the health of the cochlea. Before any test can be introduced into the clinical toolkit, the reproducibility of the measurement when repeated in the same subject must be considered. The primary objective of this study is to outline the test-retest reliability estimates and normative ranges for serological prestin in healthy young adults with normal hearing. In addition, we examine the relation between serum prestin levels and otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) to compare this OHC-specific protein to the most common measure of OHC function currently used in hearing assessments. DESIGN We measured prestin levels serologically from circulating blood in 34 young adults (18 to 24 years old) with clinically normal pure-tone audiometric averages at five different timepoints up to six months apart (average intervals between measurements ranged from <1 week to 7 weeks apart). To guide future studies of clinical populations, we present the standard error of the measurement, reference normative values, and multiple measures of reliability. Additionally, we measured transient evoked OAEs at the same five timepoints and used correlation coefficients to examine the relation between OAEs and prestin levels (pg/mL). RESULTS Serum prestin levels demonstrated good to excellent reliability between and across the five different time points, with correlation coefficients and intraclass correlations >0.8. Across sessions, the average serum prestin level was 250.20 pg/mL, with a standard error of measurement of 7.28 pg/mL. Moreover, positive correlations (generally weak to moderate) were found between prestin levels and OAE magnitudes and signal-to-noise ratios. CONCLUSIONS Findings characterize serum prestin in healthy young adults with normal hearing and provide initial normative data that may be critical to interpreting results from individuals with sensorineural hearing loss. Our results demonstrate reliability of serum prestin levels in a sample of normal-hearing young adults across five test sessions up to 6 months apart, paving the way for testing larger samples to more accurately estimate test-retest standards for clinical protocols, including those involving serial monitoring. The positive correlations between serum prestin and OAE levels, although weak to moderate, reinforce that the source of serum prestin is likely the outer hair cells in the inner ear, but also that serum prestin and OAEs each may also index aspects of biologic function not common to the other.
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Mahshid SS, Dabdoub A. Development of a novel electrochemical immuno-biosensor for circulating biomarkers of the inner ear. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 165:112369. [PMID: 32729501 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Current approaches for diagnosis of hearing or vestibular disorders are mostly based on physical examinations that cannot provide information about the exact location of cellular damage inside the inner ear. Therefore, there is a need for new diagnostic methods capable of identifying the sites of damage through the detection of inner ear blood-circulating biomarkers. Here, we developed the first biosensor platform for rapid detection of otolin-1 and prestin, blood-circulating proteins specifically expressed in the vestibule and cochlea, respectively. The platform was designed on a DNA-based immunoassay that employed conjugated antibodies for target protein recognition, which when bound, altered the DNA-DNA hybridization on the surface, resulting in generation of a concentration-dependent signal. The signal was recorded when the redox moiety brought to the surface by the target enabled a selective electrochemical output directly in whole blood. Signal amplification was acquired by employing high-curvature nanostructured electrodes for sensitive sample analysis at picomolar concentrations with a three-fold quantitative range. The combination of nanostructuring and optimum density of the probes on the surface provided low-picomolar detection limits while utilizing small 10 μL sample volume with a 10-min response time. The proposed immuno-biosensor is highly selective and quantitative and can easily be adapted for rapid detection of any blood-circulating protein using their specific antibodies as recognition elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar S Mahshid
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.
| | - Alain Dabdoub
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada; Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H2, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada.
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Intratympanic Diltiazem-Chitosan Hydrogel as an Otoprotectant Against Cisplatin-Induced Ototoxicity in a Mouse Model. Otol Neurotol 2020; 41:115-122. [PMID: 31746818 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000002417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Local administration of the calcium-channel blocker (CCB), diltiazem, via intratympanic (IT) chitosan-glycerophosphate (CGP) hydrogel will protect against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. BACKGROUND Cisplatin induces calcium-mediated apoptosis of cochlear outer hair cells (OHCs). Previous work demonstrated otoprotection and reduced auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold shifts in a cisplatin-induced ototoxicity mouse model treated with multiple doses of IT diltiazem given in solution. Here, we evaluated the role of a single dose of IT CGP-diltiazem as a novel otoprotectant against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. METHODS Baseline pure-tone and click-evoked ABRs were performed in control (IT CGP-saline, n = 13) and treatment (IT CGP-diltiazem 2 mg/kg, n = 9) groups of female CBA/J mice. A single dose of IT CGP hydrogel was administered just before intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin (14 mg/kg). On Day 7 posttreatment, ABRs were performed and cochleae were harvested. Hair cells were quantified using anti-myosin VIIa immunostaining and inner hair cell ribbon synapses were quantified using Ctbp2 immunostaining. RESULTS There was a statistically significant effect of treatment on click- and tone-evoked ABRs between groups. The mean threshold shifts were significantly reduced in both click- and tone-evoked ABRs on Day 7 in IT CGP-diltiazem treated mice compared with CGP-saline control mice. There were no significant differences in OHC counting between groups, but there appears to be an otoprotection against loss of synapses in the apical turn from IT CGP-diltiazem treated mice (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This preliminary work suggests that IT CGP-diltiazem reduces ABR threshold shifts with possible mechanisms of protecting ribbon synapses in the setting of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. More work is necessary to determine the mechanism underlying this otoprotection.
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18
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Early phase trials of novel hearing therapeutics: Avenues and opportunities. Hear Res 2019; 380:175-186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Gauvin DV, Zimmermann ZJ, Yoder J, Tapp R, Baird TJ. Predicting the Need for a Tier II Ototoxicity Study From Early Renal Function Data. Int J Toxicol 2019; 38:265-278. [PMID: 31220989 DOI: 10.1177/1091581819851232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
History has established that many drugs, such as the antibiotics, chemotherapies, and loop diuretics, are capable of inducing both nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. The exact mechanisms by which cellular damage occurs remain to be fully elucidated. Monitoring the indices of renal function conducted in the Food and Drug Administration's prescribed set of early investigational new drug (IND)-enabling studies may be the first signs of ototoxicity properties of the new drug candidate. In developing improved and efficacious new molecular entities, it is critically necessary to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the potential ototoxic effects as early in the drug development program as possible. Elucidation of these mechanisms will facilitate the development of safe and effective clinical approaches for the prevention and amelioration of drug-induced ototoxicity prior to the first dose in man. Biomarkers for nephrotoxicity in early tier I or tier II nonclinical IND-enabling studies should raise an inquiry as to the need to conduct a full auditory function assay early in the game to clear the pipeline with a safer candidate that has a higher probability of continued therapeutic compliance once approved for distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- David V Gauvin
- 1 Neurobehavioral Sciences Department, Charles River Laboratories, Inc, Mattawan, MI, USA
| | - Zachary J Zimmermann
- 1 Neurobehavioral Sciences Department, Charles River Laboratories, Inc, Mattawan, MI, USA
| | - Joshua Yoder
- 1 Neurobehavioral Sciences Department, Charles River Laboratories, Inc, Mattawan, MI, USA
| | - Rachel Tapp
- 1 Neurobehavioral Sciences Department, Charles River Laboratories, Inc, Mattawan, MI, USA
| | - Theodore J Baird
- 2 Safety Assessment, Charles River Laboratories, Inc, Mattawan, MI, USA
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Sun C, Xuan X, Zhou Z, Yuan Y, Xue F. A Preliminary Report on the Investigation of Prestin as a Biomarker for Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2019; 99:528-531. [PMID: 31146584 DOI: 10.1177/0145561319849949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, no specific biomarkers for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSHL) have been used. The aim of this study is to investigate whether prestin, the motor protein of cochlear outer hair cells, could be used as a biomarker candidate for the diagnosis and prognosis judgement of ISSHL. Blood samples of 14 ISSHL patients and 28 control patients without history of hearing loss were collected. Plasma prestin concentration was measured using Human Prestin (SLC26A5) ELISA Kit. The results showed that prestin was detectable in the plasma of all patients and the concentration of prestin was significantly higher in ISSHL patients with about half being above the average range of control patients. Moreover, in treatment responsive group, 6 of 10 patients had decreased prestin levels after treatment compared to those of before treatment, while the prestin levels of all the 4 patients in treatment unresponsive group increased in varying degrees. Our promising preliminary results suggest that prestin has the potential to serve as a biomarker to assist diagnosis and judge response to pharmacological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changling Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 66374Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Xiaolin Xuan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 66374Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 66374Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wuxi People's Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Fei Xue
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu province, China
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Diao H, Zhao L, Qin L, Bai W, Wang K, Zhang J, Chen X, Jiang H, Mao L. Lower expression of prestin and MYO7A correlates with menopause-associated hearing loss. Climacteric 2019; 22:361-369. [PMID: 30612476 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2018.1547698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Diao
- Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Shi, China
| | - L. Zhao
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Shi, China
| | - L. Qin
- Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing Shi, China
| | - W. Bai
- Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Shi, China
| | - K. Wang
- Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing Shi, China
| | - J. Zhang
- Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Shi, China
| | - X. Chen
- Peking University First Hospital, Beijing Shi, China
| | - H. Jiang
- Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing Shi, China
| | - L. Mao
- Peking University First Hospital, Beijing Shi, China
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Utilizing prestin as a predictive marker for the early detection of outer hair cell damage. Am J Otolaryngol 2018; 39:594-598. [PMID: 30025743 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate prestin as a biomarker for the identification of early ototoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats (n = 47) were randomly assigned to five groups: low-dose (LAG) or high-dose (HAG) amikacin (200 and 600 mg/kg/day, respectively, for 10 days), low-dose (LCIS)or high-dose (HCIS) cisplatin (single doses of 5 and 15 mg/kg, respectively, for 3 days), and control (n = 8). At the end of the experiment, measurement of distortion product-evoked otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) were performed to evaluate hearing, then blood samples and both ear tissues were collected under anesthesia. Prestin levels were determined by ELISA. Cochlear damage was evaluated histologically using a 4-point scoring system. RESULTS The mean serum prestin levels were 377.0 ± 135.3, 411.3 ± 73.1, 512.6 ± 106.0, 455.0 ± 74.2 and 555.3 ± 47.9 pg/ml for control, LCIS, HCIS, LAG and HAG groups, respectively. There was significant difference between prestin levels of Control-LCIS-HCIS groups (p = 0.031) and prestin levels of Control-LAG-HAG groups (p = 0.003). There were also significant differences in prestin levels between the low- and high-dose cisplatin and amikacin groups (p = 0.028 and p = 0.011, respectively). Each group had significantly lower DPOAE results at 4, 6 and 8 kHz than control groups (p < 0.001). The LAG, HAG, LCIS and HCIS groups had significantly higher cochlear damage scores than the control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Higher doses of cisplatin and amikacin were associated with the greatest increases in serum prestin level and cochlear damage score. The results of this study suggest that prestin is a promising early indicator of cochlear damage.
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