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Fabero-Garrido R, Del Corral T, Plaza-Manzano G, Sanz-Ayan P, Izquierdo-García J, López-de-Uralde-Villanueva I. Effects of Respiratory Muscle Training on Exercise Capacity, Quality of Life, and Respiratory and Pulmonary Function in People With Ischemic Heart Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Phys Ther 2024; 104:pzad164. [PMID: 38015997 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzad164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of respiratory muscle training (RMT) on functional exercise capacity, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), respiratory muscle function, and pulmonary function in individuals with ischemic heart disease (IHD). METHODS The MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, PEDro, CINAHL, Science Direct, and CENTRAL electronic databases were searched in January 2023. Randomized controlled trials published in English, Spanish, or Portuguese that were conducted to determine the effect of RMT versus passive control and/or sham RMT on the target variables in individuals with IHD, irrespective of age or sex were included. Two reviewers performed the searches and extraction of the most relevant data. The quality and risk of bias for each included study were examined with the PEDro scale and Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. RESULTS Thirteen studies (849 participants) were included. The meta-analysis showed a significant increase in peak oxygen consumption (mean difference [MD] = 2.18 mL·kg-1·min-1 [95% CI = 0.54 to 3.83]), inspiratory muscle strength (MD = 16.62 cm H2O [95% CI = 12.48 to 20.77]), inspiratory muscle endurance (standardized mean difference = 0.39 [95% CI = 0.19 to 0.60]), and expiratory muscle strength (MD = 14.52 cm H2O [95% CI = 5.51 to 23.53]). There were no benefits in 6-minute walking distance (MD = 37.57 m [95% CI = -36.34 to 111.48]), HRQoL (standardized mean difference = 0.22 [95% CI = -0.16 to 0.60]), pulmonary function (forced vital capacity; MD = 2.07% of predicted value [95% CI = -0.90 to 5.03], or forced expiratory volume at the first second (MD = -0.75% of predicted value [95% CI = -5.45 to 3.95]). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis provided high- and moderate-quality evidence that inspiratory muscle training (IMT) improves inspiratory muscle strength and endurance, respectively; and very low-quality evidence for effects on peak oxygen consumption and expiratory muscle strength in individuals with IHD. No superior effects were found in the 6-minute walking test, HRQoL, or pulmonary function compared with the control group. IMPACT The results shown in this systematic review with meta-analysis will provide clinicians a better understanding of the effects of IMT in people with IHD. IMT could be integrated into the cardiac rehabilitation management, although more research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Fabero-Garrido
- Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tamara Del Corral
- Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Grupo InPhysio, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gustavo Plaza-Manzano
- Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Grupo InPhysio, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paz Sanz-Ayan
- Multidisciplinary Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Rehabilitation, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Izquierdo-García
- Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Multidisciplinary Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Rehabilitation, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ibai López-de-Uralde-Villanueva
- Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Grupo InPhysio, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
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Cursino de Moura JF, Oliveira CB, Coelho Figueira Freire AP, Elkins MR, Pacagnelli FL. Preoperative respiratory muscle training reduces the risk of pulmonary complications and the length of hospital stay after cardiac surgery: a systematic review. J Physiother 2024; 70:16-24. [PMID: 38036402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphys.2023.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
QUESTIONS What is the effect of preoperative respiratory muscle training (RMT) on the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) after open cardiac surgery? What is the effect of RMT on the duration of mechanical ventilation, postoperative length of stay and respiratory muscle strength? DESIGN Systematic review of randomised trials with meta-analysis. PARTICIPANTS Adults undergoing elective open cardiac surgery. INTERVENTION The experimental groups received preoperative RMT and the comparison groups received no intervention. OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcomes were PPCs, length of hospital stay, respiratory muscle strength, oxygenation and duration of mechanical ventilation. The methodological quality of studies was assessed using the PEDro scale and the overall certainty of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. RESULTS Eight trials involving 696 participants were included. Compared with the control group, the respiratory training group had fewer PPCs (RR 0.51, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.70), less pneumonia (RR 0.44, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.78), shorter hospital stay (MD -1.7 days, 95% CI -2.4 to -1.1) and higher maximal inspiratory pressure values at the end of the training protocol (MD 12 cmH2O, 95% CI 8 to 16). The mechanical ventilation time was similar in both groups. The quality of evidence was high for pneumonia, length of hospital stay and maximal inspiratory pressure. CONCLUSION Preoperative RMT reduced the risk of PPCs and pneumonia after cardiac surgery. The training also improved the maximal inspiratory pressure and reduced hospital stay. The effects on PPCs were large enough to warrant use of RMT in this population. REGISTRATION CRD42021227779.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mark Russell Elkins
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Sydney Education, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
| | - Francis Lopes Pacagnelli
- Physiotherapy Department, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, Brazil.
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Xiang Y, Zhao Q, Luo T, Zeng L. Inspiratory muscle training to reduce risk of pulmonary complications after coronary artery bypass grafting: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1223619. [PMID: 37560113 PMCID: PMC10408668 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1223619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary complications occur in a substantial proportion of patients who undergo coronary artery bypass grafting. Inspiratory muscle training (IMT), a simple, well-tolerated physical therapy, has been proposed to reduce the risk of complications, but its efficacy remains controversial. METHOD Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the influence of IMT on the risk of pulmonary complications after coronary artery bypass grafting were identified from PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, CINAL, and Web of Science through March 2023. Data were meta-analyzed for the primary outcomes of pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, pleural effusion, and atelectasis; and in terms of the secondary outcomes of maximum inspiratory pressure, maximum expiratory pressure, length of hospitalization, 6 min walk test, and peak expiratory flow and other outcomes. Risk of bias and quality of evidence assessments were carried out using the RoB 2.0 and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) applied to primary outcomes of pulmonary complications. RESULTS Data from eight RCTs involving 755 patients were meta-analyzed. IMT was associated with a significantly lower risk of postoperative pneumonia [relative risk (RR) 0.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.25-0.62, P < 0.0001] and atelectasis (RR 0.43, 95% CI 0.27-0.67, P = 0.0002), but not pleural effusion (RR 1.09, 95% CI 0.62-1.93, P = 0.76). IMT was associated with significantly better maximum inspiratory pressure (preoperative: mean difference (MD) 16.55 cmH2O, 95% CI 13.86-19.24, P < 0.00001; postoperative: mean difference (MD) 8.99 cmH2O, 95% CI 2.39-15.60, P = 0.008) and maximum expiratory pressure (MD 7.15 cmH2O, 95% CI: 1.52-12.79, P = 0.01), and with significantly shorter hospitalization (MD -1.71 days, 95% CI -2.56 to -0.87, P < 0.001). IMT did not significantly affect peak expiratory flow or distance traveled during the 6 min walk test. CONCLUSIONS The available evidence from medium and high quality trials suggests that IMT can significantly decrease the risk of pneumonia and atelectasis after coronary artery bypass grafting while shortening hospitalization and improving the strength of respiratory muscles. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier: CRD42023415817.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ling Zeng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Cook A, Smith L, Anderson C, Ewing N, Gammack A, Pecover M, Sime N, Galley HF. The effect of Preoperative threshold inspiratory muscle training in adults undergoing cardiac surgery on postoperative hospital stay: a systematic review. Physiother Theory Pract 2023; 39:690-703. [PMID: 35196184 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2022.2025548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systematic reviews have reported benefits of preoperative inspiratory muscle training in adults undergoing cardiac surgery, however there have been inconsistencies with the devices used. Threshold devices generate a constant inspiratory load independent of respiratory rate. OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of preoperative inspiratory muscle training using threshold devices in adults undergoing cardiac surgery. METHODS A literature search was conducted across five electronic databases. Seven randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria and were critically appraised. The primary outcome was length of hospital stay. Secondary outcomes included postoperative pulmonary complications, quality of life and mortality. RESULTS Seven eligible randomized controlled trials were identified with a total of 642 participants. One study was a post hoc analysis of one of the included studies. Three out of five studies reported a decrease in length of postoperative hospital stay (p < 0.05). A significant reduction in postoperative pulmonary complications was reported by three studies (p < 0.05). There were concerns with bias across all papers. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative threshold inspiratory muscle training has potential to reduce postoperative length of hospital stay and pulmonary complications after cardiac surgery. The evidence on quality of life and mortality is inconclusive. The overall evidence for these conclusions may be influenced by bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Cook
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Laura Smith
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Callum Anderson
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Nicole Ewing
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Ashley Gammack
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Mark Pecover
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Nicole Sime
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Helen F Galley
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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Kunadharaju R, Saradna A, Ray A, Yu H, Ji W, Zafron M, Mador MJ. Post-Operative Outcomes of Pre-Thoracic Surgery Respiratory Muscle Training vs Aerobic Exercise Training: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2022; 104:790-798. [PMID: 36539175 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2022.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the postoperative outcomes of preoperative respiratory muscle training (RMT) with a device to preoperative aerobic exercise training (AET) in patients undergoing thoracic surgeries (cardiac and lung). DATA SOURCES PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Web of Science were comprehensively searched upon inception to 9/2020. STUDY SELECTION All randomized control studies, including preoperative RMT and preoperative AET compared with a non-training control group, were included. DATA EXTRACTION The meta-analysis was performed for outcomes including postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC), pneumonia, postoperative respiratory failure (PRF), hospital length of stay (HLOS), and mortality. We performed a network meta-analysis based on Bayesian random-effects regression models. DATA SYNTHESIS A total of 25 studies, 2070 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Pooled data for the patients who performed RMT with a device showed a reduction in PPCs, pneumonia, PRF with odds ratio (OR) of 0.35 (P value .006), 0.38 (P value .002), and 0.22 (P value .008), respectively. Pooled data for the patients who performed AET showed reduction in PPC, pneumonia with a OR of 0.33 (P value <.00001) and OR of 0.54 (P value .01), respectively. HLOS was decreased by 1.69 days (P value <.00001) by performing RMT and 1.79 days (P value .0008) by performing AET compared with the usual group. No significant difference in all-cause mortality compared with usual care in both RMT and AET intervention groups. No significant difference in the incidence of PRF compared with usual group in RMT + AET and AET alone intervention groups (OR 0.32; P=.21; OR 0.94; P=.87). Based on rank probability plots analysis, on network meta-analysis, RMT and AET ranked similarly on the primary outcome of PPC and secondary outcomes of pneumonia, PRF and HLOS. CONCLUSIONS In thoracic surgeries, preoperative RMT is comparable with preoperative AET to prevent PPC, pneumonia, and PRF and reduce HLOS. It can be considered in patients in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kunadharaju
- University at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Buffalo, NY.
| | - Arjun Saradna
- University at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Buffalo, NY
| | - Andrew Ray
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Prevention & Control, Buffalo, NY
| | - Han Yu
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Buffalo, NY
| | - Wenyan Ji
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Center for Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Michelle Zafron
- University at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Reference and Education Services, Buffalo, NY
| | - Martin Jeffery Mador
- University at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Buffalo, NY; VA WNY Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY
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Effectiveness of Preoperative Chest Physiotherapy in Patients Undergoing Elective Cardiac Surgery, a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58070911. [PMID: 35888629 PMCID: PMC9319848 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58070911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Patients undergoing cardiac surgery are particularly vulnerable for developing postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the role of preoperative chest physiotherapy in such patients. Materials and Methods: All original articles that assessed patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery, with preoperative chest physiotherapy, and compared them to patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery, without preoperative chest physiotherapy, were included. Animal studies, studies conducted prior to the year 2000, commentaries, or general discussion papers whose authors did not present original data were excluded. Studies assessing physiotherapy regimens other than chest physiotherapy were also excluded. The search was performed using the following electronic resources: the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the PubMed central database, and Embase. The included studies were assessed for potential bias using the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing the risk of bias. Each article was read carefully, and any relevant data were extracted. The extracted data were registered, tabulated, and analyzed using Review Manager software. Results: A total of 10 articles investigating 1458 patients were included in the study. The studies were published from 2006 to 2019. The populations were patients scheduled for elective CABG/cardiac surgery, and they were classified into two groups: the interventional (I) group, involving 651 patients, and the control (C) group, involving 807 patients. The meta-analysis demonstrated no significant differences between the interventional and control groups in surgery time and ICU duration, but a significant difference was found in the time of mechanical ventilation and the length of hospital stay, favoring the interventional group. A significant difference was shown in the forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1% predicted), forced vital capacity (FVC% predicted), and maximum inspiratory pressure (Pi-max), favoring the interventional group. Conclusions: This study is limited by the fact that one of the included ten studies was not an RCT. Moreover, due to lack of the assessment of certain variables in some studies, the highest number of studies included in a meta-analysis was the hospital stay length (eight studies), and the other variables were analyzed in a fewer number of studies. The data obtained can be considered as initial results until more inclusive RCTs are conducted involving a larger meta-analysis. However, in the present study, the intervention was proved to be protective against the occurrence of PPCs. The current work concluded that preoperative chest physiotherapy can yield better outcomes in patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery.
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Kalaiselvan J, Kashav RC, Kohli JK, Magoon R, Shri I, Grover V, Jhajharia NS. ICU Readmission in Cardiac Surgical Subset: A Problem Worth Pondering. JOURNAL OF CARDIAC CRITICAL CARE TSS 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1759816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractOver the past decades, there have been noteworthy advancements in the cardiac surgical practice that have assisted fast-tracking and enhanced recovery after cardiac surgery (ERACS). With that said, intensive care unit (ICU) readmission in this high-risk patient cohort entails a significant morbidity–mortality burden. As an extension of the same, there has been a heightened emphasis on a comprehensive evaluation of the predisposition to readmission following a primary ICU discharge. However, the variability of the institutional perioperative practices and the research complexities compound our understanding of this heterogeneous outcome of readmission, which is intricately linked to both patient and organizational factors. Moreover, a discussion on ICU readmission in the recent times can only be rendered comprehensive when staged in close conjunction to the fast-tracking practices in cardiac surgery. From a more positive probing of the matter, a preventative outlook can likely mitigate a part of the larger problem of ICU readmission. Herein, focused cardiac prehabilitation programs can play a potential role given the emerging literature on the positive impact of the former on the most relevant readmission causes. Therefore, the index review article aims to address the subject of cardiac surgical ICU readmission, highlighting the magnitude and burden, the causes and risk-factors, and the research complexities alongside deliberating the topic in the present-day context of ERACS and cardiac prehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaffrey Kalaiselvan
- Department of Cardiac Anaesthesia, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences (ABVIMS) and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, Baba Kharak Singh Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramesh Chand Kashav
- Department of Cardiac Anaesthesia, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences (ABVIMS) and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, Baba Kharak Singh Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Jasvinder Kaur Kohli
- Department of Cardiac Anaesthesia, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences (ABVIMS) and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, Baba Kharak Singh Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Rohan Magoon
- Department of Cardiac Anaesthesia, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences (ABVIMS) and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, Baba Kharak Singh Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Iti Shri
- Department of Cardiac Anaesthesia, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences (ABVIMS) and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, Baba Kharak Singh Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Vijay Grover
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences (ABVIMS) and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, Baba Kharak Singh Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Narender Singh Jhajharia
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences (ABVIMS) and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, Baba Kharak Singh Marg, New Delhi, India
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Exercise Training and Interventions for Coronary Artery Disease. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9050131. [PMID: 35621842 PMCID: PMC9146277 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9050131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) may be considered a main cause of mortality and the prevalence of CAD is increasing nowadays, leading to high health costs in many countries. Despite the fact of the regression of the atherosclerotic plaque, the decrease in blood viscosity and the growth of collateral vessels have been proposed as improvements that CAD patients may obtain under exercise performance. Thus, the present narrative review aimed to carry out a brief specific analysis of the results achieved when performing endurance, strength or inspiratory muscle training. Exercise attenuates certain pathophysiological processes of this disease, such as endothelial dysfunction or the vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaques, and produces improvements in functional capacity and muscle strength, among others. Within the different exercise modalities, the most important parameter to be considered seems to be the total caloric expenditure, and not so much the modality itself. As such, in cardiac rehabilitation, when prescribing exercise, we should possibly focus on the modality that obtains more adherence in patients. To conclude, it must be highlighted that total caloric expenditure is not being taken into account when comparing interventions and this relevant information should be considered in future studies.
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Respiratory Prehabilitation for the Prevention of Postoperative Pulmonary Complications after Major Surgery. CURRENT ANESTHESIOLOGY REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40140-021-00495-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Bubnova MG, Aronov DM, Sprikut AA, Stankevich DI, Poddubskaya EA, Persiyanova-Dubrova AL. Prehabilitation as an important stage before cardiac surgery. КАРДИОВАСКУЛЯРНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКА 2021. [DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2021-2998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The review discusses the preparation of patients for surgery on the heart and other organs. We considered the importance of introducing a new stage of medical and cardiology rehabilitation — prehabilitation. The results of randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews and metaanalyzes evaluating the effectiveness of respiratory techniques and physical training during the prehabilitation are presented. Particular attention is paid to the involvement of patients in prehabilitation programs before the elective coronary artery bypass grafting. Methodological problems arising in the development of prehabilitation programs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. G. Bubnova
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
| | - D. M. Aronov
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
| | | | | | - E. A. Poddubskaya
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
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Perry R, Herbert G, Atkinson C, England C, Northstone K, Baos S, Brush T, Chong A, Ness A, Harris J, Haase A, Shah S, Pufulete M. Pre-admission interventions (prehabilitation) to improve outcome after major elective surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e050806. [PMID: 34593498 PMCID: PMC8487197 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the benefits and harms of pre-admission interventions (prehabilitation) on postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing major elective surgery. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) (published or unpublished). We searched Medline, Embase, CENTRAL, DARE, HTA and NHS EED, The Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsychINFO and ISI Web of Science (June 2020). SETTING Secondary care. PARTICIPANTS Patients (≥18 years) undergoing major elective surgery (curative or palliative). INTERVENTIONS Any intervention administered in the preoperative period with the aim of improving postoperative outcomes. OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Primary outcomes were 30-day mortality, hospital length of stay (LoS) and postoperative complications. Secondary outcomes included LoS in intensive care unit or high dependency unit, perioperative morbidity, hospital readmission, postoperative pain, heath-related quality of life, outcomes specific to the intervention, intervention-specific adverse events and resource use. REVIEW METHODS Two authors independently extracted data from eligible RCTs and assessed risk of bias and the certainty of evidence using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation. Random-effects meta-analyses were used to pool data across trials. RESULTS 178 RCTs including eight types of intervention were included. Inspiratory muscle training (IMT), immunonutrition and multimodal interventions reduced hospital LoS (mean difference vs usual care: -1.81 days, 95% CI -2.31 to -1.31; -2.11 days, 95% CI -3.07 to -1.15; -1.67 days, 95% CI -2.31 to -1.03, respectively). Immunonutrition reduced infective complications (risk ratio (RR) 0.64 95% CI 0.40 to 1.01) and IMT, and exercise reduced postoperative pulmonary complications (RR 0.55, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.80, and RR 0.54, 95% CI 0.39 to 0.75, respectively). Smoking cessation interventions reduced wound infections (RR 0.28, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.64). CONCLUSIONS Some prehabilitation interventions may reduce postoperative LoS and complications but the quality of the evidence was low. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42015019191.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Perry
- NIHR Bristol BRC, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Georgia Herbert
- NIHR Bristol BRC, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Charlotte Atkinson
- NIHR Bristol BRC, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Clare England
- NIHR Bristol BRC, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kate Northstone
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sarah Baos
- Bristol Trials Centre (CTEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Tim Brush
- Bristol Trials Centre (CTEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Amanda Chong
- NIHR Bristol BRC, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Andy Ness
- NIHR Bristol BRC, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Oral and Dental Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jessica Harris
- Bristol Trials Centre (CTEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Anne Haase
- Faculty of Health, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Sanjoy Shah
- University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Maria Pufulete
- Bristol Trials Centre (CTEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Preoperative Exercise Training to Prevent Postoperative Pulmonary Complications in Adults Undergoing Major Surgery. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis with Trial Sequential Analysis. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021; 18:678-688. [PMID: 33030962 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.202002-183oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Poor preoperative physical fitness and respiratory muscle weakness are associated with postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) that result in prolonged hospital length of stay and increased mortality.Objectives: To examine the effect of preoperative exercise training on the risk of PPCs across different surgical settings.Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase, the Physiotherapy Evidence Database, and the Cochrane Central Register, without language restrictions, for studies from inception to July 2020. We included randomized controlled trials that compared patients receiving exercise training with those receiving usual care or sham training before cardiac, lung, esophageal, or abdominal surgery. PPCs were the main outcome; secondary outcomes were preoperative functional changes and postoperative mortality, cardiovascular complications, and hospital length of stay. The study was registered with PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews).Results: From 29 studies, 2,070 patients were pooled for meta-analysis. Compared with the control condition, preoperative exercise training was associated with a lower incidence of PPCs (23 studies, 1,864 patients; relative risk, 0.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.41 to 0.66; grading of evidence, moderate); Trial Sequential Analysis confirmed effectiveness, and there was no evidence of difference of effect across surgeries, type of training (respiratory muscles, endurance or combined), or preoperative duration of training. At the end of the preoperative period, exercise training resulted in increased peak oxygen uptake (weighted mean difference [WMD], +2 ml/kg/min; 99% CI, 0.3 to 3.7) and higher maximal inspiratory pressure (WMD, +12.2 cm H2O; 99% CI, 6.3 to 18.2). Hospital length of stay was shortened (WMD, -2.3 d; 99% CI, -3.82 to -0.75) in the intervention group, whereas no difference was found in postoperative mortality.Conclusions: Preoperative exercise training improves physical fitness and reduces the risk of developing PPCs while minimizing hospital resources use, regardless of the type of intervention and surgery performed.Systematic review registered with https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ (CRD 42018096956).
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Rodrigues SN, Henriques HR, Henriques MA. Effectiveness of preoperative breathing exercise interventions in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: A systematic review. Rev Port Cardiol 2021; 40:229-244. [PMID: 33707091 DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2020.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Postoperative pulmonary complications are a common cause of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing cardiac surgery, leading to an increase in length of hospital stay and healthcare costs. This systematic literature review aims to determine whether patients undergoing cardiac surgery who undergo preoperative breathing exercise training have better postoperative outcomes such as respiratory parameters, postoperative pulmonary complications, and length of hospital stay. Systematic searches were performed in the CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Clinical Answers, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE and MedicLatina databases. Studies were included if they examined adult patients scheduled for elective cardiac surgery, who underwent a preoperative breathing exercise training aimed at improving breathing parameters, preventing postoperative pulmonary complications, and reducing hospital length of stay. This systematic review was based on Cochrane and Prisma statement recommendations in the design, literature search, analysis, and reporting of the review. The search yielded 608 records. Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. Ten studies were randomized controlled trials and one was an observational cohort study. Data from 1240 participants was retrieved from these studies and meta-analysis was performed whenever possible. A preoperative breathing intervention on patients undergoing cardiac surgery may help improve respiratory performance after surgery, reduce postoperative pulmonary complications and hospital length of stay. However, more trials are needed to support and strengthen the evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraia Nicola Rodrigues
- Lisbon University, Lisbon, Portugal; Lisbon Nursing School, Lisbon, Portugal; Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Oporto, Portugal.
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Rodrigues SN, Henriques HR, Henriques MA. Effectiveness of preoperative breathing exercise interventions in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: A systematic review. REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repce.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Liu Y, Dai Y, Liu Z, Zhan H, Zhu M, Chen X, Zhang S, Zhang G, Xue L, Duan C, Chen J, Guo L, He P, Tan N. The Safety and Efficacy of Inspiratory Muscle Training for Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 7:598054. [PMID: 33511161 PMCID: PMC7835280 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.598054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Uncommonly high rates of pneumonia in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) have been observed during recent years. Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) could reduce pneumonia in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting and other cardiac surgeries. The relationship between IMT and AMI is unknown. Here, we describe the feasibility and potential benefit of IMT in patients at high risk for pneumonia with AMI who have undergone primary PCI. Methods: Our study is a prospective, randomized, controlled, single-center clinical trial. A total of 60 participants will be randomized into an IMT group and control group with 30 participants in each group. Participants in the IMT group will undergo training for 15 min per session, twice a day, from 12 to 24 h after primary PCI, until 30 days post-randomization; usual care will be provided for the control group. The primary endpoint is the change in inspiratory muscle strength, the secondary endpoint included feasibility, pneumonia, major adverse cardiovascular events, length of stay, pulmonary function tests measure, and quality of life. Discussion: Our study is designed to evaluate the feasibility of IMT and its effectiveness in improving inspiratory muscle strength in participants with AMI who have undergone primary PCI. Clinical Trial Registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT04491760.
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Affiliation(s)
- YuanHui Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - YiNing Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - HuiMin Zhan
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Manyu Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - XianYuan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - ShengQing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - GuoLin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Xue
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - ChongYang Duan
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - JiYan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - PengCheng He
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Tan
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Qin PP, Jin JY, Wang WJ, Min S. Perioperative breathing training to prevent postoperative pulmonary complications in patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery: A randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil 2020; 35:692-702. [PMID: 33283533 DOI: 10.1177/0269215520972648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether perioperative breathing training reduces the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications in patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery. DESIGN A randomized controlled trial. SETTING University hospital. SUBJECTS A total of 240 patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery participated in this study. INTERVENTION The enrolled patients were randomized into an intervention or control group. Patients in the intervention group received perioperative breathing training, including deep breathing and coughing exercise, balloon-blowing exercise, and pursed lip breathing exercise. The control group received standard perioperative care without any breathing training. MAIN MEASURES The primary endpoint was the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications. The secondary objectives were to evaluate the effect of perioperative breathing training on arterial oxygenation, incidence of other postoperative complications, patient satisfaction, length of stay, and hospital charges. RESULTS The incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications in the breathing training group was lower than that in the control group (5/120 [4%] vs 14/120 [12%]; RR 0.357, 95%CI 0.133-0.960; P = 0.031). In addition, PaO2 and arterial oxygenation index on the first and fourth days after surgery were significantly higher in the breathing training group than in the control group (P < 0.001). In addition, patients with breathing training had shorter length of stay (6d [IQR 5-7] vs 8d [IQR 7-9]), lower hospital charges (7761 ± 1679 vs 8212 ± 1326), and higher patient satisfaction (9.46 ± 0.65 vs 9.21 ± 0.47) than those without. CONCLUSION Perioperative breathing training may reduce the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications and preserve of arterial oxygenation after laparoscopic colorectal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Pei Qin
- The Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ju-Ying Jin
- The Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen-Jian Wang
- The Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Su Min
- The Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Fortes JVS, Borges MGB, Marques MJDS, Oliveira RL, Rocha LRD, Castro ÉMD, Esquivel MS, Borges DL. Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training Using an Electronic Device on Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.36660/ijcs.20190093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Hill A, Arora RC, Engelman DT, Stoppe C. Preoperative Treatment of Malnutrition and Sarcopenia in Cardiac Surgery: New Frontiers. Crit Care Clin 2020; 36:593-616. [PMID: 32892816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccc.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac surgery is performed more often in a population with an increasing number of comorbidities. Although these surgeries can be lifesaving, they disturb homeostasis and may induce a temporary overall loss of physiologic function. The required postoperative intensive care unit and hospital stay often lead to a mid- to long-term decline of nutritional and physical status, mental health, and health-related quality of life. Prehabilitation before elective surgery might be an opportunity to optimize the state of the patient. This article discusses current evidence and potential effects of preoperative optimization of nutrition and physical status before cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen Hill
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, 3CARE-Cardiovascular Critical Care & Anesthesia Evaluation and Research, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, Aachen D-52074, Germany.
| | - Rakesh C Arora
- Cardiac Sciences Program, St. Boniface Hospital, CR3015-369 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2H 2A6, Canada; Department of Surgery, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Daniel T Engelman
- Heart and Vascular Program, Baystate Health and University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, 759 Chestnut Street, Springfield, MA 01199, USA
| | - Christian Stoppe
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, 3CARE-Cardiovascular Critical Care & Anesthesia Evaluation and Research, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, Aachen D-52074, Germany; Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Critical appraisal on the impact of preoperative rehabilitation and outcomes after major abdominal and cardiothoracic surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Surgery 2020; 167:540-549. [DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2019.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Boreskie KF, Hay JL, Kehler DS, Johnston NM, Rose AV, Oldfield CJ, Kumar K, Toleva O, Arora RC, Duhamel TA. Prehabilitation. Clin Geriatr Med 2019; 35:571-585. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cger.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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McCann M, Stamp N, Ngui A, Litton E. Cardiac Prehabilitation. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2019; 33:2255-2265. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Chen X, Hou L, Zhang Y, Liu X, Shao B, Yuan B, Li J, Li M, Cheng H, Teng L, Guo M, Wang Z, Chen T, Liu J, Liu Y, Liu Z, Liu X, Guo Q. The effects of five days of intensive preoperative inspiratory muscle training on postoperative complications and outcome in patients having cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil 2019; 33:913-922. [PMID: 30722696 DOI: 10.1177/0269215519828212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prophylactic efficacy of short-term intensive preoperative inspiratory muscle training on the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications in patients scheduled for cardiac surgery. DESIGN Single-blind, randomized controlled pilot study. SETTING TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, China. SUBJECTS In total, 197 subjects aged ⩾50 years scheduled for cardiac surgery were selected. INTERVENTION The intervention group ( n = 98) received five days of preoperative inspiratory muscle training on top of the usual care received by the patients in the control group ( n = 99). MAIN MEASURES The primary outcome variable was the occurrence of postoperative pulmonary complications. The secondary outcome variables were inspiratory muscle strength, lung function and length of hospitalization. RESULTS After cardiac surgery, a total of 10 (10.2%) of the 98 patients in the intervention group and 27 (27.3%) of 99 patients in the control group had postoperative pulmonary complications (risk ratio, 0.23; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.09-0.58, P = 0.002). The study revealed that, compared with the control group, the intervention group had a significant increase in inspiratory muscle strength (by 10.48 cm H2O, P < 0.001), forced expiratory volume in the first second of expiration (FEV1) %predicted (by 3.75%, P = 0.030), forced vital capacity (FVC) %predicted (by 4.15%, P = 0.008) and maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) %predicted (by 6.44%, P = 0.034). Length of hospital stay was 7.51 (2.83) days in the intervention group and 9.38 (3.10) days in the control group ( P = 0.039). CONCLUSION A five-day intensive pattern of preoperative inspiratory muscle training reduced the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications and duration of postoperative hospitalization in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Chen
- 1 Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Cardiovascular Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,2 Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Hou
- 1 Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Cardiovascular Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,2 Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- 1 Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Cardiovascular Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,2 Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangjing Liu
- 1 Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Cardiovascular Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bohan Shao
- 1 Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Cardiovascular Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- 1 Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Cardiovascular Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Li
- 1 Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Cardiovascular Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Li
- 3 Department of Cardiac Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Cardiovascular Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- 3 Department of Cardiac Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Cardiovascular Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Teng
- 3 Department of Cardiac Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Cardiovascular Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingdi Guo
- 3 Department of Cardiac Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Cardiovascular Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhengqing Wang
- 3 Department of Cardiac Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Cardiovascular Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tienan Chen
- 3 Department of Cardiac Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Cardiovascular Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- 3 Department of Cardiac Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Cardiovascular Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaping Liu
- 3 Department of Cardiac Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Cardiovascular Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- 3 Department of Cardiac Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Cardiovascular Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaocheng Liu
- 3 Department of Cardiac Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Cardiovascular Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Guo
- 1 Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Cardiovascular Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,2 Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Prediction of Post Operative Complication in Patients with Valvular Heart Surgery Based on O2 Challenge Test and A-A Gradient. CURRENT HEALTH SCIENCES JOURNAL 2019; 44:268-273. [PMID: 30647947 PMCID: PMC6311230 DOI: 10.12865/chsj.44.03.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Patients with valvular heart diseases may have more physiological lung derangements and therefore at current
study we studied correlation of O2 challenge, A-AG tests and spirometry values of patients who underwent
valve surgery on post op respiratory complications. Method: 180 adult patients undergoing non-emergency
cardiac valvular surgery were studied. On operating room all patients had arterial blood gas profile (ABG)
at room air, 20 minutes after putting on ventilator with 100% O2, and pump oxygenator. Pulmonary function
tests, alveolar Oxygen Pressure, mean Arterial pressure of carbon dioxide and alveolar -arterial gradients
measured. Results: FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC%, pressure of arterial Blood Gasses (O2 and CO2) with fraction of
inspired oxygen of 100% and air (PO2-100 and PO2-air), were significantly different between patients with
POPC and patients without POPC (p-value <0.05). Indeed PO2-100 and PO2-air were significantly lower in
patients with POPC. A-AG100 (p-value: 0.02) and A -AG21 (p-value: 0.02) were significantly higher in patients
with POPC in comparison with patients without POPC. The AUC of A-AG100 for predicting POPC was 0.59 (95%
confidence interval (CI) 0.51-0.67). The optimal cut point of A-AG100 was 311 and showed evidence of high
relatively sensitivity of 80% and a negative predictive value of 61%. Conclusion: Valvular heart surgery
still has significant post op complication and mortality. There is significant correlation between A-AG100,
A-AG21 percent, PaO2100, and FEV1/FVC with post op complications in these patients. We recommend measurement
of these values in pre op evaluation of patient who need cardiac surgery.
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Ge X, Wang W, Hou L, Yang K, Fa X. Inspiratory muscle training is associated with decreased postoperative pulmonary complications: Evidence from randomized trials. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 156:1290-1300.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.02.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Perelló-Díez M, Paz-Lourido B. Prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications through preoperative physiotherapy interventions in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft: literature review. J Phys Ther Sci 2018; 30:1034-1038. [PMID: 30154596 PMCID: PMC6110234 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.30.1034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of this review is to identify which preoperative physiotherapy interventions are applied in patients undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft. [Participants and Methods] A literature review was carried out using the databases EBSCOhost, Pubmed, LILACS, IBECS, Cochrane and PEDro. Taking into consideration the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 14 studies published in 2006-2017 about preoperative physiotherapy to Coronary Artery Bypass Graft in adults were selected. [Results] Preoperative physiotherapy included interventions such as inspiratory muscle training, aerobic exercise, education in breathing exercises and counselling. Most of the studies described a combination of these interventions illustrating benefits for patients as decreasing the risk of developing postoperative pulmonary complications, reducing the length of hospitalization as well as time to extubation, anxiety and depression. [Conclusion] Preoperative Physiotherapy in patients undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft includes different interventions, and their effects have been evaluated mainly through a combination of them. These combined interventions, particularly those with an inspiratory muscle training component reduce postoperative pulmonary complications. More studies are needed to identify their impact for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Perelló-Díez
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of the
Balearic Islands: Edifici Beatriu de Pinós, Carretera de Valldemossa Km. 7.5, 07122 Palma,
Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Berta Paz-Lourido
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of the
Balearic Islands: Edifici Beatriu de Pinós, Carretera de Valldemossa Km. 7.5, 07122 Palma,
Balearic Islands, Spain
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Kendall F, Oliveira J, Peleteiro B, Pinho P, Bastos PT. Inspiratory muscle training is effective to reduce postoperative pulmonary complications and length of hospital stay: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Disabil Rehabil 2018; 40:864-882. [PMID: 28093920 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2016.1277396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study systematically review and meta-analyse the effectiveness of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) to reduce postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC) and length of hospital stay (LOS), both in the preoperative and/or postoperative periods of cardiac, pulmonary, and abdominal surgical patients. Sensitive analysis was performed to examine which patients benefit more from IMT according to methodological features (quality of studies and sample size), patient's characteristics (pulmonary risk stratification, age, and body mass index), type of surgery, period of training, and training protocols (training doses and level of supervision). METHODS The literature search was made in the electronic databases PubMed®, EBSCO, Web of Science®, PEDro and Scopus®. Only randomized controlled trials were included. Data extraction, quality assessment and meta-analysis were performed. RESULTS We included 17 randomized controlled trials in the systematic review, of which, 12 were included for the PPC meta-analysis and 11 for the LOS meta-analysis. IMT significantly reduced the risk of PPC (Risk Ratio (RR) = 0.50, 95%CI: 0.39, 0.64, I2 = 0.0%), and a decrease in LOS (Mean Difference = -1.41, 95%CI: -2.07, -0.75, I2 = 0.0%). CONCLUSION IMT is effective to reduce PPC and LOS in patients undergoing surgery. Implications for Rehabilitation Physiotherapy interventions with inspiratory muscle training (IMT) are effective to reduce postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC) and length of hospital stay (LOS) after major surgery, and should start preoperatively. Rehabilitation with IMT is beneficial at all ages and risk levels, but older and high-risk patients benefit more, as well as pulmonary surgery patients. IMT is more effective if it is supervised, and prescription target at least two-week period, sessions with more than 15 minutes, with imposed load increment, and adding other exercise modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Kendall
- a Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery , Centro Hospitalar de São João , Porto , Portugal
- b Polytechnic Health Institute of the North, CESPU, Gandra , Paredes , Portugal
- c Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - José Oliveira
- c Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Bárbara Peleteiro
- d EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
- e Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health , Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Paulo Pinho
- a Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery , Centro Hospitalar de São João , Porto , Portugal
| | - Pedro Teixeira Bastos
- a Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery , Centro Hospitalar de São João , Porto , Portugal
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Marmelo F, Rocha V, Moreira-Gonçalves D. The impact of prehabilitation on post-surgical complications in patients undergoing non-urgent cardiovascular surgical intervention: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2018; 25:404-417. [DOI: 10.1177/2047487317752373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Cardiac surgery is an aggressive procedure, inducing a great level of stress and disturbance to the homeostasis of the organism and underlying several postoperative complications. Surgical prehabilitation comprises pre-operative physical conditioning designed to improve the physiological and functional capacities of the individual, prepare the organism for surgical stress and reduce the risk of postoperative morbidity. Aim This systematic review and meta-analysis is aimed at evaluating the ability of prehabilitation to prevent post-surgical complications in cardiac patients. Methods We selected studies conducted among patients who were waiting for non-urgent cardiac surgical procedures, where a comparison between prehabilitation and standard treatment was made. A total of 3650 possible studies were researched, of which eight were selected for inclusion. Results A reduction in the number of complications in the groups submitted to prehabilitation (odds ratio = 0.41; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.28–0.62; p < 0.001; I2 = 0%) was observed, as well as a significant increase in maximal inspiratory pressure (standard mean difference (SMD) = 0.66; 95% CI: 0.35–0.96; p < 0.001; I2 = 58%), a non-significant decrease in the length of stay (SMD = –0.56; 95% CI: −1.13, 0.01; p = 0.05; I2 = 93%), a non-significant increase in the distance walked by the intervention group in the six-minute walk test (SMD = 0.89; 95% CI −0.06, 1.84; p = 0.07) and a lack of effect on mechanical ventilation time (SMD = −0.03; 95% CI: −0.22, 0.16; p = 0.75; I2 = 0%). Conclusion Prehabilitation reduces the number of post-surgical complications and increases maximal inspiratory pressure; a reduction in the length of stay and an improvement of functional capacities are also probable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Marmelo
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Vânia Rocha
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- São Martinho Hospital, Valongo, Portugal
| | - Daniel Moreira-Gonçalves
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- CIAFEL, Faculdade de Desporto, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
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Bokeriya LA, Aronov DM. Russian clinical guidelines Coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with ischemic heart disease: rehabilitation and secondary prevention. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.26442/cs45210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Heldens AFJM, Bongers BC, de Vos-Geelen J, van Meeteren NLU, Lenssen AF. Reply to: Exercising patient-centredness in prehabilitation programs. Eur J Surg Oncol 2016; 43:511-512. [PMID: 27810333 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A F J M Heldens
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Physical Therapy, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - B C Bongers
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - J de Vos-Geelen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - N L U van Meeteren
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; Top Sector Life Sciences & Health/Health∼Holland, P.O. Box 93035, 2509 AA The Hague, The Netherlands.
| | - A F Lenssen
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Physical Therapy, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Preoperative exercise therapy in surgical care: a scoping review. J Clin Anesth 2016; 33:476-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2016.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Gomes Neto M, Martinez BP, Reis HFC, Carvalho VO. Pre- and postoperative inspiratory muscle training in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Rehabil 2016; 31:454-464. [DOI: 10.1177/0269215516648754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mansueto Gomes Neto
- Departamento de Biofunção, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina e Saúde da Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- The GREAT Group (GRupo de Estudos em ATividade física), Brazil
| | - Bruno P Martinez
- Departamento de Fisioterapia da Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Helena FC Reis
- Departamento de Biofunção, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Vitor O Carvalho
- The GREAT Group (GRupo de Estudos em ATividade física), Brazil
- Departamento de Fisioterapia da Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
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Powell R, Scott NW, Manyande A, Bruce J, Vögele C, Byrne‐Davis LMT, Unsworth M, Osmer C, Johnston M. Psychological preparation and postoperative outcomes for adults undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016; 2016:CD008646. [PMID: 27228096 PMCID: PMC8687603 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd008646.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a review and meta-analysis conducted in 1993, psychological preparation was found to be beneficial for a range of outcome variables including pain, behavioural recovery, length of stay and negative affect. Since this review, more detailed bibliographic searching has become possible, additional studies testing psychological preparation for surgery have been completed and hospital procedures have changed. The present review examines whether psychological preparation (procedural information, sensory information, cognitive intervention, relaxation, hypnosis and emotion-focused intervention) has impact on the outcomes of postoperative pain, behavioural recovery, length of stay and negative affect. OBJECTIVES To review the effects of psychological preparation on postoperative outcomes in adults undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthetic. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL 2014, Issue 5), MEDLINE (OVID SP) (1950 to May 2014), EMBASE (OVID SP) (1982 to May 2014), PsycINFO (OVID SP) (1982 to May 2014), CINAHL (EBESCOhost) (1980 to May 2014), Dissertation Abstracts (to May 2014) and Web of Science (1946 to May 2014). We searched reference lists of relevant studies and contacted authors to identify unpublished studies. We reran the searches in July 2015 and placed the 38 studies of interest in the `awaiting classification' section of this review. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomized controlled trials of adult participants (aged 16 or older) undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthesia. We excluded studies focusing on patient groups with clinically diagnosed psychological morbidity. We did not limit the search by language or publication status. We included studies testing a preoperative psychological intervention that included at least one of these seven techniques: procedural information; sensory information; behavioural instruction; cognitive intervention; relaxation techniques; hypnosis; emotion-focused intervention. We included studies that examined any one of our postoperative outcome measures (pain, behavioural recovery, length of stay, negative affect) within one month post-surgery. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS One author checked titles and abstracts to exclude obviously irrelevant studies. We obtained full reports of apparently relevant studies; two authors fully screened these. Two authors independently extracted data and resolved discrepancies by discussion.Where possible we used random-effects meta-analyses to combine the results from individual studies. For length of stay we pooled mean differences. For pain and negative affect we used a standardized effect size (the standardized mean difference (SMD), or Hedges' g) to combine data from different outcome measures. If data were not available in a form suitable for meta-analysis we performed a narrative review. MAIN RESULTS Searches identified 5116 unique papers; we retrieved 827 for full screening. In this review, we included 105 studies from 115 papers, in which 10,302 participants were randomized. Mainly as a result of updating the search in July 2015, 38 papers are awaiting classification. Sixty-one of the 105 studies measured the outcome pain, 14 behavioural recovery, 58 length of stay and 49 negative affect. Participants underwent a wide range of surgical procedures, and a range of psychological components were used in interventions, frequently in combination. In the 105 studies, appropriate data were provided for the meta-analysis of 38 studies measuring the outcome postoperative pain (2713 participants), 36 for length of stay (3313 participants) and 31 for negative affect (2496 participants). We narratively reviewed the remaining studies (including the 14 studies with 1441 participants addressing behavioural recovery). When pooling the results for all types of intervention there was low quality evidence that psychological preparation techniques were associated with lower postoperative pain (SMD -0.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.35 to -0.06), length of stay (mean difference -0.52 days, 95% CI -0.82 to -0.22) and negative affect (SMD -0.35, 95% CI -0.54 to -0.16) compared with controls. Results tended to be similar for all categories of intervention, although there was no evidence that behavioural instruction reduced the outcome pain. However, caution must be exercised when interpreting the results because of heterogeneity in the types of surgery, interventions and outcomes. Narratively reviewed evidence for the outcome behavioural recovery provided very low quality evidence that psychological preparation, in particular behavioural instruction, may have potential to improve behavioural recovery outcomes, but no clear conclusions could be reached.Generally, the evidence suffered from poor reporting, meaning that few studies could be classified as having low risk of bias. Overall,we rated the quality of evidence for each outcome as 'low' because of the high level of heterogeneity in meta-analysed studies and the unclear risk of bias. In addition, for the outcome behavioural recovery, too few studies used robust measures and reported suitable data for meta-analysis, so we rated the quality of evidence as `very low'. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The evidence suggested that psychological preparation may be beneficial for the outcomes postoperative pain, behavioural recovery, negative affect and length of stay, and is unlikely to be harmful. However, at present, the strength of evidence is insufficient to reach firm conclusions on the role of psychological preparation for surgery. Further analyses are needed to explore the heterogeneity in the data, to identify more specifically when intervention techniques are of benefit. As the current evidence quality is low or very low, there is a need for well-conducted and clearly reported research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Powell
- University of ManchesterSchool of Psychological Sciences and Manchester Centre for Health PsychologyCoupland 1 BuildingOxford RoadManchesterUKM13 9PL
| | - Neil W Scott
- University of AberdeenMedical Statistics TeamPolwarth BuildingForesterhillAberdeenScotlandUKAB 25 2 ZD
| | - Anne Manyande
- University of West LondonSchool of Human and Social SciencesBoston Manor RoadBrentfordLondonUKTW8 9GA
| | - Julie Bruce
- University of WarwickWarwick Clinical Trials UnitGibbet Hill RdCoventryUKCV4 7AL
| | - Claus Vögele
- University of LuxembourgInstitute for Health and Behaviour, Research Unit INSIDERoute de Diekirch ‐ B.P. 2Esch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourgL‐4366
| | - Lucie MT Byrne‐Davis
- University of ManchesterManchester Medical SchoolStopford BuildingOxford RoadManchesterUKM13 9PT
| | - Mary Unsworth
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston UniversityPsychologyAston TriangleBirminghamUKB4 7ET
| | | | - Marie Johnston
- University of AberdeenInstitute of Applied Health SciencesHealth Sciences Building, 2nd floorForesterhillAberdeenScotlandUKAB25 2ZD
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Townsend NT, Robinson TN. Surgical Risk and Comorbidity in Older Urologic Patients. Clin Geriatr Med 2015; 31:591-601. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cger.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Katsura M, Kuriyama A, Takeshima T, Fukuhara S, Furukawa TA. Preoperative inspiratory muscle training for postoperative pulmonary complications in adults undergoing cardiac and major abdominal surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015; 2015:CD010356. [PMID: 26436600 PMCID: PMC9251477 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd010356.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) have an impact on the recovery of adults after surgery. It is therefore important to establish whether preoperative respiratory rehabilitation can decrease the risk of PPCs and to identify adults who might benefit from respiratory rehabilitation. OBJECTIVES Our primary objective was to assess the effectiveness of preoperative inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on PPCs in adults undergoing cardiac or major abdominal surgery. We looked at all-cause mortality and adverse events. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; 2014, Issue 10), MEDLINE (1966 to October 2014), EMBASE (1980 to October 2014), CINAHL (1982 to October 2014), LILACS (1982 to October 2014), and ISI Web of Science (1985 to October 2014). We did not impose any language restrictions. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomized controlled trials that compared preoperative IMT and usual preoperative care for adults undergoing cardiac or major abdominal surgery. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two or more review authors independently identified studies, assessed trial quality, and extracted data. We extracted the following information: study characteristics, participant characteristics, intervention details, and outcome measures. We contacted study authors for additional information in order to identify any unpublished data. MAIN RESULTS We included 12 trials with 695 participants; five trials included participants awaiting elective cardiac surgery and seven trials included participants awaiting elective major abdominal surgery. All trials contained at least one domain judged to be at high or unclear risk of bias. Of greatest concern was the risk of bias associated with inadequate blinding, as it was impossible to blind participants due to the nature of the study designs. We could pool postoperative atelectasis in seven trials (443 participants) and postoperative pneumonia in 11 trials (675 participants) in a meta-analysis. Preoperative IMT was associated with a reduction of postoperative atelectasis and pneumonia, compared with usual care or non-exercise intervention (respectively; risk ratio (RR) 0.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.34 to 0.82 and RR 0.45, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.77). We could pool all-cause mortality within postoperative period in seven trials (431 participants) in a meta-analysis. However, the effect of IMT on all-cause postoperative mortality is uncertain (RR 0.40, 95% CI 0.04 to 4.23). Eight trials reported the incidence of adverse events caused by IMT. All of these trials reported that there were no adverse events in both groups. We could pool the mean duration of hospital stay in six trials (424 participants) in a meta-analysis. Preoperative IMT was associated with reduced length of hospital stay (MD -1.33, 95% CI -2.53 to -0.13). According to the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) Working Group guidelines for evaluating the impact of healthcare interventions, the overall quality of studies for the incidence of pneumonia was moderate, whereas the overall quality of studies for the incidence of atelectasis, all-cause postoperative death, adverse events, and duration of hospital stay was low or very low. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We found evidence that preoperative IMT was associated with a reduction of postoperative atelectasis, pneumonia, and duration of hospital stay in adults undergoing cardiac and major abdominal surgery. The potential for overestimation of treatment effect due to lack of adequate blinding, small-study effects, and publication bias needs to be considered when interpreting the present findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morihiro Katsura
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine and Public HealthDepartment of Healthcare EpidemiologyKonoe‐cho,Yoshida, Sakyo‐kuKyotoJapan606‐8501
- Hyogo Cancer CenterDepartment of SurgeryHyogoJapan
| | - Akira Kuriyama
- Kurashiki Central HospitalDepartment of General Medicine1‐1‐1 MiwaKurashikiOkayamaJapan710‐8602
| | - Taro Takeshima
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine and Public HealthDepartment of Healthcare EpidemiologyKonoe‐cho,Yoshida, Sakyo‐kuKyotoJapan606‐8501
| | - Shunichi Fukuhara
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine and Public HealthDepartment of Healthcare EpidemiologyKonoe‐cho,Yoshida, Sakyo‐kuKyotoJapan606‐8501
| | - Toshi A Furukawa
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine / School of Public HealthDepartment of Health Promotion and Human BehaviorYoshida Konoe‐cho, Sakyo‐ku,KyotoJapan606‐8501
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Bergin C, Speroni KG, Travis T, Bergin J, Sheridan MJ, Kelly K, Daniel MG. Effect of preoperative incentive spirometry patient education on patient outcomes in the knee and hip joint replacement population. J Perianesth Nurs 2015; 29:20-7. [PMID: 24461279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jopan.2013.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined the effects of preoperative incentive spirometry (IS) education (POISE) on postoperative outcomes for knee and hip total joint replacement patients. DESIGN In this prospective study, 140 patients were randomized to Group 1 (POISE intervention = 50 completing) or Group 2 (no intervention = 56 completing) (34 dropped). METHODS The Group 1 intervention consisted of formal instruction preoperatively for IS home use, postoperative use, and IS volumes documentation. Group 2 patients received no intervention. Patients recorded postoperative IS volumes, which were used to determine return to baseline volume. FINDINGS One hundred six patients completed the study. Most were Caucasian females averaging 64 years. Although IS return to baseline volume time was not significantly different between groups, POISE patients had fewer postoperative complications, hospital days, and charges. POISE patients ranked the intervention as helpful. CONCLUSIONS Although IS volumes were not significantly different between groups, POISE patients had better outcomes and ranked the intervention as helpful.
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Abstract
<LEAP> highlights the findings and application of Cochrane reviews and other evidence pertinent to the practice of physical therapy. The Cochrane Library is a respected source of reliable evidence related to health care. Cochrane systematic reviews explore the evidence for and against the effectiveness and appropriateness of interventions—medications, surgery, education, nutrition, exercise—and the evidence for and against the use of diagnostic tests for specific conditions. Cochrane reviews are designed to facilitate the decisions of clinicians, patients, and others in health care by providing a careful review and interpretation of research studies published in the scientific literature.1Each article in thisPTJseries summarizes a Cochrane review or other scientific evidence resource on a single topic and will present clinical scenarios based on real patients to illustrate how the results of the review can be used to directly inform clinical decisions. This article focuses on the effectiveness of preoperative physical therapy for elective cardiac surgery.More specifically, does preoperative physical therapy prevent postoperative pulmonary complications in patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery, and, if so, what types of interventions are most effective, and do patients with certain characteristics benefit from therapy?
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Mans CM, Reeve JC, Elkins MR. Postoperative outcomes following preoperative inspiratory muscle training in patients undergoing cardiothoracic or upper abdominal surgery: a systematic review and meta analysis. Clin Rehabil 2014; 29:426-38. [DOI: 10.1177/0269215514545350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate whether preoperative inspiratory muscle training is effective in preventing postoperative pulmonary complications and reducing length of hospital stay in people undergoing cardiothoracic or upper abdominal surgery. Data sources: Medline, CINAHL, AMED, PsychINFO, Scopus, PEDro, and the Cochrane Library. Review methods: A systematic review and meta analysis of randomized controlled trials (or quasi-randomized controlled trials) investigating a form of preoperative inspiratory muscle training, compared with sham or no inspiratory muscle training. Participants were adults (16 years and over) awaiting elective open cardiac, thoracic, or upper abdominal surgery. Methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro scale. Results: Eight studies involving 295 participants were eligible for inclusion. The trained group had significantly higher maximal inspiratory pressure at the end of the preoperative training period (mean difference: 15 cm H2O, 95% confidence interval (CI): 9 to 21). This benefit was maintained through the early postoperative period, when lung function also recovered significantly more quickly in the trained group. Inspiratory muscle training also substantially reduced postoperative pulmonary complications (relative risk 0.48, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.89). Although not statistically significant, length of hospital stay also tended to favour the trained group. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups for the remaining outcomes. Participant satisfaction with inspiratory muscle training was high. Conclusion: Preoperative inspiratory muscle training significantly improves respiratory (muscle) function in the early postoperative period, halving the risk of pulmonary complications. The training does not increase length of stay, but more data are required to confirm whether it reduces length of stay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Mans
- Physiotherapy Department, Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Julie C Reeve
- Division of Rehabilitation and Occupation Studies, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand
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Preoperative intervention reduces postoperative pulmonary complications but not length of stay in cardiac surgical patients: a systematic review. J Physiother 2014; 60:66-77. [PMID: 24952833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphys.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
QUESTION Does preoperative intervention in people undergoing cardiac surgery reduce pulmonary complications, shorten length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) or hospital, or improve physical function? DESIGN Systematic review with meta-analysis of (quasi) randomised trials. PARTICIPANTS People undergoing coronary artery bypass grafts and/or valvular surgery. INTERVENTION Any intervention, such as education, inspiratory muscle training, exercise training or relaxation, delivered prior to surgery to prevent/reduce postoperative pulmonary complications or to hasten recovery of function. OUTCOME MEASURES Time to extubation, length of stay in ICU and hospital (reported in days). Postoperative pulmonary complications and physical function were measured as reported in the included trials. RESULTS The 17 eligible trials reported data on 2689 participants. Preoperative intervention significantly reduced the time to extubation (MD -0.14 days, 95% CI -0.26 to -0.01) and the relative risk of developing postoperative pulmonary complications (RR 0.39, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.66). However, it did not significantly affect the length of stay in ICU (MD -0.15 days, 95% CI -0.37 to 0.08) or hospital (MD -0.55 days, 95% CI -1.32 to 0.23), except among older participants (MD -1.32 days, 95% CI -2.36 to -0.28). When the preoperative interventions were separately analysed, inspiratory muscle training significantly reduced postoperative pulmonary complications and the length of stay in hospital. Trial quality ranged from good to poor and considerable heterogeneity was present in the study features. Other outcomes did not significantly differ. CONCLUSION For people undergoing cardiac surgery, preoperative intervention reduces the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications and, in older patients, the length of stay in hospital.
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Galli T, Chiavegato L, Liebano R. Effects of TENS in living kidney donors submitted to open nephrectomy: A randomized placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Pain 2014; 19:67-76. [DOI: 10.1002/ejp.521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T.T. Galli
- Master's and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy; Universidade Cidade de São Paulo (UNICID); Brazil
| | - L.D. Chiavegato
- Master's and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy; Universidade Cidade de São Paulo (UNICID); Brazil
| | - R.E. Liebano
- Master's and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy; Universidade Cidade de São Paulo (UNICID); Brazil
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Preoperative ambulatory inspiratory muscle training in patients undergoing esophagectomy. A pilot study. Int Surg 2014; 97:198-202. [PMID: 23113846 DOI: 10.9738/cc136.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A major decline in pulmonary function is observed on the first day after upper abdominal surgery. This decline can reduce vital and inspiratory capacity and can culminate in restrictive lung diseases that cause atelectasis, reduced diaphragm movement, and respiratory insufficiency. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of preoperative ambulatory respiratory muscle training in patients undergoing esophagectomy. The sample consisted of 20 adult patients (14 men [70%] and 6 women [30%]) with a diagnosis of advanced chagasic megaesophagus. A significant increase in maximum inspiratory pressure was observed after inspiratory muscle training when compared with baseline values (from -55.059 ± 18.359 to -76.286 ± 16.786). Preoperative ambulatory inspiratory muscle training was effective in increasing respiratory muscle strength in patients undergoing esophagectomy and contributed to the prevention of postoperative complications.
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Debes C, Aissou M, Beaussier M. [Prehabilitation. Preparing patients for surgery to improve functional recovery and reduce postoperative morbidity]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 33:33-40. [PMID: 24440732 DOI: 10.1016/j.annfar.2013.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prehabilitation consists in providing a repetitive physical exercise before surgery to improve the postoperative recovery course. This review aims to evaluate the feasibility and the expected benefits of prehabilitation on the postoperative recovery course and the reduction of the postoperative morbidity. DATA SOURCES Data research has focused on English-language articles in the Medline database, published from 1989 to 2013. Keywords, used separately or in combination, were: prehabilitation, functional capacity, postoperative morbidity, physical activity. STUDY SELECTION Selected articles were original articles, clinical cases, review articles and meta-analysis. DATA EXTRACTION Articles were analyzed for feasibility, benefits and limitations of preoperative physical preparation techniques. DATA SYNTHESIS Poor preoperative functional status is associated with increased postoperative morbidity. Elderly are more prone to postoperative complications. The improvement of preoperative physical status of these patients is possible and may reduce morbidity and allow faster recovery after major surgery. In order to improve efficiency, the training program must provide endurance and muscle reinforcement exercises, whose intensity must be adapted to the patient's baseline physical abilities. An average of three sessions per week over a period of six to eight weeks before surgery seemed a good compromise between feasibility and effectiveness. CONCLUSION The effectiveness of prehabilitation has been demonstrated in cardiovascular surgery and probably in abdominal surgery. Prehabilitation must be integrated into the overall patient medical management, and must be associated with preoperative refeeding and postoperative rehabilitation protocols. By optimizing all stages of the surgical patient management, from diagnosis to recovery, prognosis of high-risk surgical patients could be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Debes
- Département d'anesthésie-réanimation chirurgicale, hôpital St-Antoine, université Pierre et Marie-Curie Paris 6, hôpitaux universitaires Est-Parisiens, AP-HP, 184, rue du Faubourg-St-Antoine, 75571 Paris cedex 12, France
| | - M Aissou
- Département d'anesthésie-réanimation chirurgicale, hôpital St-Antoine, université Pierre et Marie-Curie Paris 6, hôpitaux universitaires Est-Parisiens, AP-HP, 184, rue du Faubourg-St-Antoine, 75571 Paris cedex 12, France
| | - M Beaussier
- Département d'anesthésie-réanimation chirurgicale, hôpital St-Antoine, université Pierre et Marie-Curie Paris 6, hôpitaux universitaires Est-Parisiens, AP-HP, 184, rue du Faubourg-St-Antoine, 75571 Paris cedex 12, France.
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Olsén MF, Anzén H. Effects of training interventions prior to thoracic or abdominal surgery: a systematic review. PHYSICAL THERAPY REVIEWS 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/1743288x11y.0000000054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Reference chart of inspiratory muscle strength: a new tool to monitor the effect of pre-operative training. Physiotherapy 2013; 100:128-33. [PMID: 24216046 DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop a reference chart to monitor inspiratory muscle strength during pre-operative inspiratory muscle training for patients at high risk of developing postoperative pulmonary complications awaiting coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. DESIGN Secondary data analysis using patients from the intervention arm of a randomised clinical trial. SETTING University medical centre. PARTICIPANTS Patients at high risk of developing postoperative pulmonary complications awaiting CABG surgery. INTERVENTIONS Patients performed inspiratory muscle training seven times per week for at least 2 weeks before surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Maximal inspiratory muscle strength. RESULTS A new reference chart was produced using a non-linear time trend model with a normal error structure. CONCLUSIONS The chart is a novel tool for monitoring the progress of inspiratory muscle training for physiotherapy practice. Wider use of this chart is recommended.
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Abstract
Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) are a major contributor to the overall risk of noncardiac surgery that may lead to serious postoperative morbidity and long-term mortality. Nurse practitioners should be familiar with risk indices for PPCs, clinical guidelines, and risk reduction strategies to prevent PPCs and improve PPC outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne L Thanavaro
- Adult-Gerontological Nurse Practitioner Program, St. Louis University School of Nursing, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Mechanical ventilation, diaphragm weakness and weaning: a rehabilitation perspective. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2013; 189:377-83. [PMID: 23692928 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2013.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Most patients are easily liberated from mechanical ventilation (MV) following resolution of respiratory failure and a successful trial of spontaneous breathing, but about 25% of patients experience difficult weaning. MV use leads to cellular changes and weakness, which has been linked to weaning difficulties and has been labeled ventilator induced diaphragm dysfunction (VIDD). Aggravating factors in human studies with prolonged weaning include malnutrition, chronic electrolyte abnormalities, hyperglycemia, excessive resistive and elastic loads, corticosteroids, muscle relaxant exposure, sepsis and compromised cardiac function. Numerous animal studies have investigated the effects of MV on diaphragm function. Virtually all these studies have concluded that MV use rapidly leads to VIDD and have identified cellular and molecular mechanisms of VIDD. Molecular and functional studies on the effects of MV on the human diaphragm have largely confirmed the animal results and identified potential treatment strategies. Only recently potential VIDD treatments have been tested in humans, including pharmacologic interventions and diaphragm "training". A limited number of human studies have found that specific diaphragm training can increase respiratory muscle strength in FTW patients and facilitate weaning, but larger, multicenter trials are needed.
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Katsura M, Kuriyama A, Takeshima T, Fukuhara S, Furukawa TA. Preoperative inspiratory muscle training for postoperative pulmonary complications in adult patients undergoing cardiac and major abdominal surgery. THE COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd010356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hulzebos EHJ, Smit Y, Helders PPJM, van Meeteren NLU. Preoperative physical therapy for elective cardiac surgery patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; 11:CD010118. [PMID: 23152283 PMCID: PMC8101691 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd010118.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After cardiac surgery, physical therapy is a routine procedure delivered with the aim of preventing postoperative pulmonary complications. OBJECTIVES To determine if preoperative physical therapy with an exercise component can prevent postoperative pulmonary complications in cardiac surgery patients, and to evaluate which type of patient benefits and which type of physical therapy is most effective. SEARCH METHODS Searches were run on the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) on the Cochrane Library (2011, Issue 12 ); MEDLINE (1966 to 12 December 2011); EMBASE (1980 to week 49, 2011); the Physical Therapy Evidence Database (PEDro) (to 12 December 2011) and CINAHL (1982 to 12 December 2011). SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials or quasi-randomised trials comparing preoperative physical therapy with no preoperative physical therapy or sham therapy in adult patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Data were collected on the type of study, participants, treatments used, primary outcomes (postoperative pulmonary complications grade 2 to 4: atelectasis, pneumonia, pneumothorax, mechanical ventilation > 48 hours, all-cause death, adverse events) and secondary outcomes (length of hospital stay, physical function measures, health-related quality of life, respiratory death, costs). Data were extracted by one review author and checked by a second review author. Review Manager 5.1 software was used for the analysis. MAIN RESULTS Eight randomised controlled trials with 856 patients were included. Three studies used a mixed intervention (including either aerobic exercises or breathing exercises); five studies used inspiratory muscle training. Only one study used sham training in the controls. Patients that received preoperative physical therapy had a reduced risk of postoperative atelectasis (four studies including 379 participants, relative risk (RR) 0.52; 95% CI 0.32 to 0.87; P = 0.01) and pneumonia (five studies including 448 participants, RR 0.45; 95% CI 0.24 to 0.83; P = 0.01) but not of pneumothorax (one study with 45 participants, RR 0.12; 95% CI 0.01 to 2.11; P = 0.15) or mechanical ventilation for > 48 hours after surgery (two studies with 306 participants, RR 0.55; 95% CI 0.03 to 9.20; P = 0.68). Postoperative death from all causes did not differ between groups (three studies with 552 participants, RR 0.66; 95% CI 0.02 to 18.48; P = 0.81). Adverse events were not detected in the three studies that reported on them. The length of postoperative hospital stay was significantly shorter in experimental patients versus controls (three studies with 347 participants, mean difference -3.21 days; 95% CI -5.73 to -0.69; P = 0.01). One study reported a reduced physical function measure on the six-minute walking test in experimental patients compared to controls. One other study reported a better health-related quality of life in experimental patients compared to controls. Postoperative death from respiratory causes did not differ between groups (one study with 276 participants, RR 0.14; 95% CI 0.01 to 2.70; P = 0.19). Cost data were not reported on. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Evidence derived from small trials suggests that preoperative physical therapy reduces postoperative pulmonary complications (atelectasis and pneumonia) and length of hospital stay in patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery. There is a lack of evidence that preoperative physical therapy reduces postoperative pneumothorax, prolonged mechanical ventilation or all-cause deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik H J Hulzebos
- Department of Child Development and Exercise Center,University Children’s Hospital and Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. 2c/o Cochrane Heart Group, London, UK.
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Jack S, West M, Grocott MPW. Perioperative exercise training in elderly subjects. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2011; 25:461-72. [PMID: 21925410 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpa.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The association between physical fitness and outcome following major surgery is well described - less fit patients having a higher incidence of perioperative morbidity and mortality. This has led to the idea of physical training (exercise training) as a perioperative intervention with the aim of improving postoperative outcome. Studies have started to explore both preoperative training (prehabilitation) and postoperative training (rehabilitation). We have reviewed the current literature regarding the use of prehabilitation and rehabilitation in relation to major surgery in elderly patients. We have focussed particularly on randomised controlled trials, systematic reviews and meta-analyses. There is currently a paucity of high-quality clinical trials in this area, and the evidence base in elderly patients is particularly limited. The review indicated that prehabilitation can improve objectively measured fitness in the short time available prior to major surgery. Furthermore, for several general surgical procedures, prehabilitation using inspiratory muscle training may reduce the risk of some specific complications (e.g., pulmonary complications and predominately atelectasis), but it is unclear whether this translates into an improvement in overall surgical outcome. There is clear evidence that rehabilitation is of benefit to patients following cancer diagnoses, in terms of physical activity, fatigue and health-related quality of life. However, it is uncertain whether this improved physical function translates into increased survival and delayed disease recurrence. Prehabilitation using continuous or interval training has been shown to improve fitness but the impact on surgical outcomes remains ill defined. Taken together, these findings are encouraging and support the notion that pre- and postoperative exercise training may be of benefit to patients. There is an urgent need for adequately powered randomised control studies addressing appropriate clinical outcomes in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jack
- Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Respiratory Research, Clinical Science Centre, Liverpool, Merseyside L9 7A, UK.
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Delay JM, Jaber S. [Respiratory preparation before surgery in patients with chronic respiratory failure]. Presse Med 2011; 41:225-33. [PMID: 22004791 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2011.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Revised: 07/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Scheduled and/or thoracic, abdominal surgeries increase the risk of respiratory postoperative complications. In patients with chronic respiratory failure, preoperative evaluation should be performed to evaluate respiratory function in aim to optimize perioperative management. Preoperative gas exchange abnormalities (hypoxemia or hypercapnia) are associated with respiratory postoperative complications. Respiratory physiotherapy and prophylactic non-invasive ventilation should be integrated in a global rehabilitation management for cardiothoracic or abdominal surgery procedures, which are at high risk of postoperative respiratory dysfunction. Stopping tobacco consummation should be benefit, but decease risk of postoperative complications is relevant only after a period for 6 to 8 weeks of cessation. Bronchodilatator aerosol therapy (beta-agonists and atropinics) and inhaled corticotherapy allow a rapid preparation for 24 to 48 h. Systematic preoperative antibiotherapy should not be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Delay
- CHU de Montpellier, hôpital Saint-Éloi, département d'anesthésie-réanimation Saint-Éloi (DAR B), 34295 Montpellier, France
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Savci S, Degirmenci B, Saglam M, Arikan H, Inal-Ince D, Turan HN, Demircin M. Short-term effects of inspiratory muscle training in coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a randomized controlled trial. SCAND CARDIOVASC J 2011; 45:286-93. [PMID: 21793631 DOI: 10.3109/14017431.2011.595820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficiency of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on postoperative respiratory muscle strength, functional capacity, quality of life, and psychosocial status in patients with coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. DESIGN Forty-three patients undergoing CABG surgery were randomly assigned to the one of two groups. All subjects received usual care. In addition, subjects in the intervention group received IMT training pre- and postoperatively. Pulmonary function testing, six minute walk test (6MWT), quality of life and psychosocial parameters were assessed preoperatively and the fifth day after the surgery. RESULTS The mean inspiratory muscle strength increased from 82.64 cmH(2)O at baseline to 95.45 cmH(2)O five days postoperatively in the intervention group. The intervention group (319.55 ± 72.17 m before and 387.91 ± 65.69 m after surgery) covered further distance during the 6MWT than usual care (355.43 ± 56.08 m before and 357.69 ± 43.42 m after surgery). The improvement in quality of life was greater in the intervention group for the dimension of sleep. The anxiety scores were significantly lower in the intervention group than the usual care group. The length of intensive care unit stay was significantly shorter in the intervention group than the usual care group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION IMT results in faster recovery of inspiratory muscle strength, functional capacity, intensive care unit stay, quality of life and psychosocial status after CABG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sema Savci
- School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.
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