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Lourenço M, Gomes T, Araujo F, Ventura F, Silva R. Challenges for palliative care in times of COVID-19: a scoping review. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1330370. [PMID: 38596518 PMCID: PMC11002222 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1330370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Many of the essential practices in palliative care (PC) had to be adapted to the COVID-19 pandemic. This global spread of the infectious respiratory disease, caused by SARS-CoV-2, created unprecedented obstacles. The aim of this research was to comprehensively assess the experiences and perceptions of healthcare professionals, individuals, and families in palliative and end-of-life situations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A scoping review was conducted using the databases CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE, Scopus, SciELO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, MEDIClatina, and Portugal's Open Access Scientific Repository. The review followed the JBI® methodological approach for scoping reviews. Results Out of the initially identified 999 articles, 22 studies were included for analysis. The deprivation of relationships due to the safety protocols required to control the spread of COVID-19 was a universally perceived experience by healthcare professionals, individuals in PC, and their families. Social isolation, with significant psychological impact, including depersonalization and despair, was among the most frequently reported experiences by individuals in palliative situation. Despite healthcare professionals' efforts to mitigate the lack of relationships, the families of these individuals emphasized the irreplaceability of in-person bedside contact. Systematic review registration https://osf.io/xmpf2/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Lourenço
- Nursing School of Porto, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Porto, Portugal
| | - Tânia Gomes
- Urology Department - Santo António University Hospital Center, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Araujo
- Nursing School of Porto, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipa Ventura
- The Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rosa Silva
- Nursing School of Porto, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Porto, Portugal
- Centre for Evidence Based Practice: A JBI Centre of Excellence (PCEBP), Coimbra, Portugal
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Soklaridis S, Chowdhury M, Turco MG, Tremblay M, Mazmanian P, Williams B, Besa R, Sockalingam S. Pivoting Continuing Professional Development During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Scoping Review of Adaptations and Innovations. THE JOURNAL OF CONTINUING EDUCATION IN THE HEALTH PROFESSIONS 2024:00005141-990000000-00104. [PMID: 38205969 DOI: 10.1097/ceh.0000000000000539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Most formal continuing professional development (CPD) opportunities were offered in person until March 2020 when the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted traditional structures of CPD offerings. The authors explored the adaptations and innovations in CPD that were strengthened or newly created during the first 16 months of the pandemic. METHODS The objectives of the narrative review were to answer the following questions: (1) what types of adaptations to CPD innovations are described? and (2) what may shape future innovations in CPD? The following databases were searched: Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and ERIC to identify the literature published between March 2020 to July 2021. The authors conducted a comprehensive search by including all study types that described adaptations and/or innovations in CPD during the stated pandemic period. RESULTS Of the 8295 citations retrieved from databases, 191 satisfied the inclusion criteria. The authors found three categories to describe adaptations to CPD innovations: (1) creation of new online resources, (2) increased use of the existing online platforms/software to deliver CPD, and (3) use of simulation for teaching and learning. Reported advantages and disadvantages associated with these adaptations included logistical, interactional, and capacity building elements. The review identified five potential future CPD innovations: (1) empirical research on the effectiveness of virtual learning; (2) novel roles and ways of thinking; (3) learning from other disciplines beyond medicine; (4) formation of a global perspective; and (5) emerging wellness initiatives. DISCUSSION This review provided an overview of the adaptations and innovations that may shape the future of CPD beyond the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Soklaridis
- Dr. Soklaridis: Senior Scientist, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and The Wilson Centre, University Health Network/University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Ms. Chowdhury: PhD (cand.), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Dr. Turco: Associate Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Centre/Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH. Dr. Tremblay: Senior Research and Innovation Advisor, Fédération des médecins spécialistes du Québec, Montréal, Québec, Canada. Dr. Mazmanian: Professor Emeritus, Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA. Dr. Williams: Clinical Program Director, Professional Renewal Centre, Lawrence, KS, and Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS. Ms. Besa: Information Specialist, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Dr. Sockalingam: Vice-President Education, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and The Wilson Centre, University Health Network/University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Buonaccorso L, De Panfilis L, Chochinov HM, Martucci G, Massari M, Cocchi M, Bassi MC, Tanzi S. The meaning of dignity in care during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study in acute and intensive care. BMC Palliat Care 2023; 22:192. [PMID: 38037061 PMCID: PMC10688038 DOI: 10.1186/s12904-023-01311-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pandemic Era has forced palliative care professionals to use a dignity-in-care approach in different settings from the classic ones of palliative care: acute and intensive care. We explored the meanings of dignity for patients, their family members, and clinicians who have experienced COVID-19 in the acute and intensive care setting. METHODS A qualitative, prospective study by means of semi-structured interviews with patients hospitalized for COVID-19, family members, and clinicians who care for them. FINDINGS Between March 2021 and October 2021, we interviewed 16 participants: five physicians, three nurses, and eight patients. None of the patients interviewed consented for family members to participate: they considered it important to protect them from bringing the painful memory back to the period of their hospitalization. Several concepts and themes arose from the interviews: humanity, reciprocity, connectedness, and relationship, as confirmed by the literature. Interestingly, both healthcare professionals and patients expressed the value of informing and being informed about clinical conditions and uncertainties to protect dignity. CONCLUSIONS Dignity should be enhanced by all healthcare professionals, not only those in palliative care or end-of-life but also in emergency departments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ludovica De Panfilis
- Legal Medicine and Bioethics, Azienda USL-IRCSS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Harvey Max Chochinov
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Paul Albrechtsen Research, Cancer Care Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | | | - Marco Massari
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Azienda USL-IRCSS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Monica Cocchi
- Hospital Infections Office, Hospital Medical Directorate, Azienda USL-IRCSS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Bassi
- Medical Library, Azienda USL-IRCSS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Silvia Tanzi
- Palliative Care Unit, Azienda USL-IRCSS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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Plagg B, Ballmann J, Ewers M. Hospice and Palliative Care during Disasters: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2382. [PMID: 37685416 PMCID: PMC10486474 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11172382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Providing and maintaining hospice and palliative care during disasters poses significant challenges. To understand the impact of disasters on the provision of hospice and palliative care and the disaster preparedness initiatives in the field, a systematic review was undertaken. Eligibility criteria for the selection of studies were: peer-reviewed original research papers addressing HPC during disasters published between January 2001 and February 2023 in English. The databases CINAHL, MEDLINE, APA PsycInfo, APA PsycArticles, and SocINDEX were searched with textword and MeSh-terms between October 2022 and February 2023. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used to assess the quality of the studies. Content analysis was performed. The results are presented in the form of a narrative synthesis. Of 2581 studies identified, 57 met the inclusion criteria. Most studies were published recently on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Four main themes were identified in the literature: disruption of the system, setting-specific differences, emotional challenges, and system adaptation. Overall, strategies to tackle hospice and palliative care needs have been poorly integrated in disaster preparedness planning. Our findings highlight the need to strengthen the resilience of hospice and palliative care providers to all types of disasters to maintain care standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Plagg
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Health and Nursing Science, 13353 Berlin, Germany (M.E.)
- Institute of General Practice and Public Health, College of Health Care Professions–Claudiana, Lorenz-Böhler-Straße 13, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Julia Ballmann
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Health and Nursing Science, 13353 Berlin, Germany (M.E.)
| | - Michael Ewers
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Health and Nursing Science, 13353 Berlin, Germany (M.E.)
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Moroni M, Díaz Crescitelli ME, Capuccini J, Pedroni C, Bianco M, Montanari L, Ghirotto L. 'Now I can train myself to be with death': a phenomenological study with young doctors in care homes supported by a palliative care unit during the second wave of the pandemic in Italy. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e065458. [PMID: 37041055 PMCID: PMC10105916 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE During the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, one of the organisational strategies established by the Italian National Health System was the special units for continuity of care (SUCCs). In the province of Ravenna, those units enrolled novice doctors to care for elderly patients with COVID-19 in care homes (CHs). The local palliative care (PC) unit decided to offer consultations and support to them. This study aimed to comprehend the experience of young doctors who asked for consultations when facing, during their first early years of practice, complex situations. DESIGN We conducted a qualitative study employing a phenomenological approach and in-depth interviews. PARTICIPANTS We involved 10 young doctors who worked in Italian SUCC during the pandemic and used a PC consultation support service. RESULTS What describes our participants' experience is related to four main themes: (1) reducing distances, (2) perceiving medical futility and improvising, (3) being supported to learn how to be with death and (4) narrowed timing to humanise care. The pandemic was, for our participants, a moment of reflection and critique on the skills acquired during the university course. It was a strong experience of human and professional growth that helped them reshape and deepen their role and skills, incorporating the approach of PC into their professional identity. CONCLUSIONS Integration between specialists and young doctors with an early entry into the workforce during the pandemic in CHs set out a 'shift' to a proactive and creative approach through a new awareness of professional and personal roles in doctor-patient relations. The continuity of care models should be rethought by integrating CHs and PC. Adequate PC training for young doctors (at pregraduate and postgraduate levels) can change doctors' vision and daily practice in assisting patients at the end of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Moroni
- S.S.D. Cure Palliative, AUSL della Romagna, Ravenna, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Mattia Bianco
- Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Luca Ghirotto
- Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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do Prado E, Camparoto CW, Takemoto AY, Ichisato SMT, Miguel MEGB, Marcon SS. Palliative care strategies in the management of people with serious cases of COVID-19. Rev Bras Enferm 2023; 76Suppl 1:e20220308. [PMID: 36888747 PMCID: PMC9987459 DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2022-0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES to analyze the assistance strategies in palliative care developed in the COVID-19 pandemic for critically ill patients and their families. METHODS an integrative review carried out in August 2021 and updated in April 2022 in the Base de Dados de Enfermagem (BDENF), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), US National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Web of Science databases, and presented in the PRISMA flowchart. RESULTS thirteen works were selected for reading and content analysis, from which emerged the two main themes that reflect the reality evidenced in this context: The sudden advent of COVID-19 with impacts on palliative care; and The strategies used in palliative care to mitigate these impacts. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS palliative care is the best strategy for providing health care, used as a comfort to bring relief and comfort to patients and families.
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Prado ED, Camparoto CW, Takemoto AY, Ichisato SMT, Miguel MEGB, Marcon SS. Estratégias de cuidados paliativos no manejo de pessoas com casos graves da COVID-19. Rev Bras Enferm 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2022-0308pt] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivos: analisar as estratégias assistenciais em cuidados paliativos desenvolvidas na pandemia de COVID-19 aos pacientes graves e familiares. Métodos: revisão integrativa, realizada em agosto de 2021 e atualizada em abril de 2022, nas bases de dados Base de Dados de Enfermagem (BDENF), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), US National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Web of Science, e apresentadas no fluxograma PRISMA. Resultados: foram selecionados treze trabalhos para leitura e análise de conteúdo, dos quais emergiram as duas principais temáticas que traduzem a realidade evidenciada neste contexto: O advento súbito da COVID-19 com impactos nos cuidados paliativos; e, As estratégias utilizadas em cuidados paliativos para amenizar esses impactos. Considerações Finais: os cuidados paliativos se convergem na melhor estratégia de prestação de atendimento à saúde, usados como um acalento para trazer alívio e conforto aos pacientes e às famílias.
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Scacchi A, Conti A, Politano G, Dalmasso M, Ostellino S, Gianino MM. Impact of COVID-19 on emergency department visits among palliative home care recipients: a retrospective population-based cohort study in the Piedmont region, Italy. Palliat Care Soc Pract 2022; 16:26323524221136880. [PMID: 36405349 PMCID: PMC9666412 DOI: 10.1177/26323524221136880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Integrated palliative home care (IHPC) is delivered to patients with progressive end-stage diseases. During the COVID-19 pandemic, IHPC needed to provide high-quality home care services for patients who were treated at home, with the goal of avoiding unnecessary care, hospital admissions, and emergency department (ED) visits. This study aimed to compare the ED visits of IHPC recipients in a large Italian region before and during the first two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic and to find sociodemographic or clinical characteristics associated with changes in ED visits during the first two waves of COVID-19 pandemic, compared with the period before. METHODS Administrative databases were used to identify sociodemographic and clinical variables of IHPC recipients admitted before and during the pandemic. The obtained data were balanced by applying a propensity score. The average number of ED visits before and during the pandemic was calculated by using the Welch's t test and stratified by all the variables. RESULTS Before and during the pandemic, 5155 and 3177 recipients were admitted to IHPC, respectively. These individuals were primarily affected by neoplasms. ED visits of IHPC recipients reduced from 1346 to 467 before and during the pandemic, respectively. A reduced mortality among IHCP patients who had at least one ED visit during the pandemic (8% during the pandemic versus 15% before the pandemic) was found. The average number of ED visits decreased during the pandemic [0.143, confidence interval (CI) = (0.128-0.158) versus 0.264, CI = (0.242-0.286) before the pandemic; p < 0.001] for all ages and IHPC duration classes. The presence of a formal caregiver led to a significant decrease in ED use. Medium and high emergency ED admissions showed no difference, whereas a decrease in low-level emergency ED admissions during the pandemic [1.27, CI = (1.194-1.345) versus 1.439, CI = (1.3-1.579) before the pandemic; p = 0.036] was found. CONCLUSION ED visits among IHPC recipients were significantly decreased during the first two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in those individuals characterized by a low level of emergency. This did not result in an increase in mortality among IHPC recipients. These findings could inform the reorganization of home care services after the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Scacchi
- Department of Public Health and Paediatric
Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessio Conti
- Department of Public Health and Paediatric
Sciences, University of Turin, Via Santena, 5 bis, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Politano
- Department of Control and Computer Engineering,
Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Dalmasso
- Epidemiology Unit, Local Health Unit TO3,
Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Sofia Ostellino
- Department of Control and Computer Engineering,
Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Michela Gianino
- Department of Public Health and Paediatric
Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Alquati S, Peruselli C, Turrà C, Tanzi S. Lesson Learned From Hospital Palliative Care Service in a Cancer Research Center in Italy: Results of 5 Years of Experience. Front Oncol 2022; 12:936795. [PMID: 35832554 PMCID: PMC9271826 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.936795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundInternational studies have documented that over a third of all hospital beds are occupied by patients with palliative care needs in their last year of life. Experiences of Palliative Care Services that take place prevalently or exclusively in hospital settings are very few in Italy.ObjectiveDescribe clinical, educational and research activities performed by a hospital PCS and discussing opportunities and critical issues encountered in an Italian Cancer Center.MethodRetrospective data regarding adults with advanced stage diseases referred from January 2015 to December 2019.ResultsClinical activity - The PCS performed 2422 initial consultations with an average of 484 initial consultations per year. A majority of patients had advanced cancer, from 85% to 72%, with an average of 2583 total consultations per year and an average of 4.63 consultations per patient. The penetrance has increased over time from 6.3% to 15.75%. Educational and research activity - Since 2015, PCS has provided training to health professionals (HPs) of different departments of our hospital. Most of the educational projects for HPs were part of research projects, for example the communication training program, management of pain and end-of-life symptoms and the training program for PC-based skills.ConclusionOur data suggests that a PCS able to provide palliative care to inpatients and outpatient and continuous training support to other hospital specialists can relatively quickly improve the level of its penetrance in hospital activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Alquati
- Palliative Care Unit, Azienda USL – IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Sara Alquati, ; orcid.org/0000-0001-8696-9602
| | | | - Caterina Turrà
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Silvia Tanzi
- Palliative Care Unit, Azienda USL – IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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Vianna Franco MP, Molnár O, Dorninger C, Laciny A, Treven M, Weger J, Albuquerque EDME, Cazzolla Gatti R, Villanueva Hernandez LA, Jakab M, Marizzi C, Menéndez LP, Poliseli L, Rodríguez HB, Caniglia G. Diversity regained: Precautionary approaches to COVID-19 as a phenomenon of the total environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 825:154029. [PMID: 35202694 PMCID: PMC8861146 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
As COVID-19 emerged as a phenomenon of the total environment, and despite the intertwined and complex relationships that make humanity an organic part of the Bio- and Geospheres, the majority of our responses to it have been corrective in character, with few or no consideration for unintended consequences which bring about further vulnerability to unanticipated global events. Tackling COVID-19 entails a systemic and precautionary approach to human-nature relations, which we frame as regaining diversity in the Geo-, Bio-, and Anthropospheres. Its implementation requires nothing short of an overhaul in the way we interact with and build knowledge from natural and social environments. Hence, we discuss the urgency of shifting from current to precautionary approaches to COVID-19 and look, through the lens of diversity, at the anticipated benefits in four systems crucially affecting and affected by the pandemic: health, land, knowledge and innovation. Our reflections offer a glimpse of the sort of changes needed, from pursuing planetary health and creating more harmonious forms of land use to providing a multi-level platform for other ways of knowing/understanding and turning innovation into a source of global public goods. These exemplary initiatives introduce and solidify systemic thinking in policymaking and move priorities from reaction-based strategies to precautionary frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco P Vianna Franco
- Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research, Martinstrasse 12, Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
| | - Orsolya Molnár
- Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research, Martinstrasse 12, Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria.
| | - Christian Dorninger
- Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research, Martinstrasse 12, Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria; Institute of Social Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Schottenfeldgasse 29, Vienna 1070, Austria
| | - Alice Laciny
- Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research, Martinstrasse 12, Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
| | - Marco Treven
- Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research, Martinstrasse 12, Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
| | - Jacob Weger
- Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research, Martinstrasse 12, Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
| | - Eduardo da Motta E Albuquerque
- Cedeplar, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Roberto Cazzolla Gatti
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Zamboni, 33, 40126 Bologna, BO, Italy
| | | | - Manuel Jakab
- Department for Academic Communication, Sigmund Freud University, Freudpl. 1, Vienna 1020, Austria
| | - Christine Marizzi
- BioBus, 1361 Amsterdam Avenue, Ste 340, New York, NY, 10027, United States
| | - Lumila Paula Menéndez
- Department of Anthropology of the Americas, University of Bonn, Regina-Pacis-Weg 3, 53113 Bonn, Germany; Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, Universitätsring 1, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Luana Poliseli
- Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research, Martinstrasse 12, Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
| | | | - Guido Caniglia
- Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research, Martinstrasse 12, Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
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Silvia T, Gianfranco M, Cristina A, Sara A, Carlo P, Giovanna A. Consultations’ demand for a hospital palliative care unit: how to increase appropriateness? Implementing and evaluating a multicomponent educational intervention aimed at increase palliative care complexity perception skill. BMC Palliat Care 2022; 21:90. [PMID: 35619110 PMCID: PMC9133822 DOI: 10.1186/s12904-022-00968-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Planned, multidisciplinary teams’ discussions of cases are common in cancer care, but their impact on patients’ outcome is not always clear. Palliative care (PC) needs might emerge long before the last weeks of life. Many palliative care patients could be managed from the usual care staff, if appropriately trained; specialist palliative care should be provided to patients with more complex needs. Staff needs adequate training, so that only patients presenting a higher complexity are properly referred to the second level (“specialized”) PC services. In the considered hospital setting, “tumour boards” (multidisciplinary discussions) refer often to a low number of patients. Overall complexity of patients’ needs is hardly considered. Methods A mixed method pilot study with data triangulation of professionals’ interviews and an independently structured evaluation of complexity of referred patients, before and after the intervention, using the PALCOM instrument. We trained four teams of professionals to deliver first-level palliation and to refer patients with complex needs detected in multidisciplinary discussions. A multicomponent, first level PC educational intervention, including information technology’s adaptation, a training course, and bedside training was offered from the specialized PC Services, to all the HPs involved in multidisciplinary pancreas, lung, ovarian, and liver tumour boards. Results While the level of complexity of referred patients did not increase, trainees seemed to develop a better understanding of palliative care and a higher sensitivity to palliative needs. The number of referred patients increased, but patients’ complexity did not. Qualitative data showed that professionals seemed to be more aware of the complexity of PC needs. A “meaning shift” was perceived, specifically on the referral process (e.g., “when” and “for what” referring to specialist PC) and on the teams’ increased focus on patients’ needs. The training, positively received, was adapted to trainees’ needs and observations that led also to organizational modifications. Conclusions Our multicomponent intervention positively impacted the number of referrals but not the patients’ complexity (measured with the PALCOM instrument). Hospital staff does not easily recognize that patients may have PC needs significantly earlier than at the end of life. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12904-022-00968-7.
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Sobczak K. The "CONNECT" Protocol: Delivering Bad News by Phone or Video Call. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:3567-3572. [PMID: 35392027 PMCID: PMC8979830 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s358723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the principles of communication within the health-care setting. Communication skills as developed for use in the context of a direct and personal encounter have become insufficient. As a result, numerous health professionals came to believe they were not sufficiently prepared to deliver bad news in relation to medical care. The CONNECT protocol is a tool designed to help health-care professionals in the delivery of such messages. The name of the protocol is an acronym derived from C – context, O – organization, NN – near and niceties, E - emotions, C – counseling, T – taking care. The objective of the protocol is to improve the effectiveness of the delivery of bad news in relation to medical care by ensuring proper organization of the key elements of the encounter with the patient and/or their family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Sobczak
- Department of Sociology Medicine and Social Pathology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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13
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Buonaccorso L, Tanzi S, Sacchi S, Alquati S, Bertocchi E, Autelitano C, Taberna E, Martucci G. Self-Care as a Method to Cope With Suffering and Death: A Participatory Action-Research Aimed at Quality Improvement. Front Psychol 2022; 13:769702. [PMID: 35264999 PMCID: PMC8900725 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.769702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Palliative care is an emotionally and spiritually high-demanding setting of care. The literature reports on the main issues in order to implement self-care, but there are no models for the organization of the training course. We described the structure of training on self-care and its effects for a Hospital Palliative Care Unit. Method We used action-research training experience based mostly on qualitative data. Thematic analysis of data on open-ended questions, researcher’s field notes, oral and written feedback from the trainer and the participants on training outcomes and satisfaction questionnaires were used. Results Four major themes emerged: (1) “Professional role and personal feelings”; (2) “Inside and outside the team”; (3) “Do I listen to my emotions in the care relationship?”; (4) “Death: theirs vs. mine.” According to participants’ point of view and researchers’ observations, the training course resulted in ameliorative adjustments of the program; improved skills in self-awareness of own’s emotions and sharing of perceived emotional burden; practicing “compassionate presence” with patients; shared language to address previously uncharted aspects of coping; allowing for continuity of the skills learned; translation of the language learned into daily clinical practices through specific facilitation; a structured staff’s support system for emotional experiences. Discussion Self-care is an important enabler for the care of others. The core of our intervention was to encourage a meta-perspective in which the trainees developed greater perspicacity pertaining to their professional role in the working alliance and also recognizing the contribution of their personal emotions to impasse experienced with patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Buonaccorso
- Psycho-Oncology Unit, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Silvia Tanzi
- Palliative Care Unit, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Simona Sacchi
- Palliative Care Unit, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Sara Alquati
- Palliative Care Unit, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bertocchi
- Palliative Care Unit, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Cristina Autelitano
- Palliative Care Unit, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Eleonora Taberna
- Azienda Sanitaria dell'Alto Adige, Comprensorio Sanitario di Merano, Merano, Italy
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14
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Nigusie A, Endehabtu BF, Angaw DA, Teklu A, Mekonnen ZA, Feletto M, Assan A, Samuel A, Sheikh K, Tilahun B. Status of Compassionate, Respectful, and Caring Health Service Delivery: Scoping Review. JMIR Hum Factors 2022; 9:e30804. [PMID: 35129450 PMCID: PMC8863364 DOI: 10.2196/30804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A compassionate, respectful, and caring (CRC) health professional is very important for human-centered care, serving clients ethically and with respect, adhering to the professional oath, and serving as a model for young professionals. As countries try to achieve universal health coverage (UHC), quality delivery of health services is crucial. CRC health care is an initiative around the need to provide quality care services to clients and patients. However, there is an evidence gap on the status of CRC health care service delivery. Objective This scoping review aimed to map global evidence on the status of CRC health service delivery practice. Methods An exhaustive literature review and Delphi technique were used to answer the 2 research questions: “What is the current status of CRC health care practices among health workers?” and “Is it possible for health professionals, health managers, administrators, and policy makers to incorporate it into their activity while designing strategies that could improve the humanistic and holistic approach to health care provision?” The studies were searched from the year 2014 to September 2020 using electronic databases such as MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Hinari, and the World Health Organization (WHO) library. Additionally, grey literature such as Google, Google Scholar, and WorldWideScience were scrutinized. Studies that applied any study design and data collection and analysis methods related to CRC care were included. Two authors extracted the data and compared the results. Discrepancies were resolved by discussion, or the third reviewer made the decision. Findings from the existing literature were presented using thematic analysis. Results A total of 1193 potentially relevant studies were generated from the initial search, and 20 studies were included in the final review. From this review, we identified 5 thematic areas: the status of CRC implementation, facilitators for CRC health care service delivery, barriers to CRC health care delivery, disrespectful and abusive care encountered by patients, and perspectives on CRC. The findings of this review indicated that improving the mechanisms for monitoring health facilities, improving accountability, and becoming aware of the consequences of maltreatment within facilities are critical steps to improving health care delivery practices. Conclusions This scoping review identified that there is limited CRC service provision. Lack of training, patient flow volume, and bed shortages were found to be the main contributors of CRC health care delivery. Therefore, the health care system should consider the components of CRC in health care delivery during in-service training, pre-service training, monitoring and evaluation, community engagement, workload division, and performance appraisal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adane Nigusie
- Department of Health Education and Behavioural Sciences, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Berhanu F Endehabtu
- Department of Health Informatics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Dessie Abebaw Angaw
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Alemayehu Teklu
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Zeleke Abebaw Mekonnen
- Department of Health Informatics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Marta Feletto
- Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Abraham Assan
- Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Assegid Samuel
- Human Resources Administration Directorate, Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kabir Sheikh
- Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Binyam Tilahun
- Department of Health Informatics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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15
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Mayland CR, Hughes R, Lane S, McGlinchey T, Donnellan W, Bennett K, Hanna J, Rapa E, Dalton L, Mason SR. Are public health measures and individualised care compatible in the face of a pandemic? A national observational study of bereaved relatives' experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Palliat Med 2021; 35:1480-1491. [PMID: 34053347 DOI: 10.1177/02692163211019885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 public health restrictions have affected end-of-life care experiences for dying patients and their families. AIM To explore bereaved relatives' experiences of quality of care and family support provided during the last days of life; to identify the impact of factors associated with perceived support. DESIGN A national, observational, open online survey was developed and disseminated via social media, public fora and professional networks (June-September 2020). Validated instruments and purposively designed questions assessed experiences. Analysis used descriptive statistics, logistic regression and thematic analysis of free-text responses. PARTICIPANTS Individuals (⩾18 years) who had experienced the death of a relative/friend (all care settings) within the United Kingdome during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS Respondents (n = 278, mean 53.4 years) tended to be female (n = 216, 78%); over half were 'son/daughter' (174, 62.6%) to the deceased. Deceased individuals (mean 81.6 years) most frequently died in their 'usual place of care' (n = 192, 69.3%). Analysis established five conceptual themes affecting individualised care: (1) public health restrictions compounding the distress of 'not knowing'; (2) disparate views about support from doctors and nurses; (3) challenges in communication and level of preparedness for the death; (4) delivery of compassionate care; (5) emotional needs and potential impact on grief. Male respondents (OR 2.9, p = 0.03) and those able to visit (OR 2.2, p = 0.04) were independently associated with good perceptions of family support. CONCLUSION Despite public health restrictions, individualised care can be enabled by proactive, informative communication; recognising dying in a timely manner and facilitating the ability to be present before death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catriona R Mayland
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Palliative Care Unit, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rosemary Hughes
- Palliative Care Unit, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Steven Lane
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Warren Donnellan
- Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kate Bennett
- Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jeffrey Hanna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elizabeth Rapa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Louise Dalton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen R Mason
- Palliative Care Unit, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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16
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Ramos-Rincon JM, Moreno-Perez O, Gomez-Martinez N, Priego-Valladares M, Climent-Grana E, Marti-Pastor A, Portilla-Sogorb J, Sanchez-Martinez R, Merino E. Palliative Sedation in COVID-19 End-of-Life Care. Retrospective Cohort Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57090873. [PMID: 34577796 PMCID: PMC8470831 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57090873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Descriptions of end-of-life in COVID-19 are limited to small cross-sectional studies. We aimed to assess end-of-life care in inpatients with COVID-19 at Alicante General University Hospital (ALC) and compare differences according to palliative and non-palliative sedation. Material and Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study in inpatients included in the ALC COVID-19 Registry (PCR-RT or antigen-confirmed cases) who died during conventional admission from 1 March to 15 December 2020. We evaluated differences among deceased cases according to administration of palliative sedation. Results: Of 747 patients evaluated, 101 died (13.5%). Sixty-eight (67.3%) died in acute medical wards, and 30 (44.1%) received palliative sedation. The median age of patients with palliative sedation was 85 years; 44% were women, and 30% of cases were nosocomial. Patients with nosocomial acquisition received more palliative sedation than those infected in the community (81.8% [9/11] vs 36.8% [21/57], p = 0.006), and patients admitted with an altered mental state received it less (20% [6/23] vs. 53.3% [24/45], p = 0.032). The median time from admission to starting palliative sedation was 8.5 days (interquartile range [IQR] 3.0–14.5). The main symptoms leading to palliative sedation were dyspnea at rest (90%), pain (60%), and delirium/agitation (36.7%). The median time from palliative sedation to death was 21.8 h (IQR 10.4–41.1). Morphine was used in all palliative sedation perfusions: the main regimen was morphine + hyoscine butyl bromide + midazolam (43.3%). Conclusions: End-of-life palliative sedation in patients with COVID-19 was initiated quite late. Clinicians should anticipate the need for palliative sedation in these patients and recognize the breathlessness, pain, and agitation/delirium that foreshadow death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose-Manuel Ramos-Rincon
- Internal Medicine Department, Alicante General University Hospital—Alicante Institute of Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain; (A.M.-P.); (J.P.-S.); (R.S.-M.)
- Clinical Medicine Department, Miguel Hernández University, 03550 Elche, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Oscar Moreno-Perez
- Clinical Medicine Department, Miguel Hernández University, 03550 Elche, Spain;
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Alicante General University Hospital—Alicante Institute of Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Nazaret Gomez-Martinez
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Alicante General University Hospital—Alicante Institute of Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Manuel Priego-Valladares
- Palliative Care Unit and Internal Medicine Department, Alicante General University Hospital—Alicante Institute of Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Eduardo Climent-Grana
- Pharmacy Department, Alicante General University Hospital—Alicante Institute of Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Ana Marti-Pastor
- Internal Medicine Department, Alicante General University Hospital—Alicante Institute of Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain; (A.M.-P.); (J.P.-S.); (R.S.-M.)
| | - Joaquin Portilla-Sogorb
- Internal Medicine Department, Alicante General University Hospital—Alicante Institute of Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain; (A.M.-P.); (J.P.-S.); (R.S.-M.)
- Clinical Medicine Department, Miguel Hernández University, 03550 Elche, Spain;
| | - Rosario Sanchez-Martinez
- Internal Medicine Department, Alicante General University Hospital—Alicante Institute of Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain; (A.M.-P.); (J.P.-S.); (R.S.-M.)
| | - Esperanza Merino
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Alicante General University Hospital—Alicante Institute of Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain;
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17
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Wu C, Wu P, Li P, Cheng F, Du Y, He S, Lang H. Construction of an index system of core competence assessment for infectious disease specialist nurse in China: a Delphi study. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:791. [PMID: 34376141 PMCID: PMC8353424 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06402-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim and objective This study was to establish an index system for the evaluation of Chinese infectious disease specialist nurses’ core competence. Background The index system for the evaluation of infectious disease specialist nurses’ core competence has not been established. Design A two-round Delphi survey was conducted to seek opinions from experts about the index system for the evaluation of infectious disease specialist nurses’ core competence. Methods The study adopted several research methods, including literature retrieval, theoretical analysis and qualitative research. Based on the above method, the draft of core competence evaluation index system of infectious disease specialist nurses was constructed. A Delphi survey was used for the study of 30 infectious disease experts from 8 provinces and cities around China. A modified recommendation for the Conducting and Reporting of Delphi studies (CREDES) was also used to guide this study. A STROBE checklist was used. Results The Core Competence Evaluation Index System of Infectious Disease Nurses is composed of 6 primary indicators, namely, Nursing Abilities for Infectious Diseases, Infection Prevention and Control Abilities, Responsiveness to Infectious Diseases, Professional Development Abilities, Communication and Management Abilities, and Professionalism and Humanistic Accomplishment, 16 secondary indicators and 47 tertiary indicators. The authority coefficient, judgment coefficient and familiarity degree of Delphi experts were 0.923, 0.933 and 0.913 respectively. Conclusions The evaluation index system of core competence of diseases specialist nurses is scientific and reliable. It can be reference for future training and assessment of Chinese infectious disease specialist nurses. Relevance to clinical practice Infectious disease specialist nurses are the main force for infectious disease nursing. Their core competence is related to the quality of infectious disease nursing and treatment. The core competence of the nurses is important for identification of training strategies and can be regarded as reference for nurse assessment and promotion. The construction of the index system is based on the consensus of infectious disease experts, which is not only helpful to standardize the training strategies and selection standards of infectious disease specialist nurses in the future, but also meet the society’s needs in clinical infectious disease nursing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wu
- Air Force Medical University, Shaanxi, Xian, 710032, China
| | - Ping Wu
- Tongji Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Tongji Medical School of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Pei Li
- Tangdu Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University Shaanxi, Shaanxi, Xian, 710032, China
| | - Feixia Cheng
- Naval University of Engineering, Hubei, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Yanling Du
- Air Force Medical University, Shaanxi, Xian, 710032, China
| | - Shizhe He
- Air Force Medical University, Shaanxi, Xian, 710032, China
| | - Hongjuan Lang
- Air Force Medical University, Shaanxi, Xian, 710032, China.
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18
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Turner S, Botero-Tovar N, Herrera MA, Borda Kuhlmann JP, Ortiz F, Ramírez JC, Maldonado LF. Systematic review of experiences and perceptions of key actors and organisations at multiple levels within health systems internationally in responding to COVID-19. Implement Sci 2021; 16:50. [PMID: 33962635 PMCID: PMC8103061 DOI: 10.1186/s13012-021-01114-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 has presented challenges to healthcare systems and healthcare professionals internationally. After one year of the pandemic, the initial evidence on health system responses begins to consolidate, and there is a need to identify and synthesise experiences of responding to COVID-19 among healthcare professionals and other health system stakeholders. This systematic review of primary qualitative studies depicts the experiences and perceptions of organisations and actors at multiple levels of health systems internationally in responding to COVID-19. METHODS Six main databases of biomedical information, public health and health administration research were searched over the period October 1, 2019, to October 21, 2020. Information extracted from included studies was analysed thematically. RESULTS Thirty-four studies were eligible for data extraction. Nine of those studies, of lower methodological quality, were removed from the thematic analysis of study results. Considering the professional level experiences, predominant themes of the studies consisted of the new roles and responsibilities of healthcare workers, burnout and distress, recognition of ´unseen´ healthcare workers, and positive changes and emergent solutions amid the crisis. Organisational level findings of the studies included provision of psychological support, COVID-19 as "catalyst" for change, and exercise of more "open" leadership by managers and health authorities. Continuous training, regulation of working conditions, providing supportive resources, coordinating a diversity of actors, and reviewing and updating regulations were roles identified at the local health system level. CONCLUSIONS The experiences of frontline healthcare workers have been the focus of attention of the majority of primary qualitative studies as of October 2020. However, organisational and wider system level studies indicate that some responses to COVID-19 have been characterised by increased emphasis on coordination activities by local health system actors, making service adaptations at pace, and reliance on expanded roles of front-line workers. The need for theory-informed qualitative studies was identified at the organisational level. TRIAL REGISTRATION CRD42020202875.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Turner
- School of Management, University of los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Francisco Ortiz
- School of Management, University of los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
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19
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Franchini L, Varani S, Ostan R, Bocchi I, Pannuti R, Biasco G, Bruera E. Home palliative care professionals perception of challenges during the Covid-19 outbreak: A qualitative study. Palliat Med 2021; 35:862-874. [PMID: 33829909 DOI: 10.1177/02692163211008732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Home palliative care services have played an essential role during the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak by providing symptom control, drug procurement, and psychological support for frail patients and their families unable to leave their homes. AIM To understand how home palliative care professionals were affected by the outbreak, describing changes and challenges in their daily work as well as their reactions to the Covid-19 pandemic in Italy. DESIGN Qualitative study conducted using telephone semi-structured interviews, with thematic analysis. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS Thirty home care professionals working for an Italian non-profit organization which provides home palliative care for cancer patients and their families. RESULTS Three main themes were identified. The first theme showed both patient-related and practice-related challenges participants faced in their daily work, requiring the implementation of different communication methods and patient and family education on risk prevention. The second theme showed the perception of increased responsibility and being the only landmark for family played a decisive role in participants' positive attitude. The third theme highlighted the participants' perception of the critical role of a home care setting in this emergency situation. CONCLUSIONS The first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic brought many challenges and stressors for home palliative care professionals. On the other side, they reported a satisfaction with their critical role in carrying out their work with patients at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rita Ostan
- National Tumor Assistance (ANT), Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Eduardo Bruera
- Department of Palliative Care, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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20
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Perin M, De Panfilis L. Among equity and dignity: an argument-based review of European ethical guidelines under COVID-19. BMC Med Ethics 2021; 22:36. [PMID: 33789633 PMCID: PMC8011067 DOI: 10.1186/s12910-021-00603-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Under COVID-19 pandemic, many organizations developed guidelines to deal with the ethical aspects of resources allocation. This study describes the results of an argument-based review of ethical guidelines developed at the European level. It aims to increase knowledge and awareness about the moral relevance of the outbreak, especially as regards the balance of equity and dignity in clinical practice and patient's care. METHOD According to the argument-based review framework, we started our research from the following two questions: what are the ethical principles adopted by the ethical guidelines produced at the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak related to resource allocation? And what are the practical consequences in terms of 'priority' of access, access criteria, management of the decision-making process and patient care? RESULTS Twenty-two ethical guidelines met our inclusion criteria and the results of our analysis are organized into 4 ethical concepts and related arguments: the equity principle and emerging ethical theories; triage criteria; respecting patient's dignity, and decision making and quality of care. CONCLUSION Further studies can investigate the practical consequences of the application of the guidelines described, in terms of quality of care and health care professionals' moral distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Perin
- Bioethics Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
- PhD Program in Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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21
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Tanzi S, Buonaccorso L. Enhancing Patient Dignity: Opportunities Addressed by a Specialized Palliative Care Unit during the Coronavirus Pandemic. J Palliat Med 2021; 24:324-326. [PMID: 33650916 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2020.0661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Tanzi
- Palliative Care Unit, Azienda USL-IRCSS Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.,Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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22
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Varani S, Ostan R, Franchini L, Ercolani G, Pannuti R, Biasco G, Bruera E. Caring Advanced Cancer Patients at Home During COVID-19 Outbreak: Burnout and Psychological Morbidity Among Palliative Care Professionals in Italy. J Pain Symptom Manage 2021; 61:e4-e12. [PMID: 33249082 PMCID: PMC7691143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Providing palliative care (PC) at home for patients with advanced cancer has become essential during the COVID-19 emergency. Nevertheless, the home PC professionals (PCPs) faced a challenging situation because of increased number of discharged patients, reduced availability of health-care facilities, and physical/relational barriers between them and patients. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on burnout and psychological morbidity among home PCPs in Italy. METHODS One hundred and ninety-eight PC physicians and nurses working in home assistance in Italy were invited to participate. The results obtained by the investigation conducted during the COVID-19 emergency (COVID2020) were compared with data collected in 2016 in the same setting (BURNOUT2016). The questionnaires (socio-demographics, Maslach Burnout Inventory and General Health Questionnaire-12) were the same for both the surveys. The PCPs participating in COVID2020 survey (n = 145) were mostly the same (70%) who participated in the BURNOUT2016 study (n = 179). RESULTS One hundred and forty-five PCPs participated in the study (response rate 73.2%). During the COVID-19 emergency, home PCPs presented a lower burnout frequency (P < .001) and higher level of personal accomplishment than in 2016 (P = .047). Conversely, the risk for psychological morbidity was significantly higher during the pandemic (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS In the age of COVID-19, the awareness of being at the forefront of containing the pandemic along with the sense of responsibility toward their high-risk patients may arouse PCPs' psychological distress, but, on the other hand, this condition may improve their sense of professional satisfaction and personal accomplishment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rita Ostan
- National Tumor Assistance (ANT), Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Guido Biasco
- University of Bologna & Academy of the Sciences of Palliative Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - Eduardo Bruera
- Department of Palliative Care, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, Houston, Texas
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