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Sheikhi A, Siassi F, Djazayery A, Guilani B, Azadbakht L. Plant and animal protein intake and its association with depression, anxiety, and stress among Iranian women. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:161. [PMID: 36694166 PMCID: PMC9872399 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15100-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental disorders are conditions that affect the usual function of the brain, causing a huge burden on societies. The causes are often unclear, but previous research has pointed out, as is the case with many other diseases, that nutrition could have a major role in it. Amino acids, the building blocks of proteins, are the main precursor of neurotransmitters (the chemical messengers in the brain) malfunction of which is heavily associated with a wide range of brain disorders. METHODS We assumed different sources of dietary protein could have different impacts on mental well-being. Hence, we decided to collect the nutritional data (with a validated and reliable semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire) from a sample of 489 Iranian women and investigate the association between animal and plant protein sources and the risk of depression, anxiety, and stress. Symptoms of these mental disorders were assessed using a validated Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales (DASS) questionnaire with 21 items. RESULTS After multivariable adjustment, it was shown that women in the highest tertile of animal protein intake were more likely to show symptoms of depression (OR: 2.63; 95% CI: 1.45, 4.71; P = 0.001), anxiety (OR: 1.83; 95% CI: 1.04, 3.22; P = 0.03), and stress (OR: 3.66; 95% CI: 2.06, 6.50; p < 0.001). While no significant association was seen between plant protein and any of the studied mental disorders. CONCLUSION Overall, our findings suggest that a diet high in animal protein could predispose individuals to mental illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Sheikhi
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box: 1416643931, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereydoun Siassi
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box: 1416643931, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolghassem Djazayery
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box: 1416643931, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bijan Guilani
- grid.46072.370000 0004 0612 7950Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Azadbakht
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box: 1416643931, Tehran, Iran. .,Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR, Iran.
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Bell PT, Gilat M, Shine JM, McMahon KL, Lewis SJG, Copland DA. Neural correlates of emotional valence processing in Parkinson's disease: dysfunction in the subcortex. Brain Imaging Behav 2019; 13:189-199. [PMID: 28812218 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-017-9754-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is frequently accompanied by cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms including impairments in affective processing. Despite this, mechanisms underlying vulnerability to deficits in affective processing remain unclear. In this study, we utilized functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and an Affective Go-NoGo paradigm, to examine the neural correlates of emotional valence processing in PD. Results suggest that PD is associated with aberrant processing of emotional valence in subcortical limbic structures. Specifically, we found significant group-by-valence interactions in the ventral striatum and amygdala in response to words of differing emotional valence. Our findings contribute to a broader understanding of affective processing in PD and may provide insights into the mechanisms underlying vulnerability to mood disorders in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter T Bell
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Moran Gilat
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - James M Shine
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Katie L McMahon
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Simon J G Lewis
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David A Copland
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Association of Regulatory and Adaptive Status in Humans with Serotonergic Transmitter System Gene Polymorphism. Bull Exp Biol Med 2019; 166:487-488. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-019-04378-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Vidal-Ribas P, Brotman MA, Salum GA, Kaiser A, Meffert L, Pine DS, Leibenluft E, Stringaris A. Deficits in emotion recognition are associated with depressive symptoms in youth with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. Depress Anxiety 2018; 35:1207-1217. [PMID: 30004611 PMCID: PMC9719110 DOI: 10.1002/da.22810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although severe irritability is a predictor of future depression according to recent meta-analytic evidence, other mechanisms for this developmental transition remain unclear. In this study, we test whether deficits in emotion recognition may partially explain this specific association in youth with severe irritability, defined as disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD). METHODS Participants aged 8-20 years (M = 13.3, SD = 2.8) included youth with DMDD, split by low depressive (DMDD/LD; n = 52) and high depressive (DMDD/HD; n = 25) symptoms, and healthy controls (HC; n = 39). A standardized computer task assessed emotion recognition of faces and voices of adults and children expressing happiness, fear, sadness, and anger. A Group (3) × Emotion (4) × Actor (2) × Modality (2) repeated measures analysis of covariance examined the number of errors and misidentification of emotions. Linear regression was then used to assess whether deficits in emotion recognition were predictive of depressive symptoms at a 1 year follow-up. RESULTS DMDD/HD youth were more likely to interpret happy stimuli as angry and fearful compared to DMDD/LD (happy as angry: p = 0.018; happy as fearful: p = 0.008) and HC (happy as angry: p = 0.014; happy as fearful: p = 0.024). In youth with DMDD, the misidentification of happy stimuli as fearful was associated with higher depressive symptoms at follow-up (β = 0.43, p = 0.017), independent of baseline depressive and irritability symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Deficits in emotion recognition are associated, cross-sectionally and longitudinally, with depressive symptoms in youth with severe irritability. Future studies should examine the neural correlates that contribute to these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Vidal-Ribas
- Department of Health and Human Services, Mood Brain and Development Unit, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Melissa A. Brotman
- Department of Health and Human Services, Section on Mood Dysregulation and Neuroscience, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Giovanni A. Salum
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil,Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ariela Kaiser
- Department of Health and Human Services, Mood Brain and Development Unit, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Liana Meffert
- Department of Health and Human Services, Mood Brain and Development Unit, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Daniel S. Pine
- Department of Health and Human Services, Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ellen Leibenluft
- Department of Health and Human Services, Section on Mood Dysregulation and Neuroscience, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Argyris Stringaris
- Department of Health and Human Services, Mood Brain and Development Unit, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Tryptophan supplementation and serotonin function: genetic variations in behavioural effects. Proc Nutr Soc 2018; 77:174-188. [DOI: 10.1017/s0029665117004451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The neurotransmitter serotonin has a role in affective disorders such as depression and anxiety, as well as sleep, cognitive function and appetite. This review examines the evidence that serotonin-related genotypes may moderate the behavioural effects of supplementation with the serotonin precursor amino acidl-tryptophan (TRP), on which synthesis of serotonin (or 5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) depends. However, 95 % of serotonin is synthesised and used in the periphery, and TRP is also metabolised via non-5-HT routes such as the kynurenine pathway. Moreover, understanding of genotypes involved in regulation of serotonin raises questions over the generalisability of TRP effects on behaviour across individuals with varied serotonergic genotypes. To date, only differences between variants of the 5-HT transporter-linked promoter region (5-HTTLPR) have been investigated in relation to behavioural effects of TRP supplementation. Effects of 5-HTTLPR genotypes are usually compared between the alleles that are either high (L/L′) or low (S/S′) expressing of mRNA for the 5-HT transporter receptor. Yet, another key genetic variable is sex: in women, the S/S′ genotype predicts sensitivity to improved mood and reduced cortisol by TRP supplementation, during stressful challenges, whereas the L/L′ genotype protects against stress-induced mood deterioration. In men, the L/L′ genotype may confer risk of stress-induced increases in negative affect; there are insufficient data to assess effects on male S/S′ genotypes. However, better-powered studies to detect sex by genotype by stress by TRP interactions, as well as consideration of more genotypes, are needed before strong conclusions and recommendations for behavioural effects of TRP treatment can be reached.
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Slaney C, Hinchcliffe JK, Robinson ESJ. Translational Shifts in Preclinical Models of Depression: Implications for Biomarkers for Improved Treatments. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2018; 40:169-193. [PMID: 29696602 PMCID: PMC7614182 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2018_44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the neurobiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) remains one of the major challenges in neuroscience. The disease is heterogeneous in nature, and patients present with a varied symptom profile. Studies seeking to identify biomarkers for MDD diagnosis and treatment have not yet found any one candidate which achieves sufficient sensitivity and specificity. In this article, we consider whether neuropsychological impairments, specifically affective biases, could provide a behavioural biomarker. Affective biases are observed when emotional states influence cognitive function. These biases have been shown to influence a number of different cognitive domains with some specific deficits observed in MDD. It has also been possible to use these neuropsychological tests to inform the development of translational tasks for non-human species. The results from studies in rodents suggest that quantification of affective biases is feasible and may provide a reliable method to predict antidepressant efficacy as well as pro-depressant risk. Animal studies suggest that affective state-induced biases in learning and memory operate over a different time course to biases influencing decision-making. The implications for these differences in terms of task validity and future ideas relating to affective biases and MDD are discussed. We also describe our most recent studies which have shown that depression-like phenotypes share a common deficit in reward-related learning and memory which we refer to as a reward-induced positive bias. This deficit is dissociable from more typical measures of hedonic behaviour and motivation for reward and may represent an important and distinct form of reward deficit linked to MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Slaney
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, UK
| | - Justyna K Hinchcliffe
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, UK
| | - Emma S J Robinson
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, UK.
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Stuart SA, Wood CM, Robinson ESJ. Using the affective bias test to predict drug-induced negative affect: implications for drug safety. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:3200-3210. [PMID: 28782244 PMCID: PMC5595760 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Predicting the risk of drug‐induced adverse psychiatric effects is important but currently not possible in non‐human species. We investigated whether the affective bias test (ABT) could provide a preclinical method with translational and predictive validity. Experimental Approach The ABT is a bowl‐digging task, which quantifies biases associated with learning and memory. Rats encounter independent learning experiences, on separate days, under either acute manipulations (e.g. pro‐depressant vs. control) or different absolute reward values (e.g. high vs. low). A bias is observed during a preference test when an animal's choices reflect their prior experience. We investigated the effects of putative pro‐depressant drug treatments following acute or chronic administration on the formation of an affective bias or reward‐induced positive bias respectively. Key Results The immunomodulators LPS (10 μg·kg−1), corticosterone (10 and 30 mg·kg−1) and IFN‐α (100 U·kg−1) induced a negative affective bias following acute treatment. Tetrabenazine (1 mg·kg−1) also induced a negative bias, but no effects were observed with varenicline, carbamazepine or montelukast. Chronic treatment with IFN‐α (100 U·kg−1) and retinoic acid (10 mg·kg−1) impaired the formation of a reward‐induced positive bias but did not alter sucrose preference test (SPT). Conclusions and Implications The ABT has the potential to provide a novel approach to predict pro‐depressant risk in a non‐human species. Negative biases induced by acute treatment in the standard version of the task may also predict longer‐term effects on reward processing as shown by the deficit in reward‐induced positive bias following chronic treatment, an effect distinct from anhedonia in the SPT. Linked Articles This article is part of a themed section on Pharmacology of Cognition: a Panacea for Neuropsychiatric Disease? To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.19/issuetoc
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Stuart
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Sciences, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - C M Wood
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Sciences, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - E S J Robinson
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Sciences, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Social functioning in major depressive disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 69:313-32. [PMID: 27395342 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Depression is associated with social risk factors, social impairments and poor social functioning. This paper gives an overview of these social aspects using the NIMH Research and Domain Criteria 'Systems for Social Processes' as a framework. In particular, it describes the bio-psycho-social interplay regarding impaired affiliation and attachment (social anhedonia, hyper-sensitivity to social rejection, competition avoidance, increased altruistic punishment), impaired social communication (impaired emotion recognition, diminished cooperativeness), impaired social perception (reduced empathy, theory-of-mind deficits) and their impact on social networks and the use of social media. It describes these dysfunctional social processes at the behavioural, neuroanatomical, neurochemical and genetic levels, and with respect to animal models of social stress. We discuss the diagnostic specificity of these social deficit constructs for depression and in relation to depression severity. Since social factors are importantly involved in the pathogenesis and the consequences of depression, such research will likely contribute to better diagnostic assessments and concepts, treatments and preventative strategies both at the diagnostic and transdiagnostic level.
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Alfimova MV, Melnikova TS, Golimbet VE. [Molecular-genetic and electroencephalographic markers of neurocognitive processes in depressive disorders]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2015; 115:103-109. [PMID: 26438903 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro201511551103-109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Perspectives of molecular-genetic approaches to the establishment of mechanisms of development and causes of heterogeneity of neurocognitive impairment are discussed. The current results indicate that candidate genes for depression can contribute to the variance of memory and regulatory functions in patients. At the same time, these genes are closely related to affective information processing and .cortisol level. By that fact, it can't be excluded that affective processes moderate the association between cognition and genes. EEG parameters could be useful phenotypes in the search for and understanding of genetic mechanisms of cognitive deficit in depression. Parameters of resting EEG and its reactive changes are known to reflect the certain cognitive processes. They are influenced by genetic factors and are sensitive indicators of mechanisms that might underlie cognitive impairment in depressive patients. Accumulating data on molecular-genetic correlates of normal electric brain activity may be a source of choosing new candidate genes for cognitive impairment in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Alfimova
- Mental Health Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow; Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow
| | - T S Melnikova
- Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow
| | - V E Golimbet
- Mental Health Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
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Moreno FA, Erickson RP, Garriock HA, Gelernter J, Mintz J, Oas-Terpstra J, Davies MA, Delgado PL. Association Study of Genotype by Depressive Response during Tryptophan Depletion in Subjects Recovered from Major Depression. MOLECULAR NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2015; 1:165-174. [PMID: 26528486 DOI: 10.1159/000439114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The brief and reversible mood response to acute tryptophan (TRP) depletion (ATD) is being studied as a trait marker in subjects considered at risk for major depression (MD). PROCEDURES ATD was administered to 64 subjects (54 European-Americans, and10 from other races) with personal and family history of MD. They were in remission and had been medication-free for at least three months. Subjects received an active and sham condition in a random assignment, double-blind crossover design. They were genotyped for serotonin-related candidate genes, and mood response was quantified with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Data were analyzed using Poisson regression with repeated measures and latent trajectory models. RESULTS Compared to the sham control, active ATD caused modest depressive changes showing significant main effects of test condition (χ2=5.14, df=1, p=0.023) and time (χ2=12.22, df=3, p=0.007), but no significant interaction of time and test condition. Latent trajectory analysis revealed two groups, identified as depletion responders and non-responders. Those with the HTR2A rs6313 CC genotype had significantly higher HDRS scores during ATD (χ2=11.72, df=1, p=.0006). CONCLUSIONS AND MESSAGE ATD may help the identification of biological subtypes of MD. These data are consistent with imaging reports implicating 5-HT2A receptor function in ATD phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco A Moreno
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, USA
| | - Robert P Erickson
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, USA
| | - Holly A Garriock
- Division of Translational Research (DTR), National Institute of Mental Health, USA
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, VA Connecticut Health Care Center, USA
| | - Jim Mintz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Sciences Center San Antonio, USA
| | - Jennifer Oas-Terpstra
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, USA
| | - Marilyn A Davies
- Health and Community Systems, University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, USA
| | - Pedro L Delgado
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, USA
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Biskup CS, Gaber T, Helmbold K, Bubenzer-Busch S, Zepf FD. Amino acid challenge and depletion techniques in human functional neuroimaging studies: an overview. Amino Acids 2015; 47:651-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-1919-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Moeller SJ, Parvaz MA, Shumay E, Wu S, Beebe-Wang N, Konova AB, Misyrlis M, Alia-Klein N, Goldstein RZ. Monoamine polygenic liability in health and cocaine dependence: imaging genetics study of aversive processing and associations with depression symptomatology. Drug Alcohol Depend 2014; 140:17-24. [PMID: 24837582 PMCID: PMC4053494 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene polymorphisms that affect serotonin signaling modulate reactivity to salient stimuli and risk for emotional disturbances. Here, we hypothesized that these serotonin genes, which have been primarily explored in depressive disorders, could also have important implications for drug addiction, with the potential to reveal important insights into drug symptomatology, severity, and/or possible sequelae such as dysphoria. METHODS Using an imaging genetics approach, the current study tested in 62 cocaine abusers and 57 healthy controls the separate and combined effects of variations in the serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR) and monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) genes on processing of aversive information. Reactivity to standardized unpleasant images was indexed by a psychophysiological marker of stimulus salience (i.e., the late positive potential (LPP) component of the event-related potential) during passive picture viewing. Depressive symptomatology was assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). RESULTS Results showed that, independent of diagnosis, the highest unpleasant LPPs emerged in individuals with MAOA-Low and at least one 'Short' allele of 5-HTTLPR. Uniquely in the cocaine participants with these two risk variants, higher unpleasant LPPs correlated with higher BDI scores. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results suggest that a multilocus genetic composite of monoamine signaling relates to depression symptomatology through brain function associated with the experience of negative emotions. This research lays the groundwork for future studies that can investigate clinical outcomes and/or pharmacogenetic therapies in drug addiction and potentially other psychopathologies of emotion dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott J Moeller
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States of America
| | - Muhammad A Parvaz
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States of America
| | - Elena Shumay
- Department of Biosciences, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, United States of America
| | - Salina Wu
- Department of Biosciences, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, United States of America
| | - Nicasia Beebe-Wang
- Department of Biosciences, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, United States of America
| | - Anna B Konova
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States of America; Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States of America
| | - Michail Misyrlis
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States of America; Department of Computer Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States of America
| | - Nelly Alia-Klein
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States of America
| | - Rita Z Goldstein
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States of America.
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