1
|
Wardle MC, Webber HE, Yoon JH, Heads AM, Stotts AL, Lane SD, Schmitz JM. Behavioral therapies targeting reward mechanisms in substance use disorders. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2024; 240:173787. [PMID: 38705285 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2024.173787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Behavioral therapies are considered best practices in the treatment of substance use disorders (SUD) and used as first-line approaches for SUDs without FDA-approved pharmacotherapies. Decades of research on the neuroscience of drug reward and addiction have informed the development of current leading behavioral therapies that, while differing in focus and technique, have in common the overarching goal of shifting reward responding away from drug and toward natural non-drug rewards. This review begins by describing key neurobiological processes of reward in addiction, followed by a description of how various behavioral therapies address specific reward processes. Based on this review, a conceptual 'map' is crafted to pinpoint gaps and areas of overlap, serving as a guide for selecting and integrating behavioral therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret C Wardle
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Heather E Webber
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Jin H Yoon
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Angela M Heads
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Angela L Stotts
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, United States of America
| | - Scott D Lane
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Joy M Schmitz
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
File D, Bőthe B, File B, Demetrovics Z. The Role of Impulsivity and Reward Deficiency in "Liking" and "Wanting" of Potentially Problematic Behaviors and Substance Uses. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:820836. [PMID: 35546934 PMCID: PMC9083266 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.820836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A few studies have examined the changes in substance- and behavior-related "wanting" and "liking" of human subjects, the key properties of Incentive Sensitization Theory (IST). The aim of this study was to examine the dissociation between "wanting" and "liking" as a function of usage frequency, intensity, and subjective severity in individuals across four substances (alcohol, nicotine, cannabis, and other drugs) and ten behaviors (gambling, overeating, gaming, pornography use, sex, social media use, Internet use, TV-series watching, shopping, and work). Also, the potential roles of impulsivity and reward deficiency were investigated in "wanting," "liking," and wellbeing. The sex differences between "wanting" and "liking" were also examined. Based on our findings using structural equation modeling with 749 participants (503 women, M age = 35.7 years, SD = 11.84), who completed self-report questionnaires, "wanting" increased with the severity, frequency, and intensity of potentially problematic use, while "liking" did not change. Impulsivity positively predicted "wanting," and "wanting" positively predicted problem uses/behaviors. Reward deficiency positively predicted problem uses/behaviors, and both impulsivity and problem uses/behaviors negatively predicted wellbeing. Finally, women showed higher levels of "wanting," compared to men. These findings demonstrate the potential roles of incentive sensitization in both potentially problematic substance uses and behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Domonkos File
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta Bőthe
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bálint File
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cyders MA, Plawecki MH, Whitt ZT, Kosobud AEK, Kareken DA, Zimmermann US, O’Connor SJ. Translating preclinical models of alcohol seeking and consumption into the human laboratory using intravenous alcohol self-administration paradigms. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e13016. [PMID: 33543589 PMCID: PMC8339186 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical models of alcohol use disorder (AUD) have advanced theoretical, mechanistic, and pharmacological study of the human condition. "Liking" and "wanting" behaviors reflect core processes underlying several models of AUD. However, the development and application of translational models of these preclinical approaches are at an incipient stage. The goal of this study was to examine how intravenous free-access and progressive-ratio, operant-response human alcohol self-administration paradigms can be used as translational human model parallels of preclinical "liking" and "wanting." Participants were 40 adults (mean age = 23.7, SD = 2.0; 45% female) of European descent who reported 12.6 drinking days (SD = 5.2) out of the previous 30 (average = 4.1 drinks per drinking day [SD = 1.7]). Individuals diverged in their alcohol self-administration behavior, such that free-access and progressive-ratio paradigm outcomes were not significantly correlated (p = 0.44). Free-access alcohol seeking was related to enjoying alcohol (p < 0.001), but not craving (p = 0.48), whereas progressive-ratio seeking at similar levels of alcohol exposure was related to craving (p = 0.02), but not enjoying (p = 0.30). Family history of alcoholism, venturesomeness traits, and disinhibition traits were unrelated (ps > 0.70) to preferred level of breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) in the free-access session, a measure of liking alcohol. Family history of alcoholism, disinhibition traits, and recent drinking history were significantly related (ps < 0.05) to alcohol seeking in the progressive-ratio paradigm, a measure of wanting alcohol. We conclude that intravenous alcohol self-administration paradigms show promise in modeling behaviors that characterize and parallel alcohol "liking" and "wanting" in preclinical models. These paradigms provide a translational link between preclinical methods and clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Cyders
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University—Purdue University, Indianapolis
| | | | - Zachary T. Whitt
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University—Purdue University, Indianapolis
| | | | | | - Ulrich S. Zimmermann
- Technische Universität Dresden School of Medicine, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Addiction Medicine and Psychotherapy, kbo Isar-Amper-Klinikum, Munich, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Leganes-Fonteneau M, Bates ME, Vaschillo EG, Buckman JF. An interoceptive basis for alcohol priming effects. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:1621-1631. [PMID: 33599809 PMCID: PMC7889700 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05796-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Alcohol priming can modulate the value of rewards, as observed through the effects of acute alcohol administration on cue reactivity. However, little is known about the psychophysiological mechanisms driving these effects. Here, we examine how alcohol-induced changes in bodily states shape the development of implicit attentional biases and explicit cue reactivity. OBJECTIVES To characterize the interoceptive correlates of alcohol priming effects on alcohol attentional biases and cue reactivity. METHODS In a two-session double-blind alcohol administration procedure, participants (n=31) were given a 0.4-g/kg dose of alcohol or a placebo drink. Cardiovascular responses were measured before and after alcohol administration to observe the effects of alcohol on viscero-afferent reactivity, as indexed through changes in heart rate variability (HRV) at or near 0.1 Hz (0.1-Hz HRV). Next, participants completed a modified flanker task to examine implicit alcohol attentional biases and provided subjective valence and arousal ratings of alcohol cues to examine explicit cue reactivity. RESULTS We found that changes in 0.1-Hz HRV after alcohol administration positively correlated with attentional biases, and negatively correlated with alcohol valence ratings; blood alcohol content was a null predictor. CONCLUSIONS This is novel evidence that suggests alcohol-induced changes in bodily states may mediate the occurrence of alcohol priming effects and highlights the potentially generative role of interoceptive mechanisms in alcohol-related behaviors. The differential patterns revealed by implicit biases and explicit response tendencies are considered within the context of the dissociation between wanting and liking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mateo Leganes-Fonteneau
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA. .,Cardiac Neuroscience Laboratory, Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
| | - Marsha E. Bates
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ USA ,grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Cardiac Neuroscience Laboratory, Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ USA
| | - Evgeny G. Vaschillo
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ USA ,grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Cardiac Neuroscience Laboratory, Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ USA
| | - Jennifer F. Buckman
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ USA ,grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Cardiac Neuroscience Laboratory, Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Koranyi N, Brückner E, Jäckel A, Grigutsch LA, Rothermund K. Dissociation between wanting and liking for coffee in heavy drinkers. J Psychopharmacol 2020; 34:1350-1356. [PMID: 32436771 DOI: 10.1177/0269881120922960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an ongoing discussion about the addictive strength of caffeine. According to the incentive-sensitization theory, the development and the maintenance of drug addiction is the result of a selective sensitization of brain regions that are relevant for wanting without a corresponding increase in liking. Dissociations of wanting and liking have been observed with a wide range of drugs in animals. For human subjects, results are inconclusive, which is possibly due to invalid operationalizations of wanting and liking. AIM The present study examined dissociations of wanting and liking for coffee in heavy and low/non-consumers with newly developed and validated response time-based assessment procedures for wanting and liking. METHODS For this study 24 heavy and 32 low/non-consumers of coffee completed two versions of the Implicit-Association Test (IAT), one of which has been developed and validated recently to assess wanting for coffee, whereas the other reflects an indicator of liking for coffee. RESULTS Results revealed a significant interaction between group (heavy vs. low/non-consumers) and IAT type (wanting vs. liking) indicating that heavy coffee drinkers differed from low/non-consumers by displaying increased wanting but not liking for coffee. INTERPRETATION These data confirm that heavy coffee consumption is associated with strong wanting despite low liking for coffee, indicating that wanting becomes independent from liking through repeated consumption of caffeine. This dissociation provides a possible explanation for the widespread and stable consumption of caffeine-containing beverages.
Collapse
|
6
|
Selby DL, Harrison AA, Fozard TE, Kolokotroni KZ. Dissociating wanting and anticipated liking from consummatory liking in smokers with different levels of nicotine dependence. Addict Behav 2020; 102:106185. [PMID: 31838369 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Incentive Sensitisation theory suggests wanting and liking are dissociable concepts, with wanting, but not liking typically increasing with repeated drug use. Wanting is associated with anticipation of reward, whereas liking relates to pleasure derived from consummatory behaviour. However, numerous studies have conceptualised liking as an anticipatory cognition. This study explores whether levels of nicotine dependence differentially effect wanting and liking responses to smoking-related cues, and whether anticipated and consummatory liking are equivalent, and dissociable from wanting. METHOD Heavy (HS, mean = 16 cigarettes/day) and light non-daily (LS, mean = 2 cigarettes/day) smokers completed wanting and anticipated liking questionnaires pre-, immediately post-exposure to smoking-related and neutral cues and at session-end. Consummatory liking was measured post-session, immediately after smoking. RESULTS Wanting and anticipated liking responses were comparable. Smoking-related cues increased wanting and anticipated liking compared to neutral cues. This effect was maintained until session-end. No baseline differences were seen between HS and LS on wanting or anticipated liking, however after cue exposure, and at session-end, HS reported greater drug wanting and anticipated liking than LS. Conversely, HS and LS did not differ on consummatory liking. Analyses confirmed the relationship between wanting and anticipated liking was significantly stronger than wanting and consummatory liking or anticipated and consummatory liking. CONCLUSIONS Wanting and anticipated liking appear to be overlapping constructs assessing expectations of reward, that are dissociable from consummatory liking. Furthermore, heavier smoking increases drug wanting, but not smoking pleasure. Future attempts to dissociate these concepts should ensure liking is measured during/immediately after consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L Selby
- Leeds School of Social Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Calverley Street, Leeds, UK.
| | | | - Therese E Fozard
- Leeds School of Social Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Calverley Street, Leeds, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
|