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Saalfield J, Piersol KL, Esopenko C, Bates ME, Weismiller SA, Brostrand K, Todaro SM, Conway FN, Wilde EA, Buckman JF. Digital neuropsychological test performance in a large sample of uninjured collegiate athletes. Appl Neuropsychol Adult 2024; 31:155-161. [PMID: 34822256 PMCID: PMC10199655 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2021.2003365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Digital neuropsychological test batteries are popular in college athletics; however, well-validated digital tests that are short and portable are needed to expand the feasibility of performing cognitive testing quickly, reliably, and outside standard clinical settings. This study assessed performance on digital versions of Trail Making Test (dTMT) and a modified Symbol Digit Modalities Test (dSDMT) in uninjured collegiate athletes (n = 537; 47% female) using the C3Logix baseline assessment module. Time to complete (dTMT) and the number of correct responses (dSDMT) were computed, transformed into z scores, and compared to age-matched normative data from analogous paper-and-pencil tests. Overall sample performance was compared to normative sample performance using Cohen's d. Sample averages on the dTMT, Part A, and dSDMT were similar to published norms; 97 and 92% of z scores fell within 2 standard deviations of normative means, respectively. The sample averaged faster completion times on dTMT, Part B than published norms, although 98% of z scores were within 2 standard deviations of the normative means. Brief, digitized tests may be useful in populations and testing environments when longer cognitive test batteries are impractical. Future studies should assess the ability of these tests to detect clinically relevant changes following a suspected head injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Saalfield
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University–New Brunswick
| | - Kelsey L. Piersol
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University–New Brunswick
| | - Carrie Esopenko
- Department of Rehabilitation & Movement Sciences, School of Health Professions, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences
| | - Marsha E. Bates
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University–New Brunswick
- Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University – New Brunswick
| | - Scott A. Weismiller
- Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University – New Brunswick
| | - Kyle Brostrand
- Department of Athletics, Rutgers University–New Brunswick
| | - Sabrina M. Todaro
- Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University – New Brunswick
| | - Fiona N. Conway
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University–New Brunswick
- Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University – New Brunswick
| | - Elisabeth A. Wilde
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine and the George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center
| | - Jennifer F. Buckman
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University–New Brunswick
- Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University – New Brunswick
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Bates ME, Eddie D, Lehrer PM, Nolan RP, Siepmann M. Editorial: Integrated cardiovascular and neural system processes as potential mechanisms of behavior change. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1175691. [PMID: 37032946 PMCID: PMC10074486 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1175691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marsha E. Bates
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University - New Brunswick, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - David Eddie
- Recovery Research Institute and Psychiatry Department, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Paul M. Lehrer
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University - New Brunswick, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Robert P. Nolan
- Behavioural Cardiology Research Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Martin Siepmann
- Clinic for Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Bates ME, Price JL, Leganes-Fonteneau M, Muzumdar N, Piersol K, Frazier I, Buckman JF. The Process of Heart Rate Variability, Resonance at 0.1 hz, and the Three Baroreflex Loops: A Tribute to Evgeny Vaschillo. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2022; 47:327-340. [PMID: 35536496 PMCID: PMC9088144 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-022-09544-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marsha E. Bates
- Department of Kinesiology & Health, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, 08854 Piscataway, NJ United States
- Center of Alcohol & Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, 08854 Piscataway, NJ United States
| | - Julianne L. Price
- Department of Kinesiology & Health, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, 08854 Piscataway, NJ United States
- Center of Alcohol & Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, 08854 Piscataway, NJ United States
| | - Mateo Leganes-Fonteneau
- Department of Kinesiology & Health, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, 08854 Piscataway, NJ United States
- Center of Alcohol & Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, 08854 Piscataway, NJ United States
| | - Neel Muzumdar
- Department of Kinesiology & Health, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, 08854 Piscataway, NJ United States
- Center of Alcohol & Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, 08854 Piscataway, NJ United States
| | - Kelsey Piersol
- Department of Kinesiology & Health, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, 08854 Piscataway, NJ United States
- Center of Alcohol & Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, 08854 Piscataway, NJ United States
| | - Ian Frazier
- Department of Kinesiology & Health, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, 08854 Piscataway, NJ United States
- Center of Alcohol & Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, 08854 Piscataway, NJ United States
| | - Jennifer F. Buckman
- Department of Kinesiology & Health, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, 08854 Piscataway, NJ United States
- Center of Alcohol & Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, 08854 Piscataway, NJ United States
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Price JL, Bates ME, Pawlak AP, Uhouse SG, Todaro SM, Morgano J, Buckman JF. Use and perceived usefulness of a just-in-time resonance breathing intervention adjunct for substance use disorder: Contextual and physiological predictors. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:945751. [PMID: 36159943 PMCID: PMC9490325 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.945751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Craving for alcohol and other drugs is often described as a momentary hyperarousal state that interferes with one's ability to use top-down strategies. As such, it may be best interrupted 'in the moment' through bottom-up modulation. We recently reported that episodic resonance paced breathing (eRPB) delivered via mobile phone app as an add-on to outpatient treatment for substance use disorder (SUD) was effective at dampening craving over the course of an 8-week intervention (NCT#02579317). However, not all participants engaged with the eRPB app and there was high intra- and inter-individual variability in weekly ratings of usefulness. Here we examined baseline demographic, physiological, and psychiatric measures as well as time-varying exposure to positive, negative, and temptation craving triggers as predictors of frequency of eRPB app use and ratings of usefulness. Seventy-seven outpatient women were randomized to an eRPB (0.1 Hz) or a faster paced breathing sham (0.23 Hz) condition. Baseline measures were assessed within the first 3 weeks of treatment entry prior to randomization. App use frequency, ratings of usefulness, and trigger exposure were measured weekly throughout the intervention. Variables were entered into marginal means models with forward stepwise model selection and examined as predictors of use and usefulness. Frequent app use was associated with a lifetime alcohol use disorder (AUD) diagnosis (p = 0.026), higher ratings of usefulness (p < 0.001), and fewer exposures to positive triggers (e.g., celebration, socialization; p < 0.001). There was a trend-level association between frequency of app use and greater cardiovascular capacity at baseline (p = 0.088). Higher ratings of usefulness were associated with greater exposure to negative triggers (e.g,. loneliness, frustration; p < 0.001) and parasympathetic dysregulation at baseline (p = 0.05). A positive relationship between app use frequency and ratings of usefulness was present only in the eRPB group (p = 0.045). Matching ideal candidates and moments to an arousal modulation anti-craving intervention can help streamline screening and implementation of eRPB in the treatment of SUD. Clinical Trial Registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02579317, identifier NCT02579317.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne L. Price
- Cardiac Neuroscience Laboratory, Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ, United States
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Marsha E. Bates
- Cardiac Neuroscience Laboratory, Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ, United States
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Anthony P. Pawlak
- Cardiac Neuroscience Laboratory, Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Sarah Grace Uhouse
- Cardiac Neuroscience Laboratory, Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ, United States
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Sabrina M. Todaro
- Cardiac Neuroscience Laboratory, Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ, United States
- Department of Psychology, College of Health Sciences, University of Rhode Island, South Kingstown, RI, United States
| | - Julie Morgano
- Cardiac Neuroscience Laboratory, Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Jennifer F. Buckman
- Cardiac Neuroscience Laboratory, Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ, United States
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ, United States
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Lesnewich LM, Pawlak AP, Gohel S, Bates ME. Functional connectivity in the central executive network predicts changes in binge drinking behavior during emerging adulthood: an observational prospective study. Addiction 2022; 117:1899-1907. [PMID: 35129227 DOI: 10.1111/add.15828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Binge drinking contributes to the immense public health burden associated with alcohol use, especially among younger drinkers. Little is known about the underlying neurobiology of changes in this behavior over time. This preliminary study aimed to identify neurobiological markers of binge drinking behavior change during emerging adulthood. DESIGN Observational prospective investigation of neurobiological predictors of binge drinking behavior. SETTING Communities surrounding a large, public university in the northeastern United States. PARTICIPANTS A total of 42 emerging adults (48% female), approximately half meeting criteria for an alcohol use disorder. MEASUREMENTS Past month binge drinking, the dependent variable, was assessed at two time-points (T1, T2) via self-report. Ten indices of resting-state functional connectivity within the central executive network (CEN), a brain network involved in executive function, were collected at T1 and specified as independent variables in cross-sectional and prospective Poisson models. All models controlled for age, sex, and alcohol use disorder status. FINDINGS The cross-sectional model yielded five significant associations between CEN connectivity and binge drinking incidence. Connections anchored primarily in the anterior CEN exhibited negative associations with binge drinking incidence (P = 0.001, 0.004, 0.011), and connections stemming from the right posterior parietal cortex exhibited positive associations with binge drinking incidence (P = 0.041, 0.045). In prospective models, stronger frontoparietal connectivity between the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and left posterior parietal cortex predicted greater increases in binge drinking incidence over time (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS There is an association between central executive network connectivity and heavy drinking, as well as evidence that functional pathways within the central executive network may contribute to changes in problematic drinking behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Lesnewich
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, Veterans Affairs New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange, NJ, USA
| | - Anthony P Pawlak
- Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Suril Gohel
- Department of Health Informatics, School of Health Professions, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Marsha E Bates
- Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Price JL, Bates ME, Morgano J, Todaro S, Uhouse SG, Vaschillo E, Vaschillo B, Pawlak A, Buckman JF. Effects of arousal modulation via resonance breathing on craving and affect in women with substance use disorder. Addict Behav 2022; 127:107207. [PMID: 34953433 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Craving for alcohol and other drugs is a complex in-the-moment experience that involves within-person changes in physiological arousal and affect. We evaluated the utility of a just-in-time, self-administered resonance breathing smartphone application (app) to reduce craving and improve affect in women during outpatient treatment for substance use disorders (SUD). METHODS Women (N = 57) receiving outpatient addiction treatment were randomized to practice either cardiovascular resonance breathing (0.1 Hz/6 breaths per minute) or a sham (∼0.23 Hz/14 breaths per minute) in the face of urges over an 8-week intervention. Craving (Penn Alcohol Craving Scale) and affect (Positive and Negative Affect Scale) were collected weekly throughout the intervention. App data were uploaded weekly to assess frequency of use. Generalized Estimated Equations modeled craving and affect as a function of group randomization and app use frequency across the 8-week intervention. FINDINGS Higher levels of craving were associated with more frequent app use. The group X app use interaction was significant for craving. Frequent app use during the intervention phase was associated with lower craving levels in the resonance breathing group relative to the sham group over the 8-week intervention. There was no effect of app use frequency on affect measures. CONCLUSIONS Women assigned to practice sham breathing who used the intervention frequently experienced elevations in craving that are commonly reported during outpatient SUD treatment. Women assigned to resonance breathing who used the intervention frequently did not experience such increases. Resonance breathing may be protective against triggers in outpatient treatment. Physiological mechanisms are discussed.
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Eddie D, Bates ME, Buckman JF. Closing the brain-heart loop: Towards more holistic models of addiction and addiction recovery. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e12958. [PMID: 32783345 PMCID: PMC7878572 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Much research seeks to articulate the brain structures and pathways implicated in addiction and addiction recovery. Prominent neurobiological models emphasize the interplay between cortical and limbic brain regions as a main driver of addictive processes, but largely do not take into consideration sensory and visceral information streams that link context and state to the brain and behavior. Yet these brain-body information streams would seem to be necessary elements of a comprehensive model of addiction. As a starting point, we describe the overlap between one current model of addiction circuitry and the neural network that not only regulates cardiovascular system activity but also receives feedback from peripheral cardiovascular processes through the baroreflex loop. We highlight the need for neurobiological, molecular, and behavioral studies of neural and peripheral cardiovascular signal integration during the experience of internal states and environmental contexts that drive alcohol and other drug use behaviors. We end with a call for systematic, mechanistic research on the promising, yet largely unexamined benefits to addiction treatment of neuroscience-informed, adjunctive interventions that target the malleability of the cardiovascular system to alter brain processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Eddie
- Recovery Research Institute, Center for Addiction Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marsha E. Bates
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA,Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jennifer F. Buckman
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA,Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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Leganes-Fonteneau M, Bates ME, Islam S, Buckman JF. Changes in interoception after alcohol administration correlate with expectancies and subjective effects. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13098. [PMID: 34514670 PMCID: PMC10507792 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Interoceptive signals give rise to subjective feeling states that can drive motivational and behavioural responses. In the context of alcohol use behaviours, interoceptive signals may shape subjective alcohol experiences and thereby support biobehavioural mechanisms of drinking behaviour change. This study examined the acute effects of alcohol on participants' interoceptive abilities and determined whether pharmacologically induced changes in heart beat detection correlate with subjective alcohol effects, craving and expectancies. Participants completed a two-session, double-blind placebo controlled experiment (n = 27). Participants consumed a beverage containing 0.4 g/kg of alcohol or a placebo. They also completed measurements of alcohol expectancies at baseline, and alcohol-induced changes in mood, craving and light-headedness. Interoceptive ability was measured using the heartbeat discrimination task prior to and following beverage administration, yielding indices of interoceptive accuracy, confidence and meta-cognition. Alcohol administration increased interoceptive accuracy compared with baseline and placebo; and those changes in interoception negatively correlated with negative alcohol expectancies. Further, changes in interoception positively correlated with perceived light-headedness and positive mood after alcohol administration, whereas null effects were found for craving. In the placebo condition, null results were obtained. Alcohol is well established to change bodily states, and here, we find that the extent to which alcohol increases participants' sensitivity to bodily states correlates with their subjective drinking experiences. This was observed in relation to mood, light-headedness and prospective alcohol expectancies. We posit that over successive alcohol experiences, changes in bodily states may feed into the development of alcohol expectancies that could in turn predict future drinking behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateo Leganes-Fonteneau
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University–New Brunswick, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
- Cardiac Neuroscience Laboratory, Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers University–New Brunswick, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Marsha E. Bates
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University–New Brunswick, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
- Cardiac Neuroscience Laboratory, Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers University–New Brunswick, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Shahriar Islam
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University–New Brunswick, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
- Cardiac Neuroscience Laboratory, Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers University–New Brunswick, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jennifer F. Buckman
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University–New Brunswick, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
- Cardiac Neuroscience Laboratory, Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers University–New Brunswick, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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Leganes-Fonteneau M, Bates ME, Muzumdar N, Pawlak A, Islam S, Vaschillo E, Buckman JF. Cardiovascular mechanisms of interoceptive awareness: Effects of resonance breathing. Int J Psychophysiol 2021; 169:71-87. [PMID: 34534600 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Interoception, the ability to perceive internal bodily sensations, and heart rate variability (HRV) share common physiological pathways, including the baroreflex feedback loop. The baroreflex can be activated by resonance breathing, wherein respiration is paced at 6 times per minute (0.1 Hz), eliciting immediate physiological changes and longer-term therapeutic responses. This registered report characterizes baroreflex functioning as a cardiac mechanism of interoception in a two-session study (n = 67). The heartbeat discrimination task was used to obtain indices of interoceptive accuracy, sensibility and metacognition. Baroreflex functioning was measured as HRV at 0.1 Hz and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS); high frequency (HF) HRV was calculated as a control. Cardiovascular indices were measured at baseline and during active and control paced breathing after which changes in interoception were measured. The first hypothesis was that baseline baroreflex functioning would predict individual differences in interoceptive awareness. The second hypothesis was that resonance breathing would increase participants' ability to detect their own heartbeats, and that this effect would be mediated by increases in 0.1 Hz HRV and BRS. Data were collected upon in principle acceptance of the manuscript. We found a negative relationship of interoceptive accuracy with baseline HF HRV and BRS, and a positive relationship between metacognitive interoception and 0.1HZ HRV, BRS and HF HRV. We found that changes in 0.1 Hz HRV and BRS during resonance breathing positively correlate with increases in interoceptive accuracy. Our results show that the extent to which breathing recruits the resonant properties of the cardiovascular system can facilitate the conscious perception of participants' heartbeats. We interpret this as an increase in vagal afferent signaling and baroreflex functioning following resonance breathing. We put forward an alternative explanation that HRV modulation can reduce interoceptive prediction errors, facilitating the conscious perception of interoceptive signals, and consider the role of resonance breathing on mental health from an interoceptive inference perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateo Leganes-Fonteneau
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States of America; Cardiac Neuroscience Laboratory, Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States of America.
| | - Marsha E Bates
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States of America; Cardiac Neuroscience Laboratory, Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States of America
| | - Neel Muzumdar
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States of America; Cardiac Neuroscience Laboratory, Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States of America
| | - Anthony Pawlak
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States of America; Cardiac Neuroscience Laboratory, Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States of America
| | - Shahriar Islam
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States of America
| | - Evgeny Vaschillo
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States of America; Cardiac Neuroscience Laboratory, Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States of America
| | - Jennifer F Buckman
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States of America; Cardiac Neuroscience Laboratory, Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States of America
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Leganes-Fonteneau M, Bates ME, Pawlak A, Buckman JF. Does alcohol affect emotional face processing via interoceptive pathways? Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 226:108845. [PMID: 34246917 PMCID: PMC8355063 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our brain uses interoceptive signals from the body to shape how we perceive emotions in others; however, whether interoceptive signals can be manipulated to alter emotional perceptions is unknown. Alcohol has acute effects both on emotional processing and on the physiological substrates supporting interoception. In this registered report, we examine whether alcohol administration triggers physiological changes that alter interoceptive signals and manipulate emotional face processing. Such knowledge will broaden understanding of the mechanisms by which alcohol affects emotional face processing. METHODS Participants (n = 36) will be administered an alcohol or placebo beverage. Cardiovascular physiology will be recorded before and after administration. Participants will complete two behavioral tasks in which they view emotional faces presented in synchrony with different phases of the cardiac cycle (i.e., systole, diastole). This manipulation creates an index of how interoceptive signals amplify emotional face processing. HYPOTHESES We hypothesize that, compared to placebo, alcohol administration will disrupt the cardiac amplification of emotional face processing. We further explore whether this disruption depends on the nature and magnitude of changes in cardiovascular physiology after alcohol administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateo Leganes-Fonteneau
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Cardiac Neuroscience Laboratory, Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
| | - Marsha E Bates
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Cardiac Neuroscience Laboratory, Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
| | - Anthony Pawlak
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Cardiac Neuroscience Laboratory, Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jennifer F Buckman
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Cardiac Neuroscience Laboratory, Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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11
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Abstract
RATIONALE Alcohol priming can modulate the value of rewards, as observed through the effects of acute alcohol administration on cue reactivity. However, little is known about the psychophysiological mechanisms driving these effects. Here, we examine how alcohol-induced changes in bodily states shape the development of implicit attentional biases and explicit cue reactivity. OBJECTIVES To characterize the interoceptive correlates of alcohol priming effects on alcohol attentional biases and cue reactivity. METHODS In a two-session double-blind alcohol administration procedure, participants (n=31) were given a 0.4-g/kg dose of alcohol or a placebo drink. Cardiovascular responses were measured before and after alcohol administration to observe the effects of alcohol on viscero-afferent reactivity, as indexed through changes in heart rate variability (HRV) at or near 0.1 Hz (0.1-Hz HRV). Next, participants completed a modified flanker task to examine implicit alcohol attentional biases and provided subjective valence and arousal ratings of alcohol cues to examine explicit cue reactivity. RESULTS We found that changes in 0.1-Hz HRV after alcohol administration positively correlated with attentional biases, and negatively correlated with alcohol valence ratings; blood alcohol content was a null predictor. CONCLUSIONS This is novel evidence that suggests alcohol-induced changes in bodily states may mediate the occurrence of alcohol priming effects and highlights the potentially generative role of interoceptive mechanisms in alcohol-related behaviors. The differential patterns revealed by implicit biases and explicit response tendencies are considered within the context of the dissociation between wanting and liking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateo Leganes-Fonteneau
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA. .,Cardiac Neuroscience Laboratory, Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
| | - Marsha E. Bates
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ USA ,grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Cardiac Neuroscience Laboratory, Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ USA
| | - Evgeny G. Vaschillo
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ USA ,grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Cardiac Neuroscience Laboratory, Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ USA
| | - Jennifer F. Buckman
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ USA ,grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Cardiac Neuroscience Laboratory, Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ USA
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12
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Leganes-Fonteneau M, Buckman JF, Suzuki K, Pawlak A, Bates ME. More than meets the heart: systolic amplification of different emotional faces is task dependent. Cogn Emot 2020; 35:400-408. [PMID: 33073669 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2020.1832050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Interoceptive processes emanating from baroreceptor signals support emotional functioning. Previous research suggests a unique link to fear: fearful faces, presented in synchrony with systolic baroreceptor firing draw more attention and are rated as more intense than those presented at diastole. This study examines whether this effect is unique to fearful faces or can be observed in other emotional faces. Participants (n = 71) completed an emotional visual search task (VST) in which fearful, happy, disgust and sad faces were presented during systolic and diastolic phases of the cardiac cycle. Visual search accuracy and emotion detection accuracy and latency were recorded, followed by a subjective intensity task. A series of interactions between emotion and cardiac phase were observed. Visual search accuracy for happy and disgust faces was greater at systole than diastole; the opposite was found for fearful faces. Fearful and happy faces were perceived as more intense at systole. Previous research proposed that cardiac signalling has specific effects on the attention and intensity ratings for fearful faces. Results from the present tasks suggest these effects are more generalised and raise the possibility that interoceptive signals amplify emotional superiority effects dependent on the task employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateo Leganes-Fonteneau
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Cardiac Neuroscience Laboratory, Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jennifer F Buckman
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Cardiac Neuroscience Laboratory, Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Keisuke Suzuki
- Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, Brighton and Hove, UK
| | - Anthony Pawlak
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Cardiac Neuroscience Laboratory, Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Marsha E Bates
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Cardiac Neuroscience Laboratory, Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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13
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Bates ME, Mun EY, Buckman JF, Vaschillo E, Vaschillo B, Lehrer P, Udo T, Lesnewich LM. Getting to the Heart of Low Sensitivity to Alcohol: Context Moderates Low Cardiovascular Response to Alcohol in Persons With a Family History of Alcohol Use Disorder. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:589-599. [PMID: 31984514 PMCID: PMC7079052 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Background Low sensitivity to alcohol in persons with a family history of alcoholism (FH+), compared to those without (FH−), contributes to risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, sensitivity of FH+ cardiovascular response to alcohol is not well understood. This gap is significant because cardiovascular processes contribute to emotional regulation and stress response problems theorized to be central to the development and persistence of AUD. This study compared changes in heart rate (HR) and HR variability (HRV) between FH groups after consuming alcohol and control beverages and examined how these changes were moderated by emotional and alcohol‐related contexts. Methods Young adults (N = 165) with FH+ (n = 110) or FH− (n = 55) each completed 2 sessions, separated by 1 week. They received one of 3 different beverages (alcohol, placebo, and told‐no‐alcohol) in each session. Electrocardiogram data were recorded during pre–beverage consumption and post–beverage consumption baselines, and then during 4 picture cue tasks (neutral, positive, negative, and alcohol‐related). Generalized estimating equations were used to examine differences in cardiovascular reactivity (changes in HR and HRV power at ~ 0.1 Hz) across FH groups, beverage conditions, and picture cue tasks. Results A significant beverage condition × cue task × FH interaction effect on HRV was observed. The FH+ group, compared to the FH− group, showed (a) significantly less HRV suppression in specific cue contexts following alcohol, (b) a mixed pattern of more and less HRV suppression across cue contexts following placebo, and (c) a similar HRV reactivity pattern in the told‐no‐alcohol condition across cue tasks. For HR, there were no significant effects involving FH. Conclusions Diminished cardiovascular sensitivity to oral alcohol in FH+ persons varied within a given drinking episode depending on emotional and alcohol‐related features of the context, suggesting that environmental characteristics play a role in the expression of low sensitivity to alcohol among FH+ individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marsha E Bates
- From the, Division of Life Sciences, (MEB, JFB, EV, BV), Department of Kinesiology and Health, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University - New Brunswick, New Brunswick, New Jersey.,Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, (MEB, JFB, EV, BV, LML), Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers University - New Brunswick, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Eun-Young Mun
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Systems, (E-YM), School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Jennifer F Buckman
- From the, Division of Life Sciences, (MEB, JFB, EV, BV), Department of Kinesiology and Health, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University - New Brunswick, New Brunswick, New Jersey.,Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, (MEB, JFB, EV, BV, LML), Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers University - New Brunswick, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Evgeny Vaschillo
- From the, Division of Life Sciences, (MEB, JFB, EV, BV), Department of Kinesiology and Health, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University - New Brunswick, New Brunswick, New Jersey.,Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, (MEB, JFB, EV, BV, LML), Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers University - New Brunswick, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Bronya Vaschillo
- From the, Division of Life Sciences, (MEB, JFB, EV, BV), Department of Kinesiology and Health, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University - New Brunswick, New Brunswick, New Jersey.,Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, (MEB, JFB, EV, BV, LML), Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers University - New Brunswick, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Paul Lehrer
- Department of Psychiatry, (PL), Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University - New Brunswick, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Tomoko Udo
- Department of Health Policy, Management, and Behavior, (TU), School of Public Health, University at Albany- SUNY, Rensselaer, New York
| | - Laura M Lesnewich
- Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, (MEB, JFB, EV, BV, LML), Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers University - New Brunswick, Piscataway, New Jersey.,Department of Psychology, (LML), School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University - New Brunswick, Piscataway, New Jersey
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14
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Buckman JF, Vaschillo B, Vaschillo EG, Epstein EE, Nguyen-Louie TT, Lesnewich LM, Eddie D, Bates ME. Improvement in women's cardiovascular functioning during cognitive-behavioral therapy for alcohol use disorder. Psychol Addict Behav 2019; 33:659-668. [PMID: 31738072 PMCID: PMC6989088 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The cardiovascular system is disrupted by chronic excessive alcohol use and often impaired in individuals with an alcohol use disorder (AUD). Less is known about cardiovascular recovery when an individual receives treatment for AUD. This observational study aimed to extend the growing body of evidence for cardiovascular biomarkers and intervention targets in the treatment of AUD. We examined cardiovascular function in 92 women before and after 12 weeks of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for AUD. Participants were recruited exclusively from a randomized clinical trial comparing group versus individual CBT treatment strategies (parent study); no control group of untreated, but treatment-seeking women was available. Demographic and drinking data were obtained from the parent study. Cardiovascular data were collected as part of this separate study, prior to and following the clinical trial. Mixed-model analyses revealed multiple within-person cardiovascular changes indicative of improving health from pre- to posttreatment, including reduced heart rate and vessel stiffness as well as increased heart rate variability and baroreflex sensitivity. These significant improvements remained when extent of drinking during treatment was included in the models, suggesting that active ingredients of AUD treatment may serve to benefit physical health over and above drinking reductions. Future studies should assess the time course of cardiovascular recovery during addiction treatment and the mechanisms by which evidence-based AUD treatments may benefit physical as well as mental health. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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15
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Lesnewich LM, Conway FN, Buckman JF, Brush CJ, Ehmann PJ, Eddie D, Olson RL, Alderman BL, Bates ME. Associations of depression severity with heart rate and heart rate variability in young adults across normative and clinical populations. Int J Psychophysiol 2019; 142:57-65. [PMID: 31195066 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Limitations of current depression treatments may arise from a lack of knowledge about unique psychophysiological processes that contribute to depression across the full range of presentations. This study examined how individual variations in heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) are related to depressive symptoms across normative and clinical populations in 152 young adults (aged 18-35 years). Moderating effects of sex and antidepressant medication status were considered. Electrocardiogram data were collected during "vanilla" baseline and in response to positive and negative emotional cues. Linear regressions and repeated-measures mixed models were used to assess the relationships between Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) scores, sex, antidepressant use, and cardiovascular outcomes. Baseline models yielded significant main effects of BDI-II and sex on HR and significant interactions between antidepressant medication status and BDI-II on HRV outcomes. The main effects of BDI-II and sex on HR were no longer significant after controlling for cardiorespiratory fitness. Participants who denied current antidepressant use (n = 137) exhibited a negative association and participants who endorsed current antidepressant (n = 15) use exhibited a positive association between BDI-II scores and HRV. Emotional reactivity models were largely non-significant with the exception of a significant main effect of antidepressant medication status on high-frequency HRV reactivity. Results indicated antidepressant medication use may moderate the relationship between depression severity and cardiovascular functioning, but this requires replication given the modest proportion of medicated individuals in this study. Overall, findings suggest cardiovascular processes and cardiorespiratory fitness are linked to depression symptomatology and may be important to consider in depression treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Lesnewich
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 607 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Fiona N Conway
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, 1925 San Jacinto Boulevard, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Jennifer F Buckman
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 607 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 70 Lipman Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| | - Christopher J Brush
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 70 Lipman Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| | - Peter J Ehmann
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 70 Lipman Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| | - David Eddie
- Recovery Research Institute, Center for Addiction Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 151 Merrimac Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Ryan L Olson
- Department of Kinesiology, Health Promotion, and Recreation, University of North Texas, 1921 Chestnut Street, Denton, TX 76203, USA.
| | - Brandon L Alderman
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 70 Lipman Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| | - Marsha E Bates
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 607 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 70 Lipman Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
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16
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Brush CJ, Olson RL, Ehmann PJ, Bocchine AJ, Bates ME, Buckman JF, Leyro TM, Alderman BL. Lower resting cardiac autonomic balance in young adults with current major depression. Psychophysiology 2019; 56:e13385. [PMID: 31020679 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Research on cardiac autonomic function in major depressive disorder (MDD) has predominantly examined cardiac vagal control and adopted a model of reciprocal autonomic balance. A proposed bivariate autonomic continuum uses cardiac autonomic balance (CAB) and cardiac autonomic regulation (CAR) models, derived from normalized values of respiratory sinus arrhythmia and pre-ejection period, to more adequately index patterns of autonomic control. The purpose of this study was to assess resting levels of CAB and CAR among young adults with and without a current diagnosis of major depression. One hundred forty-two young adults (n = 65 MDD, n = 77 healthy controls; 20.8 ± 2.6 years) completed a structured diagnostic interview, cardiovascular assessment, and a maximal aerobic fitness test. The findings revealed that CAB, but not CAR, significantly predicted current MDD status (OR = 0.70, 95% CI [0.53, 0.93]), an effect that remained after controlling for aerobic fitness and body mass index. Although CAB was found to be a significant predictor of current MDD status among a sample of young adults, there remained substantial variation in autonomic control that was not captured by the traditional model of reciprocal autonomic balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Brush
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Ryan L Olson
- Department of Kinesiology, Health Promotion, and Recreation, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas
| | - Peter J Ehmann
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Anthony J Bocchine
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Marsha E Bates
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey.,Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Jennifer F Buckman
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey.,Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Teresa M Leyro
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Brandon L Alderman
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey.,Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
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17
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Leyro TM, Buckman JF, Bates ME. Theoretical implications and clinical support for heart rate variability biofeedback for substance use disorders. Curr Opin Psychol 2019; 30:92-97. [PMID: 31055246 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback is an accessible, cost-effective intervention that has demonstrated clinical value for numerous physical and mental health conditions; however, research on HRV biofeedback in substance use disorders (SUD) is in its nascence. We argue that HRV biofeedback may be particularly beneficial as an adjunct treatment for SUD by targeting bodily systems that are known to be disrupted by chronic substance use and are not historically the focus of psychosocial or pharmacological SUD treatment approaches. In addition to advocating for HRV biofeedback applications in SUD, we identify several gaps within the existing experimental literature, and propose new studies that could accelerate understanding of how and for whom HRV biofeedback is most likely to promote positive behavior change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa M Leyro
- Rutgers University - New Brunswick, Department of Psychology, Tillett Hall, 53 Avenue E, Piscataway Township, NJ, 08854, USA.
| | - Jennifer F Buckman
- Rutgers University - New Brunswick, Department of Kinesiology and Health, 70 Lipman Drive, New Brunswick, NJ, 08854, USA; Rutgers University - New Brunswick, Center of Alcohol Studies, 607 Allison Road, Piscataway Township, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Marsha E Bates
- Rutgers University - New Brunswick, Department of Kinesiology and Health, 70 Lipman Drive, New Brunswick, NJ, 08854, USA; Rutgers University - New Brunswick, Center of Alcohol Studies, 607 Allison Road, Piscataway Township, NJ, 08854, USA
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18
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Verdejo-Garcia A, Lorenzetti V, Manning V, Piercy H, Bruno R, Hester R, Pennington D, Tolomeo S, Arunogiri S, Bates ME, Bowden-Jones H, Campanella S, Daughters SB, Kouimtsidis C, Lubman DI, Meyerhoff DJ, Ralph A, Rezapour T, Tavakoli H, Zare-Bidoky M, Zilverstand A, Steele D, Moeller SJ, Paulus M, Baldacchino A, Ekhtiari H. A Roadmap for Integrating Neuroscience Into Addiction Treatment: A Consensus of the Neuroscience Interest Group of the International Society of Addiction Medicine. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:877. [PMID: 31920740 PMCID: PMC6935942 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although there is general consensus that altered brain structure and function underpins addictive disorders, clinicians working in addiction treatment rarely incorporate neuroscience-informed approaches into their practice. We recently launched the Neuroscience Interest Group within the International Society of Addiction Medicine (ISAM-NIG) to promote initiatives to bridge this gap. This article summarizes the ISAM-NIG key priorities and strategies to achieve implementation of addiction neuroscience knowledge and tools for the assessment and treatment of substance use disorders. We cover two assessment areas: cognitive assessment and neuroimaging, and two interventional areas: cognitive training/remediation and neuromodulation, where we identify key challenges and proposed solutions. We reason that incorporating cognitive assessment into clinical settings requires the identification of constructs that predict meaningful clinical outcomes. Other requirements are the development of measures that are easily-administered, reliable, and ecologically-valid. Translation of neuroimaging techniques requires the development of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and testing the cost-effectiveness of these biomarkers in individualized prediction algorithms for relapse prevention and treatment selection. Integration of cognitive assessments with neuroimaging can provide multilevel targets including neural, cognitive, and behavioral outcomes for neuroscience-informed interventions. Application of neuroscience-informed interventions including cognitive training/remediation and neuromodulation requires clear pathways to design treatments based on multilevel targets, additional evidence from randomized trials and subsequent clinical implementation, including evaluation of cost-effectiveness. We propose to address these challenges by promoting international collaboration between researchers and clinicians, developing harmonized protocols and data management systems, and prioritizing multi-site research that focuses on improving clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Verdejo-Garcia
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Valentina Lorenzetti
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Victoria Manning
- Eastern Health Clinical School Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, VIC, Australia.,Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hugh Piercy
- Eastern Health Clinical School Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, VIC, Australia.,Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Raimondo Bruno
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Rob Hester
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Pennington
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System (SFVAHCS), San Francisco, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Serenella Tolomeo
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, Medical and Biological Science Building, North Haugh, St Andrews, United Kingdom.,Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shalini Arunogiri
- Eastern Health Clinical School Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, VIC, Australia.,Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Marsha E Bates
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | | | - Salvatore Campanella
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Médicale et d'Addictologie, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), CHU Brugmann-Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stacey B Daughters
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Christos Kouimtsidis
- Department of Psychiatry, Surrey and Borders Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Leatherhead, United Kingdom
| | - Dan I Lubman
- Eastern Health Clinical School Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, VIC, Australia
| | - Dieter J Meyerhoff
- DVA Medical Center and Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Annaketurah Ralph
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Tara Rezapour
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute for Cognitive Sciences Studies, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hosna Tavakoli
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute for Cognitive Sciences Studies, Tehran, Iran.,Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Zare-Bidoky
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,School of Medicine, Shahid-Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Anna Zilverstand
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Douglas Steele
- Medical School, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Scott J Moeller
- Department of Psychiatry, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Martin Paulus
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Alex Baldacchino
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Hamed Ekhtiari
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
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19
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Bates ME, Lesnewich LM, Uhouse SG, Gohel S, Buckman JF. Resonance-Paced Breathing Alters Neural Response to Visual Cues: Proof-of-Concept for a Neuroscience-Informed Adjunct to Addiction Treatments. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:624. [PMID: 31543840 PMCID: PMC6739688 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Conscious attempts to regulate alcohol and drug use are often undermined by automatic attention and arousal processes that are activated in the context of salient cues. Response to these cues involves body and brain signals that are linked via dynamic feedback loops, yet no studies have targeted the cardiovascular system as a potential conduit to alter automatic neural processes that maintain cue salience. This proof-of-concept study examined within-person changes in neural response to parallel but unique sets of visual alcohol-related cues at two points in time: prior to versus following a brief behavioral intervention. The active intervention was resonance breathing, a rhythmical breathing task paced at 0.1 Hz (6 breaths per minute) that helps normalize neurocardiac feedback. The control intervention was a low-demand cognitive task. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to assess changes in brain response to the cues presented before (A1) and after (A2) the intervention in 41 emerging adult men and women with varying drinking behaviors. The resonance breathing group exhibited significantly less activation to A2 cues compared with A1 cues in left inferior and superior lateral occipital cortices, right inferior lateral occipital cortex, bilateral occipital pole, and temporal occipital fusiform cortices. This group also showed significantly greater activation to A2 cues compared with A1 cues in medial prefrontal, anterior and posterior cingulate, and precuneus cortices, paracingulate, and lingual gyri. The control group showed no significant changes. Thus, following resonance breathing, activation in brain regions involved in visual processing of cues was reduced, while activation in brain areas implicated in behavioral control, internally directed cognition, and brain-body integration was increased. These findings provide preliminary evidence that manipulation of the cardiovascular system with resonance breathing alters neural activation in a manner theoretically consistent with a dampening of automatic sensory input and strengthening of higher-level cognitive processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marsha E Bates
- Cardiac Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ, United States.,Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Laura M Lesnewich
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ, United States.,Cardiac Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Sarah Grace Uhouse
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ, United States.,Cardiac Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Suril Gohel
- Department of Health Informatics, School of Health Professions, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Jennifer F Buckman
- Cardiac Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ, United States.,Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ, United States
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20
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Eddie D, Conway FN, Alayan N, Buckman J, Bates ME. Assessing heart rate variability biofeedback as an adjunct to college recovery housing programs. J Subst Abuse Treat 2018; 92:70-76. [PMID: 30032947 PMCID: PMC6123018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Heart rate variability biofeedback (HRV BFB) shows promise as an adjunct intervention for individuals receiving treatment for substance use disorder (SUD), potentially due to its capacity to reduce craving and negative affect. The present study sought to examine the utility of integrating HRV biofeedback into a college recovery housing program and gauging its ability to reduce craving and negative affect in young adults in remission from SUD. Forty-six residents of an SUD recovery house at a public university in the northeastern United States took part in a non-randomized controlled trial. The active intervention was 12 weeks of HRV BFB performed over a college semester. The control intervention was a semester-long, waitlist condition. Changes in craving, perceived stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms were measured across time during the active HRV BFB intervention and compared to changes that occurred during the waitlist period using piecewise regression analyses. Significant reductions in craving were noted during HRV BFB, but not during the waitlist control condition; however, the difference in slopes between conditions was not statistically significant. Levels of self-reported craving, stress, anxiety, and depression varied substantially between participants and across time. The results suggest that use of HRV BFB in the college recovery setting as a tool to help reduce craving warrants further examination, particularly among individuals with elevated craving. Added value of HRV BFB comes from the fact that it can be easily and affordably implemented in everyday life.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Eddie
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 151 Merrimac St. 6th Floor, Boston, MA 02114, United States of America.
| | - Fiona N Conway
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Austin, 1925 San Jacinto Boulevard, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America
| | - Nour Alayan
- American University of Beirut, PO Box 11-0236, Riad El Solh 1107, 2020, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jennifer Buckman
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 607 Allison Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America
| | - Marsha E Bates
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 607 Allison Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America
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21
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Alayan N, Eller L, Bates ME, Carmody DP. Current Evidence on Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback as a Complementary Anticraving Intervention. J Altern Complement Med 2018; 24:1039-1050. [PMID: 29782180 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2018.0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The limited success of conventional anticraving interventions encourages research into new treatment strategies. Heart rate variability biofeedback (HRVB), which is based on slowed breathing, was shown to improve symptom severity in various disorders. HRVB, and certain rates of controlled breathing (CB), may offer therapeutic potential as a complementary drug-free treatment option to help control substance craving. METHODS This review evaluated current evidence on the effectiveness of HRVB and CB training as a complementary anticraving intervention, based on guidelines from the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols. Studies that assessed a cardiorespiratory feedback or CB intervention with substance craving as an outcome were selected. Effect sizes were calculated for each study. The Scale for Assessing Scientific Quality of Investigations in Complementary and Alternative Medicine was used to evaluate the quality of each study reviewed. RESULTS A total of eight articles remained for final review, including controlled studies with or without randomization, as well as noncontrolled trials. Most studies showed positive results with a variety of methodological quality levels and effect size. Current HRVB studies rated moderately on methodological rigor and showed inconsistent magnitudes of calculated effect size (0.074-0.727) across populations. The largest effect size was found in a nonclinical college population of high food cravers utilizing the most intensive HRVB training time of 240 min. CONCLUSIONS Despite the limitations of this review, there is beginning evidence that HRVB and CB training can be of significant therapeutic potential. Larger clinical trials are needed with methodological improvements such as longer treatment duration, adequate control conditions, measures of adherence and compliance, longitudinal examination of craving changes, and more comprehensive methods of craving measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Alayan
- 1 Hariri School of Nursing, American University of Beirut , Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lucille Eller
- 2 School of Nursing, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , Newark, New Jersey
| | - Marsha E Bates
- 3 Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Dennis P Carmody
- 2 School of Nursing, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , Newark, New Jersey
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22
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Buckman JF, Vaschillo EG, Fonoberova M, Mezić I, Bates ME. The Translational Value of Psychophysiology Methods and Mechanisms: Multilevel, Dynamic, Personalized. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2018; 79:229-238. [PMID: 29553350 PMCID: PMC6019769 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2018.79.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It has been nearly 15 years since Kazdin and Nock published methodological and research recommendations for understanding mechanisms of change in child and adolescent therapy. Their arguments and enthusiasm for research on mechanisms of behavior change (MOBCs) resonated across disciplines and disorders, as it shined a light on the crucial importance of understanding how and for whom treatments instigate behavior change and how therapeutic mechanisms might be extended to "situations and settings of everyday life." Initial efforts focused on how psychotherapy works and linear models, yet the use of theory to guide the study of mechanisms, and laboratory experiments to manipulate them, is broadly applicable. METHOD This article considers dynamic physiological processes that support behavior change. Specifically, it examines the utility of psychophysiological methods to measure and promote behavior change. Moreover, it embeds the baroreflex mechanism, a well-defined heart-brain feedback loop, within the theories and strategies of MOBC research. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Individuals' subjective and expressive experience of change does not always align with their physiological reactivity. Thus, behavior change may be best understood when concurrently assessed across multiple biobehavioral levels. Further, behavior is initiated in the moment, often before conscious deliberation, suggesting that multilevel behavior change research may benefit from real-time methodological designs. Last, substance use trajectories vary widely, suggesting that different MOBCs are more or less active in individuals depending on their personal constituency and the functional need that their substance use serves; thus, methods that are amenable to personalized modeling approaches are important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer F. Buckman
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Evgeny G. Vaschillo
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | | | - Igor Mezić
- AIMdyn, Inc., Santa Barbara, California
- Center for Control, Dynamical Systems, and Computation, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Marsha E. Bates
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
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23
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Eddie D, Bates ME, Vaschillo EG, Lehrer PM, Retkwa M, Miuccio M. Rest, Reactivity, and Recovery: A Psychophysiological Assessment of Borderline Personality Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:505. [PMID: 30386267 PMCID: PMC6199964 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Difficulty regulating emotion is a cardinal feature of borderline personality disorder (BPD), yet little is known about the automatic psychophysiological processes involved in this phenotype. Inconsistent findings have emerged from studies that employed limited assessments (e.g., heart rate variability, skin conductance) of autonomic nervous system response to emotional contexts, and compared groups based on the presence or absence of BPD as a categorical diagnosis. This exploratory study assessed a comprehensive set of autonomic nervous system processes in 44 individuals (22 with BPD) at rest, in response to emotionally evocative stimuli, and during a subsequent recovery period. BPD was characterized with a dimensional measure of BPD symptom severity, as a well by categorical diagnosis. At baseline and across experimental tasks, higher heart rate was observed in those diagnosed with BPD compared to controls, and in those expressing greater BPD symptom severity. These effects, however, were fully mediated by differences in physical exercise. In contrast, during recovery from emotional activation, greater symptom severity predicted consistently higher levels of multiple sympathetic and parasympathetic processes compared to lower symptom severity. Overall, these findings suggest that the heart rate elevations sometimes observed in those diagnosed with BPD may be associated with individual and group differences in levels of physical exercise. Results further indicate that adaptive psychophysiological recovery responses following emotional challenge may be disrupted in proportion to BPD symptom severity, independently of exercise. Results highlight the utility of considering lifestyle factors and symptom severity in studies of emotional activation and regulation processes in BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Eddie
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Marsha E Bates
- Rutgers University - New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | | | - Paul M Lehrer
- Rutgers University - New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ, United States.,Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Michelle Retkwa
- Rutgers University - New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Michael Miuccio
- Rutgers University - New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ, United States
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24
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Vaschillo EG, Vaschillo B, Buckman JF, Heiss S, Singh G, Bates ME. Early signs of cardiovascular dysregulation in young adult binge drinkers. Psychophysiology 2017; 55:e13036. [PMID: 29193139 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Binge drinking is widespread on American college campuses, but its effects on the cardiovascular system are poorly understood. This study sought evidence of preclinical cardiovascular changes in binge drinking young adults (n = 24) compared to nondrinking (n = 24) and social drinking (n = 23) peers during baseline, paced sighing (0.033 Hz), and paced breathing (0.1 Hz) tasks. Binge drinkers showed consistent but often statistically nonsignificant evidence of greater sympathetic activation and reduced baroreflex sensitivity. Interestingly, the structure of group-averaged baseline heart rate spectra was considerably different between groups in the low frequency range (0.05-0.15 Hz). In particular, the binge drinking group-averaged spectra showed several spectral peaks not evident in the other groups, possibly indicating two functionally distinct subranges (0.05-0.08 and 0.08-0.15 Hz) that reflect vascular tone baroreflex activity and heart rate baroreflex activity, respectively. Vascular tone baroreflex gain and power in two peaks in the 0.05-0.08 Hz range were associated with years of drinking in the binge drinking group. Vascular dysfunction may be an early indicator of drinking-related change in the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny G Vaschillo
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Bronya Vaschillo
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jennifer F Buckman
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.,Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sydney Heiss
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Gurpreet Singh
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Marsha E Bates
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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25
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Nguyen-Louie TT, Buckman JF, Ray S, Bates ME. Drinkers' memory bias for alcohol picture cues in explicit and implicit memory tasks. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 160:90-6. [PMID: 26811126 PMCID: PMC4855832 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol cues can bias attention and elicit emotional reactions, especially in drinkers. Yet, little is known about how alcohol cues affect explicit and implicit memory processes, and how memory for alcohol cues is affected by acute alcohol intoxication. METHODS Young adult participants (N=161) were randomly assigned to alcohol, placebo, or control beverage conditions. Following beverage consumption, they were shown neutral, emotional and alcohol-related pictures cues. Participants then completed free recall and repetition priming tasks to test explicit and implicit memory, respectively, for picture cues. Average blood alcohol concentration for the alcohol group was 74±13mg/dl when memory testing began. Two mixed linear model analyses were conducted to examine the effects of beverage condition, picture cue type, and their interaction on explicit and implicit memory. RESULTS Picture cue type and beverage condition each significantly affected explicit recall of picture cues, whereas only picture cue type significantly influenced repetition priming. Individuals in the alcohol condition recalled significantly fewer pictures than those in other conditions, regardless of cue type. Both free recall and repetition priming were greater for emotional and alcohol-related cues compared to neutral picture cues. No interaction effects were detected. CONCLUSIONS Young adult drinkers showed enhanced explicit and implicit memory processing of alcohol cues compared to emotionally neutral cues. This enhanced processing for alcohol cues was on par with that seen for positive emotional cues. Acute alcohol intoxication did not alter this preferential memory processing for alcohol cues over neutral cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tam T Nguyen-Louie
- Center of Alcohol Studies, 607 Allison Road, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States.
| | - Jennifer F Buckman
- Center of Alcohol Studies, 607 Allison Road, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States.
| | - Suchismita Ray
- Center of Alcohol Studies, 607 Allison Road, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States.
| | - Marsha E Bates
- Center of Alcohol Studies, 607 Allison Road, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States.
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26
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Abstract
This investigation sought to validate a stimulus set previously adapted by expert consensus from the International Affective Picture System to be unpleasant and evocative to individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD). This set was rated as significantly more arousing by 22 individuals diagnosed with BPD compared to 22 healthy controls, though this mean difference appeared to be driven by differences in ratings for a small subset of pictures. The present BPD sample did not rate the BPD-specific picture set as more arousing than a previous BPD sample (Herpertz, Kunert, Schwenger, & Sass, 1999) had rated a different set of unpleasant, but non-BPD-specific International Affective Picture System images. Future BPD-specific image sets may benefit from including images that more closely target BPD sensitivities and features. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- David Eddie
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
| | - Marsha E Bates
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
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27
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Buckman JF, Eddie D, Vaschillo EG, Vaschillo B, Garcia A, Bates ME. Immediate and Complex Cardiovascular Adaptation to an Acute Alcohol Dose. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2015; 39:2334-44. [PMID: 26614647 PMCID: PMC4971776 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The detrimental effects of chronic heavy alcohol use on the cardiovascular system are well established and broadly appreciated. Integrated cardiovascular response to an acute dose of alcohol has been less studied. This study examined the early effects of an acute dose of alcohol on the cardiovascular system, with particular emphasis on system variability and sensitivity. The goal was to begin to understand how acute alcohol disrupts dynamic cardiovascular regulatory processes prior to the development of cardiovascular disease. METHODS Healthy participants (N = 72, age 21 to 29) were randomly assigned to an alcohol, placebo, or no-alcohol control beverage condition. Beat-to-beat heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were assessed during a low-demand cognitive task prior to and following beverage consumption. Between-group differences in neurocardiac response to an alcohol challenge (blood alcohol concentration ~ 0.06 mg/dl) were tested. RESULTS The alcohol beverage group showed higher average HR, lower average stroke volume, lower HR variability and BP variability, and increased vascular tone baroreflex sensitivity after alcohol consumption. No changes were observed in the placebo group, but the control group showed slightly elevated average HR and BP after beverage consumption, possibly due to juice content. At the level of the individual, an active alcohol dose appeared to disrupt the typically tight coupling between cardiovascular processes. CONCLUSIONS A dose of alcohol quickly invoked multiple cardiovascular responses, possibly as an adaptive reaction to the acute pharmacological challenge. Future studies should assess how exposure to alcohol acutely disrupts or dissociates typically integrated neurocardiac functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer F Buckman
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - David Eddie
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Evgeny G Vaschillo
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Bronya Vaschillo
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Aaron Garcia
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Marsha E Bates
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
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28
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Mann SL, Selby EA, Bates ME, Contrada RJ. Integrating affective and cognitive correlates of heart rate variability: A structural equation modeling approach. Int J Psychophysiol 2015; 98:76-86. [PMID: 26168884 PMCID: PMC4980075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
High frequency heart rate variability (HRV) is a measure of neurocardiac communication thought to reflect predominantly parasympathetic cardiac regulation. Low HRV has been associated empirically with clinical and subclinical levels of anxiety and depression and, more recently, high levels of HRV have been associated with better performance on some measures of executive functioning (EF). These findings have offered support for theories proposing HRV as an index measure of a broad, self-regulatory capacity underlying aspects of emotion regulation and executive control. This study sought to test that proposition by using a structural equation modeling approach to examine the relationships of HRV to negative affect (NA) and EF in a large sample of U.S. adults ages 30s-80s. HRV was modeled as a predictor of an NA factor (self-reported trait anxiety and depression symptoms) and an EF factor (performance on three neuropsychological tests tapping facets of executive abilities). Alternative models also were tested to determine the utility of HRV for predicting NA and EF, with and without statistical control of demographic and health-related covariates. In the initial structural model, HRV showed a significant positive relationship to EF and a nonsignificant relationship to NA. In a covariate-adjusted model, HRV's associations with both constructs were nonsignificant. Age emerged as the only significant predictor of NA and EF in the final model, showing inverse relationships to both. Findings may reflect population and methodological differences from prior research; they also suggest refinements to the interpretations of earlier findings and theoretical claims regarding HRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Mann
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Tillett Hall, Livingston Campus, 53 Avenue E, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8040, USA.
| | - Edward A Selby
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Tillett Hall, Livingston Campus, 53 Avenue E, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8040, USA.
| | - Marsha E Bates
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Smithers Hall, Busch Campus, 607 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8001, USA; Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Tillett Hall, Livingston Campus, 53 Avenue E, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8040, USA.
| | - Richard J Contrada
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Tillett Hall, Livingston Campus, 53 Avenue E, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8040, USA.
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29
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Alderman BL, Olson RL, Bates ME, Selby EA, Buckman JF, Brush CJ, Panza EA, Kranzler A, Eddie D, Shors TJ. Rumination in major depressive disorder is associated with impaired neural activation during conflict monitoring. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:269. [PMID: 26029086 PMCID: PMC4428129 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) often ruminate about past experiences, especially those with negative content. These repetitive thoughts may interfere with cognitive processes related to attention and conflict monitoring. However, the temporal nature of these processes as reflected in event-related potentials (ERPs) has not been well-described. We examined behavioral and ERP indices of conflict monitoring during a modified flanker task and the allocation of attention during an attentional blink (AB) task in 33 individuals with MDD and 36 healthy controls, and whether their behavioral performance and ERPs varied with level of rumination. N2 amplitude elicited by the flanker task was significantly reduced in participants with MDD compared to healthy controls. Level of self-reported rumination was also correlated with N2 amplitude. In contrast, P3 amplitude during the AB task was not significantly different between groups, nor was it correlated with rumination. No significant differences were found in behavioral task performance measures between groups or by rumination levels. These findings suggest that rumination in MDD is associated with select deficits in cognitive control, particularly related to conflict monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon L. Alderman
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyNew Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Ryan L. Olson
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyNew Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyNew Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Marsha E. Bates
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyNew Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Edward A. Selby
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyNew Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jennifer F. Buckman
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyNew Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Christopher J. Brush
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyNew Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Emily A. Panza
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyNew Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Amy Kranzler
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyNew Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - David Eddie
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyNew Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Tracey J. Shors
- Department of Psychology, Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyNew Brunswick, NJ, USA
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30
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Vaschillo EG, Vaschillo B, Buckman JF, Nguyen-Louie T, Heiss S, Pandina RJ, Bates ME. The effects of sighing on the cardiovascular system. Biol Psychol 2015; 106:86-95. [PMID: 25720947 PMCID: PMC4386588 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Elicitation of high-amplitude oscillations in the cardiovascular system may serve to dampen psychophysiological reactivity to emotional and cognitive loading. Prior work has used paced breathing to impose clinically valuable high-amplitude ∼ 0.1 Hz oscillations. In this study, we investigated whether rhythmical sighing could likewise produce high-amplitude cardiovascular oscillations in the very low frequency range (0.003-0.05 Hz). ECG, respiration, skin conductance, and beat-to-beat blood pressure were collected in 24 healthy participants during baseline, 0.1 Hz paced breathing, and 0.02 Hz paced sighing (1 sigh every 50s, with normal breathing interspersed). Results showed that each sigh elicited a strong, well-defined reaction in the cardiovascular system. This reaction did not habituate when participants repeatedly sighed for 8.5 min. The result was a high-amplitude 0.02 Hz oscillation in multiple cardiovascular parameters. Thus, paced sighing is a reliable method for imposing very low frequency oscillations in the cardiovascular system, which has research and clinical implications that warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny G Vaschillo
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
| | - Bronya Vaschillo
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Jennifer F Buckman
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Tam Nguyen-Louie
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
| | - Sydney Heiss
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Robert J Pandina
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Marsha E Bates
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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31
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Ray S, Pandina R, Bates ME. Memory for drug-related visual stimuli in young adult, cocaine-dependent polydrug users. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2014; 40:170-5. [PMID: 24588421 DOI: 10.3109/00952990.2013.875552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Implicit (unconscious) and explicit (conscious) memory associations with drugs have been examined primarily using verbal cues. However, drug seeking, drug use behaviors, and relapse in chronic cocaine and other drug users are frequently triggered by viewing substance-related visual cues in the environment. We thus examined implicit and explicit memory for drug picture cues to understand the relative extent to which conscious and unconscious memory facilitation of visual drug cues occurs during cocaine dependence. METHODS Memory for drug-related and neutral picture cues was assessed in 14 inpatient cocaine-dependent polydrug users and a comparison group of 21 young adults with limited drug experience (n = 35). Participants completed picture cue exposure, free recall and recognition tasks to assess explicit memory, and a repetition priming task to assess implicit memory. RESULTS Drug cues, compared to neutral cues, were better explicitly recalled and implicitly primed, and especially so in the cocaine group. In contrast, neutral cues were better explicitly recognized, and especially in the control group. CONCLUSION Certain forms of explicit and implicit memory for drug cues were enhanced in cocaine users compared to controls when memory was tested a short time following cue exposure. Enhanced unconscious memory processing of drug cues in chronic cocaine users may be a behavioral manifestation of heightened drug cue salience that supports drug seeking and taking. There may be value in expanding intervention techniques to utilize cocaine users' implicit memory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchismita Ray
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey , USA
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32
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Shors TJ, Olson RL, Bates ME, Selby EA, Alderman BL. Mental and Physical (MAP) Training: a neurogenesis-inspired intervention that enhances health in humans. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2014; 115:3-9. [PMID: 25219804 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2014.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
New neurons are generated in the hippocampus each day and their survival is greatly enhanced through effortful learning (Shors, 2014). The numbers of cells produced can be increased by physical exercise (van Praag, Kempermann, & Gage, 1999). These findings inspired us to develop a clinical intervention for humans known as Mental and Physical Training, or MAP Training. Each session consists of 30min of mental training with focused attention meditation (20min sitting and 10min walking). Meditation is an effortful training practice that involves learning about the transient nature of thoughts and thought patterns, and acquiring skills to recognize them without necessarily attaching meaning and/or emotions to them. The mental training component is followed by physical training with 30min of aerobic exercise performed at moderate intensity. During this component, participants learn choreographed dance routines while engaging in aerobic exercise. In a pilot "proof-of-concept" study, we provided supervised MAP Training (2 sessions per week for 8weeks) to a group of young mothers in the local community who were recently homeless, most of them having previously suffered from physical and sexual abuse, addiction, and depression. Preliminary data suggest that MAP Training improves dependent measures of aerobic fitness (as assessed by maximal rate of oxygen consumed) while decreasing symptoms of depression and anxiety. Similar changes were not observed in a group of recently homeless women who did not participate in MAP Training. It is not currently possible to determine whether new neurons in the human brain increase in number as a result of MAP Training. Rather these preliminary results of MAP Training illustrate how neuroscientific research can be translated into novel clinical interventions that benefit human health and wellness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey J Shors
- Behavioral and Systems Neuroscience, Rutgers University, United States; Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, United States; Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, United States
| | - Ryan L Olson
- Department of Exercise Science, Rutgers University, United States
| | - Marsha E Bates
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers University, United States
| | - Edward A Selby
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, United States
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Fonoberova M, Mezić I, Buckman JF, Fonoberov VA, Mezić A, Vaschillo EG, Mun EY, Vaschillo B, Bates ME. A computational physiology approach to personalized treatment models: the beneficial effects of slow breathing on the human cardiovascular system. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 307:H1073-91. [PMID: 25063789 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01011.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Heart rate variability biofeedback intervention involves slow breathing at a rate of ∼6 breaths/min (resonance breathing) to maximize respiratory and baroreflex effects on heart period oscillations. This intervention has wide-ranging clinical benefits and is gaining empirical support as an adjunct therapy for biobehavioral disorders, including asthma and depression. Yet, little is known about the system-level cardiovascular changes that occur during resonance breathing or the extent to which individuals differ in cardiovascular benefit. This study used a computational physiology approach to dynamically model the human cardiovascular system at rest and during resonance breathing. Noninvasive measurements of heart period, beat-to-beat systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and respiration period were obtained from 24 healthy young men and women. A model with respiration as input was parameterized to better understand how the cardiovascular processes that control variability in heart period and blood pressure change from rest to resonance breathing. The cost function used in model calibration corresponded to the difference between the experimental data and model outputs. A good match was observed between the data and model outputs (heart period, blood pressure, and corresponding power spectral densities). Significant improvements in several modeled cardiovascular functions (e.g., blood flow to internal organs, sensitivity of the sympathetic component of the baroreflex, ventricular elastance) were observed during resonance breathing. Individual differences in the magnitude and nature of these dynamic responses suggest that computational physiology may be clinically useful for tailoring heart rate variability biofeedback interventions for the needs of individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor Mezić
- AIMdyn, Inc., Santa Barbara, California; Center for Control, Dynamical Systems and Computation, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California; and
| | - Jennifer F Buckman
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | | | | | - Evgeny G Vaschillo
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Eun-Young Mun
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Bronya Vaschillo
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Marsha E Bates
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
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Lehrer P, Buckman JF, Mun EY, Vaschillo EG, Vaschillo B, Udo T, Ray S, Nguyen T, Bates ME. Erratum to: Negative Mood and Alcohol Problems are Related to Respiratory Dynamics in Young Adults. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10484-014-9247-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bates ME, Buckman JF, Voelbel GT, Eddie D, Freeman J. The mean and the individual: integrating variable-centered and person-centered analyses of cognitive recovery in patients with substance use disorders. Front Psychiatry 2013; 4:177. [PMID: 24399976 PMCID: PMC3870950 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychological and cognitive deficits are observed in the majority of persons with alcohol and drug use disorders and may interfere with treatment processes and outcomes. Although, on average, the brain and cognition improve with abstinence or markedly reduced substance use, better understanding of the heterogeneity in the time-course and extent of cognitive recovery at the individual level is useful to promote bench-to-bedside translation and inform clinical decision making. This study integrated a variable-centered and a person-centered approach to characterize diversity in cognitive recovery in 197 patients in treatment for a substance use disorder. We assessed executive function, verbal ability, memory, and complex information processing speed at treatment entry, and then 6, 26, and 52 weeks later. Structural equation modeling was used to define underlying ability constructs and determine the mean level of cognitive changes in the sample while minimizing measurement error and practice effects on specific tests. Individual-level empirical growth plots of latent factor scores were used to explore prototypical trajectories of cognitive change. At the level of the mean, small to medium effect size gains in cognitive abilities were observed over 1 year. At the level of the individual, the mean trajectory of change was also the modal individual recovery trajectory shown by about half the sample. Other prototypical cognitive change trajectories observed in all four cognitive domains included Delayed Gain, Loss of Gain, and Continuous Gain. Together these trajectories encompassed between 86 and 94% of individual growth plots across the four latent abilities. Further research is needed to replicate and predict trajectory membership. Replication of the present findings would have useful implications for targeted treatment planning and the new cognitive interventions being developed to enhance treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marsha E. Bates
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | | | - Gerald T. Voelbel
- NYU Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Eddie
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Jason Freeman
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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Lehrer P, Buckman JF, Mun EY, Vaschillo EG, Vaschillo B, Udo T, Ray S, Nguyen T, Bates ME. Negative mood and alcohol problems are related to respiratory dynamics in young adults. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2013; 38:273-83. [PMID: 23975541 PMCID: PMC3854952 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-013-9230-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the relationship of negative affect and alcohol use behaviors to baseline respiration and respiratory response to emotional challenge in young adults (N = 138, 48 % women). Thoracic-to-abdominal ratio, respiratory frequency and variability, and minute volume ventilation were measured during a low-demand baseline task, and emotional challenge (viewing emotionally-valenced, emotionally-neutral, and alcohol-related pictures). Negative mood and alcohol problems principal components were generated from self-report measures of negative affect and mood, alcohol use, and use-related problems. The negative mood component was positively related to a thoracic bias when measured throughout the study (including baseline and picture exposure). There was generally greater respiratory activity in response to the picture cues, although not specifically in response to the content (emotional or alcohol-related) of the picture cues. The alcohol problems component was positively associated with respiratory reactivity to picture cues, when baseline breathing patterns were controlled. Self-report arousal data indicated that higher levels of negative mood, but not alcohol problems, were associated with greater arousal ratings overall. However, those with alcohol problems reported greater arousal to alcohol cues, compared to emotionally neutral cues. These results are consistent with theories relating negative affect and mood to breathing patterns as well as the relationship between alcohol problems and negative emotions, suggesting that the use of respiratory interventions may hold promise for treating problems involving negative affect and mood, as well as drinking problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Lehrer
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 671 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA,
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Udo T, Mun EY, Buckman JF, Vaschillo EG, Vaschillo B, Bates ME. Potential side effects of unhealthy lifestyle choices and health risks on basal and reactive heart rate variability in college drinkers. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2013; 74:787-96. [PMID: 23948539 PMCID: PMC3749321 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2013.74.787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Emerging adults often begin making independent lifestyle choices during college, yet the association of these choices with fundamental indicators of health and adaptability is unclear. The present study examined the relationship between health risks and neurocardiac function in college drinkers. METHOD Heart rate variability (HRV) was assessed at baseline and in reaction to a paced breathing challenge in 212 college drinkers (53.8% women). Basal HRV served as a general indicator of health. Reactive HRV (during paced breathing) was used as a marker of an individual's adaptability to challenge. The relationship of HRV to alcohol use, cigarette use, exercise, sleep, and body mass index (BMI) was assessed. RESULTS Greater alcohol use and less exercise were associated with lower basal HRV. BMI was unrelated to basal HRV but was negatively associated with reactive HRV during the breathing challenge. CONCLUSIONS High levels of alcohol use and lack of exercise are negative correlates of cardiovascular and general health, even in apparently healthy college drinkers. The negative relationship between BMI and reactive HRV suggests that overweight individuals have reduced ability to psychophysiologically adapt to challenges; understanding the temporal course of this relationship is needed. This study highlights the importance of examining HRV at baseline and in response to a challenge to capture the active neurocardiac processes that contribute to health and adaptive responding. The suppressive effects of health risks on HRV are modifiable; thus, HRV may be useful in evaluating the health benefits of lifestyle change and in promoting change behaviors in college drinkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Udo
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Eun-Young Mun
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Jennifer F. Buckman
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Evgeny G. Vaschillo
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Bronya Vaschillo
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Marsha E. Bates
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Memory affects behavior by allowing events to be anticipated and goals to be planned based on previous experiences. Emotional memory, in particular, is thought to play a central role in behavior in general and in drinking behavior in particular. Alcohol intoxication has been shown to disrupt intentional, conscious memory, but not unintentional, implicit memory for neutral stimuli; however, its effects on emotional memory are not well understood. This study examined whether alcohol intoxication affected memory for emotionally valenced stimuli by testing explicit recall and implicit repetition priming of emotional picture cues. METHOD Participants were 36 young adults (21-24 years old, 16 women) who received an alcohol, placebo, or no-alcohol beverage. Both cue exposure and memory testing occurred after beverage consumption (i.e., during intoxication for the alcohol group). RESULTS Alcohol intoxication impaired explicit recall of all cue types but did not impair implicit repetition priming. Emotionally negative and positive cues were more often recalled compared with neutral cues across all beverage groups, and emotionally negative cues demonstrated more priming than emotionally positive or neutral cues in all beverage groups. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol intoxication disrupted effortful recall of all cues, although the relative memory advantage of emotionally valenced over-neutral stimuli remained even after drinking. The effects of alcohol on unintentional memory priming were not statistically significant, but the effects of emotionally negative cues were. Further research is needed to better understand alcohol intoxication and emotional valence effects on memory processes during implicit memory tasks and the possibility that negative mood facilitates memory priming of negative emotional stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchismita Ray
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8001, USA.
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Bates ME, Buckman JF, Nguyen TT. A role for cognitive rehabilitation in increasing the effectiveness of treatment for alcohol use disorders. Neuropsychol Rev 2013; 23:27-47. [PMID: 23412885 PMCID: PMC3610413 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-013-9228-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neurocognitive impairments are prevalent in persons seeking treatment for alcohol use disorders (AUDs). These impairments and their physical, social, psychological and occupational consequences vary in severity across persons, much like those resulting from traumatic brain injury; however, due to their slower course of onset, alcohol-related cognitive impairments are often overlooked both within and outside of the treatment setting. Evidence suggests that cognitive impairments can impede treatment goals through their effects on treatment processes. Although some recovery of alcohol-related cognitive impairments often occurs after cessation of drinking (time-dependent recovery), the rate and extent of recovery is variable across cognitive domains and individuals. Following a long hiatus in scientific interest, a new generation of research aims to facilitate treatment process and improve AUD treatment outcomes by directly promoting cognitive recovery (experience-dependent recovery). This review updates knowledge about the nature and course of cognitive and brain impairments associated with AUD, including cognitive effects of adolescent AUD. We summarize current evidence for indirect and moderating relationships of cognitive impairment to treatment outcome, and discuss how advances in conceptual frameworks of brain-behavior relationships are fueling the development of novel AUD interventions that include techniques for cognitive remediation. Emerging evidence suggests that such interventions can be effective in promoting cognitive recovery in persons with AUD and other substance use disorders, and potentially increasing the efficacy of AUD treatments. Finally, translational approaches based on cognitive science, neurophysiology, and neuroscience research are considered as promising future directions for effective treatment development that includes cognitive rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marsha E Bates
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 607 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8001, USA.
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Vaschillo EG, Vaschillo B, Buckman JF, Pandina RJ, Bates ME. Measurement of vascular tone and stroke volume baroreflex gain. Psychophysiology 2012; 49:193-7. [PMID: 22092290 PMCID: PMC3366428 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2011.01305.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The arterial baroreflex system (BRS) consists of at least three closed-loop control systems: the heart rate (HR), vascular tone (VT), and stroke volume (SV) BRSs. Whereas HR-BRS gain is well studied, VT-BRS and SV-BRS gain are not. This study aimed to develop a method for quantifying VT-BRS and SV-BRS gain using an established HR-BRS gain measurement approach. ECG and beat-to-beat blood pressure (BP) were recorded in 31 young healthy participants during three tasks. Sequences of R-to-R wave intervals (RRI) of the ECG, pulse transit time (PTT), and SV were measured to assess HR-, VT-, and SV-BRS gain using the cross-spectral technique of computing the BP-RRI, BP-PTT, and BP-SV transfer functions. Gain in each BRS arch was measured in individuals with intact BRS functioning. Functional overlap and independence was noted in the BRS arches. The implications of the proposed method are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny G Vaschillo
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.
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Bates ME, Buckman JF, Vaschillo EG, Fonoberov VA, Fonoberova M, Vaschillo B, Mun EY, Mezić A, Mezić I. The redistribution of power: neurocardiac signaling, alcohol and gender. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28281. [PMID: 22164260 PMCID: PMC3229550 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adaptability involves interconnected biological and psychological control processes that determine how successful we are in meeting internal and environmental challenges. Heart rate variability (HRV), the variability in consecutive R-wave to R-wave intervals (RRI) of the electrocardiogram, captures synergy between the brain and cardiovascular control systems that modulate adaptive responding. Here we introduce a qualitatively new dimension of adaptive change in HRV quantified as a redistribution of spectral power by applying the Wasserstein distance with exponent 1 metric (W(1)) to RRI spectral data. We further derived a new index, D, to specify the direction of spectral redistribution and clarify physiological interpretation. We examined gender differences in real time RRI spectral power response to alcohol, placebo and visual cue challenges. Adaptive changes were observed as changes in power of the various spectral frequency bands (i.e., standard frequency domain HRV indices) and, during both placebo and alcohol intoxication challenges, as changes in the structure (shape) of the RRI spectrum, with a redistribution towards lower frequency oscillations. The overall conclusions from the present study are that the RRI spectrum is capable of a fluid and highly flexible response, even when oscillations (and thus activity at the sinoatrial node) are pharmacologically suppressed, and that low frequency oscillations serve a crucial but less studied role in physical and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marsha E Bates
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America.
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Abstract
Paced 0.1 Hz breathing causes high-amplitude HR oscillation, triggering resonance in the cardiovascular system (CVS). This oscillation is considered to be a primary therapeutic factor in HRV biofeedback treatments. This study examined whether rhythmical skeletal muscle tension (RSMT) can also cause 0.1 Hz resonance in the CVS, and compared oscillatory reactivity in CVS functions caused by RSMT and paced breathing (PB). Sixteen young healthy participants completed five tasks: baseline, three RSMT tasks at frequencies of 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 Hz, and a 0.1 Hz PB task. ECG, respiration, finger pulse, and skin conductance data were collected. Results showed that 0.1 Hz RSMT as well as 0.1 Hz PB triggered resonance in the CVS and caused equivalent oscillations in all measured CVS functions, although in women, RSMT compared to PB caused lower HR oscillation. Clinical application of 0.1 Hz RSMT is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny G Vaschillo
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.
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Vaschillo EG, Vaschillo B, Buckman JF, Pandina RJ, Bates ME. The Investigation and Clinical Significance of Resonance in the Heart Rate and Vascular Tone Baroreflexes. Biomedical Engineering Systems and Technologies 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-18472-7_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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White HR, Marmorstein NR, Crews FT, Bates ME, Mun EY, Loeber R. Associations between heavy drinking and changes in impulsive behavior among adolescent boys. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2010; 35:295-303. [PMID: 21073485 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01345.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impulsive behavior in humans predicts the onset of drinking during adolescence and alcohol use disorders (AUDs) in adulthood. It is also possible, however, that heavy drinking may increase impulsive behavior by affecting the development of brain areas that support behavioral control or through other associated mechanisms. This study examined whether drinking heavily during adolescence is related to changes in impulsive behavior with a specific focus on how the association differs across individuals, contingent on the developmental course of their impulsiveness. METHOD Data came from a sample of boys (N = 503) who were followed annually from approximate age 8 to age 18 and again at approximate age 24/25. Heavy drinking was defined as experiencing a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) level of 0.08% or higher. At each assessment, the parent and child each reported whether the child was impulsive. RESULTS First, group-based trajectory analysis was used to identify 4 groups differing in the level and slopes of their trajectories of impulsive behavior from age 9 to age 17: low (13.9%), early adolescence-limited (18.7%), moderate (60.8%), and high (6.6%). These trajectory groups differed in their prevalence of any heavy drinking, peak BACs, and rates of alcohol dependence in adolescence and AUD in early adulthood, with the less impulsive groups being lower on these measures than the more impulsive groups. Heavy drinking was then entered into the model as a time-varying covariate; this measure was lagged so that the results represent change in impulsive behavior the year following heavy drinking. Among boys on the moderate trajectory, those who drank heavily were rated as significantly more impulsive the following year compared to those who did not drink heavily. CONCLUSIONS The association between heavy drinking and impulsive behavior may depend on earlier levels of impulsive behavior with those who are moderately impulsive appearing to be at greatest risk for increased impulsive behavior following heavy drinking. Further research is needed to clarify this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene R White
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.
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Ray S, Hanson C, Hanson SJ, Bates ME. fMRI BOLD response in high-risk college students (Part 1): during exposure to alcohol, marijuana, polydrug and emotional picture cues. Alcohol Alcohol 2010; 45:437-43. [PMID: 20729530 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agq042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study examined reactivity to alcohol, polydrug, marijuana and emotional picture cues in students who were referred to a college alcohol and drug assistance program. METHODS The fMRI data of 10 participants (5 females; 5 males) were collected while they viewed standardized emotional and appetitive cues. RESULTS Positive and negative emotional cues produced greater activity than neutral cues in the expected brain areas. Compared with neutral cues, alcohol cues produced greater brain activation in the right insula, left anterior cingulate, left caudate and left prefrontal cortex (Z = 2.01, 1.86, 1.82, 1.81, respectively; P < 0.05). Drug cues produced significantly greater left prefrontal activity compared with neutral cues, with polydrug cues activating the right insula and marijuana cues activating left anterior cingulate. CONCLUSIONS Students at-risk for alcohol abuse showed neural reactivity to alcohol cues in four brain regions, which is consistent with their greater use of alcohol. Insula activation to appetitive cues may be an early marker of risk for progression to alcohol/drug abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchismita Ray
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, 607 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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Ray S, Hanson C, Hanson SJ, Rahman RM, Bates ME. fMRI BOLD response of high-risk college students (Part 2): during memory priming of alcohol, marijuana and polydrug picture cues. Alcohol Alcohol 2010; 45:444-8. [PMID: 20729527 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agq043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study examined brain activity using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and reaction time (RT) during an implicit repetition priming memory task involving alcohol, polydrug, marijuana and emotional picture cues. METHODS Participants were 5 male and 5 female high-risk college students who had just participated in a cue exposure study (Ray et al., this issue). fMRI and RT data were collected while participants made decisions about previously seen and new picture cues. RESULTS Both behavioral RT and brain imaging data revealed strong memory priming for drug and alcohol cues. Neurologically, a repetition priming effect (suppression in neural activity for repeated cues) was observed in response to alcohol cues in the left prefrontal, bilateral occipital, and bilateral occipitotemporal regions, as well as right insula and right precuneus (Z ranged from 3.03 to 3.31 P < 0.05). Polydrug cues elicited priming in the occipital and temporal areas, and marijuana cues in the occipital area. CONCLUSIONS Prefrontal and insular cortex involvement both in reactivity to alcohol cues (Ray et al., this issue) and subsequent implicit memory processing of these cues, as found in this study, suggests their potential role in the maintenance of high-risk alcohol use behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchismita Ray
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, 607 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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Buckman JF, White HR, Bates ME. Psychophysiological reactivity to emotional picture cues two years after college students were mandated for alcohol interventions. Addict Behav 2010; 35:786-90. [PMID: 20409645 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2009] [Revised: 02/16/2010] [Accepted: 03/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study examined alcohol use behaviors as well as physiological, personality, and motivational measures of arousal in students approximately 2 years after they were mandated to a brief intervention program for violating university policies about on-campus substance use. Students were categorized into serious (medical referrals, n=13) or minor (residence advisor referrals, n=30) infraction groups based on the nature of the incident that led to their being mandated. Self-report measures of arousal, sensation seeking, reasons for drinking, and past 30-day alcohol use were completed. Physiological arousal during exposure to emotional picture cues was assessed by indices of heart rate variability. The minor infraction group reported significantly escalating alcohol use patterns over time and a pattern of less regulated psychophysiological reactivity to external stimuli compared to the serious infraction group. The serious infraction group was higher in sensation seeking and there was some evidence of greater disparity between their physiological and self-reported experiences of emotional arousal in response to picture cues than in the minor group. Thus, the two infraction groups represent different subsets of mandated students, both of whom may be at some risk for using alcohol maladaptively. The findings suggest that intervention strategies that address self-regulation may be beneficial for mandated college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer F Buckman
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers University, 607 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Korpi-Steiner NL, Valkenaar SM, Bates ME, Evans MD, Gern JE, Bertics PJ. Human monocytic cells direct the robust release of CXCL10 by bronchial epithelial cells during rhinovirus infection. Clin Exp Allergy 2010; 40:1203-13. [PMID: 20545701 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2010.03546.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human rhinovirus (HRV) infections are a major cause of exacerbations in chronic respiratory conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but HRV-induced immune responses of the lower airway are poorly understood. Earlier work examining cytokine release following HRV infection has focused on epithelial cells because they serve as the principal site of viral replication, and internalization and replication of viral RNA appear necessary for epithelial cell mediator release. However, during HRV infection, only a small proportion of epithelial cells become infected. As HRV-induced cytokine levels in vivo are markedly elevated, this observation suggests that other mechanisms independent of direct viral infection may induce epithelial cell cytokine release. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to test for the importance of interactions between human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) and monocytic cells in the control of mediator release during HRV exposure. METHODS In vitro models of HRV serotype-16 (HRV16) infection of primary HBECs and human monocytic cells, in mono or co-culture, were used. We assessed HRV16-induced CXCL10 and CCL2 protein release via ELISA. RESULTS Co-culture of human monocytic and bronchial epithelial cells promoted a synergistic augmentation of CXCL10 and CCL2 protein release following HRV16 challenge. Transfer of conditioned media from HRV16-treated monocytic cells to epithelial cultures induced a robust release of CXCL10 by the epithelial cells. This effect was greatly attenuated by type I IFN receptor blocking antibodies, and could be recapitulated by IFN-alpha addition. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that epithelial CXCL10 release during HRV infection is augmented by a monocytic cell-dependent mechanism involving type I IFN(s). Our findings support a key role for monocytic cells in the amplification of epithelial cell chemokine production during HRV infection, and help to explain how an inflammatory milieu is created in the lower airways even in the absence of extensive viral replication and epithelial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Korpi-Steiner
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706-0450, USA
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Abstract
Sterba and Bauer's Keynote Article discusses the blurred distinction between theoretical principles and analytical methods in the person-oriented approach as problematic and review which of the person-oriented principles are testable under the four types of latent variable models for longitudinal data. Although the issue is important, some arbitrariness exists in determining whether a given principle can be tested within each analytic approach. To close the gap between person-oriented theory and methods and to extend the person-oriented approach more generally, it is necessary to embrace both variable-oriented and person-oriented methods because it is not the individual analytic methods but how studies are implemented as a whole that defines the person-oriented approach. Three areas in developmental psychopathology are discussed in which variable-oriented and person-oriented methods can be complementary. The need to better understand the target system using an appropriate person-specific tool is graphically illustrated. Several concepts of dynamic systems such as attractors, phase transitions, and control parameters are illustrated using experimentally perturbed cardiac rhythms (heart rate variability) as an example in the context of translational alcohol research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Mun
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 607 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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Udo T, Bates ME, Mun EY, Vaschillo EG, Vaschillo B, Lehrer P, Ray S. Gender differences in acute alcohol effects on self-regulation of arousal in response to emotional and alcohol-related picture cues. Psychol Addict Behav 2009; 23:196-204. [PMID: 19586136 DOI: 10.1037/a0015015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Basic mechanisms through which men and women self-regulate arousal have received little attention in human experimental addiction research, although stress-response-dampening and craving theories suggest an important role of emotional arousal in motivating alcohol use. This study examined gender differences in the effects of acute alcohol intoxication on psychophysiological and self-reported arousal in response to emotionally negative, positive, and neutral, and alcohol-related, picture cues. Thirty-six social drinkers (16 women) were randomly assigned to an alcohol, placebo, or control beverage group and exposed to picture cues every 10 s (0.1 Hz presentation frequency). Psychophysiological arousal was assessed via a 0.1-Hz heart rate variability (HRV) index. A statistically significant beverage group-by-gender interaction effect on psychophysiological, but not self-reported, arousal was found. The 0.1-Hz HRV responses to picture cues were suppressed by alcohol only in men. This gender-specific suppression pattern did not differ significantly across picture cue types. There were no significant gender differences in the placebo or control group. Greater dampening of arousal by alcohol intoxication in men, compared with women, may contribute to men's greater tendency to use alcohol to cope with stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Udo
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8001, USA
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