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Ingratta GG, Stempler A, Fernández B, Colavecchia SB, Jolly A, Minatel L, Paolicchi FA, Mundo SL. Early-stage findings in an experimental calf model infected with Argentinean isolates of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2023; 259:110595. [PMID: 37058952 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is an important pathogen that causes granulomatous enteritis known as Johne's disease or paratuberculosis (PTB). In this study an experimental model of calves infected with Argentinean isolates of MAP for 180 days was used to provide more data of the early PTB stages. Calves were challenged by oral route with MAP strain IS900-RFLPA (MA; n = 3), MAP strain IS900-RFLPC (MC; n = 2) or mock infected (MI; n = 2), and response to infection was evaluated through peripheral cytokine expression, MAP tissue distribution and histopathological early-stage findings. Specific and varied levels of IFN-γ were only detected at 80 days post-infection in infected calves. These data indicate that specific IFN-γ is not a useful indicator for early detection of MAP infection in our calf model. At 110 days post-infection, TNF-α expression was higher than IL-10 in 4 of the 5 infected animals and a significant decrease of TNF-α expression was detected in infected vs. non-infected calves. All calves challenged were identified as infected by mesenteric lymph node tissue culture and real time IS900 PCR. In addition, for lymph nodes samples, the agreement between these techniques was almost perfect (κ = 0.86). Colonization of tissues and levels of tissue infection varied between individuals. Evidence of early MAP dissemination to extraintestinal tissues such as the liver was detected by culture in one animal (MAP strain IS900-RFLPA). In both groups microgranulomatous lesions were observed predominantly in the lymph nodes, with giant cells present only in the MA group. In summary, the findings described herein may indicate that local MAP strains induced specific immune responses with particularities that could suggest differences in their biological behavior. Further studies should be carried out in order to obtain an in-depth understanding of the influence of MAP strains in host-pathogen interactions and the outcome of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle Gabriela Ingratta
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Inmunología, Av. Chorroarín 280, C1427CWO Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Stempler
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Inmunología, Av. Chorroarín 280, C1427CWO Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bárbara Fernández
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Inmunología, Av. Chorroarín 280, C1427CWO Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), Av. Chorroarín 280, C1427CWO Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Av. Chorroarín 280, C1427CWO Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Silvia Beatriz Colavecchia
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Inmunología, Av. Chorroarín 280, C1427CWO Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Jolly
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Inmunología, Av. Chorroarín 280, C1427CWO Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Minatel
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Patología, Av. San Martín 5285, C1417DSM Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Alberto Paolicchi
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce, Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Ruta 226, Km 73.5, Balcarce B7620BEN, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Departamento de Producción Animal, Ruta 226, Km 73.5, Balcarce B7620BEN, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Leonor Mundo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Inmunología, Av. Chorroarín 280, C1427CWO Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), Av. Chorroarín 280, C1427CWO Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Av. Chorroarín 280, C1427CWO Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Kelly PA, Toolan D, Jahns H. Intestinal Adenocarcinoma in a Herd of Farmed Sika Deer (Cervus nippon). Vet Pathol 2014; 52:193-200. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985814521246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal adenocarcinomas were identified in 76 adult deer from a closed herd of 193 breeding animals grazing pasture heavily infested with bracken fern ( Pteridium aquilinum). Tumors were observed postmortem in 32 animals with rapid weight loss, and similar neoplasms were detected in a further 44 clinically normal deer at “cull.” Tumors were located in distal ileum, cecum, and proximal colon and presented as single (26%) or multiple (74%), variably sized, pale-gray, firm, poorly circumscribed neoplasms with associated intestinal strictures. Histopathologically tumors were well-differentiated, locally infiltrative, low-grade adenocarcinomas of tubular (51%), mucinous (33.5%), or mixed (15.5%) types. Extraintestinal metastases were not observed. The high incidence of intestinal adenocarcinoma within this herd suggests a specific and novel syndrome, and genetic and/or environmental factors may be involved in the pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. A. Kelly
- Pathobiology Section, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D. Toolan
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and the Marine, Regional Veterinary Laboratories, Kilkenny, Ireland
| | - H. Jahns
- Pathobiology Section, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Hunnam JC, Wilson PR, Heuer C, Stringer L, Clark RG, Mackintosh CG. Association betweenMycobacterium aviumsubspeciesparatuberculosisand lymph node size in New Zealand farmed deer (Cervus elaphus). N Z Vet J 2013; 61:133-40. [DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2012.755886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Host responses to persistent Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection in surgically isolated bovine ileal segments. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2012; 20:156-65. [PMID: 23221000 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00496-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A lack of appropriate disease models has limited our understanding of the pathogenesis of persistent enteric infections with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. A model was developed for the controlled delivery of a defined dose of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis to surgically isolated ileal segments in newborn calves. The stable intestinal segments enabled the characterization of host responses to persistent M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis infections after a 9-month period, including an analysis of local mucosal immune responses relative to an adjacent uninfected intestinal compartment. M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis remained localized at the initial site of intestinal infection and was not detected by PCR in the mesenteric lymph node. M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-specific T cell proliferative responses included both CD4 and γδ T cell receptor (γδTcR) T cell responses in the draining mesenteric lymph node. The levels of CD8(+) and γδTcR(+) T cells increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the lamina propria, and M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-specific tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and gamma interferon secretion by lamina propria leukocytes was also significantly (P < 0.05) increased. There was a significant (P < 0.05) accumulation of macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) in the lamina propria, but the expression of mucosal toll-like receptors 1 through 10 was not significantly changed by M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection. In conclusion, surgically isolated ileal segments provided a model system for the establishment of a persistent and localized enteric M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in cattle and facilitated the analysis of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-specific changes in mucosal leukocyte phenotype and function. The accumulation of DC subpopulations in the lamina propria suggests that further investigation of mucosal DCs may provide insight into host responses to M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection and improve vaccine strategies to prevent M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection.
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