1
|
Cataldo D, Aravena G, Escobar A, Tapia JC, Peralta OA, Torres CG. Effect of Melatonin on Chemoresistance Exhibited by Spheres Derived from Canine Mammary Carcinoma Cells. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1229. [PMID: 38672378 PMCID: PMC11047318 DOI: 10.3390/ani14081229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mammary cancer is a frequent disease in female dogs, where a high proportion of cases correspond to malignant tumors that may exhibit drug resistance. Within the mammary tumor microenvironment, there is a cell subpopulation called cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are capable of forming spheres in vitro and resisting anti-tumor treatments, partly explaining the recurrence of some tumors. Previously, it has been described that spheres derived from canine mammary carcinoma cells CF41.Mg and REM 134 exhibit stemness characteristics. Melatonin has shown anti-tumor effects on mammary tumor cells; however, its effects have been poorly evaluated in canine mammary CSCs. This study aimed to analyze the effect of melatonin on the chemoresistance exhibited by stem-like neoplastic cells derived from canine mammary carcinoma to cytotoxic drugs such as doxorubicin and mitoxantrone. CF41.Mg and REM 134 cells were cultured in high-glucose DMEM supplemented with fetal bovine serum and L-glutamine. The spheres were cultured in ultra-low attachment plates in DMEM/F12 medium without fetal bovine serum and with different growth factors. The CD44+/CD24-/low phenotype was analyzed by flow cytometry. The viability of sphere-derived cells (MTS reduction) was studied in the presence of melatonin (0.1 or 1 mM), doxorubicin, mitoxantrone, and luzindole. In addition, the gene (RT-qPCR) of the multidrug resistance bombs MDR1 and ABCG2 were analyzed in the presence of melatonin. Both cell types expressed the MT1 gene, which encodes the melatonin receptor MT1. Melatonin 1 mM does not modify the CD44+/CD24-/low phenotype; however, the hormone reduced viability (p < 0.0001) only in CF41.Mg spheres, without inducing an additive effect when co-incubated with cytotoxic drugs. These effects were independent of the binding of the hormone to its receptor MT1, since, by pharmacologically inhibiting them, the effect of melatonin was not blocked. In CF41.Mg spheres, the relative gene expression of ABCG2 and MDR1 was decreased in response to the hormone (p < 0.001). These results indicate that melatonin negatively modulates the cell survival of spheres derived from CF41.Mg cells, in a way that is independent of its MT1 receptor. These effects did not counteract the resistance to doxorubicin and mitoxantrone, even though the hormone negatively regulates the gene expression of MDR1 and ABCG2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dania Cataldo
- Centralized Laboratory of Veterinary Research, Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (D.C.); (G.A.)
- Laboratory of Biomedicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile
| | - Guillermo Aravena
- Centralized Laboratory of Veterinary Research, Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (D.C.); (G.A.)
| | - Alejandro Escobar
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Dental Sciences Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Julio C. Tapia
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Oscar A. Peralta
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago 7820435, Chile;
| | - Cristian G. Torres
- Centralized Laboratory of Veterinary Research, Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (D.C.); (G.A.)
- Laboratory of Biomedicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Alonso-Diez A, Affolter V, Sevane N, Dunner S, Valdivia G, Clemente M, De Andrés P, Illera J, Pérez-Alenza M, Peña L. Cell adhesion molecules E-cadherin and CADM1 are differently expressed in canine inflammatory mammary cancer. Res Vet Sci 2022; 152:307-313. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
3
|
Rathod S, Desai H, Patil R, Sarolia J. Non-ionic Surfactants as a P-Glycoprotein(P-gp) Efflux Inhibitor for Optimal Drug Delivery-A Concise Outlook. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:55. [PMID: 35043278 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02211-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant research efforts have been devoted to unraveling the mystery of P-glycoprotein(P-gp) in drug delivery applications. The efflux membrane transporter P-gp is widely distributed in the body and accountable for restricting drug absorption and bioavailability. For these reasons, it is the primary cause of developing multidrug resistance (MDR) in most drug delivery applications. Therefore, P-gp inhibitors must be explored to address MDR and the low bioavailability of therapeutic substrates. Several experimental models in kinetics and dynamic studies identified the sensitivity of drug molecules and excipients as a P-gp inhibitor. In this review, we aimed to emphasize nonionic surface-active agents for effective reversal of P-gp inhibition. As it is inert, non-toxic, noncharged, and quickly reaching the cytosolic lipid membrane (the point of contact with P-gp efflux protein) enables it to be more efficient as P-gp inhibitors. Moreover, nonionic surfactant improves drug absorption and bioavailability through the various mechanism, involving (i) association of drug with surfactant improves solubilization, facilitating its cell penetration and absorption; (ii) weakening the lateral membrane packing density, facilitating the passive drug influx; and (iii) inhibition of the ATP binding cassette of transporter P-glycoprotein. The application of nonionic surfactant as P-gp inhibitors is well established and supported by various experiments. Altogether, herein, we have primarily focused on various nonionic surfactants and their development strategies to conquer the MDR-causing effects of P-gp efflux protein in drug delivery. Graphical Abstract.
Collapse
|
4
|
Kovalenko MS, Bilyi DD, Skliarov PM, Maslikov SN, Suslova NI, Spitsyna TL, Yevtushenko ID. Prognostic markers of canine mammary tumours: Retrospective study of 142 cases. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.15421/022189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to relevance of the problem, prediction of biological behaviour of neoplasias in mammary glands of dogs requires using contemporary approaches to the study, first of all, of ways of dissemination of tumour cells. One of them is studying the mechanisms of migration of cancer cells out of the neoplasm tissues with further dissemination and development of metastatic sites in the regional lymphatic nodes and remote tissues. We studied the survival period of bitches with tumours of the mammary glands following regional or unilateral mastectomy. Among malignant mammary tumours in bitches, the most often diagnosed were single tumours (57.5%), which histologically were classified to carcinomas – ductal (26.9%) and mixed type (21.9%). Probability of intratumoral invasion to blood vessels equaled 12.0%, to lymph vessels – 7.8%, lymph nodes – 12.8%. It depends on the histological type of the tumour, the most aggressive potentially being сomedocarcinoma, tubulopapillary carcinoma and ductal carcinoma. Parameters of life expectancy and survival level after mastectomy depend on clinical stage of the disease (increase in the stage from the first to the third was characterized by decrease from 12.8 ± 9.5 to 9.4 ± 7.8 months), presence of angio/lymphatic invasions, presence of angiolymphatic invasion, but had no correlation with the size of the tumours. An important predictor of tumour-related death of dogs suffering neoplasias of the mammary glands is index vet-NPI, which has significant correlation with the clinical stage according to Owen and median survival. In particular, median survival in patients with the index lower than 4 exceeded the corresponding values in dogs with the index above 4 by 1.3 times. A promising direction of further research would be studying biological mechanisms of development of tumour emboli in the blood and lymph vessels, metastatic sites in lymph nodes, and also determining their role in pathogenesis of canine mammary tumours.
Collapse
|
5
|
Levi M, Muscatello LV, Brunetti B, Benazzi C, Parenti F, Gobbo F, Avallone G, Bacci B, Zambon E, Valenti P, Sarli G. High Intrinsic Expression of P-glycoprotein and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein in Canine Mammary Carcinomas Regardless of Immunophenotype and Outcome. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030658. [PMID: 33801360 PMCID: PMC8001331 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) are major actors in multidrug resistance (MDR) phenomenon in both human and canine mammary carcinomas (CMCs). The aim of this study was to investigate an association between the intrinsic expression of P-gp and BCRP compared to the immunophenotypes and outcome in CMCs. Fifty CMCs were evaluated at immunohistochemistry (IHC) for P-gp, BCRP, Estrogen receptor alpha (ER), Progesterone receptors (PR), Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor type 2 (HER2), basal cytokeratins 5/6 (CK5/6), Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 1 (EGFR), and Ki67 proliferation index. P-gp and BCRP positive cases were, respectively, 52% and 74.5%, with a significantly higher expression of BCRP than P-gp. Five immunophenotypes were defined in 37 out of 50 CMCs: 9 (24.3%) Luminal A, 5 (13.5%) Luminal B, 9 (24.3%) HER2 overexpressing, 9 (24.3%) Triple-negative basal-like, and 5 (13.5%) Triple-negative non-basal-like. In all CMCs at least one marker was expressed. Follow-up data were available for 25 animals. The average cancer-specific survival was 739 ± 444 days. A number of CMCs bear a high expression of P-gp and BCRP but no significant association was found between their expression and the immunophenotypes, Ki67 index, the histological grade, and tumor-related death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Levi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.); (L.V.M.); (B.B.); (C.B.); (F.P.); (F.G.); (G.A.); (B.B.)
| | - Luisa Vera Muscatello
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.); (L.V.M.); (B.B.); (C.B.); (F.P.); (F.G.); (G.A.); (B.B.)
| | - Barbara Brunetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.); (L.V.M.); (B.B.); (C.B.); (F.P.); (F.G.); (G.A.); (B.B.)
| | - Cinzia Benazzi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.); (L.V.M.); (B.B.); (C.B.); (F.P.); (F.G.); (G.A.); (B.B.)
| | - Federico Parenti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.); (L.V.M.); (B.B.); (C.B.); (F.P.); (F.G.); (G.A.); (B.B.)
| | - Francesca Gobbo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.); (L.V.M.); (B.B.); (C.B.); (F.P.); (F.G.); (G.A.); (B.B.)
| | - Giancarlo Avallone
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.); (L.V.M.); (B.B.); (C.B.); (F.P.); (F.G.); (G.A.); (B.B.)
| | - Barbara Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.); (L.V.M.); (B.B.); (C.B.); (F.P.); (F.G.); (G.A.); (B.B.)
| | - Elisa Zambon
- Ospedale Veterinario, I Portoni Rossi, Zola Predosa, 40069 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Paola Valenti
- Clinica Veterinaria Malpensa, Samarate, 21017 Varese, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Sarli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.); (L.V.M.); (B.B.); (C.B.); (F.P.); (F.G.); (G.A.); (B.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-051-20-9-795
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Manoel VC, De Carvalho PLT, Govoni VM, Da Silva TC, Queiroga FL, Cogliati B. Immunoexpression and Prognostic Significance of Multidrug Resistance Markers in Feline Mammary Carcinomas. J Comp Pathol 2021; 183:13-25. [PMID: 33714427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2020.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Feline mammary carcinomas (FMCs) are commonly characterized by high clinical aggressiveness and poor prognosis. FMCs share many features with the corresponding human disease, allowing the comparative investigation of tumour biology and therapeutic strategies, including multidrug resistance (MDR) mechanisms. Although transporting/binding proteins, including permeability glycoprotein (P-gp), lung resistance protein (LRP) and metallothionein (MT), are frequently associated with tumour aggressiveness and unresponsiveness to chemotherapy in human breast cancer, they have not been analysed in FMCs. We investigated the immunoexpression of P-gp, LRP and MT in FMCs and their correlation with clinicopathological parameters and overall survival (OS) time in 46 FMCs, with a median follow-up period of 289 days. These markers were co-expressed in 85% of tumours. P-gp was expressed in 93.4% of FMCs and was positively associated with tumour grade (P = 0.049). While unequivocally observed in all FMCs, LRP immunoexpression did not correlate with any clinicopathological parameters or OS. Expression of MT was significant in triple-negative basal- and normal-like molecular subtypes of FMCs (P = 0.023). The concurrent expression of MDR proteins indicates the potential existence of chemotherapy resistance-related mechanisms in FMCs. The positive association between P-gp and MT immunoexpression and aggressive phenotypes could open new therapeutic and translational strategies for FMCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verônica Correia Manoel
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro Luis Teles De Carvalho
- Center for Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Verônica Mollica Govoni
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tereza Cristina Da Silva
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felisbina Luisa Queiroga
- Center for Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Bruno Cogliati
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pecile A, Groppetti D, Ferrari R, Grieco V, Giudice C, Spediacci C, Stefanello D, Boracchi P. Solitary and multiple simultaneous malignant epithelial mammary tumours in dogs: An explorative retrospective study. Res Vet Sci 2021; 135:153-161. [PMID: 33524825 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Canine mammary tumours represent a hard-prognostic task for veterinary clinicians. TNM staging and grading systems refer to a single tumour. Significant limits come to light when these systems are applied to multiple mammary tumours due to the arbitrary criterion in determining which single tumour is representative of the patient's prognosis. This study explored some clinical features of 50 dogs affected by at least one malignant mammary tumour. Clinical features and staging, together with histological classification and grading, have been related to disease-free survival (DFS) with the purpose to evaluate their impact on prognosis. The prognosis was worse in 10-11-year-old dogs (P < 0.05), in dogs affected by complex carcinoma (P < 0.05), and in patients assigned to Peña grade I (P < 0.05). The bodyweight was not linearly related to DFS (P < 0.01), and patients with a low number of neoformations (n ≤ 2) showed a better prognosis than dogs with 3-5 tumours (P < 0.05). Both the average and the total size of malignant tumours were related to DFS (P < 0.05). Dogs assigned with stage I had the best DFS (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the Peña grade I alone would not seem to guarantee a favourable prognosis when applied to mammary tumours in dogs affected by multiple simultaneous presentations. Different characteristics, besides tumour grading, such as tumour immunophenotype and expression of hormonal receptors, could in the future, contribute to elucidate the clinical behaviour of multiple canine mammary tumours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Pecile
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - D Groppetti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - R Ferrari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - V Grieco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - C Giudice
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - C Spediacci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - D Stefanello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - P Boracchi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Vanzetti 5, 20133 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Levi M, Salaroli R, Parenti F, De Maria R, Zannoni A, Bernardini C, Gola C, Brocco A, Marangio A, Benazzi C, Muscatello LV, Brunetti B, Forni M, Sarli G. Doxorubicin treatment modulates chemoresistance and affects the cell cycle in two canine mammary tumour cell lines. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:30. [PMID: 33461558 PMCID: PMC7814552 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02709-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doxorubicin (DOX) is widely used in both human and veterinary oncology although the onset of multidrug resistance (MDR) in neoplastic cells often leads to chemotherapy failure. Better understanding of the cellular mechanisms that circumvent chemotherapy efficacy is paramount. The aim of this study was to investigate the response of two canine mammary tumour cell lines, CIPp from a primary tumour and CIPm, from its lymph node metastasis, to exposure to EC50(20h) DOX at 12, 24 and 48 h of treatment. We assessed the uptake and subcellular distribution of DOX, the expression and function of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP), two important MDR mediators. To better understand this phenomenon the effects of DOX on the cell cycle and Ki67 cell proliferation index and the expression of p53 and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) were also evaluated by immunocytochemistry (ICC). RESULTS Both cell lines were able to uptake DOX within the nucleus at 3 h treatment while at 48 h DOX was absent from the intracellular compartment (assessed by fluorescence microscope) in all the surviving cells. CIPm, originated from the metastatic tumour, were more efficient in extruding P-gp substrates. By ICC and qRT-PCR an overall increase in both P-gp and BCRP were observed at 48 h of EC50(20h) DOX treatment in both cell lines and were associated with a striking increase in the percentage of p53 and TERT expressing cells by ICC. The cell proliferation fraction was decreased at 48 h in both cell lines and cell cycle analysis showed a DOX-induced arrest in the S phase for CIPp, while CIPm had an increase in cellular death without arrest. Both cells lines were therefore composed by a fraction of cells sensible to DOX that underwent apoptosis/necrosis. CONCLUSIONS DOX administration results in interlinked modifications in the cellular population including a substantial effect on the cell cycle, in particular arrest in the S phase for CIPp and the selection of a subpopulation of neoplastic cells bearing MDR phenotype characterized by P-gp and BCRP expression, TERT activation, p53 accumulation and decrease in the proliferating fraction. Important information is given for understanding the dynamic and mechanisms of the onset of drug resistance in a neoplastic cell population.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/metabolism
- Animals
- Cell Cycle/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Dogs
- Doxorubicin/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/genetics
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Levi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Roberta Salaroli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Federico Parenti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Raffaella De Maria
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Augusta Zannoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Chiara Bernardini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Cecilia Gola
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Antonio Brocco
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Asia Marangio
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Cinzia Benazzi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Luisa Vera Muscatello
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Barbara Brunetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Monica Forni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sarli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
MAY, a novel tubulin inhibitor, induces cell apoptosis in A549 and A549/Taxol cells and inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition in A549/Taxol cells. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 323:109074. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|