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Ferri F, Ferro S, Lucia Benali S, Aresu L, Muscardin L, Porporato F, Rossi F, Guglielmetti C, Gallo E, Palizzotto C, Callegari C, Ricagno S, Mazza M, Michele Coppola L, Gerardi G, Lavatelli F, Caminito S, Mazzini G, Palladini G, Merlini G, Zini E. Renal alterations in cats ( Felis catus) housed in shelters and affected by systemic AA-amyloidosis: Clinicopathological data, histopathology, and ultrastructural features. Vet Pathol 2024:3009858241257903. [PMID: 38864284 DOI: 10.1177/03009858241257903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
AA-amyloidosis is frequent in shelter cats, and chronic kidney disease is the foremost cause of death. The aims were to describe kidney laboratory and microscopic findings in shelter cats with AA-amyloidosis. Cats were included if kidney specimens were collected post-mortem and laboratory data were available within 6 months before death. Renal lesions were evaluated with optical and electron microscopy. Mass spectrometry was used to characterize amyloid. Nine domestic short-hair cats were included; 4 females and 5 males with a median age of 8 years (range = 2-13). All cats had blood analyses and urinalyses available. Serum creatinine concentrations were increased in 6 cats and symmetric dimethylarginine was increased in all of the cats. All of the cats had proteinuria. Eight of 9 cats had amyloid in the medulla, and 9 had amyloid in the cortex (glomeruli). All cats had amyloid in the interstitium. Six cats had concurrent interstitial nephritis and 1 had membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. All cats had extrarenal amyloid deposits. Amyloid was AA in each case. In conclusion, renal deposition of amyloid occurs in both cortex and medulla in shelter cats and is associated with azotemia and proteinuria. Renal involvement of systemic AA-amyloidosis should be considered in shelter cats with chronic kidney disease. The cat represents a natural model of renal AA-amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Ferri
- AniCura Istituto Veterinario Novara, Novara, Italy
- Studio Veterinario Associato Vet2Vet di Ferri e Porporato, Torino, Italy
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Ferro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Luca Aresu
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Federico Porporato
- AniCura Istituto Veterinario Novara, Novara, Italy
- Studio Veterinario Associato Vet2Vet di Ferri e Porporato, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Guglielmetti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, S.C. Diagnostica Specialistica, Torino, Italy
| | - Enrico Gallo
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Stefano Ricagno
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
- Departments of Biosciences, La Statale, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Mazza
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, S.C. Diagnostica Specialistica, Torino, Italy
| | - Luigi Michele Coppola
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gabriele Gerardi
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Lavatelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Serena Caminito
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia Mazzini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Palladini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Merlini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Eric Zini
- AniCura Istituto Veterinario Novara, Novara, Italy
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Moccia V, Vogt AC, Ricagno S, Callegari C, Vogel M, Zini E, Ferro S. Histological evaluation of the distribution of systemic AA-amyloidosis in nine domestic shorthair cats. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293892. [PMID: 37917747 PMCID: PMC10621960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloidosis is a group of protein-misfolding disorders characterized by the accumulation of amyloid in organs, both in humans and animals. AA-amyloidosis is considered a reactive type of amyloidosis and in humans is characterized by the deposition of AA-amyloid fibrils in one or more organs. In domestic shorthair cats, AA-amyloidosis was recently reported to be frequent in shelters. To better characterize this pathology, we report the distribution of amyloid deposits and associated histological lesions in the organs of shelter cats with systemic AA-amyloidosis. AA-amyloid deposits were identified with Congo Red staining and immunofluorescence. AA-amyloid deposits were then described and scored, and associated histological lesions were reported. Based on Congo Red staining and immunofluorescence nine shelter cats presented systemic AA-amyloidosis. The kidney (9/9), the spleen (8/8), the adrenal glands (8/8), the small intestine (7/7) and the liver (8/9) were the organs most involved by amyloid deposits, with multifocal to diffuse and from moderate to severe deposits, both in the organ parenchyma and/or in the vascular compartment. The lung (2/9) and the skin (1/8) were the least frequently involved organs and deposits were mainly focal to multifocal, mild, vascular and perivascular. Interestingly, among the organs with fibril deposition, the stomach (7/9), the gallbladder (6/6), the urinary bladder (3/9), and the heart (6/7) were reported for the first time in cats. All eye, brain and skeletal muscle samples had no amyloid deposits. An inflammatory condition was identified in 8/9 cats, with chronic enteritis and chronic nephritis being the most common. Except for secondary cell compression, other lesions were not associated to amyloid deposits. To conclude, this study gives new insights into the distribution of AA-amyloid deposits in cats. A concurrent chronic inflammation was present in almost all cases, possibly suggesting a relationship with AA-amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Moccia
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Anne-Cathrine Vogt
- Department for BioMedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Ricagno
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, Milano, MI, Italy
| | | | - Monique Vogel
- Department for BioMedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eric Zini
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, PD, Italy
- AniCura Istituto Veterinario Novara, Granozzo con Monticello, NO, Italy
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Ferro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, PD, Italy
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AMYLOIDOSIS IN CAPTIVE EUROPEAN EASTERN BONGO ( TRAGELAPHUS EURYCERUS ISAACI): PREVALENCE, PREDICTIVE FACTORS, ORGAN PREDILECTION, AND SERUM AMYLOID A CONCENTRATIONS. J Zoo Wildl Med 2023; 53:696-704. [PMID: 36640071 DOI: 10.1638/2022-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloidosis is frequently identified during postmortem examination of captive eastern bongo (Tragelaphus eurycerus isaaci) in the European Endangered Species Programme (EEP). However, its significance and etiopathogenesis are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of amyloidosis within this population and identify potential predictive factors for the presence of disease. Postmortem reports obtained from 24 EEP institutions were analyzed and assessed for evidence of amyloidosis. Seventy-two individuals had histopathological assessment performed after gross postmortem examination and were included in the study. Further histopathological analysis was performed on Congo red-stained slides from 26 individuals, and organ predilection sites were identified. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed in six individuals to identify the type of amyloid present. Serum amyloid A (SAA) analysis was performed on blood samples from 34 individuals, and concentrations in affected and unaffected individuals were compared. Amyloidosis was reported in 26 animals (36%). The association between the presence of amyloidosis and sex, age, or body condition was not statistically significant. However, amyloidosis was not identified in any individuals under the age of 6 yr. The presence of chronic inflammatory conditions was the only statistically significant predictive factor for the presence of amyloidosis (P = 0.03). Chronic inflammatory conditions present included nephritis, enteritis, and pneumonia. The majority of affected animals presented with amyloid deposition in multiple organs, with the liver and kidneys being most commonly affected. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of AA amyloid. The association between the presence of amyloidosis and SAA values measured on a single occasion was not statistically significant. This study identified a high prevalence of amyloidosis within the captive European eastern bongo population associated with chronic inflammatory conditions. Antemortem diagnosis of amyloidosis remains challenging, and this study indicates that SAA protein concentrations are not a reliable indicator for the presence of amyloidosis.
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Penticoff HB, Hipkiss HK, Hetak AA, Agnew DW, Fortin JS. Survey of amyloidosis cases among different free-living wild and zoo animals. Amyloid 2021; 28:145-152. [PMID: 34132151 DOI: 10.1080/13506129.2021.1940931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Amyloidosis comprises a range of protein-folding disorders characterised by a buildup of amyloid deposits in one or multiple organs. The pathogenesis and pathologic findings of amyloidosis can vary widely due to the nature of the precursor protein. In veterinary medicine, there are 10 proteins known to form amyloid deposits in various organs. This review aims to compare amyloidosis cases among different free-living wild and zoo animals focussing in part on the determination of the species particularly susceptible to the amyloid formation and specific prone-to-aggregate protein commonly involved. This review addresses the transmission of AA amyloidosis pertinent to institutions, such as zoos, housing multiple individuals and species in relatively close proximity. In addition, this review includes summarisation for definitive diagnosis of single or multiple cases of amyloidosis affecting free-living wild and zoo animals. Insights into the diversity, transmission, and pathogenesis of known amyloidogenic proteins and species prevalently affected may help to establish a preventive intervention and stimulate the discovery of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailey B Penticoff
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Hannah K Hipkiss
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Ashley A Hetak
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Dalen W Agnew
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jessica S Fortin
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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COMPARISON OF BLOOD SYMMETRIC DIMETHYLARGININE AND CREATININE AS ENDOGENOUS MARKERS OF KIDNEY FUNCTION IN CAPTIVE TIGERS ( PANTHERA TIGRIS). J Zoo Wildl Med 2021; 52:628-637. [PMID: 34130406 DOI: 10.1638/2020-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in captive tigers (Panthera tigris). Blood creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen measurements are inexpensive and common biomarkers used to evaluate renal function. However, several limitations have been reported regarding their sensitivity and interindividual variability. Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) has been suggested to be a more sensitive biomarker that is less affected by extrarenal factors and has a strong correlation with glomerular filtration rate and blood Cr in several species. This project aimed to identify the usefulness of SDMA as an endogenous marker of kidney function in captive tigers. The hypothesis of this study is that increased circulating SDMA is positively associated with increased blood Cr. SDMA and Cr were measured in 65 banked samples (serum and plasma) from 30 individual captive tigers. The samples were collected over a 38-y period and stored at -21°C. SDMA and Cr concentrations were determined using the commercially available SDMA test and enzymatic colorimetric methods, respectively. SDMA had a significant positive association with Cr (for every 1 unit increase of log SDMA, Cr increased by 82%, P = 0.0002). Age and subspecies influenced Cr but not SDMA concentrations. In one animal, blood SDMA increased above the ZIMS reported range. approximately 3.6 mo before Cr increased. SDMA is currently indicated for the diagnosis of CKD in domestic felids and seems also promising in nondomestic felids. Further prospective studies might improve the understanding of the performance of this biomarker.
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Multi-omic analyses in Abyssinian cats with primary renal amyloid deposits. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8339. [PMID: 33863921 PMCID: PMC8052419 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87168-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The amyloidoses constitute a group of diseases occurring in humans and animals that are characterized by abnormal deposits of aggregated proteins in organs, affecting their structure and function. In the Abyssinian cat breed, a familial form of renal amyloidosis has been described. In this study, multi-omics analyses were applied and integrated to explore some aspects of the unknown pathogenetic processes in cats. Whole-genome sequences of two affected Abyssinians and 195 controls of other breeds (part of the 99 Lives initiative) were screened to prioritize potential disease-associated variants. Proteome and miRNAome from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded kidney specimens of fully necropsied Abyssinian cats, three affected and three non-amyloidosis-affected were characterized. While the trigger of the disorder remains unclear, overall, (i) 35,960 genomic variants were detected; (ii) 215 and 56 proteins were identified as exclusive or overexpressed in the affected and control kidneys, respectively; (iii) 60 miRNAs were differentially expressed, 20 of which are newly described. With omics data integration, the general conclusions are: (i) the familial amyloid renal form in Abyssinians is not a simple monogenic trait; (ii) amyloid deposition is not triggered by mutated amyloidogenic proteins but is a mix of proteins codified by wild-type genes; (iii) the form is biochemically classifiable as AA amyloidosis.
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Abstract
Nine cases of amyloidosis in caracals (Caracal caracal) from three different institutions in Europe were reviewed and evaluated histopathologically. The six males and three females died between 2008 and 2018 at an age of 6 yr ± 2.5 mo (median ± interquartile range). In two out of nine (2/9) animals, amyloidosis was an incidental postmortem finding; the animals died of bronchopneumonia and gastric ulceration due to Helicobacter spp., respectively. Seven (7/9) animals suffered from acute renal failure due to amyloidosis, one of them additionally of cardiac decompensation. The predominant clinical signs were weight loss, lethargy, dys- or anorexia, dehydration, increased BUN and creatinine, and azotemia. The main gross lesion was a pale renal cortex on cut surface; in two animals, the kidneys appeared enlarged. Histologically, glomerular amyloid was present in every animal (9/9), and was the predominant renal manifestation of amyloidosis. Additional findings included splenic amyloid (8/8), amyloid in the lamina propria of the intestine (5/5), and amyloid in the lingual submucosa (4/4). Gastric mineralization was present in four animals suffering from renal failure. In the animal dying from bronchopneumonia, severe pancreatic amyloid deposits mainly affecting the exocrine pancreas (1/5) were identified. Immunohistochemistry was employed to identify amyloid AA in eight cases; only in the caracal dying from bronchopneumonia AA was amyloid confirmed. In several organs, especially in those where only small amyloid deposits were detected, a Congo red stain was often necessary to confirm the deposition. The etiology of the amyloidosis remains unknown. Three caracals were related within two generations, another three within four generations, so one might hypothesize a familial trait. In conclusion, amyloidosis should be considered as a significant disease in the caracal. Particularly in cases with renal disease, it should be included as a major differential diagnosis.
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On Typing Amyloidosis Using Immunohistochemistry. Detailled Illustrations, Review and a Note on Mass Spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 47:61-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proghi.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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A concise review of amyloidosis in animals. Vet Med Int 2012; 2012:427296. [PMID: 22577608 PMCID: PMC3329740 DOI: 10.1155/2012/427296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloidosis refers to a group of protein misfolding diseases characterized by deposition of a particular amyloid protein in various organs and tissues of animals and humans. Various types and clinical forms of amyloidosis, in which the pathology and pathogenesis is diverse depending upon the underlying causes and species affected, are reported in domestic and wild animals. The clinical findings are also quite variable consequent to the variation of the tissues and organs involved and the extent of functional disruption of the affected organs in various animal species. The affected organs may be enlarged and exhibit variable pallor grossly, or the amyloid deposit may be discernible only after microscopic examination of the affected tissues. Amyloid appears as a pale eosinophilic homogenous extracellular deposit in tissues. However, microscopic examination and Congo red staining with green birefringence under polarized light are needed to confirm amyloid and differentiate it from other apparently similar extracellular deposits such as collagen and fibrin. Identifying the type of amyloid deposit needs immunohistochemical staining, ultrastructural characterization of the amyloid fibril, and if feasible also genetic studies of the involved species for clinical and prognostic purposes. This paper provides a concise review of the occurrence of amyloidosis in domestic and wild animals.
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Newkirk KM, Newman SJ, White LA, Rohrbach BW, Ramsay EC. Renal Lesions of Nondomestic Felids. Vet Pathol 2010; 48:698-705. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985810382089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
To comprehensively evaluate the occurrence of renal lesions in a variety of nondomestic felids, necropsy cases from 1978 to 2008 were reviewed from a municipal zoo and a large cat sanctuary for those in which the kidneys were examined histologically. Seventy exotic felids were identified (25 tigers, 18 lions, 6 cougars, 5 leopards, 3 snow leopards, 3 clouded leopards, 3 Canadian lynx, 2 ocelots, 2 bobcats, 2 cheetahs, 1 jaguar), and their histologic renal lesions were evaluated and compared. The most common lesion was tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN); 36 of 70 (51%) cats were affected to some degree. Lymphocytic interstitial nephritis was the most common lesion in the tigers (9 of 25, 36%) and was rarely seen in other species. Although the renal pelvis was not available for all cats, 28 of 47 (60%) had some degree of lymphocytic pyelitis. There was no significant association between the presence of pyelitis and that of TIN. Only 1 cat had pyelonephritis. Renal papillary necrosis was present in 13 of 70 (19%) cats and was significantly associated with historical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug treatment (odds ratio, 7.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.9 to 26.8). Only 1 cat (lion) had amyloid accumulation, and it was restricted to the corticomedullary junction. Primary glomerular lesions were absent in all cats. Intraepithelial pigment was identified in many of the cats but was not correlated with severity of TIN. Despite several previous reports describing primary glomerular disease or renal amyloidosis in exotic felids, these lesions were rare to absent in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. M. Newkirk
- Departments of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - S. J. Newman
- Departments of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - L. A. White
- Departments of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - B. W. Rohrbach
- Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - E. C. Ramsay
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
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Colegrove K, Gulland F, Harr K, Naydan D, Lowenstine L. Pathological Features of Amyloidosis in Stranded California Sea Lions (Zalophus californianus). J Comp Pathol 2009; 140:105-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2008.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2007] [Accepted: 08/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kovács BM, Toussaint MJM, Gruys E, Fábián IB, Szilágyi L, Janan J, Rudas P. Evaluation of goose serum amyloid a acute phase response by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Acta Vet Hung 2007; 55:349-57. [PMID: 17867462 DOI: 10.1556/avet.55.2007.3.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA) is of interest as the circulating precursor of amyloid A protein, the fibrillar component of AA (secondary) amyloid deposits, and also as an extremely sensitive and rapid major acute phase protein. Serum concentrations of acute phase proteins (APPs) provide valuable information about the diagnosis and prognosis of various diseases, and thus the relevance of APPs for monitoring the health status of domestic animals is widely accepted. More importantly, the measurement of SAA concentration assists in assessing the prognosis in secondary amyloidosis, which is a common disease of geese, affecting an increasing number of animals. In the present study we introduce a highly sensitive goose-specific ELISA method for measuring SAA concentration in goose serum or plasma samples. Samples were taken from geese of the Landes Grey and Hungarian White breeds, which were stimulated for an acute phase reaction by administration of a commercially available fowl cholera vaccine containing inactivated Pasteurella multocida. Strong and characteristically rapid acute phase responses were measured in both breeds, peaking at approximately 24 h after inoculation. The maximum SAA concentration was 1200 microg/ml. At 72 h postinoculation, the concentrations returned to pre-inoculation values. There was significantly (p = 0.004) less intense response in the control groups; however, a very mild increase of SAA levels was detected due to the stress inevitably caused by the sampling procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beáta Marianna Kovács
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent Istvin University, H-1078 Budapest, István u. 2, Hungary.
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Segalés J, Vicente J, Luján L, Toussaint MJM, Gruys E, Gortázar C. Systemic AA-amyloidosis in a European Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) Suffering from Generalized Tuberculosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 52:135-7. [PMID: 15836445 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.2005.00703.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Summary An adult female wild boar (Sus scrofa) was found moribund in Cabaneros National Park (central Spain). The animal had a markedly emaciated carcass, with body weight of 25.9 kg. At necropsy, most of the parenchymatous organs had widespread variably sized granulomas. Generalized tuberculosis was confirmed by PCR detection of Mycobacterium bovis in the mandibular lymph node. Large amounts of a hyaline, pale eosinophilic material were observed in liver, kidney and intestine. Congo red staining and green birefringence identified amyloid, which was further classified as AA type based on immunohistochemical results. It is speculated that the abundant serum amyloid A derivatives deposited in the tissues as AA-amyloid may be associated with the generalized tuberculosis. This is the first report of amyloidosis in the European wild boar.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Segalés
- Departament de Sanitat i d'Anatomia Animal, Facultat de Veterinària, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
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14
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Ménsua C, Carrasco L, Bautista MJ, Biescas E, Fernández A, Murphy CL, Weiss DT, Solomon A, Luján L. Pathology of AA amyloidosis in domestic sheep and goats. Vet Pathol 2003; 40:71-80. [PMID: 12627715 DOI: 10.1354/vp.40-1-71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We describe the main pathologic changes in small ruminants affected by AA amyloidosis, together with the partial sequence of the protein involved. Twenty-one sheep and one goat were selected for presenting macroscopic kidney lesions compatible with systemic amyloidosis. Available tissue samples were studied by histologic, immunopathologic, and ultrastructural means. Renal lesions were characterized grossly by pale cortical surfaces with scattered, miliary, whitish-yellow foci and on cut cortical surfaces by straight, whitish-yellow striations. Gangrenous pneumonia was observed in 16 out of 21 affected sheep (76.2%), although other chronic inflammations were also observed. Amyloid was detected in all grossly affected kidneys using Congo red staining, lesions being most remarkable in glomeruli, affecting 95.5% of animals studied. Congophilic deposits were also observed in intertubular interstitium (68.2%) and medulla (57.1%). All amyloid-affected animals presented proximal convoluted tubule lesions, mostly characterized by an increase in diameter and by hyaline granular degeneration that were responsible for the macroscopic appearance of the kidney. Histologically, amyloid was also seen in blood vessels, spleen, liver, lymph nodes, gastrointestinal tract, and adrenal glands. All amyloid deposits demonstrated greenish-yellow birefringence with polarized light, and the antisera prepared against goat amyloid extracts specifically reacted with birefringent congophilic deposits of both sheep and goats. Ultrastructurally, these deposits were formed by masses of straight, nonbranching fibrils located predominantly in the basement membranes of glomerular capillaries and in the mesangium. Partial sequence of the protein in sheep and goats indicated a high degree of homology with the previously reported sequence of sheep Serum Amyloid A.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ménsua
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza, Spain
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15
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Dezutter NA, Landman WJ, Jager PL, de Groot TJ, Dupont PJ, Tooten PC, Zekarias B, Gruys E, Verbruggen AM. Evaluation of 99mTc-MAMA-chrysamine G as an in vivo probe for amyloidosis. Amyloid 2001; 8:202-14. [PMID: 11676297 DOI: 10.3109/13506120109007363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
To date, systemic amyloidosis is diagnosed histologically using Congo red staining or in vivo using iodine-123 labelled serum amyloid P component (123I-SAP) scintigraphy. We developed 99mTc-MAMA-CG, a 99mTc-labelled derivative of the lipophilic Congo red analogue chrysamine G (CG), as a possible alternative to 123I-SAP. In vivo 99mTc-MAMA-CG scintigraphy, performed in chickens with spontaneous joint amyloidosis, resulted as soon as 10 min after injection in scintigraphic images showing uptake of activity in amyloid-loaded organs (liver, joints). One of these chickens was studied also with 123I-SAP resulting in scintigraphic images revealing 123I-SAP binding to amyloid deposits in the liver. However, up to 11 h after injection no radioactivity was visible in the amyloid positive joints. In vitro autoradiography, performed on sections of chicken joints with Enterococcus faecalis induced amyloid arthropathy (chjAA), demonstrated the failure of 99mTc-MAMA-CG to bind significantly to amyloid deposits in the presence of 10 microM Congo red The specificity of 99mTc-MAMA-CG localisation was also established by the absence of 99mTc-MAMA-CG binding in non-amyloidotic organs in vitro and in vivo. 99mTc-MAMA-CG did not show any sign of acute toxicity. These findings establish the usefulness of 99mTc-MAMA-CG as a non-invasive in vivo diagnostic probe in chickens with amyloid arthropathy and suggest that it may also be applicable to human amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Dezutter
- Laboratory of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium
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