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Lin WH, Gebel M. Education tracking and adolescent smoking: a counterfactual and prospective cohort study. Addiction 2021; 116:1871-1881. [PMID: 33394526 DOI: 10.1111/add.15389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Adolescent smoking is a health issue and a potential health inequality issue. Education tracking, which is the placement of students into different school types and curricula based on their learning needs or abilities, is an indicator of inequality and risk factor of adolescent smoking. We examined the effect of educational tracking, dividing students into vocational and academic high school tracks, on adolescent smoking in Taiwan. DESIGN AND SETTING Longitudinal panel data, collected annually from 2000 over a period of 6 years as part of the Taiwan Youth project, were used. PARTICIPANTS Adolescents (aged 13-18 years) from the first six waves of the Taiwan Youth Project were included in the project, of whom 2147 had clear information on track attendance in 10th grade, control variables in 7th/8th grades and smoking behavior in 8th grade (before track placement). Post-track smoking behavior was measured at 10th, 11th and 12th grades. MEASUREMENTS The outcome variable was the self-reported smoking status in the 8th grade and between 10th and 12th grades. The treatment variable of interest was education tracking (vocational versus academic), which was conducted when the student was in 10th grade. Several important confounders were used for the difference-in-differences propensity score matching (e.g. parents' education and same classroom peer smoking). FINDINGS Placement of a student in the vocational track increased the proportion of smokers by 3.3 percentage points in 10th grade (P = 0.039). The effect was even more pronounced in 11th grade (6.2 percentage points; P = 0.000) and 12th grade (5.9 percentage points; P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Education tracking (placement of students into different school curricula based on learning needs or abilities) appears to be a risk factor for adolescent smoking among Taiwanese adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hsu Lin
- Institute of Health and Welfare Policy, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Michael Gebel
- Department of Sociology, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
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Lin YC, Su CT, Shiue HS, Chen WJ, Chen YH, Choy CS, Chiou HY, Han BC, Hsueh YM. The Methylation Capacity of Arsenic and Insulin Resistance are Associated with Psychological Characteristics in Children and Adolescents. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3094. [PMID: 28596567 PMCID: PMC5465070 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03084-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of the present study was to compare the influence of the methylation capacity of arsenic, as well as insulin resistance on psychological characteristics of school students from elementary and junior high school. 296 elementary and 318 junior high school students participated in health examinations, completed questionnaires and determined their concentrations of urinary arsenic species and psychological characteristics. Insulin resistance was determined by means of the Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). We found that HOMA-IR values were significantly related to increased score of the depression and anger after adjusted for age, gender, schools, father’s educational levels, mother’s educational levels, BMI, body fat, and urinary creatinine in all students. Anxiety scores and depression scores of junior high school children were significantly higher compared to elementary school children, but lower in disruptive behavior scores. HOMA-IR levels were significantly inversely related to self-concept scores in junior high school students. A greater urinary inorganic arsenic percentage (iAs%) was marginally significantly related to a higher depression score in junior high school students. This is the first study to show a relationship between HOMA-IR levels or urinary arsenic profiles and psychological distress in school students from elementary and junior high school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chin Lin
- Department of Family Medicine, Shung Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Health Examination, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Tien Su
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Sheng Shiue
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jen Chen
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Chen
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheuk-Sing Choy
- Emergency Department, Taipei Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yi Chiou
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Cheng Han
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Mei Hsueh
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Guo L, Xu Y, Deng J, He Y, Gao X, Li P, Wu H, Zhou J, Lu C. Non-medical use of prescription pain relievers among high school students in China: a multilevel analysis. BMJ Open 2015; 5:e007569. [PMID: 26169805 PMCID: PMC4513537 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-007569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Given the differences between general high school (GHS) and vocational high school (VHS) students, this study aimed to investigate the lifetime prevalence of non-medical use of prescription pain relievers (NMUPPR) among high school students as well as the associations between NMUPPR and individual-level factors and school category. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in GHS and VHS students in 2012 in Chongqing, and 11 906 students' questionnaires were completed and qualified for the survey. Self-reported NMUPPR and information regarding individual-level determinants and school category were collected. A multilevel multivariate logistic regression model was fitted to explore independent predictors of NMUPPR. RESULTS The total lifetime prevalence of NMUPPR was 11.3%, and NMUPPR was more prevalent among VHS students (15.8%) compared with GHS students (9.8%). Overall, the results indicated that VHS students were more likely to be involved in NMUPPR (adjusted OR (AOR)=1.64, 95% CI 1.42 to 1.89). Regarding the individual-level predictors of NMUPPR, below-average family economic status was negatively correlated with NMUPPR (AOR=0.77, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.98), and students with more pocket money were more likely to be engaged in NMUPPR. Students who had difficult family relationships, had poor relationships with teachers, had parents or friends who engaged in non-medical prescription drug use, and considered or attempted suicide were more likely to be engaged in NMUPPR. CONCLUSIONS NMUPPR among high school students is a multidetermined phenomenon. The current findings indicate that VHS students are an important subgroup of adolescents and highlight the need for additional research as well as targeted prevention and intervention programmes for NMUPPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Guo
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Center for ADR Monitoring of Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianxiong Deng
- Center for ADR Monitoring of Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan He
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Gao
- Center for ADR Monitoring of Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengsheng Li
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinhua Zhou
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ciyong Lu
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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