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Ling X, Fu Y, Lu Y, Wang B, Huang S, Ji X, Guo H. Individual behavioral and sporting risk factors affecting injuries in recreational skiers and snowboarders: a case-control study. Res Sports Med 2024; 32:479-490. [PMID: 36131593 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2022.2126778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
This case-control study aimed to analysis of the relationship between individual behaviours and sports risk factors and injuries among skiers and snowboarders. During the 2021-2022 winter season, 1132 injured and 1069 non-injured skiers and snowboarders were surveyed regarding demographic, self-reported individual behavioural and sporting characteristics. Multivariate regression analysis revealed previous snow-sports injury (OR: 26.39, 95% CI: 13.32-52.31, P < 0.001), nervousness (OR: 3.78, 95% CI: 2.91-4.90, P < 0.001), calm (OR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.46-2.48, P < 0.001) and fearful (OR: 20.60, 95% CI: 11.45-37.04, P < 0.001) emotional states, and higher risk-taking behaviours (OR: 3.72, 95% CI: 2.87-4.83, P < 0.001) were important risk factors associated with injuries to all skiers and snowboarders. Compared to snowboarders, the risk of injury to skiers was more likely to increase as the length of their skiing experience increases. Emotional and cognitive levels appear to be important conditions that influence injuries to skiers and snowboarders, a proper understanding of the potential interactions between cognition and behaviour appears to be important for public ski safety management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Ling
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yangbo Fu
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Lu
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sports and Physical Fitness of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Wang
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Shanjiang Huang
- Zhangjiakou Meteorological Observatory, Zhangjiakou Meteorological Bureau, Zhangjiakou City, China
| | - Xueshuai Ji
- Zhangjiakou Meteorological Observatory, Zhangjiakou Meteorological Bureau, Zhangjiakou City, China
| | - Hong Guo
- Zhangjiakou Meteorological Observatory, Zhangjiakou Meteorological Bureau, Zhangjiakou City, China
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Li Y, Su T, Hu Y, Jiao C, Guo Q, Jiang Y, Jiang D. Return to Sport After Anatomic Lateral Ankle Stabilization Surgery for Chronic Ankle Instability: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Am J Sports Med 2024; 52:555-566. [PMID: 37252803 DOI: 10.1177/03635465231170699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic lateral ankle instability that develops after ankle sprains has a severe, negative influence on the patient's lower extremity function. Anatomic repair or reconstruction of the lateral ankle ligament is an effective treatment for people with chronic lateral ankle instability who want to regain their preinjury levels of work and sport. PURPOSE To determine the rate of return to sport (RTS) and related factors after anatomic lateral ankle stabilization (ALAS) surgery. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS Electronic databases including Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and EBSCO Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Source were searched from the earliest feasible entrance until August 2021. Articles reporting the number of patients who returned to sport after ALAS surgery and analyzing the relevant factors were included. The results were combined using proportion meta-analyses. RESULTS A total of 25 publications were reviewed, with a total of 1384 participants. Results showed that 95% of patients (95% CI, 91%-99%) returned to any sport, 83% (95% CI, 73%-91%) returned to their preinjury level of sport, and 87% (95% CI, 71%-98%) returned to competitive sport after surgery. The mean time to RTS was 12.45 weeks (95% CI, 10.8-14.1 weeks). Each decade of age increased the likelihood of RTS failure by 6%, and increases in body mass index (BMI) of 5 kg/m2 raised the risk of RTS failure by 4%. The rate of RTS was higher in professional and competitive athletes (93%; 95% CI, 73%-100%) than in recreational athletes (83%; 95% CI, 76%-89%). Analysis showed no differences for arthroscopy versus open surgery, repair versus reconstruction, and early versus late weightbearing. CONCLUSION In most cases, patients may return to some kind of sport after ALAS surgery, and some patients RTS at their preinjury level. The relative risk of RTS failure increases according to the magnitude of the increase in age and BMI. Elite athletes are more likely to return compared with nonelite athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhang Li
- Department of Sports Medicine of Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Engineering Research Center of Sports Trauma Treatment Technology and Devices of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Su
- Department of Sports Medicine of Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Engineering Research Center of Sports Trauma Treatment Technology and Devices of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yuelin Hu
- Department of Sports Medicine of Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Engineering Research Center of Sports Trauma Treatment Technology and Devices of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Jiao
- Department of Sports Medicine of Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Engineering Research Center of Sports Trauma Treatment Technology and Devices of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Qinwei Guo
- Department of Sports Medicine of Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Engineering Research Center of Sports Trauma Treatment Technology and Devices of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfang Jiang
- Department of Sports Medicine of Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Engineering Research Center of Sports Trauma Treatment Technology and Devices of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Jiang
- Department of Sports Medicine of Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Engineering Research Center of Sports Trauma Treatment Technology and Devices of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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Dolan P, Kenny I, Glynn L, Campbell M, Warrington GD, Cahalan R, Harrison A, Lyons M, Comyns T. Risk factors for acute ankle sprains in field-based, team contact sports: a systematic review of prospective etiological studies. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2023; 51:517-530. [PMID: 35757862 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2022.2093618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review was to identify prospectively measured ankle sprain risk factors in field-based team contact sports. METHODS Eight databases including SPORTDiscus, CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE (EBSCO), Education Source, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and Pubmed were searched using specific Boolean terms. A modified-CASP diagnostic test assessed the quality of the included studies. Extensive data extraction included but was not limited to injury definition, protocols for injury diagnosis and recording, and outcomes associated with ankle sprain. RESULTS 4012 records were returned from the online search and 17 studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. Twelve different risk factors including anatomic alignment of the foot and ankle, joint laxity, height, mass, BMI (body mass index), age, ankle strength, hip strength, single leg landing performance (ground reaction force, pelvic internal rotation, and knee varus), and single leg reach were all found to be associated with ankle sprain incidence. Injury definitions and methods of diagnosis and recording varied across the 17 studies. CONCLUSION This review updates the literature on prospective risk factors for ankle sprain in a specific population rather than heterogeneous cohorts previously studied. From more than 20 categories of risk factors investigated for ankle sprain association across 17 studies in field-based team contact sports, 12 variables were found to be associated with increased incidence of ankle sprain. In order to reduce the risk of ankle sprain, BMI, ankle plantar and dorsiflexion strength, hip strength, and single leg landing performance should be factored in to athlete assessment and subsequent program design. More studies utilizing standardized definitions and methods of recording and reporting are needed. Future prospective etiological studies will allow strength and conditioning coaches, physiotherapists, and physicians to apply specific training principles to reduce the risk and occurrence of ankle sprain injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Dolan
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Ian Kenny
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Sport and Human Performance Research Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Liam Glynn
- School of Medicine, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- HRB Primary Care Clinical Trials Network Ireland, Ireland
| | - Mark Campbell
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Sport and Human Performance Research Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Lero, The Irish Software Research Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Giles D Warrington
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Sport and Human Performance Research Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Roisin Cahalan
- School of Allied Health, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Physical Activity for Health Research Cluster, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Andrew Harrison
- Sport and Human Performance Research Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Mark Lyons
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Sport and Human Performance Research Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Thomas Comyns
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Sport and Human Performance Research Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Ahmad-Shushami AH, A-Hamid MS, Khair MH, Ali MO. Impact of Previous Ankle Injuries on Professional Footballers' Preseason Functional Ankle Assessment. Malays Orthop J 2023; 17:73-79. [PMID: 38107353 PMCID: PMC10722998 DOI: 10.5704/moj.2311.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Football is the most popular sport and is widely played around the globe, with approximately 400 million players in 208 countries. Lower extremity injuries showed the highest incidence, with ankle injuries being the most prevalent after hip and knee injuries. The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics of the players who reported previous ankle injuries during pre-competition medical assessment (PCMA) during the 2022 seasons of the Malaysian professional club. In addition, the study also investigated the effect of previous injuries on current ankle function. Materials and methods This was a retrospective cross-sectional study using secondary data from the preseason PCMA data from a professional club that competed in Malaysia. The ankle range of motion, anterior drawer test, and functional ankle assessments including the Biodex athlete single leg stability test and ankle joint muscle strength were performed during the PCMA. Results A total of 45 footballers reported previous history of ankle injuries to the left (n=9), right (n=20), or both ankles (n=16). Footballers with prior ankle injuries exhibited significantly less ankle inversion (p = 0.008) and a larger proportion of positive ADT tests in the injured ankle (x2(1, N=90) =7.76, p=0.005) compared to the non-injured side. there was no significant difference in other ankle range of motion, ankle stability index, or ankle muscular strength between previously injured and uninjured ankles. Conclusions During preseason screening, half of the footballers in this study reported previous history of ankle injury, putting them at risk of having future ankle injuries. Aside from inversion and the anterior drawer test, no significant differences in range of motion, stability index, or muscle strength were discovered. However, as injury causation is multifactorial, preventive measures should be taken to reduce the risk of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Ahmad-Shushami
- Department of Sports Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M S A-Hamid
- Department of Sports Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M H Khair
- Department of Sports Medicine and Sports Science, Selangor Football Club, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - M O Ali
- Department of Sports Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Bi W, Yang M, Jiang C. Causal effect of body mass index and physical activity on the risk of joint sports injuries: Mendelian randomization analysis in the European population. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:676. [PMID: 37700350 PMCID: PMC10496185 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-04172-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies can suggest potential associations between variables but cannot establish a causal effect on their own. This study explored the causal associations between body mass index (BMI), physical activity (PA), and joint sports injuries. METHODS We conducted two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) using publicly accessed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) datasets to investigate the causal effects of BMI and PA on joint sports injury risk. The inverse-variance weighted method was believed to be the primary MR analysis. Subsequently, sensitivity, pleiotropy, and heterogeneity analyses were employed to estimate the reliability of the results of the current research. RESULTS Genetically predicted increased BMI was causally related to the higher sports injury risk of the ankle-foot (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.09-1.37, p = 4.20E-04), knee (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.21-1.43, p = 1.57E-11), and shoulder (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.08-1.40, p = 1.28E-03). Further, the mentioned effects were validated using another set of GWAS data on BMI. Similar causal linkages were exhibited between increased BMI and the growing risk of sports injuries of the ankle-foot (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.13-1.60, p = 9.51E-04), knee (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.09-1.45, p = 1.63E-03), and shoulder (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.09-1.67, p = 5.66E-03). Additionally, accelerometer-based PA measurement (overall average acceleration) (AccAve) was negatively related to sports injuries of the ankle-foot (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.87-0.99, p = 0.046) and lumbar spine (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.51-0.92, p = 0.012). Furthermore, we verified that the effect of AccAve on the risk of injury at the ankle-foot still had statistical significance after adjusting BMI. Results were verified as reliable under all sensitive analyses. CONCLUSIONS This research determined that a higher BMI could raise the sports injury risk of the ankle-foot, knee, and shoulder, while an overall average acceleration PA could reduce the injury risk of the ankle-foot and lumbar spine. These conclusions contribute to a greater knowledge of the roles of BMI and PA in the mechanism of joint sports injuries and offer several suggestions for patients and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Bi
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengyue Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Changqing Jiang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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6
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Desai SS, Dent CS, El-Najjar DB, Swindell HW, Popkin CA. Musculoskeletal Injury in American Football: A Bibliometric Analysis of the Most Cited Articles. Orthop J Sports Med 2023; 11:23259671231168875. [PMID: 37359978 PMCID: PMC10286201 DOI: 10.1177/23259671231168875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Textbook knowledge and clinical dogma are often insufficient for effective evidence-based decision making when treating musculoskeletal injuries in American football players, given the variability in presentation and outcomes across different sports and different levels of competition. Key evidence can be drawn directly from high-quality published articles to make the appropriate decisions and recommendations for each athlete's unique situation. Purpose To identify and analyze the 50 most cited articles related to football-related musculoskeletal injury to provide an efficient tool in the arsenal of trainees, researchers, and evidence-based practitioners alike. Study Design Cross-sectional study. Methods The ISI Web of Science and SCOPUS databases were queried for articles pertaining to musculoskeletal injury in American football. For each of the top 50 most cited articles, bibliometric elements were evaluated: citation count and density, decade of publication, journal, country, multiple publications by the same first author or senior author, article content (topic, injury area), and level of evidence (LOE). Results The mean ± SD number of citations was 102.76 ± 37.11; the most cited article, with 227 citations, was "Syndesmotic Ankle Sprains" published in 1991 by Boytim et al. Several authors served as a first or senior author on >1 publication, including J.S. Torg (n = 6), J.P. Bradley (n = 4), and J.W. Powell (n = 4). The American Journal of Sports Medicine published the majority of the 50 most cited articles (n = 31). A total of 29 articles discussed lower extremity injuries, while only 4 discussed upper extremity injuries. The majority of the articles (n = 28) had an LOE of 4, with only 1 article having an LOE of 1. The articles with an LOE of 3 had the highest mean citation number (133.67 ± 55.23; F = 4.02; P = .05). Conclusion The results of this study highlight the need for more prospective research surrounding the management of football-related injury. The low overall number of articles on upper extremity injury (n = 4) also highlights an area for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohil S. Desai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Craig S. Dent
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Dany B. El-Najjar
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hasani W. Swindell
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Charles A. Popkin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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Leckie I, Thomas L, Weiler R. Rehabilitation of a lateral ankle reconstruction in a male professional football player - A narrative case report. Phys Ther Sport 2023; 62:32-38. [PMID: 37300971 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lateral ankle sprains involving the ATFL and CFL are common injuries in football with a high recurrence rate. There is a lack of research to guide post-operative rehabilitation of football players following lateral ligament ankle reconstructive surgery. This narrative case report discusses the management of a lateral ligament reconstruction in a male professional football player. METHODS A 25-year-old professional footballer underwent a lateral ankle reconstruction following recurrent lateral ankle sprains leading to an unstable ankle. RESULTS Following 11-weeks of rehabilitation the player was cleared to return to full-contact training. The player competed in his first competitive match 13-weeks post-injury and completed a 6-month full-training block, without episodes of pain or instability. CONCLUSION This case report illustrates the rehabilitation process of a football player following a lateral ankle ligament reconstruction within a timeframe expected in elite sport.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Richard Weiler
- University Medical Centres, Netherlands; University College London, Instistute Sport, Exercise and Health, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, United Kingdom; Fortius Clinic London, United Kingdom
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McGowen JM, Hoppes CW, Forsse JS, Albin SR, Abt J, Koppenhaver SL. The Utility of Myotonometry in Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation and Human Performance Programming. J Athl Train 2023; 58:305-318. [PMID: 37418563 DOI: 10.4085/616.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Myotonometry is a relatively novel method used to quantify the biomechanical and viscoelastic properties (stiffness, compliance, tone, elasticity, creep, and mechanical relaxation) of palpable musculotendinous structures with portable mechanical devices called myotonometers. Myotonometers obtain these measures by recording the magnitude of radial tissue deformation that occurs in response to the amount of force that is perpendicularly applied to the tissue through a device's probe. Myotonometric parameters such as stiffness and compliance have repeatedly demonstrated strong correlations with force production and muscle activation. Paradoxically, individual muscle stiffness measures have been associated with both superior athletic performance and a higher incidence of injury. This indicates optimal stiffness levels may promote athletic performance, whereas too much or too little may lead to an increased risk of injury. Authors of numerous studies suggested that myotonometry may assist practitioners in the development of performance and rehabilitation programs that improve athletic performance, mitigate injury risk, guide therapeutic interventions, and optimize return-to-activity decision-making. Thus, the purpose of our narrative review was to summarize the potential utility of myotonometry as a clinical tool that assists musculoskeletal clinicians with the diagnosis, rehabilitation, and prevention of athletic injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared M McGowen
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX
- US Army Medical Professional Training Brigade, San Antonio, TX
| | - Carrie W Hoppes
- Army-Baylor University Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, San Antonio, TX
| | - Jeff S Forsse
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX
| | | | - John Abt
- Children's Health Andrews Institute for Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Plano, TX
| | - Shane L Koppenhaver
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX
- Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, Baylor University, Waco, TX
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Proprioceptive exercises and their role in improving static and dynamic joint stability in ankle sprains in handball players. Sci Sports 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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10
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Mason J, Kniewasser C, Hollander K, Zech A. Intrinsic Risk Factors for Ankle Sprain Differ Between Male and Female Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2022; 8:139. [DOI: 10.1186/s40798-022-00530-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Ankle sprains remain prevalent across most team sports. However, despite divergent ankle sprain injury rates in male and female athletes, little is known about potential sex-specific risk factors for ankle sprain.
Objective
To systematically investigate the sex-specific risk factors for ankle sprain.
Methods
Combinations of the key terms were entered into PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library databases, and prospective studies reporting ankle sprain risk factors in males or females were included for meta-analysis.
Results
Sixteen studies were eligible for inclusion, for a total of 3636 athletes (735 female) and 576 ankle sprains (117 female). Out of 21 prognostic factors, previous ankle sprain injury (odds ratio = 2.74, P < .001), higher body mass index (SMD = 0.50, P < 0.001), higher weight (SMD = 0.24, P = 0.02), lower isometric hip abduction strength (SMD = − 0.52, P < 0.0001) and lower dynamic balance performance (SMD = − 0.48 to − 0.22, P < 0.001–0.04) were identified as risk factors in male athletes. In female athletes, out of 18 factors eligible for meta-analysis, only lower concentric dorsiflexion strength was identified as a risk factor (SMD = − 0.48, P = 0.005).
Conclusion
This meta-analysis provides novel evidence for different risk factor profiles for ankle sprain injuries between female and male athletes. Further studies, particularly in female athletes, are needed to strengthen the evidence.
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Adiposity as a Risk Factor for Sport Injury in Youth: A Systematic Review. Clin J Sport Med 2022; 32:418-426. [PMID: 33797475 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000000927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether high or low adiposity is associated with youth sport-related injury. DATA SOURCES Ten electronic databases were searched to identify prospective studies examining the association between adiposity [body mass index (BMI) or body fat] and a future time-loss or medical attention sport-related musculoskeletal injury or concussion in youth aged 20 years and younger. Two independent raters assessed the quality (Downs and Black criteria) and risk of bias (Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool). Random-effects meta-analyses were used to calculate pooled odds ratio [95% confidence interval (CI)] of injury. MAIN RESULTS Of 11 424 potentially relevant records, 38 articles were included with 17 eligible for meta-analyses. In qualitative synthesis, no clear association was identified between adiposity and any sport injury; however, 16/22 studies identified high adiposity as a significant risk factor for lower-extremity injury. Meta-analyses revealed higher BMI in youth with any sport-related injury and lower BMI in youth who developed a bone stress injury (BSI) compared with noninjured controls. The pooled OR (95% CI) examining the association of BMI and injury risk (excluding bone injury) was 1.18 (95% CI: 1.03-1.34). A major source of bias in included articles was inconsistent adjustment for age, sex, and physical activity participation. CONCLUSIONS Level 2b evidence suggests that high BMI is associated with greater risk of youth sport injury, particularly lower-extremity injury and excluding BSI or fracture. Although pooled mean differences were low, anthropometric risk of injury seems to be dependent on type and site of injury in youth sport.
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Lin CI, Mayer F, Wippert PM. The prevalence of chronic ankle instability in basketball athletes: a cross-sectional study. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2022; 14:27. [PMID: 35180889 PMCID: PMC8857785 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-022-00418-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Ankle sprain is the most common injury in basketball. Chronic ankle instability develops from an acute ankle sprain may cause negative effects on quality of life, ankle functionality or on increasing risk for recurrent ankle sprains and post-traumatic osteoarthritis. To facilitate a preventative strategy of chronic ankle instability (CAI) in the basketball population, gathering epidemiological data is essential. However, the epidemiological data of CAI in basketball is limited. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the prevalence of CAI in basketball athletes and to determine whether gender, competitive level, and basketball playing position influence this prevalence.
Methods In a cross-sectional study, in total 391 Taiwanese basketball athletes from universities and sports clubs participated. Besides non-standardized questions about demographics and their history of ankle sprains, participants further filled out the standard Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool applied to determine the presence of ankle instability. Questionnaires from 255 collegiate and 133 semi-professional basketball athletes (male = 243, female = 145, 22.3 ± 3.8 years, 23.3 ± 2.2 kg/m2) were analyzed. Differences in prevalence between gender, competitive level and playing position were determined using the Chi-square test. Results In the surveyed cohort, 26% had unilateral CAI while 50% of them had bilateral CAI. Women had a higher prevalence than men in the whole surveyed cohort (X2(1) = 0.515, p = 0.003). This gender disparity also showed from sub-analyses, that the collegiate female athletes had a higher prevalence than collegiate men athletes (X2(1) = 0.203, p = 0.001). Prevalence showed no difference between competitive levels (p > 0.05) and among playing positions (p > 0.05). Conclusions CAI is highly prevalent in the basketball population. Gender affects the prevalence of CAI. Regardless of the competitive level and playing position the prevalence of CAI is similar. The characteristic of basketball contributes to the high prevalence. Prevention of CAI should be a focus in basketball. When applying the CAI prevention measures, gender should be taken into consideration. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13102-022-00418-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-I Lin
- Medical Sociology and Psychobiology, Department of Physical Activity and Health, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469, Potsdam, Germany. .,University Outpatient Clinic, Centre of Sports Medicine, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Frank Mayer
- University Outpatient Clinic, Centre of Sports Medicine, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469, Potsdam, Germany.,Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg [Joint Faculty of the University of Potsdam, the Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus - Senftenberg], Potsdam, Germany
| | - Pia-Maria Wippert
- Medical Sociology and Psychobiology, Department of Physical Activity and Health, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469, Potsdam, Germany.,University Outpatient Clinic, Centre of Sports Medicine, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
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13
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Zhao Dubuc Y, Mazzone B, Yoder AJ, Esposito ER, Kang TH, Loh KJ, Farrokhi S. Ankle Sprain Bracing Solutions and Future Design Consideration for Civilian and Military Use. Expert Rev Med Devices 2022; 19:113-122. [PMID: 35130797 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2022.2039622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ankle sprains are common injuries within the civilian and military populations, with lingering symptoms that include pain, swelling, giving-way, and a high likelihood for recurrence. Numerous bracing systems are available to stabilize the ankle joint following sprains, with new design iterations frequently entering the market. Currently available braces generally include sleeve, lace-up, and stirrup designs. Sleeves provide mild compression and warmth but limited stability for the ankle, while lace-ups and stirrups appear to be more effective at preventing and treating lateral ankle sprains. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the use of various brace options in practice. Their major clinical benefits, and limitations are highlighted, followed by an overview of emerging concepts in brace design. Current advancements in biomechanical simulation, multifunctional material fabrication, and wearable, field-deployed devices for human injury surveillance are discussed, providing possibilities for conceiving new design concepts for next-generation smart ankle braces. EXPERT OPINION Performance of the commercially available braces are limited by their current design concepts. Suggestions on future brace design include: (1) incorporating high-performance materials suitable for extreme environments, (2) leveraging modeling and simulation techniques to predict mechanical support requirements, and (3) implementing adaptive, customizable componentry material to meet the needs of each unique patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjun Zhao Dubuc
- Applied Research Laboratories, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
| | - Brittney Mazzone
- DoD-VA Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence (EACE), Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, USA.,Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Adam J Yoder
- DoD-VA Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence (EACE), Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, USA.,Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Elizabeth Russell Esposito
- DoD-VA Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence (EACE), Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, USA.,Center for Limb Loss and MoBility (CLiMB), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tae Hoon Kang
- Department of Nano Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth J Loh
- Department of Structural Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shawn Farrokhi
- DoD-VA Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence (EACE), Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, USA.,Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, USA.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD
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14
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Pfeifer CE, Sacko RS, Ortaglia A, Monsma EV, Beattie PF, Goins J, Stodden DF. Fit to Play? Health-Related Fitness Levels of Youth Athletes: A Pilot Study. J Strength Cond Res 2022; 36:245-251. [PMID: 31809462 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Pfeifer, CE, Sacko, RS, Ortaglia, A, Monsma, EV, Beattie, PF, Goins, J, and Stodden, DF. Fit to play? Health-related fitness levels of youth athletes: A pilot study. J Strength Cond Res 36(1): 245-251, 2022-A recent National Strength and Conditioning Association position statement suggests that many youth are not prepared for the physical demands of sport. The purpose of this study was to compare health-related fitness (HRF) of youth athletes with normative findings from the general population. We recruited 136 athletes (63 male and 73 female athletes) aged 11-19 (16.01 ± 1.35) years and collected HRF (body composition, cardiorespiratory endurance, musculoskeletal strength and endurance). Results were categorized based on FITNESSGRAM® standards and compared with Canadian youth general population normative data. Most male athletes were classified as "needs improvement" for cardiorespiratory and muscular endurance, and body mass index (BMI). Conversely, most female athletes were at or above the "healthy fitness zone" for all measures. Male athletes at both age groups (11-14, 15-19; p < 0.001) and female athletes aged 11-14 (p < 0.05) demonstrated lower cardiorespiratory endurance compared with Canadian general population. Female athletes (both age groups) demonstrated greater muscular strength, and male athletes (age, 15-19 years) demonstrated lower BMI than the Canadian general population. The results are concerning as male athletes demonstrated poorer HRF compared with the general population. Although most female athletes were within healthy ranges, a portion of them were still at risk. Considering the demands sport places on the body, evaluating HRF is paramount for performance and injury prevention but more importantly for overall health. Youth sport and strength coaches should evaluate and aim to enhance HRF, as participation in sport does not guarantee adequate HRF. Promoting long-term athletic development and life-long health should be a priority in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig E Pfeifer
- Applied Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Gloucestershire, Gloucester, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan S Sacko
- Department of Health and Human Performance, The Citadel, Charleston, South Carolina
| | | | - Eva V Monsma
- Department of Physical Education, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | | | | | - David F Stodden
- Department of Physical Education, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
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15
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Hip Flexibility and Dynamic Balance Ability in Soccer Players with Functional Ankle Instability. TRAUMA CARE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/traumacare1030018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevention of recurrent ankle sprain and functional ankle instability in soccer players is essential. This study clarified hip joint mobility and dynamic balance ability in soccer players with functional ankle instability. This case–control study included 17 male college soccer players. All participants were assessed using the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool and were divided into chronic ankle instability (CAI) and non-CAI groups for each of their dominant and nondominant legs. Bilateral passive hip range of motion (ROM) was assessed and the modified Star Excursion Balance Test (mSEBT) was measured for each leg. In the dominant leg, the reach in the posterolateral direction in the CAI group was significantly less than that in the non-CAI group. Hip internal rotation angles in the dominant leg in the CAI group were greater than those in the non-CAI group; however, no significant correlations with the three directions of mSEBT were observed. In the nondominant leg, mSEBT and hip ROMs did not show any significant differences between groups. The dominant leg in soccer players with CAI had poor dynamic balance ability while reaching posterolaterally. However, acquiring hip flexibility may not be necessary to improve the dynamic balance ability. These findings may help develop future research.
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16
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Pourgharib Shahi MH, Selk Ghaffari M, Mansournia MA, Halabchi F. Risk Factors Influencing the Incidence of Ankle Sprain Among Elite Football and Basketball Players: A Prospective Study. Foot Ankle Spec 2021; 14:482-488. [PMID: 32463306 DOI: 10.1177/1938640020921251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether certain intrinsic factors (foot hyperpronation, generalized joint laxity) and clinical tests (anterior drawer and talar tilt tests, single-leg balance test and star excursion balance test, ankle and first metatarsophalangeal range of motion) could predict the incidence of lateral ankle sprains among elite football and basketball players during a full year. Method. In a prospective cohort study, 106 elite basketball and football players were recruited. During the preseason period, players underwent baseline measurements. Team physicians in following year reported occurrence of new ankle sprains. Results. Ankle sprain was more frequent among basketball players (P = .01). The history of recurrent (P = .001) and acute ankle sprain (P = .01) and each 5-year increase in age (P = .039) were predictive factors for ankle sprain. No evidence for relationship between other risk factors and occurrence of ankle sprain were achieved. Conclusion. In our study, the history of recurrent and acute ankle sprain was the strongest predictor for ankle injuries. Considering the limitations of this study, it seems mandatory to conduct more prospective studies with a larger sample size and longer follow-up period.Levels of Evidence: Level II: Prognostic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hosein Pourgharib Shahi
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (MHPS, MSG).,Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (MHPS).,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (MAM).,Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (FH)
| | - Maryam Selk Ghaffari
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (MHPS, MSG).,Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (MHPS).,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (MAM).,Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (FH)
| | - Mohammad Ali Mansournia
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (MHPS, MSG).,Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (MHPS).,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (MAM).,Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (FH)
| | - Farzin Halabchi
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (MHPS, MSG).,Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (MHPS).,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (MAM).,Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (FH)
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17
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Jennings D, Reaves SK, Sklar J, Brown C, McPhee J, Hazelwood SJ, Klisch SM. Baseball Pitching Arm 3-D Inertial Parameter Calculations from Body Composition Imaging and a Novel Overweight Measure for Youth Pitching Arm Kinetics. J Biomech Eng 2021; 144:1122988. [PMID: 34729604 DOI: 10.1115/1.4052890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Many baseball pitching studies have used inverse dynamics to assess throwing arm kinetics as high and repetitive kinetics are thought to be linked to pitching injuries. However, prior studies have not used participant-specific body segment inertial parameters (BSIPs) which are thought to improve analysis of high-acceleration motions and overweight participants. This study's objectives were to 1) calculate participant-specific BSIPs using DXA measures, 2) compare inverse dynamic calculations of kinetics determined by DXA-calculated BSIPs (full DXA-driven inverse dynamics) against kinetics using the standard inverse dynamics approach with scaled BSIPs (scaled inverse dynamics), and 3) examine associations between full DXA-driven kinetics and overweight indices: body mass index (BMI) and segment mass index (SMI). Eighteen participants (10-11 years old) threw 10 fastballs that were recorded for motion analysis. DXA scans were used to calculate participant-specific BSIPs (mass, center of mass, radii of gyration) for each pitching arm segment (upper arm, forearm, hand), BMI, and SMI. The hypotheses were addressed with t-tests and linear regression analyses. The major results were that 1) DXA-calculated BSIPs differed from scaled BSIPs for each pitching arm segment, 2) calculations for shoulder, but not elbow, kinetics differed between the full DXA-driven and scaled inverse dynamics analyses, and 3) full DXA-driven inverse dynamics calculations for shoulder kinetics were more strongly associated with SMI than with BMI. Results suggest that using participant-specific BSIPs and pitching arm SMIs may improve evidence-based injury prevention guidelines for youth pitchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalton Jennings
- Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Scott K Reaves
- Food Science & Nutrition, College of Agriculture, Food, and Environmental Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Jeff Sklar
- Statistics, College of Science and Mathematics, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Colin Brown
- Systems Design Engineering, Waterloo Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - John McPhee
- Systems Design Engineering, Waterloo Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Scott J Hazelwood
- Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA; Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Stephen M Klisch
- Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA; Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
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18
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Khalaj N, Vicenzino B, Smith MD. Hip and knee muscle torque is not impaired in the first three months of a first-time lateral ankle sprain. Phys Ther Sport 2021; 53:1-6. [PMID: 34763241 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The primary objective was to compare hip and knee isometric muscle strength between individuals with a first-time acute lateral ankle sprain and controls. A secondary objective was to investigate hip and knee isometric muscle strength three months post-injury. DESIGN Cross-sectional and prospective follow-up components. SETTING Laboratory environment. PARTICIPANTS Forty-two participants (21 acute lateral ankle sprain and 21 controls) matched for age, sex, physical activity and leg dominance participated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Hip and knee isometric muscle torque was assessed using a rigidly fixated hand-held dynamometer. Testing in acute lateral ankle sprain participants was performed within four weeks of injury and three months post-injury. Controls were tested at one timepoint. RESULTS There were no differences in hip or knee isometric muscle torque between acute lateral ankle sprain and control participants (mean differences <0.08). Hip and knee isometric muscle torque in acute ankle sprain participants did not differ between baseline and three months post-injury testing (mean difference <0.06). CONCLUSIONS Proximal lower limb isometric strength is not impaired within the first three months of sustaining a first-time lateral ankle sprain injury. This implies that hip and knee isometric strength deficits in individuals with CAI may occur at some later stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Khalaj
- The University of Queensland, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Bill Vicenzino
- The University of Queensland, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Michelle D Smith
- The University of Queensland, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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19
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Gianakos AL, Kennedy JG. Techniques in Orthopedics: Ankle Instability Chapter. OPER TECHN SPORT MED 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.otsm.2021.150853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Wikstrom EA, Cain MS, Chandran A, Song K, Regan T, Migel K, Kerr ZY. Lateral Ankle Sprain and Subsequent Ankle Sprain Risk: A Systematic Review. J Athl Train 2021; 56:578-585. [PMID: 34375983 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-168-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the evidence regarding the association between lateral ankle sprain (LAS) history and the subsequent LAS risk, as well as sex differences in the observed associations. DATA SOURCES PubMed, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus were searched through July 2020 for articles on LAS history and incidence during the study period. STUDY SELECTION Studies were included if they were prospective in nature and the authors reported the number of participants with and those without a history of LAS at study initiation as well as the number of participants in each group who sustained an LAS during the investigation. DATA EXTRACTION Data were study design parameters as well as the number of participants with and those without an LAS history and the number of subsequent LASs that occurred in both groups. Risk ratios (RRs) with 95% CIs compared the risk of LAS during the study period between those with and those without an LAS history for each investigation. DATA SYNTHESIS A total of 19 studies involving 6567 patients were included. The follow-up periods ranged from 14 weeks to 2 years. Assessment scores indicated the studies were of moderate to high quality. A significantly higher risk of LAS during the study period was observed among those with a history of LAS in 10 of 15 studies (RR range = 1.29-6.06). Similar associations were seen in 4 of 6 studies of all-male samples (RR range = 1.38-8.65) and 1 of 4 studies with an all-female sample (RR = 4.28). CONCLUSIONS Strong evidence indicates that a previous LAS increased the risk of a subsequent LAS injury. Men with a history of LAS appeared to be at a higher risk of sustaining a subsequent LAS, but women were not. However, further data are needed to draw definitive conclusions from the limited number of sex-specific studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Avinash Chandran
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Indianapolis, IN
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21
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Onan D, Ulger O. Investigating the Relationship between Body Mass Index and Pain in the Spine in Children or Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Child Obes 2021; 17:86-99. [PMID: 33570458 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2020.0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Neck pain (NP), back pain (BP), and low back pain (LBP) are generally defined as "pain in the spine." With the increasing prevalence of childhood obesity, secondary problems such as pain in the spine have arisen. The purpose of this review was to investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and pain in the spine in children or adolescents. Methods: Publications were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases up to December 12, 2020. The search strategy in the database consisted of free text words and MeSH terms. Results: Twelve studies were reviewed. It was determined that different methods were used in all 12 studies to evaluate pain. In the evaluation of overweight/obesity, these studies performed BMI assessment by dividing body weight in kilograms by height squared. Five studies showed a relationship between LBP and BMI, two studies showed a relationship between BP and BMI, and two studies showed a relationship between NP and BMI. Conclusions: The review shows that there is a relationship between BMI and pain in the spine, especially LBP. There may be factors affecting this condition such as mechanical loading and hormonal metabolic activity in childhood and adolescence. Different methods are used in the studies in literature for the assessment pain in the spine and BMI, overweight, and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilara Onan
- Back and Neck Health Unit, Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Ulger
- Back and Neck Health Unit, Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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22
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Wagemans J, Kuppens K, Peeters G, Baert I. There is a difference in functional ankle stability between different types of footwear in male athletes: A cross-sectional study. Foot (Edinb) 2021; 46:101764. [PMID: 33279791 DOI: 10.1016/j.foot.2020.101764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Lateral ankle sprains (LAS) are among the most common injuries in sports, with a poor long - term prognosis due to high chronicity and recurrence rates. Chronic ankle instability (CAI) results up to 40% of people that endured a first - time LAS. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare ankle stability between groups characterised by the use of different types of footwear during their sport activities. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Firm training surface, local sport clubs. PARTICIPANTS Fifty - one male subjects were recruited, distributed in four groups based on the type of footwear they use during their sport activities. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES All subjects performed four clinical ankle stability tests, and completed the Dutch version of the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) and Profile of Mood States (POMS). All clinical ankle stability tests were performed barefoot. RESULTS Subjects performing their sport activities barefoot scored better than subjects performing their sport with shoes at the multiple hop test (p=.002 to .047) and executed the figure-of-8 hop test significantly faster than subjects with submalleolar ankle support (AS) (p=.019). Subjects with submalleolar AS and studs showed significantly better results than subjects with supramalleolar AS on the CAIT- score (p=.024, p=.030) and the side- hop test (p=.050, p=.045). They also scored significantly better than subjects with submalleolar AS for the side - hop test (p=.032), foot - lift test (p=.019) and figure-of 8 hop test (p=.011). CONCLUSION Barefoot sports performing subjects appear to have better ankle stability compared to subjects performing their sports with shoe support. Subjects performing sports with high AS appear to have worst ankle stability. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, Cross-sectional study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jente Wagemans
- Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Kevin Kuppens
- Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Departments of Human Physiology and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; MOVANT research group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium(1)
| | - Greta Peeters
- Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; MOVANT research group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium(1)
| | - Isabel Baert
- Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; MOVANT research group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium(1)
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23
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Locquet M, Benhotman B, Bornheim S, Van Beveren J, D'Hooghe P, Bruyère O, Kaux JF. The "Ankle Instability Instrument": Cross-cultural adaptation and validation in French. Foot Ankle Surg 2021; 27:70-76. [PMID: 32088168 DOI: 10.1016/j.fas.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional ankle instability affects 20-40% of individuals who have already suffered from a sprain. Such dysfunctions are difficult to diagnose. Therefore, the information provided by self-administered questionnaires is essential. Thus, the Ankle Instability Instrument (AII) was developed and initially validated in English. Our goal is to create a French version of the instrument, named AII-F, by scrupulously respecting the cultural adaptation phases and to make sure the new instrument has good psychometric properties. METHODS International recommendations have been rigorously followed for the cultural adaptation and the French-translation phase. Six steps are recommended: I) two initial translations from English to French; II) synthesis of the two versions; III) back-translations from French to English; IV) comparisons between the back-translations and the original questionnaire by the expert committee; V) pretest; and VI) approval of the final French version of the AII. In order to validate this French-translation, 91 subjects suffering from ankle instability matched to 91 healthy subjects were asked to complete the AII-F. The Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) was used as a comparative questionnaire as well as the French Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT-F). The psychometric properties of the questionnaire were evaluated by determining the test-retest reliability after a 10-14-day interval, the internal consistency, construct validity, and the floor/ceiling effects. RESULTS The French-translation did not pose a problem and could be validated by the expert committee. The AII-F showed a very good test-retest reliability for the total score, with an Intra Class Coefficient of 0.983. The internal coherence is high with an alpha coefficient of Cronbach of 0.861. The association of the AII-F with the CAIT-F was high, for the summary of the physical component of the SF-36, meaning a great convergent validity. The other subscales of the SF-36 (mental health) were weakly correlated with the AII-F, reflecting good divergent validity. An optimal cut-off score was obtained to dissociate pathological patients from healthy subjects: when the subject responded to "yes" 5 times or more, he is considered, with a very high degree of confidence, to be pathological. CONCLUSION The AII-F is reliable and valid for evaluating and measuring functional ankle instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Médéa Locquet
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology & Health Economics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Bilel Benhotman
- Department of Sport and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Stephen Bornheim
- Department of Sport and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium; Department of Physical Medicine & of Sports Traumatology, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellents, IOC Research Centre for Prevention of Injury and Protection of Athlete Health, FIMS Collaboration Centre of Sports Medicine, University and University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Pieter D'Hooghe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Aspire Zone - PO Box: 29222, Doha, Qatar
| | - Olivier Bruyère
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology & Health Economics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-François Kaux
- Department of Sport and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium; Department of Physical Medicine & of Sports Traumatology, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellents, IOC Research Centre for Prevention of Injury and Protection of Athlete Health, FIMS Collaboration Centre of Sports Medicine, University and University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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24
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Halabchi F, Hassabi M. Acute ankle sprain in athletes: Clinical aspects and algorithmic approach. World J Orthop 2020; 11:534-558. [PMID: 33362991 PMCID: PMC7745493 DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v11.i12.534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute ankle sprain is the most common lower limb injury in athletes and accounts for 16%-40% of all sports-related injuries. It is especially common in basketball, American football, and soccer. The majority of sprains affect the lateral ligaments, particularly the anterior talofibular ligament. Despite its high prevalence, a high proportion of patients experience persistent residual symptoms and injury recurrence. A detailed history and proper physical examination are diagnostic cornerstones. Imaging is not indicated for the majority of ankle sprain cases and should be requested according to the Ottawa ankle rules. Several interventions have been recommended in the management of acute ankle sprains including rest, ice, compression, and elevation, analgesic and anti-inflammatory medications, bracing and immobilization, early weight-bearing and walking aids, foot orthoses, manual therapy, exercise therapy, electrophysical modalities and surgery (only in selected refractory cases). Among these interventions, exercise and bracing have been recommended with a higher level of evidence and should be incorporated in the rehabilitation process. An exercise program should be comprehensive and progressive including the range of motion, stretching, strengthening, neuromuscular, proprioceptive, and sport-specific exercises. Decision-making regarding return to the sport in athletes may be challenging and a sports physician should determine this based on the self-reported variables, manual tests for stability, and functional performance testing. There are some common myths and mistakes in the management of ankle sprains, which all clinicians should be aware of and avoid. These include excessive imaging, unwarranted non-weight-bearing, unjustified immobilization, delay in functional movements, and inadequate rehabilitation. The application of an evidence-based algorithmic approach considering the individual characteristics is helpful and should be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzin Halabchi
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassabi
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19979-64151, Iran
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Saki F, Yalfani A, Fousekis K, Sodejani SH, Ramezani F. Anatomical risk factors of lateral ankle sprain in adolescent athletes: A prospective cohort study. Phys Ther Sport 2020; 48:26-34. [PMID: 33352395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to identify prospectively the anatomical and functional intrinsic risk factors for lateral ankle sprain (LAS) in adolescent athletes participating in team sports. DESIGN A prospective cohort study. SETTING University research laboratory. PARTICIPANTS A total of 152 adolescent male athletes (age: 14.45 ± 2.96 years; height: 165.63 ± 15.33 cm; weight: 55.60 ± 16.56 kg; body mass index: 19.97 ± 3.58 kg/m2) participated in this study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The participants were assessed during the preseason for previous ankle sprain history, navicular drop, tibia vara, Q angle, tibia torsion, knee recurvatum, and ankle ROM. LASs were prospectively recorded and diagnosed for two consecutive seasons (20 months). RESULTS Previous ankle sprain history (odds ratio [OR] = 60.911, p < 0.001), increased navicular drop (OR = 1.767, p < 0.001), and knee recurvatum (OR = 1.881, p = 0.002) were positively associated with the incidence of LAS. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses revealed the predictive potentials of previous ankle sprain history (the area under the ROC [AUROC] = 0.706, p < 0.001), navicular drop (AUROC = 0.906, p < 0.001), and knee recurvatum (AUROC = 0.724, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Athletes with previous ankle sprain history, knee recurvatum, and especially navicular drop may have a greater risk of LAS injury. The data from this study can help therapists and trainers to identify people with a higher risk of LAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Saki
- Sport Injury and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Ali Yalfani
- Sport Injury and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran.
| | | | - Sajad Heydari Sodejani
- Sport Injury and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Farzaneh Ramezani
- Sport Injury and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran.
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Beelen PE, Kingma I, Nolte PA, van Dieën JH. The effect of foot type, body length and mass on postural stability. Gait Posture 2020; 81:241-246. [PMID: 32818860 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2020.07.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor postural stability is associated with chronic ankle instability. Previous research showed an effect of foot type on postural stability. However, the specific effect of supinated feet remains unclear. RESEARCH QUESTION Our study aimed to assess the effect of foot type on postural stability, while taking potential confounding effects of body mass and body height into account. METHODS Forty-three healthy participants between 18 and 40 years old performed barefooted single leg stance tests with eyes open (EO) and closed (EC) on solid ground, and on a balance board (BB). Foot type was determined from pressure recordings during gait, using the arch index. Ground reaction forces were measured using a force plate. Outcome measures were Center of Pressure Velocity (COPV) divided by body height, and the Horizontal Ground Reaction Force (HGRF) divided by body mass. Generalized Estimating Equations models assessed the differences between supinated, normal and pronated feet during EO, EC and on a BB. RESULTS During EO an interaction between supinated feet and body mass showed an increase of COPV with 0.03 × 10-2 1/s per kilogram of mass relative to normal feet (p = .03). During EC this interaction was more pronounced with 0.22 × 10-2 1/s increase per kilogram mass (p < .01). The HGRF did not differ between foot types in any of the conditions. SIGNIFICANCE Supinated feet have a larger increase in COPV compared to normal feet with increasing mass when standing on solid ground during EO and EC. This indicates that people with supinated feet and a higher mass are less stable during single leg stance. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3, associative study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Erik Beelen
- Spaarne Gasthuis Hospital, Spaarnepoort 1, 2134 TM, Hoofddorp, Noord-Holland, the Netherlands
| | - Idsart Kingma
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Peter A Nolte
- Spaarne Gasthuis Hospital, Spaarnepoort 1, 2134 TM, Hoofddorp, Noord-Holland, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap H van Dieën
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Grambart ST, Brown JR. Revision Surgery for Failed Lateral Ankle Stabilization. Clin Podiatr Med Surg 2020; 37:463-473. [PMID: 32471612 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpm.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Although most primary lateral ankle ligament repairs have a high success rate, as with any surgery, failures and the need for revision can occur. Nonanatomic lateral ankle ligament repairs have fallen out of favor because of the increased stiffness and resultant change in mechanics of the functioning tendon that is normally used. Allograft anatomic lateral ankle ligament reconstruction for revision surgery has gained popularity over the last few years. This article discusses the factors that can lead to failure and the revision technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean T Grambart
- Des Moines University, College of Podiatric Medicine and Surgery, 3200 Grand Avenue, Des Moines, IA 50312, USA; Unitypoint Health - Iowa Methodist Medical Center, 1200 Pleasant Street, Des Moines, IA 50309, USA.
| | - Joseph R Brown
- Des Moines University, College of Podiatric Medicine and Surgery, 3200 Grand Avenue, Des Moines, IA 50312, USA
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Abstract
Ankle sprains are one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries, being the most frequent musculoskeletal trauma among athletes. Most of these injuries are successfully treated conservatively; however, up to 70% of patients can develop long-lasting symptoms. Therefore, understanding prognostic factors for an ankle sprain could help clinicians identify patients with poor prognosis and choose the right treatment. A suggested approach will be presented in order to positively identify the factors that should warrant a more aggressive attitude in the initial conservative treatment. There are some prognostic factors linked to a better recovery and outcome; nevertheless, prognostic factors for full recovery after initial ankle sprain are not consistent.
Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:334-338. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.200019
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Affiliation(s)
| | - João Vide
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Portugal
| | - Daniel Mendes
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Portugal
| | - João Protásio
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Portugal
| | - Rui Viegas
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Portugal
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Off-Season Training Habits and BMI, Not Preseason Jump Measures, Are Associated with Time-Loss Injury in Female Collegiate Soccer Players. Sports (Basel) 2020; 8:sports8030036. [PMID: 32183446 PMCID: PMC7183079 DOI: 10.3390/sports8030036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the standing long jump (SLJ) and the single-leg hop (SLH) tests to discriminate lower quadrant (low back and lower extremities) injury occurrence in female collegiate soccer players. The secondary purpose of this study was to determine associations between injury and off-season training habits or anthropometric measures. SLJ, SLH, and anthropometric measures were collected during a preseason screening clinic. Each subject completed a questionnaire providing demographic information and off-season training habits. Each athlete performed three SLJ and three SLH per leg. SLJ and SLH scores were not associated with an increased risk of a noncontact time-loss lower quadrant (LQ) injury. Athletes with a higher BMI or who reported less time training during the off-season were two times more likely to sustain an injury. Athletes who had both a higher body mass index (BMI) and lower off-season training habits were three times (relative risk = 3.1 (95% CI: 1.7, 5.5) p-value = 0.0001) more likely to sustain a noncontact time-loss lower quadrant injury. Preseason SLJ and SLH scores do not discriminate injury risk in female collegiate soccer players. Higher BMI and lower off-season training habits are associated with an increased risk of LQ injury.
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Prognostic factors of acute ankle sprain: Need for ultrasonography to predict prognosis. J Orthop Sci 2020; 25:303-309. [PMID: 31151752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jos.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ankle sprains are one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries. To guide management decisions, a clear insight into the relevant subgroups of patients with a potentially better or worse prognosis is important. This study aimed to evaluate injury severity, using ultrasonography (US), as a prognostic factor of acute ankle sprain and other possible factors including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), level of job activity, and level of sports activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 28 patients with acute ankle sprain who reported at initial examination with an acutely twisted ankle. All patients had received a standard physical examination, radiography and standard ultrasound, to diagnose specific ligament injuries and their ankle sprain had been treated using standard conservative management. Various data including age, sex, BMI, level of sports activity, level of daily job activity, and final functional score (Foot and Ankle Outcome Scores, FAOS) were obtained. Mean comparison and correlations were used to assess risk factors. Risk factors associated with functional outcomes were evaluated using a multiple linear regression test. RESULTS At final follow-up as 1 year after injury, FAOS differed significantly for injury severity, age, and BMI. There were no significant differences in sex, job activity, and exercise levels. The factor most affecting FAOS for both pain (FAOS-Pain) and symptoms (FAOS-Sx) was the number of completely torn ligaments. Age was the most important factor affecting the FAOS-Daily Living Activity (ADL). BMI was the most important factor for sports activity level (FAOS-Sports). Age and the number of completely torn ligaments were both important to FAOS-Sports and quality of life (FAOS-QOL). CONCLUSION The severity of injury, defined using US, was a prognostic factor for long-term outcome following acute ankle sprain. Therefore, US imaging of acute ankle ligament injury may be important to predict prognosis of acute ankle sprain.
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Schwartz A, Gerberich SG, Kim H, Ryan AD, Church TR, Albin TJ, McGovern PM, Erdman AE, Green DR, Arauz RF. Janitor ergonomics and injuries in the safe workload ergonomic exposure project (SWEEP) study. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2019; 81:102874. [PMID: 31422267 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2019.102874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A Minnesota union identified to researchers at the University of Minnesota a concern relevant to a possible relation between their daily workload and outcome of occupational injuries among a population of janitors. OBJECTIVE To assess if the ergonomic workload is related to injuries among janitors. METHODS Following an initial group discussion among janitors, which identified common and hazardous tasks potentially leading to occupational injuries, a questionnaire was developed, pre-tested, and distributed to the janitors. Questions addressed various exposures, including workload, and comprehensive information regarding injury occurrence over two six-month sequential periods (May 2016-October 2016, November 2016-April 2017). Quantitative ergonomic analyses were performed on a sub-group of janitors (n = 30); these included data collection to identify Borg Perceived Exertion (Borg) and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) scores. Descriptive, multivariable with bias adjustment analyses were conducted on the resulting data. RESULTS Eight tasks were found to be common for janitors. All average REBA scores for the tasks were identified in the high-risk category. The task of repeatedly emptying small trash cans (<25lb) was significantly related to injuries. Average Borg scores fell between the very light perceived exertion and somewhat difficult perceived exertion categories. Multivariable regression analyses indicated that age-sex-standardized ergonomic workload, measured by task frequencies and REBA or Borg scores, was positively related to injury occurrence. CONCLUSIONS Standardized ergonomic workload was positively related to injury occurrence. This information serves as a basis for further research and potential intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Schwartz
- Midwest Center for Occupational Health and Safety Education and Research Center, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Susan G Gerberich
- Midwest Center for Occupational Health and Safety Education and Research Center, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Hyun Kim
- Midwest Center for Occupational Health and Safety Education and Research Center, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Andrew D Ryan
- Midwest Center for Occupational Health and Safety Education and Research Center, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Timothy R Church
- Midwest Center for Occupational Health and Safety Education and Research Center, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Patricia M McGovern
- Midwest Center for Occupational Health and Safety Education and Research Center, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Arthur E Erdman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Deirdre R Green
- Midwest Center for Occupational Health and Safety Education and Research Center, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Rony F Arauz
- Midwest Center for Occupational Health and Safety Education and Research Center, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Vuurberg G, Altink N, Rajai M, Blankevoort L, Kerkhoffs GMMJ. Weight, BMI and stability are risk factors associated with lateral ankle sprains and chronic ankle instability: a meta-analysis. J ISAKOS 2019; 4:313-327. [PMID: 33835938 DOI: 10.1136/jisakos-2019-000305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Lateral ankle sprains (LAS) are common in the general population and may lead to chronic ankle instability (CAI). If patients at risk could be identified, they could receive adequate and on-time treatment. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the current review was to identify all reported intrinsic factors associated with sustaining a LAS or progressing to CAI after an initial sprain. EVIDENCE REVIEW PubMed, Embase, MEDline, Cochrane and PEDro were searched for studies published until July 2019. Articles were selected if they included intrinsic factors related to LAS or CAI, subjects of at least 16 years old, and contained a minimum of 10 patients and 10 controls. Studies were excluded if they concerned reviews or case reports, included patients with previous surgical interventions, concomitant injuries or joint pathology other than ankle instability. Quality of included studies was assessed using the Quality in Prognostic Studies tool and quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADEpro tool. In case outcomes were described by at least three studies, data were pooled and assessed by performing a meta-analysis. Based on the pooled data, either a fixed-effects model or random-effects model was selected to correct for the degree of heterogeneity. FINDINGS The search resulted in a total of 4154 studies. After title and abstract screening and subsequent full-text screening, 80 relevant studies were included. Results of the meta-analyses indicated that, compared with healthy controls, patients with LAS had a higher mean body mass index (BMI). In patients with CAI, a higher weight and a longer time to stabilise after performing a task (eg, jumping) were found compared with healthy controls. Other outcomes could not be compared using a meta-analysis due to heterogeneity in outcome measurement and the great number of different outcomes reported. Identification of the risk factors when patients present themselves after a LAS may help to determine which patients are at risk of recurrent sprains or developing CAI. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Based on the findings in this review, a higher BMI, and a higher weight and neuromuscular stability deficits may be regarded risk factors for sustaining a LAS or developing CAI, respectively. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendolyn Vuurberg
- Orthopaedic surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands .,Academic Center for Evidence-based Sports medicine (ACES), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports (ACHSS), AMC/VUmc IOC Research Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke Altink
- Orthopaedic surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Academic Center for Evidence-based Sports medicine (ACES), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports (ACHSS), AMC/VUmc IOC Research Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Morteza Rajai
- Orthopaedic surgery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Leendert Blankevoort
- Orthopaedic surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Academic Center for Evidence-based Sports medicine (ACES), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports (ACHSS), AMC/VUmc IOC Research Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gino M M J Kerkhoffs
- Orthopaedic surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Academic Center for Evidence-based Sports medicine (ACES), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports (ACHSS), AMC/VUmc IOC Research Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Lateral ankle sprains (LASs) are a common injury sustained by individuals who participate in recreational physical activities and sports. After an LAS, a large proportion of individuals develop long-term symptoms, which contribute to the development of chronic ankle instability (CAI). Due to the prevalence of LASs and the propensity to develop CAI, collective efforts toward reducing the risk of sustaining these injuries should be a priority of the sports medicine and sports physiotherapy communities. The comprehensive injury-causation model was developed to illustrate the interaction of internal and external risk factors in the occurrence of the inciting injury. The ability to mitigate injury risk is contingent on a comprehensive understanding of risk factors for injury. The objective of this current concepts review is to use the comprehensive injury-causation model as a framework to illustrate the risk factors for LAS and CAI based on the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eamonn Delahunt
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Ireland.,Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alexandria Remus
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Ireland.,Insight Centre for Data Analysis, University College Dublin, Ireland
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Moré-Pacheco A, Meyer F, Pacheco I, Candotti CT, Sedrez JA, Loureiro-Chaves RF, Loss JF. ANKLE SPRAIN RISK FACTORS: A 5-MONTH FOLLOW-UP STUDY IN VOLLEY AND BASKETBALL ATHLETES. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-869220192503208053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction Ankle sprain is a frequent sports injury among volley and basketball players, and identifying risk factors is necessary to prevent injuries and prolong their careers. Objective To identify intrinsic and extrinsic factors in basketball and volleyball players related to the risk of ankle sprain injury over a five-month follow-up period. Methods Ninety-four Brazilian young competitive athletes (15.8±1.7 years, 47 basketball and 47 volleyball players) participated in this study. They were evaluated for intrinsic risk factors (previous history of ankle sprain, dominant lower limb, ankle ligament laxity, range of motion of the ankle-foot complex, electromyographic response time of ankle evertors, postural control and muscular torque of ankle invertors and evertors) and extrinsic risk factors (type of shoes worn, use of orthosis, previous injuries while training or competing, and the players’ position). Results During the study period, 18 (19%) athletes suffered unilateral sprains. Multivariate logistic regression analysis gave a final regression with four factors: dominant leg (p=0.161), type of shoes worn (p=0.049), player’s position (p=0.153), and peroneus brevis muscle reaction time (p=0.045). There was an 86.1% probability of an ankle sprain if the athlete had a left dominant leg, wore shoes without vibration dampeners, or played in the small forward, wing/hitter spiker, middle blocker, or opposite spiker positions, and had a peroneus muscle reaction time longer than 80ms. However, only the player’s position was significantly (p=0.046) associated with lesion occurrence. Conclusion The player’s position appeared to be a risk factor in both sports, and this result may help professionals to prevent ankle sprains. Level of Evidence I; High quality randomized clinical trial with or without statistically significant difference but with narrow confidence intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Flávia Meyer
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Vallandingham RA, Gaven SL, Powden CJ. Changes in Dorsiflexion and Dynamic Postural Control After Mobilizations in Individuals With Chronic Ankle Instability: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Athl Train 2019; 54:403-417. [PMID: 30870009 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-380-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis assessing the effectiveness of joint mobilizations for improving dorsiflexion range of motion (DFROM) and dynamic postural control in individuals with chronic ankle instability. DATA SOURCES Electronic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus) were searched from inception to January 2017. STUDY SELECTION Included studies examined the isolated effects of joint mobilizations to enhance DFROM and dynamic postural control in individuals with chronic ankle instability and provided adequate data to calculate effect sizes (ESs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). DATA EXTRACTION Two investigators independently assessed the methodologic quality, level of evidence, and strength of recommendation using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale and the Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy. We extracted the sample sizes, means, and standard deviations for DFROM and dynamic postural control and filtered the data based on control-to-intervention and preintervention-to-postintervention (pre-post) comparisons. DATA SYNTHESIS We included 7 level 1 and 3 level 2 studies that had a median Physiotherapy Evidence Database score of 60% (range = 40%-80%). The magnitudes of control-to-intervention and pre-post differences were examined using bias-corrected Hedges g ESs. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted for each outcome measure and comparison. Positive ESs indicated better outcome scores in the intervention group than in the control group and at postintervention than at preintervention. The α level was set at .05. Meta-analysis revealed weak and moderate ESs for overall control-to-intervention (ES = 0.41; 95% CI = 0.14, 0.68; P = .003) and pre-post (ES = 0.34; 95% CI = 0.20, 0.48; P < .001) DFROM analyses. Overall, dynamic postural control meta-analysis revealed moderate control-to-intervention (ES = 0.42; 95% CI = -0.14, 0.98; P = .14) and weak and moderate ESs for pre-post (ES = 0.37; 95% CI = -0.12, 0.87; P = .14) analyses. CONCLUSIONS We observed grade A evidence that joint mobilizations can mildly improve DFROM among individuals with chronic ankle instability compared with controls and preintervention. We observed grade B evidence that indicated conflicting effects of joint mobilizations on dynamic postural control compared with controls and preintervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Vallandingham
- Department of Applied Medicine and Rehabilitation, Indiana State University, Terre Haute. Dr Gaven is now with the College of Health Sciences, University of Indianapolis, IN
| | - Stacey L Gaven
- Department of Applied Medicine and Rehabilitation, Indiana State University, Terre Haute. Dr Gaven is now with the College of Health Sciences, University of Indianapolis, IN
| | - Cameron J Powden
- Department of Applied Medicine and Rehabilitation, Indiana State University, Terre Haute. Dr Gaven is now with the College of Health Sciences, University of Indianapolis, IN
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Acosta-Olivo C, Tamez-Mata Y, Elizondo-Rodriguez J, Rodriguez-Torres R, Diaz-Valadez A, Peña-Martinez V. Investigation of the Association Between the Acute Ankle Injury Caused by Fall From Own Height and Body Mass Index. J Foot Ankle Surg 2019; 58:288-290. [PMID: 30612873 DOI: 10.1053/j.jfas.2018.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In the emergency settings, increased body mass index (BMI) is a risk factor for traumatic orthopedic injuries. The aim of this study was to assess the association between the acute ankle injuries (sprain or fracture) and BMI. This prospective cohort study included patients ≥18 years of age with acute traumatic ankle injuries (either sprain or fracture) caused by fall from own height when walking at ground level and who received primary treatment at the emergency room of a university hospital between May and October 2017. Of the 107 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 58 (54%) patients experienced acute ankle sprains and 49 (46%) experienced acute ankle fractures. No significant association was detected between fracture severity (as assessed by the Danis-Weber classification) and BMI (p = .860). The most frequent ankle injury in patients with normal BMI was ankle sprain. In our cohort, obesity was not the primary determinant of the severity of ankle injury. However, age was a key determinant of the type of injury; patients >30 years of age were 20% more likely to suffer an ankle fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Acosta-Olivo
- Professor, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Universitario, Departamento de Ortopedia y Traumatología, Monterrey, NL, México.
| | - Yadira Tamez-Mata
- Professor, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Universitario, Departamento de Ortopedia y Traumatología, Monterrey, NL, México
| | - Jorge Elizondo-Rodriguez
- Professor, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Universitario, Departamento de Ortopedia y Traumatología, Monterrey, NL, México
| | - Raymundo Rodriguez-Torres
- Resident 4th Year, Universidad Autuonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Universitario, Departamento de Ortopedia y Traumatología, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Adrian Diaz-Valadez
- Resident 4th Year, Universidad Autuonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Universitario, Departamento de Ortopedia y Traumatología, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Victor Peña-Martinez
- Professor, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Universitario, Departamento de Ortopedia y Traumatología, Monterrey, NL, México
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Bielska IA, Brison R, Brouwer B, Janssen I, Johnson AP, Day AG, Pickett W. Is recovery from ankle sprains negatively affected by obesity? Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2018; 62:8-13. [PMID: 30290281 DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ankle sprains are common injuries that may lead to long-term morbidity. Individuals with obesity are at increased risk for ankle sprains; however, prognostic associations between body mass index (BMI) and recovery are less well understood. This study investigated whether BMI status affects recovery from ankle sprains. METHODS We included individuals≥16 years old with grade 1 or 2 ankle sprains who sought emergency department treatment in Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Height in centimeters and weight in kilograms were measured at baseline by using a height rod and a standard medical column scale, respectively. BMI was calculated and categorized as non-overweight,<25.0kg/m2; overweight, 25.0-29.9kg/m2; and obese,≥30kg/m2. Recovery was assessed at 1, 3 and 6 months post-injury by the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS). Continuous FAOS and binary recovery status were compared by BMI group at each assessment using a repeated measures linear mixed effects model and logistic regression, respectively. RESULTS In total, 504 individuals were recruited and 6-month follow-up data were collected for 80%. We observed no significant differences in recovery at 1 and 3 months post-injury. At 6 months, between 53% and 66% of the participants were considered to have recovered according to the FAOS. The mean difference in unadjusted FAOS between participants classified as obese and non-overweight was -23.02 (95% confidence interval, -38.99 to -7.05) but decreased after adjusting for confounders. The odds ratio for recovery was 0.60 (0.37-0.97) before adjustment and 0.74 (0.43-1.29) after adjustment. Six-month recovery was significantly lower for participants with obesity than non-overweight participants on the FAOS Pain and Function in Daily Living subscales but were not clinically meaningful. CONCLUSIONS All BMI groups showed improvements from ankle sprain over time. However, at 6 months, a sizeable proportion of the participants had not fully recovered particularly among individuals classified as obese. The findings suggest that individuals with obesity may benefit from specialized interventions focused on symptom management and functional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Bielska
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, K7L 3N6 Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | - R Brison
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, K7L 3N6 Kingston, ON, Canada; Department of Emergency Medicine, Queen's University, K7L 3N6 Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - B Brouwer
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen's University, K7L 3N6 Kingston, ON, Canada; Department of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, K7L 3N6 Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - I Janssen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, K7L 3N6 Kingston, ON, Canada; Department of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, K7L 3N6 Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - A P Johnson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, K7L 3N6 Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - A G Day
- Kingston General Hospital Research Institute, K7L 2V7 Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - W Pickett
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, K7L 3N6 Kingston, ON, Canada; Department of Emergency Medicine, Queen's University, K7L 3N6 Kingston, ON, Canada
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Ko J, Rosen AB, Brown CN. Functional performance tests identify lateral ankle sprain risk: A prospective pilot study in adolescent soccer players. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018; 28:2611-2616. [PMID: 30120831 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Determining the clinical utility of functional performance tests (FPTs) and establishing cutoff scores could be useful in identifying those athletes who could benefit from effective injury prevention interventions. Our purpose was to determine the accuracy of FPTs in identifying adolescent athletes who go on to experience lateral ankle sprain(s) and establish specific cutoff scores capable of identifying those who sustain a lateral ankle sprain in the near future. Sixty-four participants (age = 15.5 ± 1.3 years; height = 161.7 ± 7.7 cm; mass = 57.1 ± 8.4 kg) were recruited from a junior soccer club and tracked for 10 months. Participants performed the anterior (AN), posterior-medial (PM), and posterior-lateral (PL) reach directions of the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) and the Single-Leg Hop Test (SLHT) in pre-season, and then were followed for the 10-month competitive season (12 injured, 52 uninjured). Significant Area Under the Curve (AUC) values and cutoff scores were found for the PM (AUC = 0.78; 95% CI 0.61-0.95; P = 0.003; Sn = 0.83; Sp = 0.77; cutoff = 76%) and the PL (AUC = 0.82; 95% CI 0.71-0.94; P = 0.001; Sn = 0.92; Sp = 0.65; cutoff = 70%) reach directions of the SEBT and the SLHT (AUC = 0.77; 95% CI 0.60-0.95; P = 0.003; Sn = 0.67; Sp = 0.94; cutoff = 15.4 seconds). The PM and PL reach directions of the SEBT and the SLHT may be useful as pre-season screening measures to help clinicians identify adolescents who will go on to experience a lateral ankle sprain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jupil Ko
- Northern Arizona University, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Adam B Rosen
- University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska
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Olmedilla A, Rubio VJ, Fuster-Parra P, Pujals C, García-Mas A. A Bayesian Approach to Sport Injuries Likelihood: Does Player's Self-Efficacy and Environmental Factors Plays the Main Role? Front Psychol 2018; 9:1174. [PMID: 30034359 PMCID: PMC6043686 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The psychological factors of sports injuries constitute a growing field of study, even from the point of view of the prediction of their occurrence. Most of them, however, do not take into account the likelihood of the injuries' occurrence and the weight and role of the psychological variables on it. We conducted a study building up a Bayesian Network on a big sample of athletes, trying to assess these probabilistic links among several relevant psychological variables and the injuries' occurrence. The sample was constituted by 297 athletes (239 males, 58 females) from a wide range of sports: track and field; judo; fencing; karate; boxing; swimming; kayaking; artistic rollerskating, and team sports as football, basketball, and handball (Mean age: 25.10 ±-3.87; range: 21-38 years). Several psychological variables, such as anxiety, social support, and self-efficacy were studied. Also, we recorded the history of injuries as well the body mass index and personal epidemiological data. The overall picture of the generated graph and Bayesian Network and its analysis - including the use of hypothetical data by means of several instantiations - includes the nuclear role of the Self-Efficacy regarding the injuries' occurrence likelihood; the decreasing impact of the competitive anxiety previous to the injury; the probabilistic independence of the players' risk behaviors, and the relevance of the environmental clues such the use of coping strategies and social support in order to build up a good level of Self-Efficacy after the occurrence of an injury. All these data are relevant when designing both preventive and recovery interventions from the multidisciplinary as well as from the psychological point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelio Olmedilla
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Intervention, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Víctor J. Rubio
- Department of Biological and Health Psychology, School of Psychology, University Autonoma of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Fuster-Parra
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Constanza Pujals
- Department of Psychology, Faculdade Ingá/UNINGA, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Alexandre García-Mas
- Department of Basic Psychology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Prevention of Ankle Sprain Injuries in Youth Soccer and Basketball: Effectiveness of a Neuromuscular Training Program and Examining Risk Factors. Clin J Sport Med 2018; 28:325-331. [PMID: 29864071 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000000462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The primary objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a neuromuscular training (NMT) warm-up program in reducing the risk of ankle sprain injury (ASI) in youth soccer and basketball. The secondary objective included the evaluation of risk factors for ASI. STUDY DESIGN Secondary analysis of pooled data from 5 studies. PARTICIPANTS Male and female youth (11-18 years) soccer and basketball players (n = 2265) in Alberta, Canada. OUTCOME MEASURES Ankle sprain injury was the primary outcome and was recorded using a validated prospective injury surveillance system consistent in all studies. The primary exposure of interest was NMT warm-up, which included aerobic, strength, agility, and balance components. Multivariable Poisson regression, controlling for clustering by team and offset for exposure hours, was used to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), with considerations for confounding and effect modification and evaluating all covariates as potential risk factors. RESULTS A total of 188 ASIs were reported in 171 players. Neuromuscular training significantly reduced the risk of ASI [IRR = 0.68 (95% CI; 0.46-0.99)]. Independent risk factors for ASI included previous ASI [IRR = 1.98 (95% CI; 1.38-2.81)] and participation in basketball versus soccer [IRR = 1.83 (95% CI; 1.18-2.85)]. Sex, age, body mass index, and previous lower extremity injury (without previous ASI) did not predict ASI (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Exposure to an NMT program is significantly protective for ASI in youth soccer and basketball. Risk of ASI in youth basketball is greater than soccer, and players with a history of ASI are at greater risk.
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Delahunt E, Bleakley CM, Bossard DS, Caulfield BM, Docherty CL, Doherty C, Fourchet F, Fong DT, Hertel J, Hiller CE, Kaminski TW, McKeon PO, Refshauge KM, Remus A, Verhagen E, Vicenzino BT, Wikstrom EA, Gribble PA. Clinical assessment of acute lateral ankle sprain injuries (ROAST): 2019 consensus statement and recommendations of the International Ankle Consortium. Br J Sports Med 2018; 52:1304-1310. [PMID: 29886432 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-098885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Lateral ankle sprain injury is the most common musculoskeletal injury incurred by individuals who participate in sports and recreational physical activities. Following initial injury, a high proportion of individuals develop long-term injury-associated symptoms and chronic ankle instability. The development of chronic ankle instability is consequent on the interaction of mechanical and sensorimotor insufficiencies/impairments that manifest following acute lateral ankle sprain injury. To reduce the propensity for developing chronic ankle instability, clinical assessments should evaluate whether patients in the acute phase following lateral ankle sprain injury exhibit any mechanical and/or sensorimotor impairments. This modified Delphi study was undertaken under the auspices of the executive committee of the International Ankle Consortium. The primary aim was to develop recommendations, based on expert (n=14) consensus, for structured clinical assessment of acute lateral ankle sprain injuries. After two modified Delphi rounds, consensus was achieved on the clinical assessment of acute lateral ankle sprain injuries. Consensus was reached on a minimum standard clinical diagnostic assessment. Key components of this clinical diagnostic assessment include: establishing the mechanism of injury, as well as the assessment of ankle joint bones and ligaments. Through consensus, the expert panel also developed the International Ankle Consortium Rehabilitation-Oriented ASsessmenT (ROAST). The International Ankle Consortium ROAST will help clinicians identify mechanical and/or sensorimotor impairments that are associated with chronic ankle instability. This consensus statement from the International Ankle Consortium aims to be a key resource for clinicians who regularly assess individuals with acute lateral ankle sprain injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eamonn Delahunt
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Chris M Bleakley
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina, USA
| | - Daniela S Bossard
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brian M Caulfield
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Carrie L Docherty
- School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Cailbhe Doherty
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Daniel T Fong
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Jay Hertel
- Department of Kinesiology, Curry School of Education, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Claire E Hiller
- School of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thomas W Kaminski
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Patrick O McKeon
- School of Health Sciences and Human Performance, Ithaca College, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Kathryn M Refshauge
- School of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alexandria Remus
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports and Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Science, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bill T Vicenzino
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Erik A Wikstrom
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Phillip A Gribble
- Division of Athletic Training, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Bronner S, Bauer NG. Risk factors for musculoskeletal injury in elite pre-professional modern dancers: A prospective cohort prognostic study. Phys Ther Sport 2018; 31:42-51. [PMID: 29597115 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine risk factors for injury in pre-professional modern dancers. DESIGN With prospectively designed screening and injury surveillance, we evaluated four risk factors as categorical predictors of injury: i) hypermobility; ii) dance technique motor-control; iii) muscle tightness; iv) previous injury. Screening and injury data of 180 students enrolled in a university modern dance program were reviewed over 4-yrs of training. Dancers were divided into 3-groups based on predictor scores. Dance exposure was based on hours of technique classes/wk. Negative binomial log-linear analyses were conducted with the four predictors, p < 0.05. RESULTS Dancers with low and high Beighton scores were 1.43 and 1.22 times more likely to sustain injury than dancers with mid-range scores (p ≤ 0.03). Dancers with better technique (low or medium scores) were 0.86 and 0.63 times less likely to sustain injury (p = 0.013 and p < 0.001) compared to those with poor technique. Dancers with one or 2-4 tight muscles were 2.7 and 4.0 times more likely to sustain injury (p ≤ 0.046). Dancers who sustained 2-4 injuries in the previous year were 1.38 times more likely to sustain subsequent injury (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This contributes new information on the value of preseason screening. Dancers with these risk factors may benefit from prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaw Bronner
- ADAM Center, New York, NY, USA; Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Naomi G Bauer
- ADAM Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC, USA
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Amoako AO, Nassim A, Keller C. Body Mass Index as a Predictor of Injuries in Athletics. Curr Sports Med Rep 2018; 16:256-262. [PMID: 28696988 DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0000000000000383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The quest to identify injury risk factors in sports has been an ongoing and well-researched field in the world of sports medicine. Knowing some of these factors helps keep sports participation safe. Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors have been studied. Body mass index (BMI) is widely known to contribute to several medical conditions. Its association with some sports injuries has been established but the information is vast, with few studies that are randomized controlled trials. It is important to analyze these studies and confirm whether BMI is a predictor of lower-extremity injuries. Such knowledge allows for better effective treatment and prevention strategies. This article will summarize current evidence of association between BMI and lower-extremity injuries in athletes and whether BMI is a predictor of lower-extremity injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adae O Amoako
- 1Departments of Acute Care Services and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mid-Atlantic Permanente Medical Group, Upper Marlboro; 2Division of Sports Medicine, Nassim Medical, PC. Great Neck; and 3Department of Orthopedics, Temple University School of Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
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Gender Differences in Static and Dynamic Postural Stability of Soldiers in the Army’s 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault). J Sport Rehabil 2018; 27:126-131. [DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2016-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Context: Postural stability is essential for injury prevention and performance. Differences between genders may affect training focus. Objective: To examine static and dynamic postural stability in male and female soldiers. Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Setting: Biomechanics laboratory. Participants: 25 healthy female soldiers (26.4 ± 5.3 y) and 25 healthy male soldiers (26.4 ± 4.9 y) matched on physical demand rating and years of service from the Army’s 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault). Interventions: Each person underwent static and dynamic postural stability testing. Main Outcome Measures: Standard deviation of the ground reaction forces during static postural stability and the dynamic stability index for dynamic postural stability. Results: Female soldiers had significantly better static postural stability than males but no differences were observed in dynamic postural stability. Conclusions: Postural stability is important for injury prevention, performance optimization, and tactical training. The differences observed in the current study may indicate the need for gender-specific training emphasis on postural stability.
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Hartley EM, Hoch MC, Boling MC. Y-balance test performance and BMI are associated with ankle sprain injury in collegiate male athletes. J Sci Med Sport 2017; 21:676-680. [PMID: 29102301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine if static balance, dynamic balance, ankle range of motion, body mass index (BMI), or history of an ankle sprain were associated with ankle sprain injuries within male and female collegiate athletes. DESIGN Prospective cohort. METHODS Three hundred and eighty-four male (age=19.79±1.80 years, height=178.02±10.39cm, mass=85.71±17.59kg) and one hundred and sixty seven female (age=19.80±1.52 years, height=165.61±7.08cm, mass=66.16±10.53kg) collegiate athletes involved in a variety of sports at a NCAA Division II or NAIA institution participated. Baseline measures of the Y-Balance (YBT), modified Balance Error Scoring System (mBESS), weight-bearing lunge test (WBLT), BMI, and history of ankle sprain were recorded. Participants were followed prospectively for two years and incidence of ankle sprain injury was documented. The average of the WBLT, mBESS, and YBT measures were used for analysis. Male and female participants were analyzed separately. Mann-Whitney U tests were utilized to identify variables which may be significantly associated with ankle sprain injury for logistic regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 59 (38 males and 21 females) individuals sustained an ankle sprain during the follow up period. The binary logistic regression revealed BMI (Nagelkerke R2=0.069; X2=12.89; p<0.001; OR=3.85; 95% CI, 1.90-7.79; p<0.001) and anterior reach of the YBT (Nagelkerke R2=0.074; X2=13.70, p<0.001; OR=3.64; 95% CI=1.83-7.23; p=0.01) were significantly associated with ankle sprain injury in male athletes. No variables were associated with ankle sprain injury within female athletes. CONCLUSIONS Male collegiate athletes with greater BMI and lesser YBT anterior reach were at a greater risk of sustaining an ankle sprain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Hartley
- School of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Old Dominion University, United States.
| | - Matthew C Hoch
- Division of Athletic Training, University of Kentucky, United States
| | - Michelle C Boling
- Clinical and Applied Movement Sciences, University of North Florida, United States
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Updated Review of the Applied Physiology of American College Football: Physical Demands, Strength and Conditioning, Nutrition, and Injury Characteristics of America’s Favorite Game. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2017; 12:1396-1403. [DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2016-0783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
While there are various avenues for performance improvement in college American football (AF), there is no comprehensive evaluation of the collective array of resources around performance, physical conditioning, and injury and training/game characteristics to guide future research and inform practitioners. Accordingly, the aim of the present review was to provide a current examination of these areas in college AF. Recent studies show that there is a wide range of body compositions and strength characteristics between players, which appear to be influenced by playing position, level of play, training history/programming, and time of season. Collectively, game demands may require a combination of upper- and lower-body strength and power production, rapid acceleration (positive and negative), change of direction, high running speed, high-intensity and repetitive collisions, and muscle-strength endurance. These may be affected by the timing of and between-plays and/or coaching style. AF players appear to possess limited nutrition and hydration practices, which may be disadvantageous to performance. AF injuries appear due to a multitude of factors—strength, movement quality, and previous injury—while there is also potential for extrinsic factors such as playing surface type, travel, time of season, playing position, and training load. Future proof-of-concept studies are required to determine the quantification of game demands with regard to game style, type of opposition, and key performance indicators. Moreover, more research is required to understand the efficacy of recovery and nutrition interventions. Finally, the assessment of the relationship between external/internal-load constructs and injury risk is warranted.
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The Influence of Playing Experience and Position on Injury Risk in NCAA Division I College Football Players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2017; 12:1297-1304. [DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2016-0803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: American football is widely played by college student-athletes throughout the United States; however, the associated injury risk is greater than in other team sports. Numerous factors likely contribute to this risk, yet research identifying these risk factors is limited. The present study sought to explore the relationship between playing experience and position on injury risk in NCAA Division I college football players. Methods: Seventy-six male college student-athletes in the football program of an American NCAA Division I university participated. Injuries were recorded over 2 consecutive seasons. Players were characterized based on college year (freshman, sophomore, junior, or senior) and playing position. The effect of playing experience and position on injury incidence rates was analyzed using a generalized linear mixed-effects model, with a Poisson distribution, log-linear link function, and offset for hours of training exposure or number of in-game plays (for training and game injuries, respectively). Results: The overall rates of non-time-loss and time-loss game-related injuries were 2.1 (90% CI: 1.8–2.5) and 0.6 (90% CI: 0.4–0.8) per 1000 plays, respectively. The overall rates of non-time-loss and time-loss training-related injuries were 26.0 (90% CI: 22.6–29.9) and 7.1 (90% CI: 5.9–8.5) per 1000 h, respectively. During training, seniors and running backs displayed the greatest risk. During games, sophomores, juniors, and wide receivers were at greatest risk. Conclusions: Being aware of the elevated injury risk experienced by certain player groups may help coaches make considered decisions related to training design and player selection.
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McKiernan S, Fenech M, Fox D, Stewart I. Sonography of the ankle: The lateral ankle and ankle sprains. SONOGRAPHY 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/sono.12120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Mauntel TC, Wikstrom EA, Roos KG, Djoko A, Dompier TP, Kerr ZY. The Epidemiology of High Ankle Sprains in National Collegiate Athletic Association Sports. Am J Sports Med 2017; 45:2156-2163. [PMID: 28423285 DOI: 10.1177/0363546517701428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ankle sprains are among the most common injuries experienced by collegiate athletes. The type of ankle sprain is rarely differentiated in epidemiological studies. This differentiation is necessary, as each ankle sprain type has a unique injury mechanism and recovery period. High ankle sprains commonly result in long recovery periods. Thus, a further examination of the epidemiology of high ankle sprains is warranted. PURPOSE To describe the epidemiology of high ankle sprains in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) sports during the 2009/2010-2014/2015 academic years. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive epidemiology study. METHODS NCAA Injury Surveillance Program high ankle sprain data and athlete-exposures (AEs) from 25 sports were evaluated. Certified athletic trainers recorded sport-related injury, event, and AE data during team-sanctioned events. High ankle sprain injury rates per 10,000 AEs were calculated. Percentage distributions were calculated for the amount of time lost from sport and percentage of recurrent injuries. Injury rate ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs compared injury rates by event type, participation restriction time, and sex. 95% CIs not containing 1.00 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS The overall high ankle sprain injury rate was 1.00 per 10,000 AEs. Overall, 56.7% of high ankle sprain injuries occurred during competitions, and 9.8% of high ankle sprain injuries were recurrent. Men's football (2.42/10,000 AEs), wrestling (2.11/10,000 AEs), and ice hockey (1.19/10,000 AEs) had the highest high ankle sprain injury rates. In sex-comparable sports, men had higher injury rates (RR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.28-2.44). Player contact was the most common injury mechanism (60.4%), and 69.0% of injuries resulted in ≥1 day of participation restriction, with 47.1% resulting in ≥7 days of participation restriction and 15.8% resulting in >21 days of participation restriction. CONCLUSION High ankle sprains resulted in significant participation restriction time from sport participation. The majority of high ankle sprain injuries resulted from player contact and were observed in contact/collision sports. The large proportion of high ankle sprains resulting from player contact, specifically in male contact sports, is worthy of further investigation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The enhanced understanding of the epidemiology of high ankle sprains provided in our study will aid clinicians in developing targeted injury prevention strategies to mitigate the negative consequences of these injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Mauntel
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Erik A Wikstrom
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Karen G Roos
- California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, California, USA
| | - Aristarque Djoko
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention Inc, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Thomas P Dompier
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention Inc, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Zachary Y Kerr
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Bruce CM, Gribble PA, Turner MJ, Hubbard-Turner T, Simon JE, Thomas AC. Number of knee and ankle injuries is associated with poor physical but not mental health. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2017; 45:82-86. [PMID: 28294705 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2017.1301194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The knee and ankle are among the most commonly injured joints in the body. Long-term strength and neuromuscular control deficits are common following these injuries, yielding lifelong disability and poor quality of life. However, it is unknown how the number of injuries sustained influences quality of life. OBJECTIVES Determine the association between the number of ankle or knee injuries sustained and physical and mental quality of life. METHODS A total of 806 ankle-injured (age:45.2 ± 15.3 yrs; body mass index [BMI]:28.6 ± 7.4 kg/m2), 658 knee-injured (age:49.3 ± 16.1 yrs; BMI:28.4 ± 7.4 kg/m2), and 996 uninjured (age:43.4 ± 16.1 yrs; BMI:26.9 ± 6.5 kg/m2) adults completed the SF-8 survey to determine the physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) contributions to quality of life. Respondents were categorized by injury history (ankle, knee, none) and number of injuries (0, 1, 2, or 3 or more [3+]) to the same joint. Backward linear regression models were used to determine the association between quality of life, age, and injury history separately for SF-8 PCS and MCS, as well as ankle versus knee injury. RESULTS Reporting 1, 2, or 3+ ankle injuries along with age predicted SF-8 PCS (P < 0.001). Further, 1 or 2 ankle injuries and age (P < 0.001) predicted SF-8 MCS. Reporting 1, 2, or 3+ knee injuries along with age significantly predicted SF-8 PCS (P < 0.001). Age, but not knee injury history, significantly predicted SF-8 MCS (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Current age and history of sustaining at least one injury negatively impact physical quality of life following either a knee or ankle injury. However, mental quality of life was predicted most consistently by age. Efforts to reduce injuries should be employed to improve quality of life, but more research is needed to determine what other factors contribute to quality of life across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey M Bruce
- a Biodynamics Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology , University of North Carolina at Charlotte , Charlotte , NC , USA
| | - Phillip A Gribble
- b Department of Rehabilitation Sciences , University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA
| | - Michael J Turner
- c Laboratory of Systems Physiology, Department of Kinesiology , University of North Carolina at Charlotte , Charlotte , NC , USA
| | - Tricia Hubbard-Turner
- a Biodynamics Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology , University of North Carolina at Charlotte , Charlotte , NC , USA
| | - Janet E Simon
- d Department of Kinesiology , Ohio University , Athens , OH , USA
| | - Abbey C Thomas
- a Biodynamics Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology , University of North Carolina at Charlotte , Charlotte , NC , USA
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