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Kim H, Choi SS, Kang TH, Byun SY, Lee CH. Physicochemical Stability and Compatibility of Mixtures of Ropivacaine with Dexamethasone or Betamethasone for Epidural Steroid Injections: An In Vitro Study. Pain Physician 2024; 27:E89-E98. [PMID: 38285041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidural steroid injections are widely used to treat spinal and radiating pain. However, crystal formation has recently been reported in mixtures of ropivacaine and nonparticulate steroids, commonly used in epidural steroid injections. OBJECTIVES Our study assessed the physicochemical stability of mixtures of different nonparticulate steroids and ropivacaine and aimed to propose a safe regimen for epidural steroid injections. STUDY DESIGN An in vitro protocol was used to examine the physicochemical stability of epidural steroid injection mixtures most commonly used at our institution. SETTING In vitro laboratory study. METHODS Twelve solutions were prepared by mixing 0.75% or 0.2% ropivacaine with dexamethasone or betamethasone at volume ratios of 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1 in propylene syringes at 24°C. The physical properties of the mixtures were observed with the naked eye and under a microscope, and their pH was measured. The concentration of each drug in the mixture was evaluated using high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS None of the ropivacaine and dexamethasone mixtures showed macroscopic or microscopic crystal formation after 2 hours, and there were no significant changes in pH. The concentrations of the 2 drugs remained stable for up to 2 hours. In contrast, at least 10 mu-m crystals were observed microscopically and macroscopically in all mixtures of ropivacaine and betamethasone; the ropivacaine concentration was reduced by > 10% after one hour. LIMITATIONS Confirming the stability of drugs in vitro does not ensure that their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics remain unaltered in vivo. CONCLUSION The combination of ropivacaine and betamethasone should be avoided because of their physicochemical instability. Combinations of ropivacaine and dexamethasone should be administered cautiously because they are more physicochemically stable than combinations of ropivacaine and betamethasone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heezoo Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Sik Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yoon Byun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Hun Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kang TH, Kim WJ, Lee JH. Efficacy of the erector spinae plane block with sedation for unilateral biportal endoscopic spine surgery and comparison with other anesthetic methods. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2023; 165:2651-2663. [PMID: 37278922 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-023-05643-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Erector spinae plane block (ESPB) is a new regional anesthesia. Unilateral biportal endoscopic (UBE) spine surgery, a minimal invasive technique, has been performed under not only general anesthesia (GA) but regional anesthesia including spinal anesthesia (SA). The aims of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of ESPB with sedation for UBE lumbar decompression and compare it with GA and SA. METHOD A retrospective age matched case-control study design was performed. Three groups (20 patients in each group) of patients who underwent UBE lumbar decompressions under each anesthetic method (GA, SA, or ESPB) were formed. The total anesthesia time excluding operation time, postoperative analgesia effects, hospital days, and complications related to anesthetic methods were evaluated. RESULTS In the ESPB group, all the operations were performed without change of anesthetic methods and without anesthetic complications. But there were no anesthetic effects in the epidural space, which resulted in additional intravenous fentanyl usage. The mean of time from initiation of anesthesia to completion of surgical preparation was 23.3 ± 4.7 min in the ESPB group, which was shorter than 32.3 ± 10.8 min in the GA (p value = 0.001) or 33.3 ± 6.7 min in the SA group (p < 0.001). The proportion of patients requiring first rescue analgesia within 30 min was 30% in the ESPB group, which was lower than 85% in the GA (p < 0.001), but no significant different with 10% in the SA (p = 0.11). The mean of total hospital days in the ESPB was 3.0 ± 0.8, shorter than 3.7 ± 1.8 in the GA (p = 0.02) or 3.8 ± 1.1 in the SA group (p = 0.01). There was no case of postoperative nausea and vomiting in the ESBB even without prophylactic antiemesis. CONCLUSION ESPB with sedation is a viable anesthetic option for UBE lumbar decompression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hoon Kang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, 20 Boramae-Ro 5-Gil, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Joong Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Synergy Orthopedic Clinic, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Hyup Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, 20 Boramae-Ro 5-Gil, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Zhao Dubuc Y, Mazzone B, Yoder AJ, Esposito ER, Kang TH, Loh KJ, Farrokhi S. Ankle Sprain Bracing Solutions and Future Design Consideration for Civilian and Military Use. Expert Rev Med Devices 2022; 19:113-122. [PMID: 35130797 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2022.2039622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ankle sprains are common injuries within the civilian and military populations, with lingering symptoms that include pain, swelling, giving-way, and a high likelihood for recurrence. Numerous bracing systems are available to stabilize the ankle joint following sprains, with new design iterations frequently entering the market. Currently available braces generally include sleeve, lace-up, and stirrup designs. Sleeves provide mild compression and warmth but limited stability for the ankle, while lace-ups and stirrups appear to be more effective at preventing and treating lateral ankle sprains. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the use of various brace options in practice. Their major clinical benefits, and limitations are highlighted, followed by an overview of emerging concepts in brace design. Current advancements in biomechanical simulation, multifunctional material fabrication, and wearable, field-deployed devices for human injury surveillance are discussed, providing possibilities for conceiving new design concepts for next-generation smart ankle braces. EXPERT OPINION Performance of the commercially available braces are limited by their current design concepts. Suggestions on future brace design include: (1) incorporating high-performance materials suitable for extreme environments, (2) leveraging modeling and simulation techniques to predict mechanical support requirements, and (3) implementing adaptive, customizable componentry material to meet the needs of each unique patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjun Zhao Dubuc
- Applied Research Laboratories, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
| | - Brittney Mazzone
- DoD-VA Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence (EACE), Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, USA.,Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Adam J Yoder
- DoD-VA Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence (EACE), Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, USA.,Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Elizabeth Russell Esposito
- DoD-VA Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence (EACE), Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, USA.,Center for Limb Loss and MoBility (CLiMB), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tae Hoon Kang
- Department of Nano Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth J Loh
- Department of Structural Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shawn Farrokhi
- DoD-VA Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence (EACE), Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, USA.,Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, USA.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD
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Kim CH, Kang TH, Kim BD, Lee TH, Yoon HY, Goo YT, Choi YS, Kang MJ, Choi YW. Enhanced docetaxel delivery using sterically stabilized RIPL peptide-conjugated nanostructured lipid carriers: In vitro and in vivo antitumor efficacy against SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells. Int J Pharm 2020; 583:119393. [PMID: 32376445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Docetaxel (DTX) has poor solubility, low specificity, and severe side effects. For efficient targeting of DTX to hepsin-overexpressing SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells, PEGylated and RIPL peptide (IPLVVPLRRRRRRRRC)-conjugated nanostructured lipid carriers (PEG-RIPL-NLCs) were examined for in vitro and in vivo antitumor efficacy. DTX-loaded plain NLCs (DTX-pNLCs), RIPL-NLCs (DTX-RIPL-NLCs), and PEG-RIPL-NLCs (DTX-PEG-RIPL-NLCs) were prepared using a solvent emulsification-evaporation technique. DTX was successfully loaded with high encapsulation efficiency (>93%), and all NLCs showed homogeneous dispersion with zeta potentials varying from -17 to 15 mV. Drug release was biphasic: initial rapid release, then gradual release. In vitro cytotoxicity was time- and dose-dependent: DTX-RIPL-NLCs and DTX-PEG-RIPL-NLCs exhibited greater cytotoxicity, enhanced cell apoptosis owing to the cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, and increased activation of the mitochondria-related intrinsic apoptosis pathway compared to DTX-pNLCs. Pharmacokinetic experiments in male Sprague-Dawley rats revealed that DTX-PEG-RIPL-NLCs increased the mean residence time of DTX but reduced total body clearance and volume of distribution. In a SKOV3-bearing xenograft Balb/c athymic mouse model, DTX-PEG-RIPL-NLCs suppressed tumors, evidenced by tumor volume change and histopathological examination. Thus, we conclude that PEG-RIPL-NLCs have an advantage of high payload of poorly water-soluble drugs and are a good candidate for drug targeting to SKOV3-derived ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae Hoon Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byoung Deok Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae Hwa Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ho Yub Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoon Tae Goo
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Seok Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myung Joo Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Wook Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
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Goo YT, Song SH, Yeom DW, Chae BR, Yoon HY, Kim CH, Park SY, Kang TH, Lee S, Choi YW. Enhanced oral bioavailability of valsartan in rats using a supersaturable self-microemulsifying drug delivery system with P-glycoprotein inhibitors. Pharm Dev Technol 2019; 25:178-186. [PMID: 31631736 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2019.1683749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Valsartan (VST) is a poorly water-soluble drug and a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate. To enhance the dissolution and oral absorption of VST, a novel supersaturable self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (Su-SMEDDS) was formulated. Based on the previously reported Su-SMEDDS composed of Capmul® MCM (oil), Tween® 20 (T20; surfactant), Transcutol® P (cosurfactant), and Poloxamer 407 (supersaturating agent), P-gp inhibitory surfactants including Tween® 80 (T80) and Cremophor® EL (CR) were newly introduced to replace T20. All Su-SMEDDS formulations had a droplet size of <200 nm and showed rapid (>90% within 5 min) and pH-independent dissolution characteristics. The effective permeability coefficient (Peff) in rat jejunum was obtained using an in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion study: Peff values of Su-SMEDDS-T20, Su-SMEDDS-T80, and Su-SMEDDS-CR were 2.3, 4.1, and 3.4 times greater, respectively, than that of the VST solution. After oral administration of various formulations to rats (equivalent dose of VST 10 mg/kg), plasma drug levels were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The relative bioavailabilities of Su-SMEDDS-T20, Su-SMEDDS-T80, and Su-SMEDDS-CR were 262%, 470%, and 458%, respectively, compared with the VST suspension. Thus, we propose that the Su-SMEDDS-T80 formulation is a good candidate for improving the oral absorption of poorly water-soluble and P-gp substrate drugs such as VST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Tae Goo
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seh Hyon Song
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, Busan, Korea
| | - Dong Woo Yeom
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo Ram Chae
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Yub Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Tae Hoon Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sangkil Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
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Yoon HY, Chang IH, Goo YT, Kim CH, Kang TH, Kim SY, Lee SJ, Song SH, Whang YM, Choi YW. Intravesical delivery of rapamycin via folate-modified liposomes dispersed in thermo-reversible hydrogel. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:6249-6268. [PMID: 31496684 PMCID: PMC6689153 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s216432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To develop an intravesical instillation system for the treatment of bladder cancer, rapamycin (Rap) was encapsulated into liposomes and then homogeneously dispersed throughout a poloxamer 407 (P407)-based hydrogel. Methods Rap-loaded conventional liposomes (R-CL) and folate-modified liposomes (R-FL) were prepared using a film hydration method and pre-loading technique, and characterized by particle size, drug entrapment efficiency, and drug loading. The cellular uptake behavior in folate receptor-expressing bladder cancer cells was observed by flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy using a fluorescent probe. In vitro cytotoxic effects were evaluated using MTT assay, colony forming assay, and Western blot. For in vivo intravesical instillation, Rap-loaded liposomes were dispersed in P407-gel, generating R-CL/P407 and R-FL/P407. Gel-forming capacities and drug release were evaluated. Using the MBT2/Luc orthotopic bladder cancer mouse model, in vivo antitumor efficacy was evaluated according to regions of interest (ROI) measurement. Results R-CL and R-FL were successfully prepared, at approximately <160 nm, 42% entrapment efficiency, and 57 μg/mg drug loading. FL cellular uptake was enhanced over 2-fold than that of CL; folate receptor-mediated endocytosis was confirmed using a competitive assay with folic acid pretreatment. In vitro cytotoxic effects increased dose-dependently. Rap-loaded liposomes inhibited mTOR signaling and induced autophagy in urothelial carcinoma cells. With gelation time of <30 seconds and gel duration of >12 hrs, both R-CL/P407 and R-FL/P407 preparations transformed into gel immediately after instillation into the mouse bladder. Drug release from the liposomal gel was erosion controlled. In orthotopic bladder cancer mouse model, statistically significant differences in ROI values were found between R-CL/P407 and R-FL/P407 groups at day 11 (P=0.0273) and day 14 (P=0.0088), indicating the highest tumor growth inhibition by R-FL/P407. Conclusion Intravesical instillation of R-FL/P407 might represent a good candidate for bladder cancer treatment, owing to its enhanced retention and FR-targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Yub Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-ang University , Seoul, Korea
| | - In Ho Chang
- College of Medicine, Chung-ang University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Tae Goo
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-ang University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-ang University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-ang University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Yeon Kim
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center , Goyang, Korea
| | - Sang Jin Lee
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center , Goyang, Korea
| | - Seh Hyon Song
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University , Busan, Korea
| | - Young Mi Whang
- College of Medicine, Chung-ang University , Seoul, Korea
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Son HY, Chae BR, Choi JY, Shin DJ, Goo YT, Lee ES, Kang TH, Kim CH, Yoon HY, Choi YW. Optimization of self-microemulsifying drug delivery system for phospholipid complex of telmisartan using D-optimal mixture design. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208339. [PMID: 30517187 PMCID: PMC6281252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To improve the dissolution behavior of telmisartan (TMS), a poorly water-soluble angiotensin II receptor blocker, TMS-phospholipid complex (TPC) was prepared by solvent evaporation method and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffractometry. The crystalline structure of TMS was transited into an amorphous state by TPC formation. The equilibrium solubility of TPC (1.3-6.1 mg/mL) in various vehicles was about 100 times higher than that of TMS (0.009-0.058 mg/mL). TPC-loaded self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) formulation was optimized using the D-optimal mixture design with the composition of 14% Capryol 90 (oil; X1), 59.9% tween 80 (surfactant; X2), and 26.1% tetraglycol (cosurfactant; X3) as independent variables, which resulted in a droplet size of 22.17 nm (Y1), TMS solubilization of 4.06 mg/mL (Y2), and 99.4% drug release in 15 min (Y3) as response factors. The desirability function value was 0.854, indicating the reliability and accuracy of optimization; in addition, good agreement was found between the model prediction and experimental values of Y1, Y2, and Y3. Dissolution of raw TMS was poor and pH-dependent, where it had extremely low dissolution (< 1% for 2 h) in water, pH 4, and pH 6.8 media; however, it showed fast and high dissolution (> 90% in 5 min) in pH 1.2 medium. In contrast, the dissolution of the optimized TPC-loaded SMEDDS was pH-independent and reached over 90% within 5 min in all the media tested. Thus, we suggested that phospholipid complex formation and SMEDDS formulation using the experimental design method might be a promising approach to enhance the dissolution of poorly soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Yong Son
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Ram Chae
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeh Choi
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Dong Jun Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Tae Goo
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Seok Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Yub Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Wook Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim CH, Sung SW, Lee ES, Kang TH, Yoon HY, Goo YT, Cho HR, Kim DY, Kang MJ, Choi YS, Lee S, Choi YW. Sterically Stabilized RIPL Peptide-Conjugated Nanostructured Lipid Carriers: Characterization, Cellular Uptake, Cytotoxicity, and Biodistribution. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:E199. [PMID: 30360549 PMCID: PMC6321264 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10040199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As a platform for hepsin-specific drug delivery, we previously prepared IPLVVPLRRRRRRRRC peptide (RIPL)-conjugated nanostructured lipid carriers (RIPL-NLCs) composed of Labrafil® M 1944 CS (liquid oil) and Precirol® ATO 5 (solid lipid). In this study, to prevent the recognition by the mononuclear phagocyte system, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified RIPL-NLCs (PEG-RIPL-NLCs) were prepared using PEG3000 at different grafting ratios (1, 5, and 10 mole %). All prepared NLCs showed a homogeneous dispersion (130⁻280 nm), with zeta potentials varying from -18 to 10 mV. Docetaxel (DTX) was successfully encapsulated in NLCs: encapsulation efficiency (93⁻95%); drug-loading capacity (102⁻109 µg/mg). PEG-RIPL-NLCs with a grafting ratio of 5% PEG or higher showed significantly reduced protein adsorption and macrophage phagocytosis. The uptake of PEG(5%)-RIPL-NLCs by cancer cell lines was somewhat lower than that of RIPL-NLCs because of the PEG-induced steric hindrance; however, the uptake level of PEG-RIPL-NLCs was still greater than that of plain NLCs. In vivo biodistribution was evaluated after tail vein injection of NLCs to normal mice. Compared to RIPL-NLCs, PEG(5%)-RIPL-NLCs showed lower accumulation in the liver, spleen, and lung. In conclusion, we found that PEG(5%)-RIPL-NLCs could be a promising nanocarrier for selective drug targeting with a high payload of poorly water-soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heuksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
| | - Si Woo Sung
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heuksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
| | - Eun Seok Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heuksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
| | - Tae Hoon Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heuksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
| | - Ho Yub Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heuksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
| | - Yoon Tae Goo
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heuksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
| | - Ha Ra Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Korea.
| | - Dong Yoon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Korea.
| | - Myung Joo Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Korea.
| | - Yong Seok Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Korea.
| | - Sangkil Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Daegu 704-701, Korea.
| | - Young Wook Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heuksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
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Kim CH, Sa CK, Goh MS, Lee ES, Kang TH, Yoon HY, Battogtokh G, Ko YT, Choi YW. pH-sensitive PEGylation of RIPL peptide-conjugated nanostructured lipid carriers: design and in vitro evaluation. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:6661-6675. [PMID: 30425481 PMCID: PMC6204877 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s184355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RIPL peptide (IPLVVPLRRRRRRRRC)-conjugated nanostructured lipid carriers (RIPL-NLCs) can facilitate selective drug delivery to hepsin (Hpn)-expressing cancer cells, but they exhibit low stability in the blood. Generally, biocompatible and nontoxic poly(ethylene glycol) surface modification (PEGylation) can enhance NLC stability, although this may impair drug delivery and NLC clearance. To attain RIPL-NLC steric stabilization without impairing function, pH-sensitive cleavable PEG (cPEG) was grafted onto RIPL-NLCs (cPEG-RIPL-NLCs). METHODS Various types of NLC formulations including RIPL-NLCs, PEG-RIPL-NLCs, and cPEG-RIPL-NLCs were prepared using the solvent emulsification-evaporation method and characterized for particle size, zeta potential (ZP), and cytotoxicity. The steric stabilization effect was evaluated by plasma protein adsorption and phagocytosis inhibition studies. pH-sensitive cleavage was investigated using the dialysis method under different pH conditions. Employing a fluorescent probe (1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate [DiI]), in vitro drug delivery capacity of the cPEG-RIPL-NLCs under different pH conditions was also performed on Hpn-expressing SKOV3 cells and 3D-tumor spheroids. RESULTS All prepared NLCs showed homogenous dispersion (<220 nm in size) with a negative ZP (-18 to -22 mV), except for positively charged RIPL-NLCs (~10 mV), revealing no significant cytotoxicity in either SKOV3 or RAW 264.7 cell lines. cPEG-RIPL-NLC protein adsorption was 1.75-fold less than that of RIPL-NLCs, and PEGylation significantly reduced the macrophage uptake. PEG detachment from the cPEG-RIPL-NLCs was pH-sensitive and time dependent. At 2 hours incubation, cPEG-RIPL-NLCs and PEG-RIPL-NLCs exhibited comparable cellular uptake at pH 7.4, whereas cPEG-RIPL-NLC uptake was increased over 2-fold at pH 6.5. 3D-spheroid penetration also demonstrated pH-sensitivity: at pH 7.4, cPEG-RIPL-NLCs could not penetrate deep into the spheroid core region during 2 hours, whereas at pH 6.5, high fluorescence intensity in the core region was observed for both cPEG-RIPL-NLC-and RIPL-NLC-treated groups. CONCLUSION cPEG-RIPL-NLCs are good candidates for Hpn-selective drug targeting in conjunction with pH-responsive PEG cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
| | - Cheol-Ki Sa
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
| | - Min Su Goh
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
| | - Eun Seok Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
| | - Tae Hoon Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
| | - Ho Yub Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
| | | | - Young Tag Ko
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Wook Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
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Nam SH, Kanwal S, Nam DE, Lee MH, Kang TH, Jung SC, Choi BO, Chung KW. Association of miR-149 polymorphism with onset age and severity in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A. Neuromuscul Disord 2018; 28:502-507. [PMID: 29729827 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A) is caused by 1.5-fold increased dosage of the PMP22; however, onset age and severity vary considerably among patients. The exact reason behind these phenotypic heterogeneities has rarely been discovered yet. Because miRNAs are the key regulators of gene expression, we speculated that variants of miRNAs might be the genetic modifiers for CMT1A. This study noticed a common single nucleotide polymorphism (n.86T > C, rs2292832) in the miR-149 which was predicted to target several CMT causing genes including PMP22. The rs2292832 was located near the 3' end of the precursor microRNA of the miR-149. We performed an association study between the rs2292832 polymorphism and clinical phenotypes of CMT1A in subjects consisting of 176 unrelated Korean CMT1A patients and 176 controls. From this study, we observed that rs2292832 was closely associated to the onset age and severity of CMT1A. Particularly, the TC and CC genotypes were significantly associated with late onset and mild symptom. Therefore, we suggest that the rs2292832 variant in the miR-149 is a potential candidate as a genetic modifier which affects the phenotypic heterogeneity of CMT1A. This study may provide the first evidence that polymorphism in the miR gene is associated with the CMT1A phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Hyun Nam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumaira Kanwal
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Sahiwal Campus, Pakistan
| | - Da Eun Nam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hee Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Chul Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Ok Choi
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Tech, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki Wha Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, Republic of Korea.
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Kang TH, Lee YM, Lee WJ, Hwang EI, Park KD, Choi GJ, Moon JS, Park HY, Kim SU. Antifungal Activities of Dimeric Sesquiterpenes, Shizukaols C and F, Isolated from Chloranthus japonicus Sieb. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 27:1272-1275. [DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1612.12051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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12
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Lee WJ, Moon JS, Kim SI, Bahn YS, Lee H, Kang TH, Shin HM, Kim SU. A Phenylpropanoid Glycoside as a Calcineurin Inhibitor Isolated from Magnolia obovata Thunb. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 25:1429-32. [PMID: 26174771 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1506.06031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
To identify plant-derived cell signaling inhibitors with antifungal properties, a twocomponent screening system using both wild-type Cryptococcus neoformans and a calcineurin mutant was employed owing to their counter-regulatory actions on the Hog1 mitogenactivated protein kinase and calcineurin pathways. Of the 2,000 plant extracts evaluated, a single bioactive compound from M. obovata Thunb. was found to act specifically on the calcineurin pathway of C. neoformans. This compound was identified as magnoloside A, and had potent antifungal activities against various Cryptococcus strains with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 1.0 to 4.0 μg/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Jeong Lee
- Division of Biosystems Research, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sun Moon
- Division of Biosystems Research, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung In Kim
- Division of Biosystems Research, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Sun Bahn
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanna Lee
- Korea Promotion Institute for Traditional Medicine Industry, Gyeongsan 712-260, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Kang
- Korea Promotion Institute for Traditional Medicine Industry, Gyeongsan 712-260, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung Mook Shin
- Korea Promotion Institute for Traditional Medicine Industry, Gyeongsan 712-260, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Uk Kim
- Division of Biosystems Research, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
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Kang TH, Bagkar NC, Jung YS, Chun HH, Shin SC, Cho H, Kim JK, Kim TG. Development of inorganic and organic hybrid nanocoating based on carbon nanotubes for corrosion resistance. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2014; 14:7824-7829. [PMID: 25942874 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2014.9394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report the synthesis and characterization of novel hybrid nanocoating based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on anodized aluminum surfaces (AAO). The hybrid nanocoating was deposited by number of methods which include spray coating, spin coating and dip coating. The bonding of nanocoating with metal surface is an important parameter for successful modification of the metal surfaces. The improved adhesion of nanocoating on metal surfaces could be attributed to chemical bonding of sol-gel nanocoating with anodized surfaces. The nanocoated anodized aluminum surfaces showed superior adhesion and excellent anticorrosive properties. The nanocoated panels showed enhanced galvanic protection comparable to 80% of titanium metal as determined by galvanic corrosion measurements. It also showed higher thermal conductivities than stainless steel and bare anodized surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hoon Kang
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, Korea
| | - Dae Yeon Kim
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, Korea
| | - Yong Weon Seo
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, Korea
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15
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Kim HJ, Bak KH, Chun HJ, Oh SJ, Kang TH, Yang MS. Posterior interspinous fusion device for one-level fusion in degenerative lumbar spine disease : comparison with pedicle screw fixation - preliminary report of at least one year follow up. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2012; 52:359-64. [PMID: 23133725 PMCID: PMC3488645 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2012.52.4.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Transpedicular screw fixation has some disadvantages such as postoperative back pain through wide muscle dissection, long operative time, and cephalad adjacent segmental degeneration (ASD). The purposes of this study are investigation and comparison of radiological and clinical results between interspinous fusion device (IFD) and pedicle screw. Methods From Jan. 2008 to Aug. 2009, 40 patients underwent spinal fusion with IFD combined with posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF). In same study period, 36 patients underwent spinal fusion with pedicle screw fixation as control group. Dynamic lateral radiographs, visual analogue scale (VAS), and Korean version of the Oswestry disability index (K-ODI) scores were evaluated in both groups. Results The lumbar spine diseases in the IFD group were as followings; spinal stenosis in 26, degenerative spondylolisthesis in 12, and intervertebral disc herniation in 2. The mean follow up period was 14.24 months (range; 12 to 22 months) in the IFD group and 18.3 months (range; 12 to 28 months) in pedicle screw group. The mean VAS scores was preoperatively 7.16±2.1 and 8.03±2.3 in the IFD and pedicle screw groups, respectively, and improved postoperatively to 1.3±2.9 and 1.2±3.2 in 1-year follow ups (p<0.05). The K-ODI was decreased significantly in an equal amount in both groups one year postoperatively (p<0.05). The statistics revealed a higher incidence of ASD in pedicle screw group than the IFD group (p=0.029). Conclusion Posterior IFD has several advantages over the pedicle screw fixation in terms of skin incision, muscle dissection and short operative time and less intraoperative estimated blood loss. The IFD with PLIF may be a favorable technique to replace the pedicle screw fixation in selective case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Jung Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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16
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Lee S, An S, Kang TH, Kim KH, Chang NH, Kang S, Kwak CK, Park HS. Comparison of mesenchymal-like stem/progenitor cells derived from supernumerary teeth with stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth. Regen Med 2011; 6:689-99. [DOI: 10.2217/rme.11.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: Dental tissue has been the focus of attention as an easily accessible postnatal tissue source of high-quality stem cells. Since the first report on the dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) from permanent third molar teeth, stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) were identified as a population distinct from DPSCs. In this study, we compared DPSCs from supernumerary teeth and SHED in three age- and sex-matched patients. Patients & methods: Dental samples were obtained from the three patients, who were 6 years old and male, with the parental consent of the three donors, and then isolated cells from dental pulp for comparative analysis between supernumerary DPSCs and SHED. Results: Colony-forming unit fibroblast levels and the proliferation rate of supernumerary DPSCs were slightly lower than that of SHED. The expression of cell surface antigens in supernumerary DPSCs and SHED were almost identical. Cells were mainly expressing endogenous mesodermal and ectodermal lineage markers. Differentiation capacity to osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic lineage was similar in the SHED and supernumerary DPSCs. Migration assay revealed that both supernumerary DPSCs and SHED rapidly migrated toward wounded areas. Supernumerary DPSCs were altered in cell growth after storage for 2 years. Specially, the population doubling time of supernumerary DPSCs increased while that of SHED remained nearly unchanged. Conclusion: Both supernumerary teeth and deciduous teeth share many characteristics, such as highly proliferative clonogenic cells with a similar immunophenotype to that of mesenchymal stem cells, although they are inferior to SHED for long-term banking. Our findings suggest that supernumerary teeth are also easily accessible and noninvasive sources of postnatal stem cells with multipotency and regenerative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunray Lee
- Stem Cell Niche Division, Research Institute, Modern Cell and Tissue Technologies, Gongneung2dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-743, Korea
- Research Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-Dong, Seoungbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-710, Korea
| | - Soyoun An
- Department of Pediatric dentistry, College of Dentistry, Won-kwang University 1142 San-bon Dong, Gun-po city, Kyung-gi Do 435-040, Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Kang
- Stem Cell Niche Division, Research Institute, Modern Cell and Tissue Technologies, Gongneung2dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-743, Korea
| | - Kyung Hye Kim
- Stem Cell Niche Division, Research Institute, Modern Cell and Tissue Technologies, Gongneung2dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-743, Korea
| | - Nicole Hyesoo Chang
- Bute Medical School, University of St Andrews, Westburn Lane, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9TS, UK
| | - Seongman Kang
- Research Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-Dong, Seoungbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-710, Korea
| | - Chang Kon Kwak
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, CEFO Co. Ltd, 46-21 Susongdong, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-140, South Korea
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Kim JH, Kang TH, Noh KH, Bae HC, Ahn YH, Lee YH, Choi EY, Chun KH, Lee SJ, Kim TW. Blocking the immunosuppressive axis with small interfering RNA targeting interleukin (IL)-10 receptor enhances dendritic cell-based vaccine potency. Clin Exp Immunol 2011; 165:180-9. [PMID: 21592111 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04410.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving dendritic cell (DC) functions is highly promising for therapeutic intervention of diverse diseases, including cancer. Immunosuppressive cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-10 produced by DCs themselves (autocrine) and other regulatory immune cells (paracrine) down-regulate functional profiles of DCs through specific cell surface receptors such as IL-10R. Here, we tried to improve DC functions using small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology to block an IL-10R-mediated immunosuppressive axis. DCs modified with siRNA targeting against IL-10R or IL-10 (DC/siIL-10R or DC/siIL-10) led to up-regulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, CD40 co-stimulatory molecule, and IL-12 proinflammatory cytokine after lipopolysacharide (LPS) stimulation compared to DC/siGFP. Notably, the LPS-induced functional profiles of DC/siIL-10R were strongly resistant to the addition of recombinant IL-10, which mimicked paracrine IL-10. In contrast, those of DC/siIL-10 were reversed by adding exogenous IL-10. Consistently, DC/siIL-10R generated more human papilloma virus (HPV) E7-specific CD8(+) T cells and stronger anti-tumour effects against E7-expressing TC-1 tumour cells in vaccinated mice than DC/siGFP, as well as DC/siIL-10. Taken together, these results provide the groundwork for future clinical translation of siRNA-mediated strategy targeting IL-10R to enhance DC-based vaccine potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Kim
- Division of Infection and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV), particularly type 16, has been associated with a subset of head and neck cancers. The viral-encoded oncogenic proteins E6 and E7 represent ideal targets for immunotherapy against HPV-associated head and neck cancers. DNA vaccines have emerged as attractive approaches for immunotherapy due to its simplicity, safety, and ease of preparation. Intradermal administration of DNA vaccine via gene gun represents an efficient method to deliver DNA directly into dendritic cells for priming antigen-specific T cells. We have previously shown that a DNA vaccine encoding an invariant chain (Ii), in which the class II-associated Ii peptide (CLIP) region has been replaced by a Pan-DR-epitope (PADRE) sequence to form Ii-PADRE, is capable of generating PADRE-specific CD4+ T cells in vaccinated mice. In the current study, we hypothesize a DNA vaccine encoding Ii-PADRE linked to E6 (Ii-PADRE-E6) will further enhance E6-specific CD8+ T cell immune responses through PADRE-specific CD4+ T helper cells. We found that mice vaccinated with Ii-PADRE-E6 DNA generated comparable levels of PADRE-specific CD4+ T cell immune responses as well as significantly stronger E6-specific CD8+ T cell immune responses and antitumor effects against the lethal challenge of E6-expressing tumor compared to mice vaccinated with Ii-E6 DNA. Taken together, our data indicates that vaccination with Ii-E6 DNA with PADRE replacing the CLIP region is capable of enhancing the E6-specific CD8+ T cell immune response generated by the Ii-E6 DNA. Thus, Ii-PADRE-E6 represents a novel DNA vaccine for the treatment of HPV-associated head and neck cancer and other HPV-associated malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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Chun HJ, Bak KH, Kang TH, Yi HJ. Rod migration into the posterior fossa after harms operation : case report and review of literatures. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2010; 47:221-3. [PMID: 20379477 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2010.47.3.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2009] [Revised: 06/18/2009] [Accepted: 01/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
C1 lateral mass and C2 pedicle (C1LM-C2P) fixation is a relatively new technique for atlantoaxial stabilization. Complications from C1LM-C2P fixation have been rarely reported. The authors report unilateral rod migration into the posterior fossa as a rare complication after this posterior C1-C2 stabilization technique. A 23-year-old man suffered severe head trauma and cervical spine injury after vehicle accident. He was unconscious for 2 months and regained consciousness. He underwent C1LM-C2P fixation for stabilization of type II odontoid process fracture described by Harms. The patient recovered without a major complication. Twenty months after operation, brain computed tomogram performed at psychology department for disability evaluation showed rod migration into the right cerebellar hemisphere. The patient had mild occipital headache and dizziness only regarding the misplaced rod. He refused further operation for rod removal. To our knowledge, this complication is the first report regarding rod migration after Harms method. We should be kept in mind the possibility of rod migration, and C1LM-C2P fixation should be performed with meticulous technique and long-term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung-Joon Chun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
Intramuscular administration of DNA vaccines can lead to the generation of antigen-specific immune responses through cross-priming mechanisms. We propose a strategy that is capable of leading to local inflammation and enhancing cross-priming, thus resulting in improved antigen-specific immune responses. Therefore, in the current study, we evaluated immunologic responses elicited through electroporation mediated intramuscular administration of a DNA vaccine encoding calreticulin (CRT) linked to HPV-16 E7 (CRT/E7) in combination with DNA expressing HLA-A2 as compared to CRT/E7 DNA vaccination alone. We found that the co-administration of a DNA vaccine in conjunction with a DNA encoding an xenogenic MHC molecule could significantly enhance the E7-specific CD8+ T cell immune responses as well an antitumor effects against an E7-expressing tumor, TC-1 in C57BL/6 tumor-bearing mice. Furthermore, a similar enhancement in E7-specific immune responses was observed by co-administration of CRT/E7 DNA with DNA encoding other types of xenogenic MHC class I molecules. This strategy was also applicable to another antigenic system, ovalbumin. Further characterization of the injection site revealed that co-administration of HLA-A2 DNA led to a significant increase in the number of infiltrating CD8+ T lymphocytes as well as CD11b/c+ antigen presenting cells. Furthermore, the E7-specific immune responses generated by intramuscular co-administration of CRT/E7 with HLA-A2 DNA were reduced in HLA-A2 transgenic mice. Thus, our data suggest that intramuscular co-administration of DNA encoding xenogenic MHC class I can further improve the antigen-specific immune responses as well as antitumor effects generated by DNA vaccines through enhancement of cross-priming mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Kang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Jeong HJ, Moon PD, Kim SJ, Seo JU, Kang TH, Kim JJ, Kang IC, Um JY, Kim HM, Hong SH. Activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 regulates human histidine decarboxylase expression. Cell Mol Life Sci 2009; 66:1309-19. [PMID: 19266161 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-9001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Histidine decarboxylase (HDC) catalyzes the formation of histamine from histidine. Histamine has various effects in physiological and pathological reactions, such as inflammation, cell growth, and neuro-transmission. We investigated the role of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 on hypoxia-induced HDC expression in human mast cell line, HMC-1 cells and mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs). Hypoxia significantly increased histamine production. HDC expression and activity were induced by hypoxia. Additionally, when cells were transfected with a native form of HIF-1alpha, hypoxia could induce higher HDC expression than in the nontransfected cell. HIF-1 binding activity for HDC 5' flanking region (HFR) was similar to that for the hypoxia-responsive element. Using HDC promoter deletion analysis, we also demonstrated that HFR was regulated by HIF-1 activation. In addition, depletion of HIF-1alpha prevents hypoxic induction of HDC in BMMCs. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that hypoxia induces HDC expression by transcriptional mechanisms dependent upon HIF-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Jeong
- Biochip Research Center, Hoseo University, 165 Sechul-ri, Baebang-myun, Asan, Chungnam 336-795, Republic of Korea
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Kim DC, Kang TH, Kim MA, Jeon YK. Intranodal Palisaded Myofibroblastoma with Desmin Expression - A Brief Case Report -. Korean J Pathol 2009. [DOI: 10.4132/koreanjpathol.2009.43.3.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Chul Kim
- Department of Pathology, GyeongSang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Kang
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min A Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Kyung Jeon
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Kang TH, Hwang EI, Yun BS, Shin CS, Kim SU. Chitin Synthase 2 Inhibitory Activity of O-Methyl Pisiferic Acid and 8,20-Dihydroxy-9(11),13-abietadien-12-one, Isolated from Chamaecyparis pisifera. Biol Pharm Bull 2008; 31:755-9. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.31.755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hoon Kang
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology
| | - Eui Il Hwang
- Ginseng Science Research Group, KT&G Central Research Institute
| | - Bong Sik Yun
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology
| | - Chul Soo Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Yonsei University
| | - Sung Uk Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology
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Kang TH, Hwang EI, Yun BS, Park KD, Kwon BM, Shin CS, Kim SU. Inhibition of chitin synthases and antifungal activities by 2'-benzoyloxycinnamaldehyde from Pleuropterus ciliinervis and its derivatives. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 30:598-602. [PMID: 17329866 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.30.598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the course of search for potent chitin synthase inhibitors from natural resources, a novel chitin synthases inhibitor, 2'-benzoyloxycinnamaldehyde (2'-BCA) (I), was isolated from the aerial parts of Pleuropterus ciliinervis NAKAI. 2'-BCA inhibited chitin synthase 1 and 2 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with the IC50s of 54.9 and 70.8 microg/ml, respectively, whereas it exhibited no inhibitory activity for chitin synthase 3 up to 280 microg/ml. Its derivatives, 2'-chloro- (V) and 2(-bromo-cinnamaldehyde (VI), each showed 1.9 and 2.7-fold stronger inhibitory activities than 2'-BCA, with the IC50s of 37.2 and 26.6 microg/ml, respectively. Especially, the IC50 of compound VI against chitin synthase 2 represented 1.7-fold more potent inhibitory activity than polyoxin D, a well-known chitin synthase inhibitor. Furthermore, compounds V and VI showed potent antifungal activities against various fungi including human pathogenic fungi, with a particularly strong inhibitory activity against Cryptococcus neoformans (MIC = 16 microg/ml). Although the chemical synthesis of this compound has been reported, the present study is the first report to describe the isolation of 2'-BCA from natural resources and chitin synthases inhibitory activities of its derivatives. These results suggested that 2'-BCA and its derivatives can potentially serve as useful lead compounds for development of antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hoon Kang
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
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Hwang EI, Lee YM, Lee SM, Yeo WH, Moon JS, Kang TH, Park KD, Kim SU. Inhibition of chitin synthase 2 and antifungal activity of lignans from the stem bark of Lindera erythrocarpa. Planta Med 2007; 73:679-82. [PMID: 17538872 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-981526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Potent chitin synthase 2 inhibitors, methyllinderone (1), linderone (2) and kanakugiol (3) were isolated from the stem bark of L. erythrocarpa Makino (Lauraceae). These compounds inhibited chitin synthase 2 with IC(50) values of 23.3, 21.4 and 23.8 microg/mL, respectively. Methyllinderone (1) and linderone (2) exhibited no inhibitory activities for chitin synthases 1 and 3 from S. cerevisiae, and chitin synthase 1 from Candida albicans up to the concentration of 280 microg/mL, while kanakugiol (3) exhibited very weak activity against chitin synthase 1 of C. albicans with an IC(50) of 160 microg/mL. All of the compounds showed moderate to weak antifungal activities against various pathogenic fungi (MIC: 8 - >128 microg/mL) including Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Colletotrichum lagenarium. The results indicate that these compounds are specific inhibitors of chitin synthase 2 and can potentially serve as antifungal agents.
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Park KD, Lee JH, Kim SH, Kang TH, Moon JS, Kim SU. Synthesis of 13-(substituted benzyl) berberine and berberrubine derivatives as antifungal agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:3913-6. [PMID: 16730982 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2006] [Revised: 05/10/2006] [Accepted: 05/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
By introducing various aromatic groups in 13-C of berberine and berberrubine, a series of 13-(substituted benzyl) berberine and berberrubine derivatives were synthesized and examined for antifungal activities against various human pathogenic fungi. The synthesized compounds exhibited more potent antifungal activities than berberine and berberrubine. Among them, 13-(4-isopropyl benzyl) berberine (6e) exerted the most potent antifungal activities against Candida species (MIC=1-8 microg/ml) and a 4-fold stronger activity than 13-(4-isopropyl benzyl) berberrubine (7e) synthesized by pyrolysis of compound 6e.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Duk Park
- Division of Biomaterials Science, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
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Kang TH, Cho H, Oh H, Sohn DH, Kim YC. Flavonol glycosides with free radical-scavenging activity of Saururus chinensis. Fitoterapia 2005; 76:115-7. [PMID: 15664474 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2004.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2004] [Accepted: 10/25/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
An activity-guided fractionation procedure was used to identify the antioxidative components of the aerial parts of Saururus chinensis. The antioxidant activity was investigated with the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical- and superoxide anion-scavenging assays. Three active compounds (flavonol glycosides) were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Kang
- College of Pharmacy and PFRC, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea
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Kang TH, Yun DH, Lee EHB, Chung YB, Bae YA, Chung JY, Kang I, Kim J, Cho SY, Kong Y. A cathepsin F of adult Clonorchis sinensis and its phylogenetic conservation in trematodes. Parasitology 2004; 128:195-207. [PMID: 15030007 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182003004335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A novel 28 kDa cysteine protease (Cs28CF) secreted by the hepatobiliary trematode, Clonorchis sinensis was identified. The protease was purified from the excretory-secretory products (ESP) of the adult worm using DEAE-ion exchange and Arginine-Sepharose 4B chromatography. It showed a high activity between pH 6.5 and 7.5 in a dithiothreitol (DTT)-dependent manner. Inhibitors specific to cysteine proteases down-regulated the activity. Addition of Cs28CF to monkey cholangiocyte cultures resulted in approximately 95% cell death after 7 days. The full-length cDNA (1078 bp) encoded a single peptide of 328 amino acids (aa) with an N-terminal hydrophobic sequence, an ERFNAQ motif in the propeptide and a mature domain. Expression of mRNA transcripts of Cs28CF was observed in both the metacercaria and adult stages. Bacterially expressed recombinant protein exhibited a specific antibody reaction with clonorchiasis sera. Deduced aa exhibited 52-76% sequence identity with the cathepsin F analogues from other organisms. A novel E/DXGTA motif was recognized in the propeptide region. Phylogenetic analysis of 63 papain family members revealed that the trematode cysteine proteases formed 2 major clades of cathepsins F and L. The trematode cysteine proteases classified as cathepsin F shared higher homology among themselves than those classified as cathepsin L. Cathepsin F is phylogenetically conserved in the trematode parasites as well as in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Kang
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University Graduate School, Seoul 136-701, Korea
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Ko WG, Kang TH, Lee SJ, Kim YC, Lee BH. Effects of luteolin on the inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis in human myeloid leukaemia cells. Phytother Res 2002; 16:295-8. [PMID: 12164283 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Luteolin, a flavonoid isolated from the fruit of Vitex rotundifolia, has been examined with regard to the inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis in human myeloid leukaemia HL-60 cells. The concentration required for 50% inhibition of the growth after 96 h was 15 +/- 1.1 microM. The mode of cell death induced by luteolin was found to be apoptosis, as judged by the morphologic alteration of the cells and by the detection of DNA fragmentation using agarose gel electrophoresis. The degree of apoptosis was quantified by a sandwich enzyme immunoassay and flow cytometric analysis. These results suggest that luteolin may be used as potential chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- W G Ko
- College of Pharmacy and Medicinal Resources Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Korea
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Ko WG, Kang TH, Lee SJ, Kim YC, Lee BH. Rotundifuran, a labdane type diterpene from Vitex rotundifolia, induces apoptosis in human myeloid leukaemia cells. Phytother Res 2001; 15:535-7. [PMID: 11536386 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The inhibitory effect of rotundifuran, a labdane type diterpene isolated from the fruit of Vitex rotundifolia, on the proliferation of human myeloid leukaemia HL-60 cells was examined. The concentration required for 50% inhibition of the growth after 96 h was 22.5 microM. The mode of cell death induced by rotundifuran was found to be apoptosis, which was judged by the morphological alteration of the cells and by the detection of DNA fragmentation using agarose gel electrophoresis. The degree of apoptosis was quantified by a sandwich enzyme immunoassay and flow cytometric analysis. These results suggest that rotundifuran may be used as a potential chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- W G Ko
- College of Pharmacy and Medicinal Resources Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk 570-747, Korea
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Kim NY, Pae HO, Oh GS, Kang TH, Kim YC, Rhew HY, Chung HT. Butein, a plant polyphenol, induces apoptosis concomitant with increased caspase-3 activity, decreased Bcl-2 expression and increased Bax expression in HL-60 cells. Pharmacol Toxicol 2001; 88:261-6. [PMID: 11393587 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0773.2001.d01-114.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present study we have investigated whether butein could induce apoptosis in human leukaemic HL-60 cells. The treatment of HL-60 cells with butein induced apoptotic cell death as determined by morphological and biochemical changes. Apoptotic DNA fragments in the butein-treated HL-60 cells were increased gradually as determined by flow cytometric analysis. The caspase-3 activity was increased during butein-induced apoptosis. However, caspase-3 inhibitor abrogated the butein-induced DNA fragmentation. Furthermore, the treatment of HL-60 cells with butein decreased the expression of Bcl-2 protein, but increased the expression of Bax protein. These results suggest that butein-induced apoptosis is mediated through the activation of caspase-3 and it is associated with changed expression of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Y Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wonkwang University Medical School and Medicinal Resources Research Center of Wonkwang University, Chonbuk, Korea
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Kim NY, Kang TH, Song EK, Pae HO, Chung HT, Kim YC. Inhibitory effects of butanol fraction of the aqueous extract of Forsythia koreana on the nitric oxide production by murine macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells. J Ethnopharmacol 2000; 73:323-327. [PMID: 11025173 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(00)00298-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of butanol fraction of the aqueous extract of Forsythia koreana fruits on the nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthesis (iNOS) gene expression in murine macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells. Butanol fraction alone affected neither NO production nor iNOS gene expression in macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells. However, the butanol fraction inhibited NO production and iNOS gene expression in RAW 264. 7 cells stimulated with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). These findings suggest that inhibition of NO production by this butanol fraction in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with IFN-gamma plus LPS was due to the suppression of iNOS gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Y Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 570-749, Chonbuk, South Korea
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Ko WG, Kang TH, Kim NY, Lee SJ, Kim YC, Ko GI, Ryu SY, Lee BH. Lavandulylflavonoids: a new class of in vitro apoptogenic agents from Sophora flavescens. Toxicol In Vitro 2000; 14:429-33. [PMID: 10963959 DOI: 10.1016/s0887-2333(00)00041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The root of Sophora flavescens has been reported to possess antitumor activity in Sarcoma 180, lymphoid leukemia 1210 and melanotic melanoma. We have isolated four cytotoxic flavonoids with a lavandulyl side-chain at C8 and tested for their effects on human myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells and human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells, in terms of inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis. They showed potent antiproliferative effects with IC(50) values from 11.3 microM to 18.5 microM in HL60 cells and from 13.3 microM to 36. 2 microM in HepG2 cells. Treatment of HL-60 cells with the lavandulylflavonoids induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Apoptosis was judged by the detection of DNA fragmentation by agarose gel electrophoresis and the degree of apoptosis was quantified by a sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The hydration of C4"'C5"' double bond with or without C3 hydroxylation caused a complete loss of cytotoxicity. These results suggest that the lavandulyl side-chain is essential for the activity of the flavonoids isolated from S. flavescens which may be used as cancer chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- W G Ko
- College of Pharmacy and Medicinal Resource Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk 570-749, South Korea
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Ko WG, Kang TH, Lee SJ, Kim NY, Kim YC, Sohn DH, Lee BH. Polymethoxyflavonoids from Vitex rotundifolia inhibit proliferation by inducing apoptosis in human myeloid leukemia cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2000; 38:861-5. [PMID: 11039319 DOI: 10.1016/s0278-6915(00)00079-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Three polymethoxyflavonoids from the fruit of Vitex rotundifolia, namely 2',3',5-trihydroxy-3,6,7-trimethoxyflavone (Vx-1), vitexicarpin (Vx-5) and artemetin (Vx-6), were tested for their antiproliferative activity in human myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells. They showed a dose-dependent decrease in the growth of HL-60 cells. The concentrations required for 50% inhibition of the growth (IC50) after 96 h were 4.03 microM, 0.12 microM and 30.98 microM for Vx-1, Vx-5 and Vx-6, respectively. Treatment of HL-60 cells with the flavonoids induced morphological changes that are characteristic of apoptosis. We judged the induction of apoptosis by the detection of DNA fragmentation in agarose gel electrophoresis and the degree of apoptosis was quantified by a double-antibody sandwich ELISA and by flow cytometric analysis. The C-3 hydroxyl and C-8 methoxyl groups were found not to be essential for the activity, but the C-3' methoxyl instead of hydroxyl group lowered the antiproliferative and apoptosis inducing activity. These results suggest that the polymethoxyflavonoids isolated from V. rotundifolia may be used as potential chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- W G Ko
- College of Pharmacy and Medicinal Resource Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk, South Korea
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Kim NY, Pae HO, Kang TH, Kim YC, Lee HS, Chung HT. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate inhibits quinolone alkaloid evocarpine-induced apoptosis via activation of protein kinase A in human leukaemic HL-60 cells. Pharmacol Toxicol 2000; 87:1-5. [PMID: 10987208 DOI: 10.1111/j.0901-9928.2000.870101.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Evocarpine, an isoquinolone alkaloid isolated from the fruit of Evodia rutaecarpa, was found to induce apoptotic cell death in promyelocytic leukaemia HL-60 cells in dose- and time-dependent manners. We investigated the involvement of protein kinase A during the evocarpine-induced apoptotic cell death. Evocarpine-induced apoptosis was markedly inhibited by treatment of the cells with dibutyryl-cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Similar results were obtained with other commonly used cyclic adenosine monophosphate analogues, chlorophenylthio-cyclic adenosine monophosphate and the intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate-elevating agent, forskolin. In contrast, pretreatment of HL-60 cells with KT5720, an inhibitor of cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase A, abrogated the protective effects of cyclic adenosine monophosphate analogues and forskolin on evocrpine-induced apoptosis. These findings suggest that cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent activation of protein kinase A plays a crucial role in protecting HL-60 cells from the evocarpine-induced apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Y Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wonkwang University Medical School and Medicinal Resources Research Center of Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk, Korea
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Kang TH, Jeong SJ, Kim NY, Higuchi R, Kim YC. Sedative activity of two flavonol glycosides isolated from the flowers of Albizzia julibrissin Durazz. J Ethnopharmacol 2000; 71:321-323. [PMID: 10904180 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(99)00202-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The flowers of Albizzia julibrissin are used as a sedative in oriental traditional medicine. The phytochemical study of this plant allowed the isolation of two flavonol glycosides, quercitrin (1) and isoquercitrin (2). The sedative activity of these compounds was evaluated, and both compounds 1 and 2 increased pentobarbital-induced sleeping time in dose-dependent manner in mice. These results support the use of the flowers of this plant as a sedative agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, 570-749, Iksan, South Korea
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Kang TH, Jeong SJ, Ko WG, Kim NY, Lee BH, Inagaki M, Miyamoto T, Higuchi R, Kim YC. Cytotoxic lavandulyl flavanones from Sophora flavescens. J Nat Prod 2000; 63:680-681. [PMID: 10843587 DOI: 10.1021/np990567x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Two new lavandulylated flavanones, (2S)-2'-methoxykurarinone (1) and (-)-kurarinone (2), were isolated from the root of Sophora flavescens, together with two known lavandulyl flavanones, sophoraflavanone G (3) and leachianone A (4), and two known isoflavonoids, formononetin and l-maakiain. The structures of 1 and 2 were determined on the basis of optical rotation and spectral evidence and by comparison with known compounds. Compounds 1-4 exhibited cytotoxic activity against human myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 570-749, Korea
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Kang TH, Pae HO, Yoo JC, Kim NY, Kim YC, Ko GI, Chung HT. Antiproliferative effects of alkaloids from Sedum sarmentosum on murine and human hepatoma cell lines. J Ethnopharmacol 2000; 70:177-182. [PMID: 10771208 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(99)00164-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The whole plant of Sedum sarmentosum (SS) has been traditionally used for the treatment of chronic viral hepatitis in China and South Korea. Certain hepatitis virus causes acute and chronic hepatitis and induces hepatocellular carcinoma (HC). In the present study, we examined whether the crude alkaloid fraction (CAF) of SS had any anticancer effects on hepatoma cell lines. Murine hepatoma (BNL CL. 2) and human hepatoma (HepG2) cell lines were cultured in the presence of CAF of SS at various doses (50-150 microg/ml) for 24 or 48 h. CAF caused a dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation without necrosis or apoptosis. Antiproliferative effects of CAF of SS were associated with an increase in the number of cells in the G1 phase of cell cycle. This study suggests that SS may improve survival of hepatoma patients via the inhibition of excessive growth of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk, South Korea
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Jeong SJ, Kim NY, Kim DH, Kang TH, Ahn NH, Miyamoto T, Higuchi R, Kim YC. Hyaluronidase inhibitory active 6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-6-ones from the feces of Trogopterus xanthipes. Planta Med 2000; 66:76-77. [PMID: 10705742 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1243114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Bioassay-guided fractionation of the MeOH extract of Pteropi faeces (the feces of Trogopterus xanthipes Milne-Edwards) furnished three hyaluronidase inhibitory active 6H-dibenzo[b,d]-pyran-6-ones (1-3), together with a new compound, 3,8,10-trihydroxy-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-6-one (4). Their structures were established on the basis of the spectroscopic methods.
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Lee BH, Lee SJ, Kang TH, Kim DH, Sohn DH, Ko GI, Kim YC. Baicalein: an in vitro antigenotoxic compound from Scutellaria baicalensis. Planta Med 2000; 66:70-71. [PMID: 10705739 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1243111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Bioassay-guided fractionation of an H2O extract of the root of Scutellaria baicalensis has furnished an in vitro antigenotoxic flavonoid, baicalein (1) and 2',5,5',7-tetrahydroxy-6',8-dimethoxyflavone (2). Compound 1 exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine mutagenicity in the Salmonella typhimurium bacterial mutation assay. In the chromosome aberration assay, compound 1, at a concentration of 5 microM, reduced the frequency of chromosome aberration induced by AFB1 but increased the clastogenic effect of AFB1 at a concentration of 50 microM.
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Kim NY, Kang TH, Pae HO, Choi BM, Chung HT, Myung SW, Song YS, Sohn DH, Kim YC. In vitro inducible nitric oxide synthesis inhibitors from Alismatis Rhizoma. Biol Pharm Bull 1999; 22:1147-9. [PMID: 10549876 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.22.1147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bioassay-guided fractionation of an aqueous extract of Alismatis Rhizoma has furnished two inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitory compounds, alismol (1) and alisol B monoacetate (2), together with an inactive triterpene, alisol C monoacetate (3). Compounds 1 and 2 inhibited nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in a dose-dependent manner in murine macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) plus lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The inhibitory effects of 1 and 2 on NO synthesis were partly due to suppression of iNOS mRNA expression as determined by Northern blotting.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Y Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk, Korea
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42
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Kang TH, Pae HO, Jeong SJ, Yoo JC, Choi BM, Jun CD, Chung HT, Miyamoto T, Higuchi R, Kim YC. Scopoletin: an inducible nitric oxide synthesis inhibitory active constituent from Artemisia feddei. Planta Med 1999; 65:400-403. [PMID: 10418323 DOI: 10.1055/s-1999-14014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Bioassay-guided fractionation of an H2O extract of Artemisia feddei has furnished an inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitory coumarin, scopoletin (1) and one of the inactive sesquiterpenes, achillin (2). Compound 1 showed inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in a dose-dependent manner in murine macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) plus lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The inhibition of NO synthesis of 1 was due to suppression of iNOS mRNA and iNOS protein, as determined by Northern and Western blotting, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
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43
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Trägàrdh B, Lynch PR, Kang TH. Intravascular electrically induced thrombosis in the dog. Thrombus detection by ionic and nonionic contrast media. Radiology 1976; 121:55-7. [PMID: 959553 DOI: 10.1148/121.1.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Reliable, large, nonobstructive thrombi were produced by electrical stimulation of the wall of the inferior caval veins in dogs, thus avoiding surgical trauma or introduction of chemical substances. Metrizamide was found to adhere longer to the thrombi than an ionic medium (iothalamate) at comparable iodine concentrations. This may be due to the much higher viscosity of metrizamide.
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