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Goo YT, Kim MS, Choi JY, Sin GH, Hong SH, Kim CH, Choi YW. A cochleate formulation optimized by D-optimal mixture design enhances oral bioavailability of Revaprazan. J Liposome Res 2024; 34:31-43. [PMID: 37158827 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2023.2209171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A cochleate formulation was developed to enhance the oral bioavailability of revaprazan (RVP). Dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) liposome containing dicetyl phosphate (DCP) successfully formed a cochleate after treatment with CaCl2, whereas that containing sodium deoxycholate did not. Cochleate was optimised using a D-optimal mixture design with three independent variables-DMPC (X1, 70.58 mol%), cholesterol (X2, 22.54 mol%), and DCP (X3, 6.88 mol%)-and three response variables: encapsulation efficiency (Y1, 76.92%), released amount of free fatty acid at 2 h (Y2, 39.82%), and released amount of RVP at 6 h (Y3, 73.72%). The desirability function was 0.616, showing an excellent agreement between the predicted and experimental values. The cylindrical morphology of the optimised cochleate was visualised, and laurdan spectroscopy confirmed the dehydrated membrane interface, showing an increased generalised polarisation value (approximately 0.5) over small unilamellar vesicle of RVP (RVP-SUV; approximately 0.1). The optimised cochleate showed greater resistance to pancreatic enzyme than RVP-SUV. RVP was released in a controlled manner, achieving approximately 94% release in 12 h. Following oral administration in rats, the optimised cochleate improved the relative bioavailability of RVP by approximately 274%, 255%, and 172% compared to RVP suspension, a physical mixture of RVP and the cochleate, and RVP-SUV, respectively. Thus, the optimised cochleate formulation might be a good candidate for the practical development of RVP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Tae Goo
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Song Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeh Choi
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Gi Hyeong Sin
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ho Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Wook Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Sin GH, Hong SH, Goo YT, Jung HM, Lee S, Choi YW. Soft-capsule formulation of a re-esterified triglyceride omega-3 employing self-emulsifying technology and bioavailability evaluation in healthy volunteers. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20376. [PMID: 37767491 PMCID: PMC10520819 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the superior clinical efficacy of the re-esterified triglyceride (rTG) form compared to the ethylester form, few studies have been conducted on improving the bioavailability of the rTG form of omega-3 oil. The aim of study was to evaluate the effect of self emulsifying formulation on the improvement of bioavailability of rTG form of omega-3 oil. To develop a re-esterified triglyceride (rTG) soft capsule, an rTG-loaded self-emulsifying delivery system (SEDS) was designed using coconut oil, polysorbate 80, and lecithin. Candidate formulations were designed from a phase-diagram study and optimal SEDS formulations containing 85% of high omega-3 (ω-3) oils were screened from the evaluation of droplet size distribution, measurement of oil floating area and emulsion turbidity. The selected, optimized rTG SEDS formulation was filled into a soft capsule (NOVASEDS) and applied to a sequence-randomized, double-blind, single-dose, and two-way crossover clinical study (n = 44), and the the bioavailability of NOVASEDS was compared with that of a 'raw' rTG capsule (rTG OMEGA3) as control. The droplet size (D50) formed from the candidate formulations was approximately 30-45 μm, and the optimal formulation showed a unimodal particle distribution with the smallest oil floating area and small changes in turbidity after 24 h. Cmax and AUC from 0 to 24 h for NOVASEDS, calculated from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and as the sum of DHA and EPA, were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than corresponding values for rTG OMEGA3. In conclusion, NOVASEDS formulated by SEDS technology enabled the manufacture of a high rTG payload soft capsule with improved bioavailability in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yoon Tae Goo
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Min Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkil Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Wook Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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Lee G, Kim S, Lee I, Kang H, Lee JP, Lee J, Choi YW, Park J, Choi G, Choi K. Association between environmental chemical exposure and albumin-to-creatinine ratio is modified by hypertension status in women of reproductive age. Environ Res 2023; 231:116234. [PMID: 37236389 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Chemicals have been identified as a potential risk factor of renal dysfunction. However, studies that consider both multiple chemicals and non-chemical risk factors, such as hypertension, are rare. In this study, we assessed the associations between exposure to several chemicals, including major metals, phthalates, and phenolic compounds, and the albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR). A group of Korean adult women in reproductive age (n = 438, aged between 20 and 49 years), who had previously been studied for association of several organic chemicals, was chosen for this purpose. We constructed multivariable linear regression models for individual chemicals and weighted-quantile sum (WQS) mixtures, by hypertension status. Among the study population, approximately 8.5% of the participants exhibited micro/macro-albuminuria (ACR ≥30 mg/g), and 18.5% and 3.9% exhibited prehypertension and hypertension, respectively. Blood cadmium and lead levels showed a stronger association with ACR only among women with prehypertension or hypertension. Among organic chemicals, depending on the statistial model, benzophenone-1 (BP-1) and mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) showed a significant association regardless of hypertension status, but most associations disappeared in the (pre)hypertensive group. These findings clearly indicate that hypertension status can modify and may potentiate the association of environmental chemicals with ACR. Our observations suggest that low-level environmental pollutant exposure may have potential adverse effects on kidney function among general adult women. Considering the prevalence of prehypertension in the general population, efforts to reduce exposure to cadmium and lead are necessary among adult women to minimize the risk of adverse kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gowoon Lee
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunmi Kim
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Chemical Analysis Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Inae Lee
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Habyeong Kang
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Pyo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghwan Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Wook Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongim Park
- Department of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyuyeon Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Goo YT, Won YH, Hong SH, Choi JY, Sin GH, Kim CH, Jung HM, Choi YW. Optimization of a solidified micelle formulation for enhanced oral bioavailability of atorvastatin calcium using statistical experimental design. Pharm Dev Technol 2023; 28:479-491. [PMID: 37099663 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2023.2208206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
To enhance the oral bioavailability of atorvastatin calcium (ATV), a novel solidified micelle (S-micelle) was developed. Two surfactants, Gelucire 48/16 (G48) and Tween 20 (T20), were employed for micelle formation, and two solid carriers (SC), Florite PS-10 (FLO) and Vivapur 105 (VP105), were selected as solid carriers. The S-micelle was optimized using a Box-Behnken design with three independent variables, including G48:T20 (X1, 1.8:1), SC:G48 + T20 (X2, 0.65:1), and FLO:VP105 (X3, 1.4:0.6), resulting in a droplet size (Y1) of 198.4 nm, dissolution efficiency at 15 min in the pH 1.2 medium (Y2) of 47.6%, Carr's index (Y3) of 16.9, and total quantity (Y4) of 562.5 mg. The optimized S-micelle resulted in good correlation showing percentage prediction values less than 10%. The optimized S-micelle formed a nanosized dispersion in the aqueous phase, with a higher dissolution rate than raw ATV and crushed Lipitor®. The optimized S-micelle improved the relative bioavailability of oral ATV (25 mg equivalent/kg) in rats by approximately 509% and 271% compared to raw ATV and crushed Lipitor®, respectively. In conclusion, the optimized S-micelle possesses great potential for the development of solidified formulations for improved oral absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Tae Goo
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hoon Won
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ho Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeh Choi
- York University, Department of Psychology, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gi Hyeong Sin
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Min Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Wook Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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Won YH, Goo YT, Sin GH, Hong SH, Kim CH, Kim MJ, Lee TH, Choi YW. Immediate-release tablet formulation of rebamipide and a pharmacokinetic study in healthy human subjects. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2023; 61:273-288. [PMID: 36971320 DOI: 10.5414/cp204329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop an immediate-release tablet preparation containing rebamipide (RBM) and perform the bioavailability assessment in the healthy human subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Raw RBM powder was characterized using differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RBM tablets were manufactured by the wet granulation method, and their dissolution behavior was compared with the reference tablet (Mucosta). A phase I study (n = 47; sequence-randomized, open-label, single-dose, and two-way cross-over design) was designed for oral administration of a test formulation (F4) and Mucosta to healthy human male subjects, and pharmacokinetic parameters including the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the curve from 0 to 12 hours (AUC0-12h) were compared. RESULTS RBM powder had a multimodal size distribution with typical crystallinity, and the needle-like and elongated morphologies of RBM were visualized using SEM. Various tablet formulations (F1 - F6) were successfully manufactured using wet granulation method. F4 formulation was selected based on the dissolution profile most equivalent to that of Mucosta. F4 was stable for 6 months under accelerated and long-term storage conditions. Based on one-way analysis of variance, the AUC0-12h (F(1,92) = 2.40, p = 0.13) and tmax (F(1,92) = 0.04, p = 0.85) were not significantly different; however, the Cmax (F(1,92) = 5.45, p = 0.022) showed significant difference between F4 and reference tablets. CONCLUSION Despite similar in vitro dissolution profiles, in vivo pharmacokinetic results revealed a partial difference between F4 and reference tablets. Thus, further study on formulation development is still needed.
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Kim CH, Lee S, Choi JY, Lyu MJ, Jung HM, Goo YT, Kang MJ, Choi YW. Functionalized Lipid Nanocarriers for Simultaneous Delivery of Docetaxel and Tariquidar to Chemoresistant Cancer Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16030349. [PMID: 36986449 PMCID: PMC10058271 DOI: 10.3390/ph16030349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The simultaneous drug delivery efficiency of a co-loaded single-carrier system of docetaxel (DTX)- and tariquidar (TRQ)-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) functionalized with PEG and RIPL peptide (PRN) (D^T-PRN) was compared with that of a physically mixed dual-carrier system of DTX-loaded PRN (D-PRN) and TRQ-loaded PRN (T-PRN) to overcome DTX mono-administration-induced multidrug resistance. NLC samples were prepared using the solvent emulsification evaporation technique and showed homogeneous spherical morphology, with nano-sized dispersion (<220 nm) and zeta potential values of −15 to −7 mV. DTX and/or TRQ was successfully encapsulated in NLC samples (>95% encapsulation efficiency and 73–78 µg/mg drug loading). In vitro cytotoxicity was concentration-dependent; D^T-PRN exhibited the highest MDR reversal efficiency, with the lowest combination index value, and increased the cytotoxicity and apoptosis in MCF7/ADR cells by inducing cell-cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. A competitive cellular uptake assay using fluorescent probes showed that, compared to the dual nanocarrier system, the single nanocarrier system exhibited better intracellular delivery efficiency of multiple probes to target cells. In the MCF7/ADR-xenografted mouse models, simultaneous DTX and TRQ delivery using D^T-PRN significantly suppressed tumor growth as compared to other treatments. A single co-loaded system for PRN-based co-delivery of DTX/TRQ (1:1, w/w) constitutes a promising therapeutic strategy for drug-resistant breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkil Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeh Choi
- Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Kneele St., Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Min Jeong Lyu
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Min Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Tae Goo
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Joo Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Wook Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence:
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Yoo SJ, Kim MS, Choi YW. Pericardial diverticulum arising from the right lateral superior aortic recess: a mimicker of cystic anterior mediastinal mass. Clin Radiol 2023; 78:381-386. [PMID: 36890015 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
AIM To report the prevalence of pericardial diverticulum of the right lateral superior aortic recess (RSAR) on computed tomography (CT), to analyse the structural CT findings of whether or not the structure is large enough to be seen on chest radiographs, and to describe changes in size and shape of RSAR on follow-up CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS A well-circumscribed, fluid-attenuation lesion in the anterior mediastinum with the following CT features was defined as a pericardial diverticulum of the RSAR: no enhancing wall, communication with the RSAR, abutment to the heart with an acute angle, and moulding by adjacent structures. Chest CT images of 31 patients with the diverticulum were evaluated, including four selected from 1,130 consecutive patients (0.4%). RESULTS The diverticulum projected ventrally from the RSAR and its largest size on axial CT ranged between 12-56 mm. Although the RSAR and the largest diverticular portion were usually seen on the same axial image (n=19), the latter sometimes lay above (n=1) or below (n=11) the former. On sagittal images, the last 11 diverticula resembled teardrops hanging from the RSAR by small stems. All of the 24 patients, each with 1-31 follow-up CT examinations, showed size fluctuations ranging between 1-46 mm (mean, 16 mm) during a follow-up period of 0.5-172 months (mean, 65 months). The diverticulum was not identifiable in five cases and was identifiable but did not show a connection with the RSAR in three cases when the diverticulum was smallest in size. CONCLUSIONS In cases of cystic anterior mediastinal mass, a deliberate search for its connection with the RSAR on all available CT images including previous studies is necessary for the diagnosis of pericardial diverticulum of the RSAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Yoo
- Department of Radiology, Hanyang University Medical Center, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - M S Kim
- Department of Radiology, Hanyang University Medical Center, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Family Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y W Choi
- Department of Radiology, Hanyang University Medical Center, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Noh G, Keum T, Raj V, Kim J, Thapa C, Shakhakarmi K, Kang MJ, Goo YT, Choi YW, Lee S. Assessment of hydrophobic-ion paired insulin incorporated SMEDDS for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:911-922. [PMID: 36403777 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To overcome the low oral bioavailability of insulin, we hypothesized that the insulin-hydrophobic ion pairing (HIP) complex incorporated self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) would be beneficial. In the present study, an oral insulin delivery system was developed and estimated using the HIP technique and SMEDDS. Further insulin-HIP complexes were characterized using various spectroscopical techniques. Additionally, insulin-HIP complexes were subjected to analysis of complexes' conformational stability in the real physiological solution using computational approaches. On the other hand, in vitro, and in vivo studies were carried out to investigate the permeability and hypoglycemic effect. Subsequently, in an in vitro non-everted gut sac study, the apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) was approximately 8-fold higher in the colon than in the jejunum, and the HIP-incorporated SMEDDS showed an approximately 3-fold higher Papp value than the insulin solution. The hypoglycemic effect after in situ colon instillation, the HIP complex between insulin and sodium docusate-incorporated SMEDDS showed a pharmacological availability of 2.52 ± 0.33 % compared to the subcutaneously administered insulin solution. Thus, based on these outcomes, it can be concluded that the selection of appropriate counterions is important in developing HIP-incorporated SMEDDS, wherein this system shows promise as a tool for oral peptide delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyubin Noh
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Taekwang Keum
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Vinit Raj
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghwan Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Chhitij Thapa
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Kanchan Shakhakarmi
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Joo Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Tae Goo
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Wook Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkil Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea.
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Choi J, Jung TY, Kim JH, Maeng S, Kang SJ, Kim M, Choi YW, Choi SY, Kim SH, Chang IH. Efficacy of recombinant Bacillus Calmette-Guérin containing dltA in in vivo three-dimensional bio-printed bladder cancer-on-a-chip and ex vivo orthotopic mouse model. Investig Clin Urol 2023. [DOI: 10.4111/icu.20220293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joongwon Choi
- Department of Urology, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Gwangmyeong, Korea
| | | | - Jung Hoon Kim
- Department of Urology, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Gwangmyeong, Korea
| | - Sejung Maeng
- Department of Urology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Jeong Kang
- Department of Urology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mirinae Kim
- Department of Urology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Wook Choi
- Department of Urology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se Young Choi
- Department of Urology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - In Ho Chang
- Department of Urology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Goo YT, Lee S, Choi JY, Kim MS, Sin GH, Hong SH, Kim CH, Song SH, Choi YW. Enhanced oral absorption of insulin: hydrophobic ion pairing and a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system using a D-optimal mixture design. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:2831-2845. [PMID: 36050870 PMCID: PMC9448375 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2118399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipophilicity of a peptide drug can be considerably increased by hydrophobic ion pairing with amphiphilic counterions for successful incorporation into lipid-based formulations. Herein, to enhance the oral absorption of insulin (INS), a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) formulation was developed. Prior to optimization, INS was complexed with sodium n-octadecyl sulfate (SOS) to increase the loading into the SMEDDS. The INS–SOS complex was characterized via scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and its dissociation behavior. The SMEDDS was optimized using a D-optimal mixture design with three independent variables including Capmul MCM (X1, 9.31%), Labrasol (X2, 49.77%), and Tetraglycol (X3, 40.92%) and three response variables including droplet size (Y1, 115.2 nm), INS stability (Y2, 46.75%), and INS leakage (Y3, 17.67%). The desirability function was 0.766, indicating excellent agreement between the predicted and experimental values. The stability of INS-SOS against gastrointestinal enzymes was noticeably improved in the SMEDDS, and the majority of INS remained in oil droplets during release. Following oral administration in diabetic rats, the optimized SMEDDS resulted in pharmacological availabilities of 3.23% (50 IU/kg) and 2.13% (100 IU/kg). Thus, the optimized SMEDDS is a good candidate for the practical development of oral delivery of peptide drugs such as INS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Tae Goo
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkil Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeh Choi
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Min Song Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Hyeong Sin
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ho Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seh Hyon Song
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Wook Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim OH, Choi YW, Hong SA, Hong M, Chang IH, Lee HJ. Fluid shear stress facilitates prostate cancer metastasis through Piezo1-Src-YAP axis. Life Sci 2022; 308:120936. [PMID: 36084759 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Mechanical forces surrounding solid tumors are pervasive in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and abnormally altered as solid tumors progress. Although it has been reported that biomechanical forces, including wall shear stress (WSS), enhance the metastatic features of cancer cells, its mechanism remains unknown. Here, we investigate how cancer cells sense mechanical stress and propagate signals in the TME. MAIN METHODS Using a microfluidic device, interstitial fluid-mimicking flow (0.05 dyne cm-2) was applied to the human prostate cancer cell line PC3. Piezo1 siRNA and shRNA lentivirus were applied to PC3 cells to ablate Piezo1 expression. PC3-Luc2 cells expressing control shRNA or shPiezo1 lentivirus were administered into the prostate of BALB/c mice for orthotopic injection. KEY FINDING Here, we show that Piezo1, a mechanosensitive ion channel, is activated by WSS in microfluidic channels. Moreover, Yoda1, a Piezo1 agonist, synergistically potentiates cancer cell motility and nuclear retention of YAP/TAZ via WSS. Also, Piezo1 increases Src phosphorylation, which activates YAP. Conversely, silencing Piezo1 significantly reduces cell motility and YAP/TAZ activity induced by WSS, and finally retards tumor growth and metastasis of administered PC3 cells in BALB/c mice. SIGNIFICANCE Taken together, these results demonstrate that Piezo1 allows cancer cells to sense mechanical stimuli by altering the microenvironment during tumor progression and is a critical player in modulating cancer metastasis through the Piezo1-Src-YAP axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok-Hyeon Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Young Wook Choi
- Department of Urology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Soon Auck Hong
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Mineui Hong
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - In Ho Chang
- Department of Urology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, South Korea.
| | - Hyun Jung Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea.
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Park JS, Kim MS, Joung MY, Park HJ, Ho MJ, Choi JH, Seo JH, Song WH, Choi YW, Lee S, Choi YS, Kang MJ. Design of Montelukast Nanocrystalline Suspension for Parenteral Prolonged Delivery. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:3673-3690. [PMID: 36046838 PMCID: PMC9423109 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s375888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Montelukast (MTK), a representative leukotriene receptor antagonist, is currently being investigated as a potential candidate for treating Alzheimer’s disease. For potent and effective dosing in elderly patients, a parenteral prolonged delivery system is favored, with improved medication adherence with reduced dosage frequency. Purpose This study aimed to design a nanocrystalline suspension (NS)-based MTK prolonged delivery system and evaluate its pharmacokinetics profile and local tolerability following subcutaneous administration. Methods To decelerate the dissolution rate, the amorphous MTK raw material was transformed into a crystalline state using a solvent-mediated transformation method and subsequently formulated into NS using a bead-milling technique. The MTK NSs were characterized by morphology, particle size, crystallinity, and in vitro dissolution profiles. The pharmacokinetic profile and local tolerability at the injection site following subcutaneous injection of MTK suspension were evaluated in rats. Results Microscopic and physical characterization revealed that the amorphous MTK powder was lucratively transformed into a crystalline form in acidic media (pH 4). MTK crystalline suspensions with different diameters (200 nm, 500 nm, and 3 μm) were uniformly prepared using bead-milling technology, employing polysorbate 80 as suspending agent. Prepared crystalline suspensions exhibited analogous crystallinity (melting point, 150°C) and size-dependent in vitro dissolution profiles. MTK NSs with particle sizes of 200 nm and 500 nm provided a protracted pharmacokinetic profile for up to 4 weeks in rats, with a higher maximum drug concentration in plasma than the 3 μm-sized injectable suspensions. Histopathological examination revealed that MTK NS caused chronic granulomatous inflammation at the injection site, which resolved after 4 weeks. Conclusion The MTK parenteral NS delivery system is expected to be a valuable tool for treating Alzheimer’s disease with extended dose intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Soo Park
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seop Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Yeong Joung
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Park
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Jin Ho
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyuk Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hee Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Heon Song
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Wook Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkil Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Seok Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Joo Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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Kim CH, Kim BD, Lee TH, Kim HK, Lyu MJ, Yoon YI, Goo YT, Kang MJ, Lee S, Choi YW. Synergistic co-administration of docetaxel and curcumin to chemoresistant cancer cells using PEGylated and RIPL peptide-conjugated nanostructured lipid carriers. Cancer Nanotechnol 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s12645-022-00119-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
A targeted co-administration system of docetaxel (DTX) and curcumin (CUR) using a PEG-modified RIPL peptide (IPLVVPLRRRRRRRRC)-conjugated nanostructured lipid carrier (P/R-NLC) was constructed to exert synergistic anticancer effects against chemoresistant breast cancer.
Results
DTX- or CUR-loaded NLCs and P/R-NLCs were prepared using the solvent emulsification–evaporation method. NLCs showed homogeneous spherical morphology with nano-sized dispersion (< 210 nm) with zeta potential varying from − 16.4 to − 19.9 mV. DTX or CUR was successfully encapsulated in the NLCs: encapsulation efficiency (> 95%); drug loading (8 − 18%). All NLC formulations were stable for 4 weeks under the storage conditions at 4 °C. Drug release was diffusion-controlled, revealing the best fit to the Higuchi equation. DTX- or CUR-loaded formulations showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity. The DTX/CUR combination (1:3 w/w) in P/R-NLC formulations exhibited the strongest synergism in both MCF7 and MCF7/ADR cells with combination index values of 0.286 and 0.130, respectively. Co-treatment with DTX- or CUR-P/R-NLCs increased apoptosis in both cell lines exhibited the superior synergistic inhibitory effect on MCF7/ADR three-dimensional spheroids. Finally, in OVCAR3-xenografted mouse models, co-treatment with DTX- or CUR-loaded P/R-NLCs significantly suppressed tumor growth compared to the other treatment groups.
Conclusions
Co-administration of DTX/CUR (1:3 w/w) using P/R-NLCs induced a synergistic effect against chemoresistant cancer cells.
Graphical Abstract
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14
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Kim CH, Lee TH, Kim BD, Kim HK, Lyu MJ, Jung HM, Goo YT, Kang MJ, Lee S, Choi YW. Co-administration of tariquidar using functionalized nanostructured lipid carriers overcomes resistance to docetaxel in multidrug resistant MCF7/ADR cells. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Goo YT, Sa CK, Kim MS, Sin GH, Kim CH, Kim HK, Kang MJ, Lee S, Choi YW. Enhanced dissolution and bioavailability of revaprazan using self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system. Pharm Dev Technol 2022; 27:414-424. [PMID: 35467467 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2022.2070644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) was developed to enhance the dissolution and oral bioavailability (BA) of revaprazan (RVP). Various SNEDDSs containing 200 mg of RVP were formulated using Capmul MCM, Tween 80, and Brij L4, and they were characterized according to their size, polydispersity index, and dissolution behavior. Dissolution rates of all SNEDDS formulations significantly (p <0.05) improved with the formation of nanoemulsion with monodispersity. Formulation D resulted in RVP dissolution exceeding 70% at 2 h. Compared to raw RVP, SNEDDS exhibited a 4.8- to 7.4-fold improved effective permeability coefficient (Peff) throughout the intestine in the in situ single pass intestinal permeability study and a 5.1-fold increased oral BA in the in vivo oral absorption assessment in rats. To evaluate the degree of lymphatic uptake, cycloheximide (CYC), a chylomicron flowing blocker, was pretreated prior to the experiment. This pretreatment barely affected the absorption of raw RVP; however, it greatly influenced the absorption of SNEDDS, resulting in an approximately 40% reduction in both the Peff value and oral BA representing lymphatic transport. Thus, we suggest that the SNEDDS formulation is a good candidate for improving oral absorption of RVP through enhanced lymphatic uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Tae Goo
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Ki Sa
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Song Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Hyeong Sin
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Kyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Joo Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkil Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Daegu 704-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Wook Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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16
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Kim JH, Choi J, Kim M, Kang SJ, Choi YW, Choi SY, Kim SH, Chang IH. Immunotherapeutic effects of recombinant Bacillus Calmette–Guérin containing sic gene in ex vivo and in vivo bladder cancer models. Investig Clin Urol 2022; 63:228-237. [PMID: 35244998 PMCID: PMC8902430 DOI: 10.4111/icu.20210425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The recombinant Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) containing the streptococcal inhibitor of the complement gene (rBCG-sic) may be more resistant to antimicrobial peptides and improve internalization; therefore, it can enhance the immunotherapeutic effect of the BCG. Here we determined the optimal dose of rBCG-sic and compared its effectiveness with that of BCG. Materials and Methods We fabricated a high-throughput 3D-bioprinted bladder cancer-on-a-chip (BCOC) and used it to evaluate the effectiveness of the rBCG-sic in terms of cell viability, cell migration, and cytokine concentrations. Using an orthotopic mouse model, we evaluated its anticancer effect and toxicity via bioluminescence imaging. Results T24 cell viability was decreased after treatment with rBCG-sic 30 multiplicities of infection (MOI) versus the same dosage of mock BCG (42.8%±6.4% vs. 75.7%±6.6%, p<0.05). THP-1 cell migration was positively correlated with rBCG-sic concentration (2.42-fold at 30MOI, p<0.01). The interleukin-6 concentration of rBCG-sic 30MOI was significantly higher than that of mock BCG 30MOI (11.2±1.3 pg/mL vs. 6.7±0.6 pg/mL, p<0.05). In the orthotopic bladder cancer mouse model, lower tumor volume was observed in the rBCG-sic 30MOI group than in the BCG 30MOI group after 10 days of treatment (p<0.05). Conclusions We concluded that rBCG-sic is a useful tool for overcoming BCG unresponsiveness in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Additionally, high-throughput BCOC with a microfluidic system can successfully reflect the bladder cancer microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hoon Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joongwon Choi
- Department of Urology, VHS Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mirinae Kim
- Department of Urology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Jeong Kang
- Department of Urology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Wook Choi
- Department of Urology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se Young Choi
- Department of Urology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - In Ho Chang
- Department of Urology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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17
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Ho MJ, Jeong MY, Jeong HT, Kim MS, Park HJ, Kim DY, Lee HC, Song WH, Kim CH, Lee CH, Choi YW, Choi YS, Han YT, Kang MJ. Effect of particle size on in vivo performances of long-acting injectable drug suspension. J Control Release 2021; 341:533-547. [PMID: 34902451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Herein, entecavir-3-palmitate (EV-P), an ester prodrug of entecavir (EV), was employed as a model drug, and the effect of drug particle size on in vivo pharmacokinetic profiles and local inflammatory responses, and those associations were evaluated following intramuscular (IM) injection. EV-P crystals with different median diameters (0.8, 2.3, 6.3, 15.3 and 22.6 μm) were prepared using the anti-solvent crystallization method, with analogous surface charges (-10.7 ~ -4.7 mV), and crystallinity (melting point, 160-170 °C). EV-P particles showed size-dependent in vitro dissolution profiles under sink conditions, exhibiting a high correlation between the median diameter and Hixon-Crowell's release rate constant (r2 = 0.94). Following IM injection in rats (1.44 mg/kg as EV), the pharmacokinetic profile of EV exhibited marked size-dependency; 0.8 μm-sized EV-P particles about 1.6-, 3.6-, and 5.6-folds higher systemic exposure, compared to 6.3, 15.3, and 22.6 μm-sized particles, respectively. This pharmacokinetic pattern, depending on particle size, was also highly associated with histopathological responses in the injected tissue. The smaller EV-P particles (0.8 or 2.3 μm) imparted the larger inflammatory lesion after 3 days, lower infiltration of inflammatory cells, and thinner fibroblastic bands around depots after 4 weeks. Conversely, severe fibrous isolation with increasing particle size augmented the drug remaining at injection site over 4 weeks, impeding the dissolution and systemic exposure. These findings regarding the effects of formulation variable on the in vivo behaviors of long-acting injectable suspension, provide constructive knowledge toward the improved design in poorly water-soluble compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoung Jin Ho
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Young Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoe Taek Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seob Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Park
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yoon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Chun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Heon Song
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heuksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong Hyun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Wook Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heuksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Seok Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Taek Han
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Joo Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Goo YT, Yang HM, Kim CH, Kim MS, Kim HK, Chang IH, Choi YW. Erratum to 'Optimization of a floating poloxamer 407-based hydrogel using the Box-Behnken design: in vitro characterization and in vivo buoyancy evaluation for intravesical instillation' [European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 163 (2021) 105885]. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 166:105962. [PMID: 34376343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Tae Goo
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Mang Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Song Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Kyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - In Ho Chang
- College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 84, Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Wook Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
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Bashyal S, Seo JE, Choi YW, Lee S. Bile acid transporter-mediated oral absorption of insulin via hydrophobic ion-pairing approach. J Control Release 2021; 338:644-661. [PMID: 34481926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite many ongoing and innovative approaches, there are still formidable challenges in the clinical translation of oral peptide drugs into marketable products due to their low absorption and poor bioavailability. Herein, a novel nanocarrier platform was developed that employs a hydrophobic ion-pairing (HIP) of model peptide (insulin) and the anionic bile salt (sodium glycodeoxycholate, SGDC), and markedly improves intestinal absorption via the bile acid pathway. The developed HIP-nanocomplexes (C1 and C2) were optimized, characterized, and in vitro and in vivo evaluation were performed to assess oral efficacy of these system. The optimal molar ratios of C1 and C2-nanocomplexes were 30:1 and 6:1 (SGDC:insulin), respectively. Compared to the insulin solution, the C1 and C2 nanocomplexes significantly enhanced the permeation of insulin across the Caco-2 cell monolayers, with 6.36- and 4.05-fold increases in apparent permeability, respectively. Uptake mechanism studies were conducted using different endocytosis inhibitors and apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT)-transfected MDCK cells, which demonstrated the involvement of the energy-dependent ASBT-mediated active transport. Furthermore, the intrajejunal administration of C1 and C2 resulted in their pharmacological availabilities (PA) being 6.44% and 0.10%, respectively, indicating increased potential for C1, when compared to C2. Similarly, the PA and the relative bioavailability with intrajejunal administration of the C1 were 17.89-fold and 16.82-fold greater than those with intracolonic administration, respectively, confirming better jejunal absorption of C1. Overall, these findings indicate that the HIP-nanocomplexes could be a prominent platform for the effective delivery of peptides with improved intestinal absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Bashyal
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Center for Forensic Pharmaceutical Science, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jo-Eun Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Wook Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkil Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Center for Forensic Pharmaceutical Science, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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20
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An JN, Kim H, Kim EN, Cho A, Cho Y, Choi YW, Kim JH, Yang SH, Choi BS, Lim CS, Kim YS, Kim KP, Lee JP. Effects of periostin deficiency on kidney aging and lipid metabolism. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:22649-22665. [PMID: 34607314 PMCID: PMC8544301 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Periostin plays a crucial role in fibrosis, which is involved in kidney aging. A few studies have shown that lipid metabolism is involved in kidney aging. We investigated the role of periostin in lipid metabolism during kidney aging. Renal function, fibrosis, and inflammatory markers were studied using urine, blood, and tissue samples from wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice and Postn-null mice of 2 and 24 months of age. Lipids were quantitatively profiled using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in the multiple reaction monitoring mode. Renal function was worse and tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis, periostin expression, and inflammatory and fibrotic markers were more severe in aged WT mice than in young WT mice. In aged Postn-null mice, these changes were mitigated. Thirty-five differentially regulated lipids were identified. Phosphatidylcholines, cholesteryl ester, cholesterol, ceramide-1-phosphate, and CCL5 expression were significantly higher in aged WT mice than in aged Postn-null mice. Particularly, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid differed strongly between the two groups. Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 2, which converts lysophosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylcholine, was significantly higher in aged WT mice than in aged Postn-null mice. Periostin expression in the kidneys increased with age, and periostin ablation delayed aging. Changes in lipids and their metabolism were found in Postn-null mice. Further research on the precise mechanisms of and relationships between lipid expression and metabolism, kidney aging, and periostin expression is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Nam An
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Hyoseon Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Kyung Hee Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Nim Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ara Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeongeun Cho
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Young Wook Choi
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Hyuk Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hee Yang
- Seoul National University Kidney Research Institute, Seoul, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bum Soon Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chun Soo Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yon Su Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang Pyo Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Kyung Hee Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Pyo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kim JH, Lee S, Kang SJ, Choi YW, Choi SY, Park JY, Chang IH. Establishment of Three-Dimensional Bioprinted Bladder Cancer-on-a-Chip with a Microfluidic System Using Bacillus Calmette-Guérin. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168887. [PMID: 34445591 PMCID: PMC8396314 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy of bladder cancer is known to have favorable effects, although it is difficult to determine which patients will show a good response because of the different tumor microenvironments (TME). Here, we developed a bladder cancer-on-a-chip (BCOC) to mimic the TME using three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting and microfluidic technology. We fabricated a T24 and a 5637-cell line-based BCOC that also incorporated MRC-5, HUVEC, and THP-1 cells. We evaluated the effects of TME and assessed the immunologic reactions in response to different concentrations of Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) via live/dead assay and THP-1 monocytic migration, and concentrations of growth factors and cytokines. The results show that cell viability was maintained at 15% filling density in circle-shaped cell constructs at 20 μL/min microfluidic flow rate. A 3D co-culture increased the proliferation of BCOCs. We found that the appropriate time to evaluate the viability of BCOC, concentration of cytokines, and migration of monocytes was 6 h, 24 h, and three days after BGC treatment. Lastly, the immunotherapeutic effects of BCOC increased according to BCG dosage. To predict effects of immunotherapeutic agent in bladder cancer, we constructed a 3D bioprinted BCOC model. The BCOC was validated with BCG, which has been proven to be effective in the immunotherapy of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hoon Kim
- Department of Urology, Hanil General Hospital, 308 Uicheon-ro, Dobong-gu, Seoul 01450, Korea;
| | - Seungjin Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea;
| | - Su Jeong Kang
- Department of Urology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 102 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06973, Korea; (S.J.K.); (Y.W.C.); (S.Y.C.)
| | - Young Wook Choi
- Department of Urology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 102 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06973, Korea; (S.J.K.); (Y.W.C.); (S.Y.C.)
| | - Se Young Choi
- Department of Urology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 102 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06973, Korea; (S.J.K.); (Y.W.C.); (S.Y.C.)
| | - Joong Yull Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea;
- Department of Intelligent Energy and Industry, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.Y.P.); (I.H.C.); Tel.: +82-2-820-5888 (J.Y.P.); +82-2-6299-1819 (I.H.C.); Fax: +82-2-6294-1406 (I.H.C.)
| | - In Ho Chang
- Department of Urology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 102 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06973, Korea; (S.J.K.); (Y.W.C.); (S.Y.C.)
- Correspondence: (J.Y.P.); (I.H.C.); Tel.: +82-2-820-5888 (J.Y.P.); +82-2-6299-1819 (I.H.C.); Fax: +82-2-6294-1406 (I.H.C.)
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Tae Goo
- College of Pharmacy, Chung‐Ang University Seoul 06974 Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hwa Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Chung‐Ang University Seoul 06974 Republic of Korea
| | - Min Song Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung‐Ang University Seoul 06974 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Beom Han
- College of Pharmacy, Chung‐Ang University Seoul 06974 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Wook Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung‐Ang University Seoul 06974 Republic of Korea
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Bashyal S, Seo JE, Keum T, Noh G, Lamichhane S, Kim JH, Kim CH, Choi YW, Lee S. Facilitated Buccal Insulin Delivery via Hydrophobic Ion-Pairing Approach: In vitro and ex vivo Evaluation. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:4677-4691. [PMID: 34262275 PMCID: PMC8275148 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s318092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical use of therapeutic peptides has been limited because of their inefficient delivery approaches and, therefore, inadequate delivery to target sites. Buccal administration of therapeutic peptides offers patients a potential alternative to the current invasive routes of administration. PURPOSE The aim of the study was to fabricate hydrophobic ion-pairing (HIP)-nanocomplexes (C1 and C2) utilizing anionic bile salts and cationic peptides, and to assess their permeability across TR146 buccal cell layers and porcine buccal tissue. METHODS C1 and C2-nanocomplexes were fabricated using the HIP approach. In addition, their physiochemical and morphological attributes, in vitro and ex vivo permeability properties, and qualitative and quantitative cellular uptake were evaluated and compared. The localization of C1 and C2-nanocomplexes in porcine buccal tissue was determined using confocal laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS The C1-nanocomplex was the superior nanocarrier and significantly enhanced the transport of insulin across TR146 cell layers and porcine buccal tissue, exhibiting a 3.00- and 51.76-fold increase in permeability coefficient, respectively, when compared with insulin solution (p < 0.01). C1-nanocomplex was more efficient than C2-nanocomplex at facilitating insulin permeability, with a 2.18- and 27.64-fold increase across TR146 cell layers and porcine buccal tissue, respectively. The C1-nanocomplex demonstrated immense uptake and localization of insulin in TR146 cells and porcine buccal tissue, as evidenced by a highly intense fluorescence in TR146 cells, and a great shift of fluorescence intensity towards the inner region of buccal tissue over time. The increase in fluorescence intensity was observed in the order of C1 > C2 > insulin solution. CONCLUSION In this study, we highlighted the efficacy of potential nanocarriers in addressing the daunting issues associated with the invasive administration of insulin and indicated a promising strategy for the buccal administration and delivery of this life-saving peptide hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Bashyal
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jo-Eun Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Taekwang Keum
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Center for Forensic Pharmaceutical Science, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyubin Noh
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Center for Forensic Pharmaceutical Science, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Shrawani Lamichhane
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Center for Forensic Pharmaceutical Science, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hwan Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Center for Forensic Pharmaceutical Science, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Wook Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkil Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Center for Forensic Pharmaceutical Science, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Glasbrenner DC, Choi YW, Richardson AW, Edwards EW, Mladineo MJ, Sunderman M, Keyes PH, Boyce J, Middleton JK, Howard MW. Decontamination of SARS-CoV-2 contaminated N95 filtering facepiece respirators using artificial sun lamps. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:2567-2578. [PMID: 33884721 PMCID: PMC8251224 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aims Assess the feasibility of using light from artificial sun lamps to decontaminate N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) contaminated with SARS‐CoV‐2. Methods and Results FFR coupons or whole FFRs contaminated with 5 log10 TCID50 (target concentration) SARS‐CoV‐2 in culture media, simulated saliva, or simulated lung fluid were dried for 1–2 h, then exposed to light from tanning and horticulture lamps to assess decontamination. Exposed coupons and whole FFRs showed SARS‐CoV‐2 inactivation for all matrices tested. Furthermore, FFRs still met performance specifications after five decontamination cycles. Conclusions It is feasible that artificial sunlight from these sun lamps can be used to decontaminate FFRs provided the UV dose is sufficient and the light is unobstructed. Furthermore, decontamination can be performed up to five times without degrading FFR performance. Significance and Impact of the Study This research shows a proof of principle that artificial sun lamps may be an option to decontaminate SARS‐CoV‐2 on N95 FFRs. UV doses required for inactivation to levels below detection ranged from 4 to 37·8 J cm−2 depending on the light source, virus matrix and FFR type.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Y W Choi
- Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - E W Edwards
- Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - M Sunderman
- Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - P H Keyes
- Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - J Boyce
- Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - M W Howard
- Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
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25
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Goo YT, Sa CK, Choi JY, Kim MS, Kim CH, Kim HK, Choi YW. Development of a Solid Supersaturable Micelle of Revaprazan for Improved Dissolution and Oral Bioavailability Using Box-Behnken Design. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:1245-1259. [PMID: 33633449 PMCID: PMC7901570 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s298450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To enhance the oral bioavailability of revaprazan (RVP), a novel solid, supersaturable micelle (SSuM) was developed. METHODS Surfactants and solid carriers were screened based on a solubility and a flowability test, respectively. Supersaturating agents, including Poloxamer 407 (P407), were screened. The SSuM was optimized using a Box-Behnken design with three independent variables, including Gelucire 44/14:Brij L4 (G44/BL4; X1) and the amounts of Florite PS-10 (FLO; X2) and Vivapur 105 (VP105; X3), and three response variables, ie, dissolution efficiency at 30 min (Y1), dissolution enhancing capacity (Y2), and Carr's index (Y3). The solid state property was evaluated, and a dissolution test was conducted. RVP, Revanex®, solid micelle (P407-free from the composition of SSuM), and SSuM were orally administrated to rats (RVP 20 mg equivalent/kg) for in vivo pharmacokinetic study. RESULTS G44 and BL4 showed great solubility, with a critical micelle concentration range of 119.2-333.0 μg/mL. P407 had an excellent supersaturating effect. FLO and VP105 were selected as solid carriers, with a critical solidifying ratio (g/mL) of 0.30 and 0.91, respectively. With optimized values of X1 (-0.41), X2 (0.31), and X3 (-0.78), RVP (200 mg)-containing SSuM consisting of G44 (253.8 mg), BL4 (106.2 mg), FLO (99.3 mg), VP105 (199.8 mg), and P407 (40 mg) was developed, resulting in Y1 (40.3%), Y2 (0.008), and Y3 (12.3%). RVP existed in an amorphous state in the optimized SSuM, and the SSuM formed a nanosized dispersion in the aqueous phase, with approximately 71.7% dissolution at 2 h. The optimized SSuM improved the relative bioavailability of RVP in rats by approximately 478%, 276%, and 161% compared to raw RVP, Revanex®, and solid micelle, respectively. CONCLUSION The optimized SSuM has great potential for the development of solidified formulations of poorly water-soluble drugs with improved oral absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Tae Goo
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Ki Sa
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeh Choi
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Min Song Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Kyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Wook Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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26
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Choi YW, Richardson AW, Sunderman M, Mladineo MJ, Keyes PH, Hofacre KC, Middleton JK. Decontamination of SARS-CoV-2 contaminated N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) with moist heat generated by a multicooker. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 72:366-374. [PMID: 33347637 PMCID: PMC7986083 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Decontamination of N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) is a crisis capacity strategy allowed when there are known shortages of FFRs. The application of moist heat is one decontamination method that has shown promise and is the approach approved in the Steris Steam Emergency Use Authorization (EUA). This effort examines the use of multicookers to apply moist heat, as they are available in retail stores and more affordable than methods requiring more sophisticated equipment. Four of five multicooker models examined met the acceptance criteria for the test and one model was selected for inactivation testing. Tests were performed on four different FFR models with SARS‐CoV‐2 suspended in culture media, simulated saliva or simulated lung fluid. Moist heat treatment reduced recoverable titres of SARS‐CoV‐2 virus to levels below the limit of detection in all tests. Furthermore, these four FFR models showed no loss in collection efficiency, inhalation resistance or visual damage after up to 10 decontamination cycles. Two (2) FFR models showed a slight change in strap elasticity (<9%). These data show that moist heat treatment using a multicooker is a viable option for FFR decontamination in a crisis capacity strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y W Choi
- Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - M Sunderman
- Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - P H Keyes
- Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - K C Hofacre
- Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
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Yang HM, Yoon HY, Kim CH, Goo YT, Choi IJ, Park S, Chang IH, Choi YW. Poloxamer 407‐based Floating Hydrogels for Intravesical Instillation: Statistical Optimization Using Central Composite Design, Gel Erosion, and Drug Release. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hee Mang Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Chung‐Ang University Department of Global Innovative Drug, Graduate School, Chung‐Ang University Seoul 06974 Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Yup Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Chung‐Ang University Department of Global Innovative Drug, Graduate School, Chung‐Ang University Seoul 06974 Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung‐Ang University Department of Global Innovative Drug, Graduate School, Chung‐Ang University Seoul 06974 Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Tae Goo
- College of Pharmacy, Chung‐Ang University Department of Global Innovative Drug, Graduate School, Chung‐Ang University Seoul 06974 Republic of Korea
| | - Ik Joon Choi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Industry Graduate School, Chung‐Ang University Seoul 06974 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang‐Gue Park
- Department of Pharmaceutical Industry Graduate School, Chung‐Ang University Seoul 06974 Republic of Korea
| | - In Ho Chang
- College of Medicine Chung‐Ang University Seoul 06974 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Wook Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung‐Ang University Department of Global Innovative Drug, Graduate School, Chung‐Ang University Seoul 06974 Republic of Korea
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Yang HM, Won YH, Yoon HY, Kim CH, Goo YT, Chang IH, Choi YW. Screening of Polymer Additives in Poloxamer 407 Hydrogel Formulations for Intravesical Instillation: Evaluation of Mechanical Properties, Gel-forming Capacity, and Drug Release. pk 2020. [DOI: 10.7317/pk.2020.44.6.817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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29
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Park SY, Jin CH, Goo YT, Chae BR, Yoon HY, Kim CH, Song SH, Han SB, Choi YW. Supersaturable self-microemulsifying drug delivery system enhances dissolution and bioavailability of telmisartan. Pharm Dev Technol 2020; 26:60-68. [PMID: 33032496 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2020.1834580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
To enhance the dissolution and oral bioavailability of telmisartan (TMS), a poorly water-soluble anti-hypertensive drug, a supersaturable self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SuSMEDDS) was developed. Amorphous alkalinized TMS (AAT) was formulated into a SMEDDS, composed of Capmul® MCM (oil), Cremophor® RH40 (surfactant), and tetraglycol (co-surfactant). Although the SMEDDS was rapidly dissolved (>80% within 5 min) in a limited condition (500 mL, pH 6.8), drug precipitation was observed over time, resulting in a decrease in dissolution levels. The precipitation was due to drug recrystallization, as determined by differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffraction analyses. Several polymers, including Soluplus® (SOL), were screened as precipitation inhibitors; ultimately, SuSMEDDS-SOL was prepared by admixing SOL and the SMEDDS at a 5:100 (w/w) ratio. SuSMEDDS-SOL was superior in terms of dissolution efficiency (>90% over 2 h) and dissolution-retaining time (no precipitation over 2 h). An in vivo pharmacokinetic study in rats revealed that the oral bioavailability of SuSMEDDS-SOL was 4.8-, 1.3-, and 1.2-fold greater than those of the TMS suspension, AAT solution, and SMEDDS, respectively. Therefore, SuSMEDDS-SOL is a promising candidate to enhance the dissolution and oral bioavailability of TMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hwa Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Tae Goo
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmaceutical Industry, Graduate school, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Ram Chae
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Yub Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmaceutical Industry, Graduate school, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seh Hyon Song
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Beom Han
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Wook Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmaceutical Industry, Graduate school, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Yoon HY, Yang HM, Kim CH, Goo YT, Kang MJ, Lee S, Choi YW. Current status of the development of intravesical drug delivery systems for the treatment of bladder cancer. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 17:1555-1572. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2020.1810016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ho Yub Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Mang Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Yoon Tae Goo
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Sangkil Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
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Goo YT, Park SY, Chae BR, Yoon HY, Kim CH, Choi JY, Song SH, Choi YW. Optimization of solid self-dispersing micelle for enhancing dissolution and oral bioavailability of valsartan using Box-Behnken design. Int J Pharm 2020; 585:119483. [PMID: 32485217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel solid self-dispersing micelle (S-SDM) was developed to enhance the oral bioavailability of valsartan (VST) and to reduce the total mass of solidified supersaturable self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (S-SuSMEDDS), composed of Capmul MCM, Tween 80 (T80), Gelucire 44/14 (G44), Poloxamer 407, Florite PS-10 (FLO), and low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose B1 (HPC). Excluding oil component from S-SuSMEDDS, S-SDM was optimized using a Box-Behnken design with three independent variables: X1 (T80/G44, 0.63), X2 (FLO/HPC, 0.41), and X3 (solid carrier, 177.6 mg); and three response factors: Y1 (droplet size, 191.9 nm), Y2 (dissolution efficiency at 15 min, 55.0%), and Y3 (angle of repose, 32.4°). The desirability function was 0.636, showing an excellent agreement between the predicted and experimental values. With approximately 75% weight of S-SuSMEDDS, no distinct crystallinity of VST was observed in S-SDM, resulting in critical micelle concentration value of 32 μg/mL. Optimized S-SDM showed an approximate 4-fold improved dissolution (pH 1.2, 500 mL) compared with raw VST. Following oral administration in rats, optimized S-SDM improved relative bioavailability by approximately 235%, 216%, and 127% versus raw VST, Diovan® (commercial reference), and S-SuSMEDDS, respectively. Thus, optimized S-SDM could be a selectable candidate for developing water-insoluble drugs in reduced quantity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Tae Goo
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sun Young Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bo Ram Chae
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ho Yub Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Yeh Choi
- Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Seh Hyon Song
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, 309 Suyeong-ro Nam-gu, Busan 48434, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Wook Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
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Kim CH, Kang TH, Kim BD, Lee TH, Yoon HY, Goo YT, Choi YS, Kang MJ, Choi YW. Enhanced docetaxel delivery using sterically stabilized RIPL peptide-conjugated nanostructured lipid carriers: In vitro and in vivo antitumor efficacy against SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells. Int J Pharm 2020; 583:119393. [PMID: 32376445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Docetaxel (DTX) has poor solubility, low specificity, and severe side effects. For efficient targeting of DTX to hepsin-overexpressing SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells, PEGylated and RIPL peptide (IPLVVPLRRRRRRRRC)-conjugated nanostructured lipid carriers (PEG-RIPL-NLCs) were examined for in vitro and in vivo antitumor efficacy. DTX-loaded plain NLCs (DTX-pNLCs), RIPL-NLCs (DTX-RIPL-NLCs), and PEG-RIPL-NLCs (DTX-PEG-RIPL-NLCs) were prepared using a solvent emulsification-evaporation technique. DTX was successfully loaded with high encapsulation efficiency (>93%), and all NLCs showed homogeneous dispersion with zeta potentials varying from -17 to 15 mV. Drug release was biphasic: initial rapid release, then gradual release. In vitro cytotoxicity was time- and dose-dependent: DTX-RIPL-NLCs and DTX-PEG-RIPL-NLCs exhibited greater cytotoxicity, enhanced cell apoptosis owing to the cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, and increased activation of the mitochondria-related intrinsic apoptosis pathway compared to DTX-pNLCs. Pharmacokinetic experiments in male Sprague-Dawley rats revealed that DTX-PEG-RIPL-NLCs increased the mean residence time of DTX but reduced total body clearance and volume of distribution. In a SKOV3-bearing xenograft Balb/c athymic mouse model, DTX-PEG-RIPL-NLCs suppressed tumors, evidenced by tumor volume change and histopathological examination. Thus, we conclude that PEG-RIPL-NLCs have an advantage of high payload of poorly water-soluble drugs and are a good candidate for drug targeting to SKOV3-derived ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae Hoon Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byoung Deok Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae Hwa Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ho Yub Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoon Tae Goo
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Seok Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myung Joo Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Wook Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
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Yoon HY, Yang HM, Kim CH, Goo YT, Hwang GY, Chang IH, Whang YM, Choi YW. Enhanced Intracellular Delivery of BCG Cell Wall Skeleton into Bladder Cancer Cells Using Liposomes Functionalized with Folic Acid and Pep-1 Peptide. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11120652. [PMID: 31817179 PMCID: PMC6970232 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11120652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although bacillus Calmette–Guérin cell wall skeleton (BCG-CWS) might function as a potential substitute for live BCG, its use in the treatment of bladder cancer remains limited owing to issues such as insolubility and micrometer-size following exposure to an aqueous environment. Thus, to develop a novel nanoparticulate system for efficient BCG-CWS delivery, liposomal encapsulation was carried out using a modified emulsification-solvent evaporation method (targets: Size, <200 nm; encapsulation efficiency, ~60%). Further, the liposomal surface was functionalized with specific ligands, folic acid (FA), and Pep-1 peptide (Pep1), as targeting and cell-penetrating moieties, respectively. Functionalized liposomes greatly increased the intracellular uptake of BCG-CWS in the bladder cancer cell lines, 5637 and MBT2. The immunoactivity was verified through elevated cytokine production and a THP-1 migration assay. In vivo antitumor efficacy revealed that the BCG-CWS-loaded liposomes effectively inhibited tumor growth in mice bearing MBT2 tumors. Dual ligand-functionalized liposome was also superior to single ligand-functionalized liposomes. Immunohistochemistry supported the enhanced antitumor effect of BCG-CWS, with IL-6 production and CD4 infiltration. Thus, we conclude that FA- and Pep1-modified liposomes encapsulating BCG-CWS might be a good candidate for bladder cancer treatment with high target selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Yub Yoon
- Drug Delivery Research Lab, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84, Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea; (H.Y.Y.); (H.M.Y.); (C.H.K.); (Y.T.G.)
| | - Hee Mang Yang
- Drug Delivery Research Lab, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84, Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea; (H.Y.Y.); (H.M.Y.); (C.H.K.); (Y.T.G.)
| | - Chang Hyun Kim
- Drug Delivery Research Lab, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84, Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea; (H.Y.Y.); (H.M.Y.); (C.H.K.); (Y.T.G.)
| | - Yoon Tae Goo
- Drug Delivery Research Lab, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84, Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea; (H.Y.Y.); (H.M.Y.); (C.H.K.); (Y.T.G.)
| | - Gwang Yong Hwang
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 84, Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea (I.H.C.)
| | - In Ho Chang
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 84, Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea (I.H.C.)
| | - Young Mi Whang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Young Wook Choi
- Drug Delivery Research Lab, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84, Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea; (H.Y.Y.); (H.M.Y.); (C.H.K.); (Y.T.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-820-5609
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Goo YT, Song SH, Yeom DW, Chae BR, Yoon HY, Kim CH, Park SY, Kang TH, Lee S, Choi YW. Enhanced oral bioavailability of valsartan in rats using a supersaturable self-microemulsifying drug delivery system with P-glycoprotein inhibitors. Pharm Dev Technol 2019; 25:178-186. [PMID: 31631736 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2019.1683749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Valsartan (VST) is a poorly water-soluble drug and a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate. To enhance the dissolution and oral absorption of VST, a novel supersaturable self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (Su-SMEDDS) was formulated. Based on the previously reported Su-SMEDDS composed of Capmul® MCM (oil), Tween® 20 (T20; surfactant), Transcutol® P (cosurfactant), and Poloxamer 407 (supersaturating agent), P-gp inhibitory surfactants including Tween® 80 (T80) and Cremophor® EL (CR) were newly introduced to replace T20. All Su-SMEDDS formulations had a droplet size of <200 nm and showed rapid (>90% within 5 min) and pH-independent dissolution characteristics. The effective permeability coefficient (Peff) in rat jejunum was obtained using an in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion study: Peff values of Su-SMEDDS-T20, Su-SMEDDS-T80, and Su-SMEDDS-CR were 2.3, 4.1, and 3.4 times greater, respectively, than that of the VST solution. After oral administration of various formulations to rats (equivalent dose of VST 10 mg/kg), plasma drug levels were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The relative bioavailabilities of Su-SMEDDS-T20, Su-SMEDDS-T80, and Su-SMEDDS-CR were 262%, 470%, and 458%, respectively, compared with the VST suspension. Thus, we propose that the Su-SMEDDS-T80 formulation is a good candidate for improving the oral absorption of poorly water-soluble and P-gp substrate drugs such as VST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Tae Goo
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seh Hyon Song
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, Busan, Korea
| | - Dong Woo Yeom
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo Ram Chae
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Yub Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Tae Hoon Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sangkil Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
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Yoon HY, Chang IH, Goo YT, Kim CH, Kang TH, Kim SY, Lee SJ, Song SH, Whang YM, Choi YW. Intravesical delivery of rapamycin via folate-modified liposomes dispersed in thermo-reversible hydrogel. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:6249-6268. [PMID: 31496684 PMCID: PMC6689153 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s216432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To develop an intravesical instillation system for the treatment of bladder cancer, rapamycin (Rap) was encapsulated into liposomes and then homogeneously dispersed throughout a poloxamer 407 (P407)-based hydrogel. Methods Rap-loaded conventional liposomes (R-CL) and folate-modified liposomes (R-FL) were prepared using a film hydration method and pre-loading technique, and characterized by particle size, drug entrapment efficiency, and drug loading. The cellular uptake behavior in folate receptor-expressing bladder cancer cells was observed by flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy using a fluorescent probe. In vitro cytotoxic effects were evaluated using MTT assay, colony forming assay, and Western blot. For in vivo intravesical instillation, Rap-loaded liposomes were dispersed in P407-gel, generating R-CL/P407 and R-FL/P407. Gel-forming capacities and drug release were evaluated. Using the MBT2/Luc orthotopic bladder cancer mouse model, in vivo antitumor efficacy was evaluated according to regions of interest (ROI) measurement. Results R-CL and R-FL were successfully prepared, at approximately <160 nm, 42% entrapment efficiency, and 57 μg/mg drug loading. FL cellular uptake was enhanced over 2-fold than that of CL; folate receptor-mediated endocytosis was confirmed using a competitive assay with folic acid pretreatment. In vitro cytotoxic effects increased dose-dependently. Rap-loaded liposomes inhibited mTOR signaling and induced autophagy in urothelial carcinoma cells. With gelation time of <30 seconds and gel duration of >12 hrs, both R-CL/P407 and R-FL/P407 preparations transformed into gel immediately after instillation into the mouse bladder. Drug release from the liposomal gel was erosion controlled. In orthotopic bladder cancer mouse model, statistically significant differences in ROI values were found between R-CL/P407 and R-FL/P407 groups at day 11 (P=0.0273) and day 14 (P=0.0088), indicating the highest tumor growth inhibition by R-FL/P407. Conclusion Intravesical instillation of R-FL/P407 might represent a good candidate for bladder cancer treatment, owing to its enhanced retention and FR-targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Yub Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-ang University , Seoul, Korea
| | - In Ho Chang
- College of Medicine, Chung-ang University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Tae Goo
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-ang University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-ang University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-ang University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Yeon Kim
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center , Goyang, Korea
| | - Sang Jin Lee
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center , Goyang, Korea
| | - Seh Hyon Song
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University , Busan, Korea
| | - Young Mi Whang
- College of Medicine, Chung-ang University , Seoul, Korea
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Kim H, Lee J, Soh J, Min J, Wook Choi Y, Cho S. Backprojection Filtration Image Reconstruction Approach for Reducing High-Density Object Artifacts in Digital Breast Tomosynthesis. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 2019; 38:1161-1171. [PMID: 30418899 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2018.2879921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
While an accurate image reconstruction of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) is fundamentally impossible due to its limited data, the DBT is increasingly used in clinics for its rich image information at a relatively low dose. One of the dominant image artifacts in DBT that hinders a faithful diagnosis is high-density object artifact in conjunction with a limited angle problem. In this paper, we developed a very efficient method for reconstructing DBT images with much reduced high-density object artifacts. The method is based on backprojection filtration reconstruction algorithm, voting strategy, and image blending. Data derivatives were backprojected with appropriate weights to reduce ripple artifacts by use of the voting strategy. We generated another differentiated backprojection volume, where the edges of high-density objects are replaced by the background. After Hilbert transform, we blended the two images to reduce undershoot artifacts. Physical phantoms were scanned and we compared conventional filtered backprojection, filtered backprojection with weighted backprojection, and our proposed method. Ripple artifacts were dramatically suppressed and undershoot artifacts were also greatly suppressed in the proposed method.
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Kim SR, Ho MJ, Choi YW, Kang MJ. Improved Drug Loading and Sustained Release of Entecavir‐loaded PLGA Microsphere Prepared by Spray Drying Technique. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Rae Kim
- College of PharmacyChung‐Ang University Seoul 150‐756 South Korea
| | - Myoung Jin Ho
- College of PharmacyDankook University Chungnam 330‐714 South Korea
| | - Young Wook Choi
- College of PharmacyChung‐Ang University Seoul 150‐756 South Korea
| | - Myung Joo Kang
- College of PharmacyDankook University Chungnam 330‐714 South Korea
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Shin DJ, Chae BR, Goo YT, Yoon HY, Kim CH, Sohn SI, Oh D, Lee A, Song SH, Choi YW. Improved Dissolution and Oral Bioavailability of Valsartan Using a Solidified Supersaturable Self-Microemulsifying Drug Delivery System Containing Gelucire ® 44/14. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11020058. [PMID: 30708963 PMCID: PMC6409713 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11020058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
To improve the dissolution and oral bioavailability of valsartan (VST), we previously formulated a supersaturable self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SuSMED) composed of Capmul® MCM (oil), Tween® 80 (surfactant), Transcutol® P (cosurfactant), and Poloxamer 407 (precipitation inhibitor) but encountered a stability problem (Transcutol® P-induced weight loss in storage) after solidification. In the present study, replacing Transcutol® P with Gelucire® 44/14 resulted in a novel SuSMED formulation, wherein the total amount of surfactant/cosurfactant was less than that of the previous formulation. Solidified SuSMED (S-SuSMED) granules were prepared by blending VST-containing SuSMED with selective solid carriers, L-HPC and Florite® PS-10, wherein VST existed in an amorphous state. S-SuSMED tablets fabricated by direct compression with additional excipients were sufficiently stable in terms of drug content and impurity changes after 6 months of storage at accelerated conditions (40 ± 2 °C and 75 ± 5% relative humidity). Consequently, enhanced dissolution was obtained (pH 1.2, 2 h): 6-fold for S-SuSMED granules against raw VST; 2.3-fold for S-SuSMED tablets against Diovan® (reference tablet). S-SuSMED tablets increased oral bioavailability in rats (10 mg/kg VST dose): approximately 177–198% versus raw VST and Diovan®. Therefore, VST-loaded S-SuSMED formulations might be good candidates for practical development in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Jun Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea.
| | - Bo Ram Chae
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea.
- Daewon Pharm. Co., Ltd, 520 Cheonhodae-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 04994, Korea.
| | - Yoon Tae Goo
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea.
| | - Ho Yub Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea.
| | - Chang Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea.
| | - Se Il Sohn
- Daewon Pharm. Co., Ltd, 520 Cheonhodae-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 04994, Korea.
| | - Dongho Oh
- Daewon Pharm. Co., Ltd, 520 Cheonhodae-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 04994, Korea.
| | - Ahram Lee
- Daewon Pharm. Co., Ltd, 520 Cheonhodae-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 04994, Korea.
| | - Seh Hyon Song
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea.
| | - Young Wook Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea.
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Cho MJ, Kim MJ, Kim K, Choi YW, Lee SJ, Whang YM, Chang IH. The immunotherapeutic effects of recombinant Bacillus Calmette-Guérin resistant to antimicrobial peptides on bladder cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 509:167-174. [PMID: 30579607 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.12.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the most widely used bladder cancer immunotherapy, innate immune responses involving antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) cause BCG failure and unwanted side effects. Here, we generated genetically modified BCG strains with improved immunotherapeutic effects by adding genes that confer evasion of AMPs. MATERIALS AND METHODS We constructed recombinant BCG (rBCG) strains expressing Streptococcal inhibitor of complement (Sic), which confers resistance to human α-defensin-1 and cathelicidin, and d-alanyl carrier protein ligase (dltA), which confers resistance to cationic AMPs. Sic and dltA were separately cloned into the pMV306 plasmid and introduced into BCG via electroporation. Then, the efficacy of the rBCGs was tested in a growth inhibition assay using two bladder cancer cell lines (5637, T24). RESULTS We confirmed the presence of cDNA segments corresponding to the Sic and dltA genes in total mRNA of the rBCG strains containing Sic (rBCG-Sic) and dltA (rBCG-dltA), and these rBCGs showed higher survival against AMPs. The growth inhibitory effects of rBCGs on bladder cancer cells were significantly enhanced compared to those of the parent BCG, and THP-1 migration also increased. After 8 h of infection, the levels of internalization were higher in rBCG-infected bladder cancer cells than in BCG-infected cells, and cells infected with rBCGs showed increased release of antitumor cytokines, such as IL-6/12, TNF-α, and INF-γ, resulting in inhibition of bacterial killing and immune modulation via antimicrobial peptides. CONCLUSIONS rBCG-Sic and rBCG-dltA can effectively evade BCG-stimulated AMPs, and may be significantly improved immunotherapeutic tools to treat bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ji Cho
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Joo Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kijeong Kim
- College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Wook Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jin Lee
- Genitourinary Cancer Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Mi Whang
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - In Ho Chang
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Whang YM, Kim MJ, Cho MJ, Yoon H, Choi YW, Kim TH, Chang IH. Rapamycin enhances growth inhibition on urothelial carcinoma cells through LKB1 deficiency-mediated mitochondrial dysregulation. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:13083-13096. [PMID: 30549029 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Rapamycin, a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, has significant potential for application in the treatment of urothelial carcinoma (URCa) of the bladder. Previous studies have shown that regulation of the AMP-activated serine/threonine protein kinase (AMPK)-mTOR signaling pathway enhances apoptosis by inducing autophagy or mitophagy in bladder cancer. Alteration of liver kinase B1 (LKB1)-AMPK signaling leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and the accumulation of autophagy-related proteins as a result of mitophagy, resulting in enhanced cell sensitivity to drug treatments. Therefore, we hypothesized that LKB1 deficiency in URCa cells could lead to increased sensitivity to rapamycin by inducing mitochondrial defect-mediated mitophagy. To test this, we established stable LKBI-knockdown URCa cells and analyzed the effects of rapamycin on their growth. Rapamycin enhanced growth inhibition and apoptosis in stable LKB1-knockdown URCa cells and in a xenograft mouse model. In spite of the stable downregulation of LKB1 expression, rapamycin induced AMPK activation in URCa cells, causing loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP depletion, and ROS accumulation, indicating an alteration of mitochondrial biogenesis. Our findings suggest that the absence of LKB1 can be targeted to induce dysregulated mitochondrial biogenesis by rapamycin treatment in the design of novel therapeutic strategies for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Mi Whang
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Joo Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ji Cho
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoyub Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Wook Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyoung Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In Ho Chang
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Son HY, Chae BR, Choi JY, Shin DJ, Goo YT, Lee ES, Kang TH, Kim CH, Yoon HY, Choi YW. Optimization of self-microemulsifying drug delivery system for phospholipid complex of telmisartan using D-optimal mixture design. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208339. [PMID: 30517187 PMCID: PMC6281252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To improve the dissolution behavior of telmisartan (TMS), a poorly water-soluble angiotensin II receptor blocker, TMS-phospholipid complex (TPC) was prepared by solvent evaporation method and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffractometry. The crystalline structure of TMS was transited into an amorphous state by TPC formation. The equilibrium solubility of TPC (1.3-6.1 mg/mL) in various vehicles was about 100 times higher than that of TMS (0.009-0.058 mg/mL). TPC-loaded self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) formulation was optimized using the D-optimal mixture design with the composition of 14% Capryol 90 (oil; X1), 59.9% tween 80 (surfactant; X2), and 26.1% tetraglycol (cosurfactant; X3) as independent variables, which resulted in a droplet size of 22.17 nm (Y1), TMS solubilization of 4.06 mg/mL (Y2), and 99.4% drug release in 15 min (Y3) as response factors. The desirability function value was 0.854, indicating the reliability and accuracy of optimization; in addition, good agreement was found between the model prediction and experimental values of Y1, Y2, and Y3. Dissolution of raw TMS was poor and pH-dependent, where it had extremely low dissolution (< 1% for 2 h) in water, pH 4, and pH 6.8 media; however, it showed fast and high dissolution (> 90% in 5 min) in pH 1.2 medium. In contrast, the dissolution of the optimized TPC-loaded SMEDDS was pH-independent and reached over 90% within 5 min in all the media tested. Thus, we suggested that phospholipid complex formation and SMEDDS formulation using the experimental design method might be a promising approach to enhance the dissolution of poorly soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Yong Son
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Ram Chae
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeh Choi
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Dong Jun Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Tae Goo
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Seok Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Yub Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Wook Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lee SG, Shin DJ, Lee ES, Goo YT, Kim CH, Yoon HY, Lee MW, Bang H, Seo SJ, Choi YW. Enhanced Chemical Stability of Hirsutenone Incorporated into a Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Formulation Containing Antioxidants. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Gon Lee
- College of Pharmacy; Chung-Ang University; Seoul 06974 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jun Shin
- College of Pharmacy; Chung-Ang University; Seoul 06974 Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Seok Lee
- College of Pharmacy; Chung-Ang University; Seoul 06974 Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Tae Goo
- College of Pharmacy; Chung-Ang University; Seoul 06974 Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy; Chung-Ang University; Seoul 06974 Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Yub Yoon
- College of Pharmacy; Chung-Ang University; Seoul 06974 Republic of Korea
| | - Min Won Lee
- College of Pharmacy; Chung-Ang University; Seoul 06974 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoweon Bang
- College of Medicine; Chung-Ang University; Seoul 06974 Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jun Seo
- College of Medicine; Chung-Ang University; Seoul 06974 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Wook Choi
- College of Pharmacy; Chung-Ang University; Seoul 06974 Republic of Korea
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Noh G, Keum T, Seo JE, Choi J, Rakesh B, Shrawani L, Park B, Choi YW, Lee S. Development and Evaluation of a Water Soluble Fluorometholone Eye Drop Formulation Employing Polymeric Micelle. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10040208. [PMID: 30373320 PMCID: PMC6321262 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10040208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Low aqueous solubility of drug causes difficulties in preparation and inconvenience of administration. Polymeric micelles of fluorometholone (FML) using solid dispersion technique were prepared to develop an eye drop formulation with enhanced water solubility. Solid dispersions of FML were prepared at various FML:Soluplus® w/w ratios using solvent evaporation method. A physical mixture was also prepared. Physicochemical characterization was performed with various methods. Ex vivo porcine corneal permeation of polymeric micelle, physical mixture, and commercial product were compared. FML solid dispersion (1:15) showed the highest solubility, which was c.a. 169.6- and 15.3-fold higher than that of pure FML and physical mixture. Characterization showed that the crystalline form of FML changed to amorphous state and polymeric micelles were formed in round micelle. Flucon®, a commercial product of FML, showed significantly large particle size and high poly dispersity index. In contrast, FML polymeric micelle showed submicron size with uniform size distribution. Ex vivo porcine corneal permeation study showed that permeation by polymeric micelles was significantly higher than that by the commercial product and physical mixture. In addition, confocal laser scanning microscopic analysis supported the enhanced porcine corneal tissue permeation property of polymeric micelle. In conclusion, polymeric micelle prepared with solid dispersion using Soluplus® can be a potential nanomedicine for ocular delivery of poorly water-soluble FML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyubin Noh
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea.
| | - Taekwang Keum
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea.
| | - Jo-Eun Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea.
| | - Jaewoong Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea.
| | - Bastola Rakesh
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea.
| | - Lamichhane Shrawani
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea.
| | - Byoungduck Park
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea.
| | - Young Wook Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heuksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea.
| | - Sangkil Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea.
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Kim CH, Sung SW, Lee ES, Kang TH, Yoon HY, Goo YT, Cho HR, Kim DY, Kang MJ, Choi YS, Lee S, Choi YW. Sterically Stabilized RIPL Peptide-Conjugated Nanostructured Lipid Carriers: Characterization, Cellular Uptake, Cytotoxicity, and Biodistribution. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:E199. [PMID: 30360549 PMCID: PMC6321264 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10040199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As a platform for hepsin-specific drug delivery, we previously prepared IPLVVPLRRRRRRRRC peptide (RIPL)-conjugated nanostructured lipid carriers (RIPL-NLCs) composed of Labrafil® M 1944 CS (liquid oil) and Precirol® ATO 5 (solid lipid). In this study, to prevent the recognition by the mononuclear phagocyte system, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified RIPL-NLCs (PEG-RIPL-NLCs) were prepared using PEG3000 at different grafting ratios (1, 5, and 10 mole %). All prepared NLCs showed a homogeneous dispersion (130⁻280 nm), with zeta potentials varying from -18 to 10 mV. Docetaxel (DTX) was successfully encapsulated in NLCs: encapsulation efficiency (93⁻95%); drug-loading capacity (102⁻109 µg/mg). PEG-RIPL-NLCs with a grafting ratio of 5% PEG or higher showed significantly reduced protein adsorption and macrophage phagocytosis. The uptake of PEG(5%)-RIPL-NLCs by cancer cell lines was somewhat lower than that of RIPL-NLCs because of the PEG-induced steric hindrance; however, the uptake level of PEG-RIPL-NLCs was still greater than that of plain NLCs. In vivo biodistribution was evaluated after tail vein injection of NLCs to normal mice. Compared to RIPL-NLCs, PEG(5%)-RIPL-NLCs showed lower accumulation in the liver, spleen, and lung. In conclusion, we found that PEG(5%)-RIPL-NLCs could be a promising nanocarrier for selective drug targeting with a high payload of poorly water-soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heuksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
| | - Si Woo Sung
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heuksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
| | - Eun Seok Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heuksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
| | - Tae Hoon Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heuksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
| | - Ho Yub Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heuksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
| | - Yoon Tae Goo
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heuksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
| | - Ha Ra Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Korea.
| | - Dong Yoon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Korea.
| | - Myung Joo Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Korea.
| | - Yong Seok Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Korea.
| | - Sangkil Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Daegu 704-701, Korea.
| | - Young Wook Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heuksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
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Kim CH, Sa CK, Goh MS, Lee ES, Kang TH, Yoon HY, Battogtokh G, Ko YT, Choi YW. pH-sensitive PEGylation of RIPL peptide-conjugated nanostructured lipid carriers: design and in vitro evaluation. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:6661-6675. [PMID: 30425481 PMCID: PMC6204877 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s184355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RIPL peptide (IPLVVPLRRRRRRRRC)-conjugated nanostructured lipid carriers (RIPL-NLCs) can facilitate selective drug delivery to hepsin (Hpn)-expressing cancer cells, but they exhibit low stability in the blood. Generally, biocompatible and nontoxic poly(ethylene glycol) surface modification (PEGylation) can enhance NLC stability, although this may impair drug delivery and NLC clearance. To attain RIPL-NLC steric stabilization without impairing function, pH-sensitive cleavable PEG (cPEG) was grafted onto RIPL-NLCs (cPEG-RIPL-NLCs). METHODS Various types of NLC formulations including RIPL-NLCs, PEG-RIPL-NLCs, and cPEG-RIPL-NLCs were prepared using the solvent emulsification-evaporation method and characterized for particle size, zeta potential (ZP), and cytotoxicity. The steric stabilization effect was evaluated by plasma protein adsorption and phagocytosis inhibition studies. pH-sensitive cleavage was investigated using the dialysis method under different pH conditions. Employing a fluorescent probe (1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate [DiI]), in vitro drug delivery capacity of the cPEG-RIPL-NLCs under different pH conditions was also performed on Hpn-expressing SKOV3 cells and 3D-tumor spheroids. RESULTS All prepared NLCs showed homogenous dispersion (<220 nm in size) with a negative ZP (-18 to -22 mV), except for positively charged RIPL-NLCs (~10 mV), revealing no significant cytotoxicity in either SKOV3 or RAW 264.7 cell lines. cPEG-RIPL-NLC protein adsorption was 1.75-fold less than that of RIPL-NLCs, and PEGylation significantly reduced the macrophage uptake. PEG detachment from the cPEG-RIPL-NLCs was pH-sensitive and time dependent. At 2 hours incubation, cPEG-RIPL-NLCs and PEG-RIPL-NLCs exhibited comparable cellular uptake at pH 7.4, whereas cPEG-RIPL-NLC uptake was increased over 2-fold at pH 6.5. 3D-spheroid penetration also demonstrated pH-sensitivity: at pH 7.4, cPEG-RIPL-NLCs could not penetrate deep into the spheroid core region during 2 hours, whereas at pH 6.5, high fluorescence intensity in the core region was observed for both cPEG-RIPL-NLC-and RIPL-NLC-treated groups. CONCLUSION cPEG-RIPL-NLCs are good candidates for Hpn-selective drug targeting in conjunction with pH-responsive PEG cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
| | - Cheol-Ki Sa
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
| | - Min Su Goh
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
| | - Eun Seok Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
| | - Tae Hoon Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
| | - Ho Yub Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
| | | | - Young Tag Ko
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Wook Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
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Kwak SS, Lee ES, Yoon HY, Kim CH, Goo YT, Kang MJ, Lee S, Lee BS, Jeon HR, Oh CH, Choi YW. Immediate release tablet formulation of varenicline salicylate and comparative pharmacokinetic study in human volunteers. Drug Des Devel Ther 2018; 12:3377-3392. [PMID: 30349192 PMCID: PMC6186768 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s178456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop an immediate release-type tablet containing varenicline salicylate (VRC-S), a smoking cessation agent, formulation and stability studies were performed. The in vitro dissolution and in vivo pharmacokinetic (PK) behavior of the tablets were compared with those of the commercial product (Champix) as a reference. MATERIALS AND METHODS The characteristics of the powder were investigated by particle morphology, size distribution, solubility, hygroscopicity, differential scanning calorimetry, and powder X-ray diffraction. Based on the drug-excipient compatibility test, different VRC-S tablets were prepared with the selected excipients through direct compression or wet granulation method and subjected to a dissolution test. The stability of the most promising VRC-S tablet (F4) was evaluated under accelerated conditions (40°C and 75% relative humidity). Further, the dissolution and human pharmacokinetic profiles of the F4 tablet and Champix were compared. RESULTS VRC-S showed a positively skewed unimodal size distribution with a specific surface area of 2.02 m2/g, single endothermic peak of 225.2°C in differential scanning calorimetry, crystalline internal structure in powder X-ray diffraction, aqueous solubility of 244.7 mg/mL, and hygroscopicity of 0.256 mg/g. The wet granulation method was preferred for tablet preparation and employed the following excipients: microcrystalline cellulose and anhydrous dibasic calcium phosphate as diluents, croscarmellose sodium as a disintegrant, and colloidal silicon dioxide and magnesium stearate as lubricants. The F4 tablet was stable for 6 months under accelerated conditions. The dissolution of VRC was pH independent, revealing f 2 values of 76.49 and 68.38 at pH 1.2 and pH 6.8, respectively. After the oral administration of F4 tablet and Champix to healthy human volunteers, pharmacokinetic parameters, including time to reach the maximum plasma concentration (Tmax), maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), and area under the curve from 0 to infinity (AUCinf), were compared. The values of 90% CI were 0.972-1.035 for Cmax and 0.982-1.075 for AUCinf, which was indicative of the bioequivalence of both products. CONCLUSION VRC-S-containing F4 tablet might be a good candidate for smoking cessation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Shin Kwak
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea,
| | - Eun Seok Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea,
| | - Ho Yub Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea,
| | - Chang Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea,
| | - Yoon Tae Goo
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea,
| | - Myung Joo Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, CheonanChungnam 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkil Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Dalgubeol-daero, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Sang Lee
- CTCBIO INC., Hyundaikia-ro, Paltan, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi 18576, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Ryeol Jeon
- CTCBIO INC., Hyundaikia-ro, Paltan, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi 18576, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Oh
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science & Technology (KIST), Hwarang-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Wook Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea,
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Chae JS, Chae BR, Shin DJ, Goo YT, Lee ES, Yoon HY, Kim CH, Choi YW. Tablet Formulation of a Polymeric Solid Dispersion Containing Amorphous Alkalinized Telmisartan. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:2990-2999. [PMID: 30043191 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1124-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To overcome the poor dissolution of telmisartan (TMS) at weak acidic pH, amorphous alkalinized TMS (AAT) was prepared by introducing sodium hydroxide as a selective alkalizer. AAT-containing polymeric solid dispersions were prepared by a solvent evaporation method; these solid dispersions were AAT-PEG, AAT-PVP, AAT-POL, and AAT-SOL for the polymers of PEG 6000, PVP K30, Poloxamer 407, and Soluplus, respectively. The characteristics of the different formulations were observed by differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. To compare the supersaturation behavior, a dissolution test was performed at 37 ± 0.5 °C either in 900 ml (plain condition) or 500 ml (limited condition) of pH 6.8-simulated intestinal fluid used as a medium. AAT-SOL exhibited enhanced dissolution, indicating the probability of extended supersaturation in the limited condition. AAT-SOL was further formulated into a tablet by introducing other excipients, Vivapur 105 and Croscarmellose, as a binder and superdisintegrant, respectively, using a direct compression method. The selected AAT-SOL tablet was superior to Micardis (the reference product) in the aspect of supersaturation maintenance during dissolution in the limited condition, suggesting that it is a promising candidate for practical development that can replace the commercial product in the future.
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Bashyal S, Seo JE, Keum T, Noh G, Choi YW, Lee S. Facilitated permeation of insulin across TR146 cells by cholic acid derivatives-modified elastic bilosomes. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:5173-5186. [PMID: 30233179 PMCID: PMC6135218 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s168310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Buccal delivery of insulin is still a challenging issue for the researchers due to the presence of permeability barrier (buccal mucosa) in the buccal cavity. The main objective of this study was to investigate the safety, effectiveness, and potential of various liposomes containing different bile salts to improve the permeation of insulin across in vitro TR146 buccal cell layers. METHODS Elastic bilosomes containing soy lecithin and bile salt edge activators (sodium cholate [SC], sodium taurocholate [STC], sodium glycocholate [SGC], sodium deoxyglycocholate [SDGC], or sodium deoxytaurocholate [SDTC]) were fabricated by thin-film hydration method. The prepared liposomes were characterized, and in vitro permeation studies were performed. The fluorescein isothiocyanate-insulin-loaded elastic bilosomes were used to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative cellular uptake studies. RESULTS The prepared elastic bilosomes had a particle size and an entrapment efficiency of ~140-150 nm and 66%-78%, respectively. SDGC-lipo (SDGC-incorporated liposome) was observed to be the most superior with an enhancement ratio (ER) of 5.24 (P<0.001). The SC-incorporated liposome (SC-lipo) and SDTC-incorporated liposome (SDTC-lipo) also led to a significant enhancement with ERs of 3.20 and 3.10 (P<0.05), respectively, compared with insulin solution. These results were further supported by quantitative and qualitative cellular uptake studies performed employing fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis and confocal microscopy, respectively. The relative median fluorescence intensity values of elastic bilosomes were counted in the order of SDGC-lipo > SC-lipo > SDTC-lipo > SGC-incorporated liposome > STC-incorporated liposome, and similarity in the permeability profile of the employed elastic bilosomes was noted. CONCLUSION This study presents the employment of various derivatives of cholic acid-loaded elastic bilosomes as a promising strategy to enhance the permeation of insulin through buccal route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Bashyal
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea,
| | - Jo-Eun Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea,
| | - Taekwang Keum
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea,
| | - Gyubin Noh
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea,
| | - Young Wook Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkil Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea,
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Kang Y, Lee E, Lee JW, Kim SR, Kang MJ, Choi YW, Ahn JM, Kang Y, Kang HS. Effect of Poly(Lactide-Co-Glycolide) Nanoparticles on Local Retention of Fluorescent Material: An Experimental Study in Mice. Korean J Radiol 2018; 19:950-956. [PMID: 30174485 PMCID: PMC6082767 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2018.19.5.950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles are promising materials for the development of new drug-releasing systems. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vivo retention time of materials loaded in nanoparticles as compared with that of the material alone by in vivo imaging in nude mice. Materials and Methods Mice (n = 20) were injected with 0.1 mL fluorescent material 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3' tetramethylindotricarbocyanine iodide (DiR)-loaded PLGA nanoparticles (200 nm) into the right paraspinal muscle, and the same volume of pure DiR solution was injected into the left paraspinal muscle. Fluorescence images were obtained using an in vivo optical imaging system. Fluorescent images were taken 1 day after the injection, and seven more images were taken at 1-week intervals. Image analysis was done with ImageJ program, and one region of interest was chosen manually, which corresponded to the highest signal-intensity area of fluorescence signal intensity. Results After 7 weeks, 12 mice showed a right-sided dominant signal, representing the DiR loaded PLGA nanoparticles; 5 mice showed a left-side dominant signal, representing the free DiR solution; and 3 mice showed no signal at all beginning 1 day after the injection. During the 7-week period, the mean signal intensities of the free DiR solution and DiR-loaded PLGA nanoparticles diverged gradually. On day 1, the mean signal intensity of free DiR solution was significantly higher than that of DiR-loaded PLGA (p < 0.001). Finally, by week 7, DiR-loaded PLGA express significantly high signal intensity compared with free DiR solution (p = 0.031). Conclusion The results of the current study suggested that therapeutic agents bound to PLGA nanoparticles may exhibit prolonged retention times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonah Kang
- Department of Radiology, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul 07061, Korea.,Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea
| | - Eugene Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea
| | - Joon Woo Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea
| | - Sung Rae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06911, Korea
| | - Myung Joo Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Young Wook Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06911, Korea
| | - Joong Mo Ahn
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea
| | - Yusuhn Kang
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea
| | - Heung Sik Kang
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea
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Park JK, Choi YW, Kim BS, Chang KS, Lee YG, Shin JH, Lim YH, Park HC, Shin J. P1880Independent effect of physical activity and resting heart rate on incidence of atrial fibrillation in general population. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy565.p1880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J K Park
- Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - Y W Choi
- Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - B S Kim
- Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - K S Chang
- Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - Y G Lee
- Hanyang University Kuri Hospital, Cardiology, Guri, Korea Republic of
| | - J H Shin
- Hanyang University Kuri Hospital, Cardiology, Guri, Korea Republic of
| | - Y H Lim
- Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - H C Park
- Hanyang University Kuri Hospital, Cardiology, Guri, Korea Republic of
| | - J Shin
- Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea Republic of
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