Goo YT, Kim MS, Choi JY, Sin GH, Hong SH, Kim CH, Choi YW. A cochleate formulation optimized by D-optimal mixture design enhances oral bioavailability of Revaprazan.
J Liposome Res 2024;
34:31-43. [PMID:
37158827 DOI:
10.1080/08982104.2023.2209171]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A cochleate formulation was developed to enhance the oral bioavailability of revaprazan (RVP). Dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) liposome containing dicetyl phosphate (DCP) successfully formed a cochleate after treatment with CaCl2, whereas that containing sodium deoxycholate did not. Cochleate was optimised using a D-optimal mixture design with three independent variables-DMPC (X1, 70.58 mol%), cholesterol (X2, 22.54 mol%), and DCP (X3, 6.88 mol%)-and three response variables: encapsulation efficiency (Y1, 76.92%), released amount of free fatty acid at 2 h (Y2, 39.82%), and released amount of RVP at 6 h (Y3, 73.72%). The desirability function was 0.616, showing an excellent agreement between the predicted and experimental values. The cylindrical morphology of the optimised cochleate was visualised, and laurdan spectroscopy confirmed the dehydrated membrane interface, showing an increased generalised polarisation value (approximately 0.5) over small unilamellar vesicle of RVP (RVP-SUV; approximately 0.1). The optimised cochleate showed greater resistance to pancreatic enzyme than RVP-SUV. RVP was released in a controlled manner, achieving approximately 94% release in 12 h. Following oral administration in rats, the optimised cochleate improved the relative bioavailability of RVP by approximately 274%, 255%, and 172% compared to RVP suspension, a physical mixture of RVP and the cochleate, and RVP-SUV, respectively. Thus, the optimised cochleate formulation might be a good candidate for the practical development of RVP.
Collapse