1
|
Liu Y, Guerrero DQ, Lechuga-Ballesteros D, Tan M, Ahmad F, Aleiwi B, Ellsworth EL, Chen B, Chua MS, So S. Lipid-Based Self-Microemulsion of Niclosamide Achieved Enhanced Oral Delivery and Anti-Tumor Efficacy in Orthotopic Patient-Derived Xenograft of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Mice. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:2639-2653. [PMID: 38500681 PMCID: PMC10946447 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s442143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction We previously identified niclosamide as a promising repurposed drug candidate for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment. However, it is poorly water soluble, limiting its tissue bioavailability and clinical application. To overcome these challenges, we developed an orally bioavailable self-microemulsifying drug delivery system encapsulating niclosamide (Nic-SMEDDS). Methods Nic-SMEDDS was synthesized and characterized for its physicochemical properties, in vivo pharmacokinetics and absorption mechanisms, and in vivo therapeutic efficacy in an orthotopic patient-derived xenograft (PDX)-HCC mouse model. Niclosamide ethanolamine salt (NEN), with superior water solubility, was used as a positive control. Results Nic-SMEDDS (5.6% drug load) displayed favorable physicochemical properties and drug release profiles in vitro. In vivo, Nic-SMEDDS displayed prolonged retention time and plasma release profile compared to niclosamide or NEN. Oral administration of Nic-SMEDDS to non-tumor bearing mice improved niclosamide bioavailability and Cmax by 4.1- and 1.8-fold, respectively, compared to oral niclosamide. Cycloheximide pre-treatment blocked niclosamide absorption from orally administered Nic-SMEDDS, suggesting that its absorption was facilitated through the chylomicron pathway. Nic-SMEDDS (100 mg/kg, bid) showed greater anti-tumor efficacy compared to NEN (200 mg/kg, qd); this correlated with higher levels (p < 0.01) of niclosamide, increased caspase-3, and decreased Ki-67 in the harvested PDX tissues when Nic-SMEDDS was given. Biochemical analysis at the treatment end-point indicated that Nic-SMEDDS elevated lipid levels in treated mice. Conclusion We successfully developed an orally bioavailable formulation of niclosamide, which significantly enhanced oral bioavailability and anti-tumor efficacy in an HCC PDX mouse model. Our data support its clinical translation for the treatment of solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David Quintanar Guerrero
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Posgrado en Tecnologías Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán Izcalli, CP, 54745, Mexico
| | | | - Mingdian Tan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Faiz Ahmad
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bilal Aleiwi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Edmund Lee Ellsworth
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Mei-Sze Chua
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Samuel So
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kovačević M, Zvonar Pobirk A, German Ilić I. The effect of polymeric binder type and concentration on flow and dissolution properties of SMEDDS loaded mesoporous silica-based granules. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 193:106582. [PMID: 37709174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) are lipid-based formulations, designed to improve the solubility of poorly-water soluble drugs. Mesoporous silica is frequently used for SMEDDS solidification by various techniques. One of them is wet granulation, which enables achieving both high SMEDDS load and good flow properties. This study investigated the effect of six polymeric binders' addition to granulation dispersion (GD) (povidone K30, povidone K90, copovidone, Pharmacoat® 603, Pharmacoat® 615 and Methocel™ K100 Premium LV) on characteristics of produced SMEDDS granules, prepared by wet granulation. By incorporation of polymer in GD, it was possible to produce mesoporous silica-based free-flowing granules, with preserved self-microemulsifying properties, responsible for improved in vitro release of carvedilol. The incorporation of higher molecular weight binders resulted in slower in vitro release, while high binder concentration was related to faster drug release. The highest release rate was achieved with povidone K30 at 7.45 % binder concentration, as corresponding granules exhibited complete drug release already in 5 min. Granulation method (manual vs. high-shear) influenced the release rate of carvedilol as it was released slower from SMEDDS granules prepared using the granulator. Finally, SMEDDS tablet formulation was optimized to achieve maximum granule content and adequate tablet hardness. Increased granule content found to negatively influence tablet hardness, as maximum granule content of 25 % was needed to obtain appropriate hardness. Such tablets exhibited short disintegration time, so this final prototype can be considered as orodispersible tablet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mila Kovačević
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Alenka Zvonar Pobirk
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Ilija German Ilić
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Subramaniam S, Elz A, Wignall A, Kamath S, Ariaee A, Hunter A, Newblack T, Wardill HR, Prestidge CA, Joyce P. Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) disrupt the gut microbiota and trigger an intestinal inflammatory response in rats. Int J Pharm 2023; 648:123614. [PMID: 37979632 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (i.e. SEDDS, SMEDDS and SNEDDS) are widely employed as solubility and bioavailability enhancing formulation strategies for poorly water-soluble drugs. Despite the capacity for SEDDS to effectively facilitate oral drug absorption, tolerability concerns exist due to the capacity for high concentrations of surfactants (typically present within SEDDS) to induce gastrointestinal toxicity and mucosal irritation. With new knowledge surrounding the role of the gut microbiota in modulating intestinal inflammation and mucosal injury, there is a clear need to determine the impact of SEDDS on the gut microbiota. The current study is the first of its kind to demonstrate the detrimental impact of SEDDS on the gut microbiota of Sprague-Dawley rats, following daily oral administration (100 mg/kg) for 21 days. SEDDS comprising a lipid phase (i.e. Type I, II and III formulations according to the Lipid Formulation Classification Scheme) induced significant changes to the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota, evidenced through a reduction in operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and alpha diversity (Shannon's index), along with statistically significant shifts in beta diversity (according to PERMANOVA of multi-dimensional Bray-Curtis plots). Key signatures of gut microbiota dysbiosis correlated with the increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines within the jejunum, while mucosal injury was characterised by significant reductions in plasma citrulline levels, a validated biomarker of enterocyte mass and mucosal barrier integrity. These findings have potential clinical ramifications for chronically administered drugs that are formulated with SEDDS and stresses the need for further studies that investigate dose-dependent effects of SEDDS on the gastrointestinal microenvironment in a clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santhni Subramaniam
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation (CPI), UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, South Australia, Australia
| | - Aurelia Elz
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation (CPI), UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, South Australia, Australia
| | - Anthony Wignall
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation (CPI), UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, South Australia, Australia
| | - Srinivas Kamath
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation (CPI), UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, South Australia, Australia
| | - Amin Ariaee
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation (CPI), UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alexander Hunter
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation (CPI), UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tahlia Newblack
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation (CPI), UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, South Australia, Australia
| | - Hannah R Wardill
- Supportive Oncology Research Group, Precision Cancer Medicine (Theme), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Clive A Prestidge
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation (CPI), UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, South Australia, Australia
| | - Paul Joyce
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation (CPI), UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, South Australia, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Londhe V, Bakshi P. Improved oral bioavailability of febuxostat by liquid self-micro emulsifying drug delivery system in capsule shells. Ann Pharm Fr 2023; 81:833-842. [PMID: 37178907 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Febuxostat is a non-purine xanthine oxidase inhibitor which belongs to the BCS class II. Main aim of this study is to enhance dissolution and bioavailability of a drug by formulating a liquid self-micro emulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) in different capsule shells. METHOD Compatability of gelatin and cellulose capsule shells was checked with different oils, surfactants and co-surfactants. Solubility studies were then carried out in selected excipients. Capryol 90, labrasol, and PEG 400 were used in a liquid SMEDDS formulation based on phase diagram and the drug loading. Further SMEDDS was characterized for zeta potential, globule size and shape, thermal stability and in vitro release. Based on the in vitro release, pharmacokinetic study was carried out using SMEDDS in gelatin capsule shells. RESULT The diluted SMEDDS had globule size of 157.9±1.5d.nm, zeta potential of -16.2±0.4mV and they were thermodynamically stable. The formulation was found stable for 12 months in capsule shells. When tested in different media (0.1N HCl and pH 4.5 acetate buffer), the in vitro release of newly produced formulations differed substantially from that of commercially available tablets, while the release rate in alkaline medium (pH 6.8) was comparable and the highest. According to in vivo findings in rats, a threefold increase in plasma concentration, a fourfold increase in AUC0-t, and a reduction in oral clearance increased fuxostat's oral bioavailability. CONCLUSION This investigation revealed that the novel liquid SMEDDS formulation sealed in capsules has considerable potential as a vehicle for enhancing the bioavailability of febuxostat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Londhe
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Vile Parle [W], 400056 Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Pooja Bakshi
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Vile Parle [W], 400056 Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Emad NA, Sultana Y, Aqil M, Saleh A, Al kamaly O, Nasr FA. Omega-3 fatty acid-based self-microemulsifying drug delivery system ( SMEDDS) of pioglitazone: Optimization, in vitro and in vivo studies. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103778. [PMID: 37663396 PMCID: PMC10470285 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pioglitazone (PGL) is an effective insulin sensitizer, however, side effects such as accumulation of subcutaneous fat, edema, and weight gain as well as poor oral bioavailability limit its therapeutic potential for oral delivery. Recent studies have shown that combination of both, PGL and fish oil significantly reduce fasting plasma glucose, improve insulin resistance, and mitigate pioglitazone-induced subcutaneous fat accumulation and weight gain. Nevertheless, developing an effective oral drug delivery system for administration of both medications have not been explored yet. Thus, this study aimed to develop a self-micro emulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) for the simultaneous oral administration of PGL and fish oil. SMEDDS was developed using concentrated fish oil,Tween® 80, and Transcutol HP and optimized by central composite design (CCD). The reconstituted, optimized PGL-SMEDDS exhibited a globule size of 142 nm, a PDI of 0.232, and a zeta potential of -20.9 mV. The in-vitro drug release study of the PGL-SMEDDS showed a first-order model kinetic release and demonstrated remarkable 15-fold enhancement compared to PGL suspension. Additionally, following oral administration in fasting albino Wistar rats, PGL-SMEDDS exhibited 3.4-fold and 1.4-fold enhancements in the AUC0-24h compared to PGL suspension and PGL marketed product. The accelerated stability testing showed that the optimized SMEDDS formulation was stable over a three-month storage period. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the developed fish oil-based SMEDDS for PGL could serve as effective nanoplatforms for the oral delivery of PGL, warranting future studies to explore its synergistic therapeutic potential in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasr A. Emad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), M. B. Road, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Yasmin Sultana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), M. B. Road, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohd Aqil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), M. B. Road, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Asmaa Saleh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omkulthom Al kamaly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahd A Nasr
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ansari MM, Vo DK, Choi HI, Ryu JS, Bae Y, Bukhari NI, Zeb A, Kim JK, Maeng HJ. Formulation and Evaluation of a Self-Microemulsifying Drug Delivery System of Raloxifene with Improved Solubility and Oral Bioavailability. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2073. [PMID: 37631288 PMCID: PMC10459739 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor aqueous solubility and dissolution limit the oral bioavailability of Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class II drugs. In this study, we aimed to improve the aqueous solubility and oral bioavailability of raloxifene hydrochloride (RLX), a BCS class II drug, using a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS). Based on the solubilities of RLX, Capryol 90, Tween 80/Labrasol ALF, and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG-400) were selected as the oil, surfactant mixture, and cosurfactant, respectively. Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were constructed to determine the optimal composition (Capryol 90/Tween 80/Labrasol ALF/PEG-400 in 150/478.1/159.4/212.5 volume ratio) for RLX-SMEDDS with a small droplet size (147.1 nm) and stable microemulsification (PDI: 0.227). Differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffraction of lyophilized RLX-SMEDDS revealed the loss of crystallinity, suggesting a molecularly dissolved or amorphous state of RLX in the SMEDDS formulation. Moreover, RLX-SMEDDS exhibited significantly higher saturation solubility and dissolution rate in water, simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2), and simulated intestinal fluid (pH 6.8) than RLX powder. Additionally, oral administration of RLX-SMEDDS to female rats resulted in 1.94- and 1.80-fold higher area under the curve and maximum plasma concentration, respectively, than the RLX dispersion. Collectively, our findings suggest SMEDDS is a promising oral formulation to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of RLX.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mohsin Ansari
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Dang-Khoa Vo
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Ik Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Su Ryu
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Yumi Bae
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Nadeem Irfan Bukhari
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Alam Zeb
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ki Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Joo Maeng
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mudassir J, Raza A, Khan MA, Hameed H, Shazly GA, Irfan A, Rana SJ, Abbas K, Arshad MS, Muhammad S, Bin Jardan YA. Design and Evaluation of Hydrophobic Ion Paired Insulin Loaded Self Micro-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System for Oral Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1973. [PMID: 37514159 PMCID: PMC10383801 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite several novel and innovative approaches, clinical translation of oral insulin delivery into commercially viable treatment is still challenging due to its poor absorption and rapid degradation in GIT. Thus, an insulin-SDS hydrophobic ion pair loaded self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) was formulated to exploit the hypoglycemic effects of orally delivered insulin. Insulin was initially hydrophobically ion paired with sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) to enhance its lipophilicity. The successful complexation of Insulin-SDS was confirmed by FTIR and surface morphology was evaluated using SEM. Stability of insulin after its release from HIP complex was evaluated using SDS PAGE. Subsequently, Ins-SDS loaded SMEDDS was optimized using two factorial designs. In vitro stability of insulin entrapped in optimized SMEDDS against proteolytic degradation was also assessed. Further, antidiabetic activity of optimized Ins-SDS loaded SMEDDS was evaluated in diabetic rats. Insulin complexed with SDS at 6:1 (SDS/insulin) molar ratio with almost five-fold increased lipophilicity. The SMEDDS was optimized at 10% Labraphil M2125 CS, 70% Cremophore EL, and 20% Transcutol HP with better proteolytic stability and oral antidiabetic activity. An Ins-SDS loaded SMEDDS was successfully optimized. Compared with insulin and Ins-SDS complex, the optimized SMEDDS displayed considerable resistance to GI enzymes. Thus, the SMEDDS showed potential for effective delivery of macromolecular drugs with improved oral bioavailability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jahanzeb Mudassir
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Afsheen Raza
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Mahtab Ahmad Khan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab (UCP), Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Huma Hameed
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab (UCP), Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Gamal A Shazly
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Irfan
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Jafar Rana
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Khizar Abbas
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | | | - Sajjad Muhammad
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstrasse-5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yousef A Bin Jardan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bolko Seljak K, Sterle Zorec B, Gosenca Matjaž M. Nanocellulose-Based Film-Forming Hydrogels for Improved Outcomes in Atopic Skin. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1918. [PMID: 37514104 PMCID: PMC10384567 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by impaired skin barrier function. Amongst the various dermal formulations that are being used and/or investigated for AD treatment, one of the advanced approaches is the use of hydrogels as film-forming systems that are applied directly to the skin and have the added value of providing a physical barrier, which is lacking in atopic skin. Novel film-forming hydrogels based on two different nanocrystalline celluloses (NCCs) in combination with one of two natural polymers (alginate or pectin) were developed for incorporation of betamethasone dipropionate (BDP). Initially, the low water solubility of BDP was resolved by prior dissolution in a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS). The mixture of Kolliphor® EL/Capryol® 90 in a ratio of 8/2 was chosen on the merit of its high BDP-saturated solubility and no BDP precipitation upon water dilution, enabling BDP to remain dissolved after incorporation into hydrogels. The solvent evaporation method was used to prepare the films, and their high water retention capacity was confirmed in vitro on artificial membranes and pig ear skin. The presented results thus confirm NCC-based film-forming hydrogels as a very promising drug delivery system for AD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Bolko Seljak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Sterle Zorec
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mirjam Gosenca Matjaž
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zheng Y, Zhao C, Chen B, Teng H, Ai C, Chen L. D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate-based microemulsion delivery system: Stability enhancement of physicochemical properties of luteolin. Food Chem 2023; 426:136587. [PMID: 37364422 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, D-α-Tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate-based self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (TPGS-SMEDDS) were introduced to enhance the solubility and stability of luteolin. The ternary phase diagrams were constructed to obtain the maximum area of microemulsion and suitable formulations of TPGS-SMEDDS. The particle size distribution and polydispersity index of selected TPGS-SMEDDS were analyzed to be less than 100 nm and 0.4, respectively. The thermodynamic stability results suggested that the TPGS-SMEDDS was stable during the heat-cool and freeze-thaw cycle. Moreover, the TPGS-SMEDDS exhibited excellent encapsulation capacity (51.21 ± 4.39 to 85.71 ± 2.40%) and loading efficiency (61.46 ± 5.27 to 102.86 ± 2.88 mg/g) to luteolin. In addition, the TPGS-SMEDDS showed an admirable vitro release ability with a ratio of more than 88.40 ± 1.14% for luteolin in 24 h. Therefore, TPGS-based SMEDDS might provide an effective role for the oral administration of luteolin and holds promise as a potential delivery for poorly soluble bioactive compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yimei Zheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China; College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Chengang Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Boyu Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Hui Teng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Chao Ai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China; College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Muhammed SA, Al-Kinani KK. Formulation and in vitro evaluation of meloxicam as a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system. F1000Res 2023; 12:315. [PMID: 37359788 PMCID: PMC10285354 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.130749.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication meloxicam (MLX) belongs to the oxicam family and is used to reduce inflammation and pain. The aim of this study was to improve MLX's dispersibility and stability by producing it as a liquid self-microemulsifying drug delivery system since it is practically insoluble in water. Methods: Five different formulations were made by adjusting the amounts of propylene glycol, Transcutol P, Tween 80, and oleic acid oil and establishing a pseudo-ternary diagram in ratios of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, and 3:4, respectively. All of the prepared formulations were tested for a variety of properties, including thermodynamic stability, polydispersity index, particle size distributions, dilution resistance, drug contents, dispersibility, in vitro solubility of the drug, and emulsification time. Results: F5 was chosen as the optimal MLX liquid self-microemulsion due to its higher drug content (99.8%), greater in vitro release (100% at 40 min), smaller droplet size (63 nm), lower polydispersity index (PDI) value (0.3), and higher stability (a zeta potential of -81 mV). Conclusions: According to the data provided here, the self-microemulsifying drug delivery system is the most practical method for improving the dispersibility and stability of MLX.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saja Abdulkareem Muhammed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Baghdad Governorate, Iraq
| | - Khalid Kadhem Al-Kinani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Baghdad Governorate, Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Scheller L, Bachmann S, Zorn T, Hanio S, Gbureck U, Fatouros D, Pöppler AC, Meinel L. Solid microemulsion preconcentrates on pH responsive metal-organic framework for tableting. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 186:105-111. [PMID: 36963469 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Poorly water-soluble drugs are frequently formulated with lipid-based formulations including microemulsions and their preconcentrates. We detailed the solidification of drug-loaded microemulsion preconcentrates with the acid-sensitive metal-organic framework ZIF-8 by X-ray powder diffraction and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Adsorption and desorption dynamics were analyzed by fluorescence measurement, high-performance liquid chromatography, dynamic light scattering and 1H-DOSY experiments using the model compounds Nile Red, Vitamin K1, and Lumefantrine. Preconcentrates and drugs were successfully loaded onto ZIF-8 while preserving its crystal structure. The solid powder was pressable to tablets or 3D-printed into oral dosage forms. At low pH, colloidal solutions readily formed, solubilizing the poorly water-soluble compounds. The use of stimuli-responsive metal organic frameworks as carriers for the oral delivery of lipid-based formulations points towards solid dosage forms readily forming colloidal microemulsions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Scheller
- Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Bachmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Theresa Zorn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Simon Hanio
- Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Gbureck
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Wuerzburg, Pleicherwall, 2, DE-97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Fatouros
- School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ann-Christin Pöppler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Lorenz Meinel
- Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Wuerzburg, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Josef-Schneider-Strasse, 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Parmar T, Kadu P, Kale P. Critical Strategies for Drug Precipitation Inhibition: A Review with the Focus on Poorly Soluble Drugs. Curr Drug Deliv 2023; 20:497-507. [PMID: 35490319 DOI: 10.2174/1567201819666220427123101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An oral route for drug administration is a more suitable route because of its ease of administration, pain avoidance, patient compliance, accommodation of various types of drug molecules, etc. But there are many factors affecting the oral absorption of the drugs. The main factor associated with oral absorption is drug solubility. Many new chemical molecules are poorly soluble in nature and can be included in BCS classes II and IV. For the administration of these drugs through the oral route, it was found that solubility is the rate limiting step. The low solubility of these drugs tends to cause precipitation in the gastrointestinaltract (GIT), affecting their bioavailability. Drug precipitation may be triggered by many factors such as insolubility of the drug in co-solvent, drug-excipient interactions, physiochemical properties of the drug, sudden change in the pH of the environment, incompatibility with the surfactant, etc. Precipitation of a drug may occur in two stages, formation of nucleation and crystal growth. To overcome precipitation, there are many strategies such as the use of polymers, the addition of surfactants, modulating drug loading and solubilizing capacity, change in the pH of the environment, etc. In this review, the causes of precipitation and diverse strategies of precipitation inhibition are critically reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanvi Parmar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (west)-400056, Mumbai, India
| | - Pramod Kadu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (west)-400056, Mumbai, India
| | - Pravin Kale
- Department of Pharmacology, Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (west)-400056, Mumbai, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Patil MS, Shirkhedkar AA. Self-microemulsifying Drug Delivery System for Solubility and Bioavailability Enhancement of Eprosartan Mesylate: Preparation, In-vitro, and In-vivo Evaluation. Pharm Nanotechnol 2023; 11:56-69. [PMID: 36111774 DOI: 10.2174/2211738510666220915100150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Formulations of eprosartan mesylate with a surfactant, like Kolliphor HS 15, an oil phase like Labrafil M 1944 CS, and a cosurfactant Transcutol HP by employing a liquid self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) after screening several vehicles have been studied. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to prepare a liquid self-microemulsifying drug delivery system for increasing the solubility and bioavailability of a poorly water-soluble eprosartan mesylate. METHODS The micro-emulsion unit, achieved through the phase diagram and augmented with the central-composite design (CCD) surface response process, was adjusted into SMEDDS by lyophilization using sucrose as a cryoprotective agent. Particle size, self-emulsification time, polydispersion index (PDI), zeta potential, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) screening, in-vitro drug release, and in-vivo pharmacokinetics were the essential features of the formulations. The subsequent DSC experimentation indicated that the drug was integrated into S-SMEDDS. Eprosartan mesylate loaded SMEDDS formulation showed greater in-vitro and in-vivo drug release than conventional solid doses. RESULTS SMEDDS has reported effectiveness in reducing the impact of pH of eprosartan mesylate, thereby improving its release efficiency. The HPLC method was successfully implemented to assess eprosartan mesylate concentration in Wister rat plasma after oral administration of commercial tablet EM, SMEDDS, and eprosartan mesylate. The pharmacokinetics parameters for rats were Cmax 1064.91 ± 225 and 1856.22 ± 749 ngmL-1, Tmax 1.9 ± 0.3 hr, and 1.2 ± 0.4 hr and AUC0~t were 5314.36 ± 322.61 and 7760.09 ± 249 ng/ml hr for marketed tablets and prepared SSMEDDS, respectively. When determined by AUC0~1, the relative bioavailability of eprosartan mesylate S-SMEDDC was 152.09 ± 14.33%. CONCLUSION The present study reports the formulation of a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system for enhancing the solubility and bioavailability of a poorly water-soluble eprosartan mesylate in an appropriate solid dosage form.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Subhash Patil
- SES's R.C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur Dist. Dhule (MS) 425 405, India
| | - Atul Arunrao Shirkhedkar
- SES's R.C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur Dist. Dhule (MS) 425 405, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chhitij T, Seo JE, Keum T, Noh G, Bashyal S, Lamichhane S, Kim JH, Lee JH, Park JH, Choi J, Song SH, Lee S. Optimized self-microemulsifying drug delivery system improves the oral bioavailability and brain delivery of coenzyme Q 10. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:2330-2342. [PMID: 35850616 PMCID: PMC9848412 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2100515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Our study aimed to develop a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system for the poorly aqueous-soluble drug Coenzyme Q10, to improve the dissolution and the oral bioavailability. Excipients were selected based on their Coenzyme Q10 solubility, and their concentrations were set for the optimization of the microemulsion by using a D-optimal mixture design to achieve a minimum droplet size and a maximum solubility of Coenzyme Q10 within 15 min. The optimized formulation was composed of an oil (omega-3; 38.55%), a co-surfactant (Lauroglycol® 90; 31.42%), and a surfactant (Gelucire® 44/14; 30%) and exhibited a mean droplet size of 237.6 ± 5.8 nm and a drug solubilization (at 15 min) of 16 ± 2.48%. The drug dissolution of the optimized formulation conducted over 8 h in phosphate buffer medium (pH 6.8) was significantly higher when compared to that of the Coenzyme Q10 suspension. A pharmacokinetic study in rats revealed a 4.5-fold and a 4.1-fold increase in the area under curve and the peak plasma concentration values generated by the optimized formulation respectively, as compared to the Coenzyme Q10 suspension. A Coenzyme Q10 brain distribution study revealed a higher Coenzyme Q10 distribution in the brains of rats treated with the optimized formulation than the Coenzyme Q10 suspension. Coenzyme Q10-loaded self microemulsifying drug delivery system was successfully formulated and optimized by a response surface methodology based on a D-optimal mixture design and could be used as a delivery vehicle for the enhancement of the oral bioavailability and brain distribution of poorly soluble drugs such as Coenzyme Q10.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thapa Chhitij
- Center for Forensic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jo-Eun Seo
- Center for Forensic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Taekwang Keum
- Center for Forensic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyubin Noh
- Center for Forensic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Santosh Bashyal
- Center for Forensic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea,Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Shrawani Lamichhane
- Center for Forensic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Kim
- Center for Forensic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Heon Lee
- Center for Forensic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Hun Park
- R&D Center, Korean Drug Co., Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewoong Choi
- Center for Forensic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea,R&D Center, Korean Drug Co., Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hyun Song
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, Busan, 48434, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkil Lee
- Center for Forensic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea,Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA,CONTACT Sangkil Lee Center for Forensic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu42601, Republic of Korea, Tel: +82-53-580-6655, FAX: +82-53-580-5164
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sharma S, Kanugo A, Kaur T, Chaudhary D. Formulation and Characterization of Self-Microemulsifying Drug Delivery System ( SMEDDS) of Sertraline Hydrochloride. Recent Pat Nanotechnol 2022; 18:NANOTEC-EPUB-124754. [PMID: 35747954 DOI: 10.2174/1872210516666220623152440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sertraline hydrochloride is the most widely used selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) for the treatment of several depressive disorders. Its applicability is limited due to extensive metabolism and poor oral bioavailability of 44 %. OBJECTIVE The current research focused on improving the solubility and oral bioavailability of Sertraline by using microemulsions developed by a self-micro emulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) for significant antidepressant action. METHOD SMEDDS were developed by selecting appropriate proportions of oil, surfactant, and co-solvents and out of them isopropyl myristate, tween 80 and propylene glycol were identified as best. The emulsification zone was demonstrated by a ternary phase diagram, and compatibility was confirmed with Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The formulated SMEDDS were characterized for robustness to dilution, globule size (GS), polydispersity index (PDI), viscosity, in-vitro dissolution and diffusion study, and drug release kinetics study. RESULTS All the batches (A1-A9) passes the test and A3 was selected as an optimized batch that doesn't show phase separation, precipitation with globule size (101 nm), PDI (0.319), drug content (99.14±0.35 %), viscosity (10.71±0.02 mPa), self-emulsification time (46 sec), in-vitro drug release (98.25±0.22 %) within 8 h, release kinetics (Higuchi) and effective antidepressant in in-vitro diffusion studies. CONCLUSION An optimized batch A3 observed circular in shape estimated by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and passes all the thermodynamic stability testing with loss of 0.271 mg of the drug after 90 days and showed marked antidepressant action with higher stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Sharma
- SVKM NMIMS School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Shirpur, Dhule, India-425405
| | - Abhishek Kanugo
- SVKM NMIMS School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Shirpur, Dhule, India-425405
| | - Tejvir Kaur
- Department of Pharmacy, Government Medical College, Patiala, Punjab-147001
| | - Deepak Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Liao H, Ye J, Gao Y, Lian C, Liu L, Xu X, Feng Y, Yang Y, Yang Y, Shen Q, Gao L, Liu Z, Liu Y. Baicalein self-microemulsion based on drug-phospholipid complex for the alleviation of cytokine storm. Bioeng Transl Med 2022; 8:e10357. [PMID: 36684101 PMCID: PMC9842031 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokine storm is a phenomenon whereby the overreaction of the human immune system leads to the release of inflammatory cytokines, which can lead to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. At present, the existing drugs for the treatment of cytokine storm have limited efficacy and severe adverse effects. Here, we report a lymphatic targeting self-microemulsifying drug delivery system containing baicalein to effectively inhibit cytokine storm. Baicalein self-microemulsion with phospholipid complex as an intermediate carrier (BAPC-SME) prepared in this study could be spontaneously emulsified to form 12-nm oil-in-water nanoemulsion after administration. And then BAPC-SME underwent uptake by enterocyte through endocytosis mediated by lipid valve and clathrin, and had obvious characteristics of mesenteric lymph node targeting distribution. Oral administration of BAPC-SME could significantly inhibit the increase in plasma levels of 14 cytokines: TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ, MCP-1, IL-17A, IL-27, IL-1α, GM-CSF, MIG, IFN-β, IL-12, MIP-3α, IL-23, and RANTES in mice experiencing systemic cytokine storm. BAPC-SME could also significantly improve the pathological injury and inflammatory cell infiltration of lung tissue in mice experiencing local cytokine storm. This study does not only provide a new lymphatic targeted drug delivery strategy for the treatment of cytokine storm but also has great practical significance for the clinical development of baicalein self-microemulsion therapies for cytokine storm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hengfeng Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina,Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Jun Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina,Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yue Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina,Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Chunfang Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina,Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Lu Liu
- Research and Development DepartmentBeijing Wehand‐Bio Pharmaceutical Co. LtdBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina,Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yu Feng
- Research and Development DepartmentBeijing Wehand‐Bio Pharmaceutical Co. LtdBeijingChina
| | - Yanfang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina,Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yuqi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina,Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Qiqi Shen
- Research and Development DepartmentBeijing Wehand‐Bio Pharmaceutical Co. LtdBeijingChina
| | - Lili Gao
- Research and Development DepartmentBeijing Wehand‐Bio Pharmaceutical Co. LtdBeijingChina
| | - Zhihua Liu
- Research and Development DepartmentBeijing Wehand‐Bio Pharmaceutical Co. LtdBeijingChina
| | - Yuling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina,Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nouraei M, Collymore C, Diosady L, Acosta E. HLD-NAC design and evaluation of a fully dilutable lecithin-linker SMEDDS for ibuprofen. Int J Pharm 2021; 610:121237. [PMID: 34718090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lecithin-linker microemulsions have been previously proposed as a platform for designing a fully dilutable self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS). This SMEDDS formulation, composed of ethyl caprate (oil), lecithin (Le), glycerol monooleate (lipophilic linker, LL) and polyglycerol caprylate (hydrophilic linker, HL), produced a ternary phase diagram (TPD) that had a fully dilutable path suitable for oral drug delivery. However, introducing ibuprofen as an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) resulted in TPD phase boundaries that eliminated the fully dilutable path. The purpose of this work was to understand the origin of the changes in the TPD, use that understanding to restore the fully dilutable path with an ibuprofen-loaded SMEDDS, and finally to evaluate the absorption of ibuprofen in vivo. The effect of ibuprofen on the HLD (hydrophilic-lipophilic difference, interpreted as normalized net interfacial curvature) of the system was evaluated via a polar oil model, showing that ibuprofen played a surfactant-like role, having a characteristic curvature (Cc) value of +5 (highly hydrophobic). The net-average curvature (NAC) framework used the HLD calculated with Le, LL, HL and ibuprofen Cc to generate TPDs in ibuprofen lecithin-linker systems. The HLD-NAC simulations show that restoring full dilutability required a highly hydrophilic linker (HL-) with a Cc of -5 or more negative. The fully dilutable path was restored after introducing a hexaglycerol caprylate as HL- (Cc = -6). Plasma concentration profiles obtained with this ibuprofen-loaded SMEDDS showed a more than three-fold increase in the area under the curve (AUC) of rat plasma concentration profiles compared to the same 25 mg/kg ibuprofen dose in suspension.
Collapse
|
18
|
Grilc NK, Sova M, Kristl J. Drug Delivery Strategies for Curcumin and Other Natural Nrf2 Modulators of Oxidative Stress-Related Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:2137. [PMID: 34959418 PMCID: PMC8708625 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is associated with a wide range of diseases characterised by oxidant-mediated disturbances of various signalling pathways and cellular damage. The only effective strategy for the prevention of cellular damage is to limit the production of oxidants and support their efficient removal. The implication of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway in the cellular redox status has spurred new interest in the use of its natural modulators (e.g., curcumin, resveratrol). Unfortunately, most natural Nrf2 modulators are poorly soluble and show extensive pre-systemic metabolism, low oral bioavailability, and rapid elimination, which necessitates formulation strategies to circumvent these limitations. This paper provides a brief introduction on the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in Nrf2 modulation and an overview of commonly studied formulations for the improvement of oral bioavailability and in vivo pharmacokinetics of Nrf2 modulators. Some formulations that have also been studied in vivo are discussed, including solid dispersions, self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems, and nanotechnology approaches, such as polymeric and solid lipid nanoparticles, nanocrystals, and micelles. Lastly, brief considerations of nano drug delivery systems for the delivery of Nrf2 modulators to the brain, are provided. The literature reviewed shows that the formulations discussed can provide various improvements to the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of natural Nrf2 modulators. This has been demonstrated in animal models and clinical studies, thereby increasing the potential for the translation of natural Nrf2 modulators into clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Katarina Grilc
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Matej Sova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Julijana Kristl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Barber BW, Dumont C, Caisse P, Simon GP, Boyd BJ. A 3D-Printed Polymer-Lipid-Hybrid Tablet towards the Development of Bespoke SMEDDS Formulations. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122107. [PMID: 34959390 PMCID: PMC8707116 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
3D printing is a rapidly growing area of interest within pharmaceutical science thanks to its versatility in creating different dose form geometries and drug doses to enable the personalisation of medicines. Research in this area has been dominated by polymer-based materials; however, for poorly water-soluble lipophilic drugs, lipid formulations present advantages in improving bioavailability. This study progresses the area of 3D-printed solid lipid formulations by providing a 3D-printed dissolvable polymer scaffold to compartmentalise solid lipid formulations within a single dosage form. This allows the versatility of different drugs in different lipid formulations, loaded into different compartments to generate wide versatility in drug release, and specific control over release geometry to tune release rates. Application to a range of drug molecules was demonstrated by incorporating the model lipophilic drugs; halofantrine, lumefantrine and clofazimine into the multicompartmental scaffolded tablets. Fenofibrate was used as the model drug in the single compartment scaffolded tablets for comparison with previous studies. The formulation-laden scaffolds were characterised using X-ray CT and dispersion of the formulation was studied using nephelometry, while release of a range of poorly water-soluble drugs into different gastrointestinal media was studied using HPLC. The studies show that dispersion and drug release are predictably dependent on the exposed surface area-to-volume ratio (SA:V) and independent of the drug. At the extremes of SA:V studied here, within 20 min of dissolution time, formulations with an SA:V of 0.8 had dispersed to between 90 and 110%, and completely released the drug, where as an SA:V of 0 yielded 0% dispersion and drug release. Therefore, this study presents opportunities to develop new dose forms with advantages in a polypharmacy context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryce W. Barber
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, Melbourne 3052, Australia;
| | - Camille Dumont
- Gattefossé SAS, 36 Chemin de Genas, CEDEX, 69804 Saint-Priest, France; (C.D.); (P.C.)
| | - Philippe Caisse
- Gattefossé SAS, 36 Chemin de Genas, CEDEX, 69804 Saint-Priest, France; (C.D.); (P.C.)
| | - George P. Simon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne 3800, Australia;
| | - Ben J. Boyd
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, Melbourne 3052, Australia;
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dhaval M, Vaghela P, Patel K, Sojitra K, Patel M, Patel S, Dudhat K, Shah S, Manek R, Parmar R. Lipid-based emulsion drug delivery systems - a comprehensive review. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 12:1616-1639. [PMID: 34609731 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01071-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Lipid-based emulsion system - a subcategory of emulsion technology, has emerged as an enticing option to improve the solubility of the steadily rising water-insoluble candidates. Along with enhancing solubility, additional advantages such as improvement in permeability, protection against pre-systemic metabolism, ease of manufacturing, and easy to scale-up have made lipid-based emulsion technology very popular among academicians and manufacturers. The present article provides a comprehensive review regarding various critical properties of lipid-based emulsion systems, such as microemulsion, nanoemulsion, SMEDDS (self microemulsifying drug delivery system), and SNEDDS (self nanoemulsifying drug delivery system). The present article also explains in detail the similarities and differences between them, the stabilization mechanism, methods of preparation, excipients used to prepare them, and evaluation techniques. Subtle differences between nearly related terminologies such as microemulsion and nanoemulsion, SMEDDS, and SNEDDS are also explained in detail to clarify the basic differences. The present article also gives in-depth information regarding the chemical structure of various lipidic excipients, various possible chemical modifications to modify their inherent properties, and their regulatory status for rational selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mori Dhaval
- B.K. Mody Government Pharmacy College, Polytechnic Campus, Near Ajidam, Rajkot, Gujarat, India.
| | - Poonam Vaghela
- B.K. Mody Government Pharmacy College, Polytechnic Campus, Near Ajidam, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Kajal Patel
- B.K. Mody Government Pharmacy College, Polytechnic Campus, Near Ajidam, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Keshvi Sojitra
- B.K. Mody Government Pharmacy College, Polytechnic Campus, Near Ajidam, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Mohini Patel
- B.K. Mody Government Pharmacy College, Polytechnic Campus, Near Ajidam, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Sushma Patel
- B.K. Mody Government Pharmacy College, Polytechnic Campus, Near Ajidam, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Kiran Dudhat
- K. V. Virani Institute of Pharmacy and Research Centre, Badhada, Gujarat, India
| | - Sunny Shah
- B.K. Mody Government Pharmacy College, Polytechnic Campus, Near Ajidam, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Ravi Manek
- B.K. Mody Government Pharmacy College, Polytechnic Campus, Near Ajidam, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Ramesh Parmar
- B.K. Mody Government Pharmacy College, Polytechnic Campus, Near Ajidam, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Aloisio C, Shah AV, Longhi M, Serajuddin ATM. Development of self-microemulsifying lipid-based formulations of trans-resveratrol by systematically constructing lipid-surfactant-water phase diagrams using long-chain lipids. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2021; 47:897-907. [PMID: 34033503 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2021.1934866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to develop self-microemulsifying lipid-based formulations of trans-resveratrol in cod liver oil, a long chain lipid, to increase its solubility, dissolution rate and oral bioavailability. Ternary phase diagrams of cod liver oil with surfactant and water as well as pseudo-ternary phase diagrams of the same by mixing cod liver oil (triglyceride) with glycerol monooleate (monoglyeride) were constructed to identify regions where microemulsions were formed. Kolliphor RH 40, Tween 80 and their 1:1-mixtures were evaluated as surfactants. No organic cosolvents were added. It was observed that cod liver oil alone did not form microemulsion with any of the surfactants used, and a 1:1 mixture of cod liver oil and glycerol monooleate was necessary to enable the formation of microemulsion. Among the surfactants, Kolliphor RH 40 provided the maximum microemulsification effect. Several formulations containing 6:4, 1:1, and 4:6 w/w ratios of lipid to surfactant using the 1:1 mixture of cod liver oil and glycerol monooleate as lipid components and Kolliphor RH 40 or its mixture with Tween 80 as surfactants were identified, and trans-resveratrol solubility in these formulations were determined. Drug concentrations used in the formulations were 80% of saturation solubility, and no organic cosolvents were used in any formulations to increase drug solubility or enable emulsification. In vitro dispersion testing in 250 mL of 0.01 N HCl (pH 2) according to the USP method 2 at 50 RPM showed that the formulations rapidly dispersed in aqueous media forming microemulsions and there was no drug precipitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Aloisio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA.,Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), CONICET and Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ankita V Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA.,Freund-Vector Corporation, Marion, IA, USA
| | - Marcela Longhi
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), CONICET and Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Abu T M Serajuddin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mandić J, Kosmač I, Kovačević M, Hodnik B, Hodnik Ž, Vrečer F, Gašperlin M, Perissutti B, Zvonar Pobirk A. Evaluation of solid carvedilol-loaded SMEDDS produced by the spray drying method and a study of related substances. Int J Pharm 2021; 605:120783. [PMID: 34111547 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, various formulations of solidified carvedilol-loaded SMEDDS with high SMEDDS loading (up to 67% w/w) were produced with the spray drying process using various porous silica-based carriers. The process yield was improved with higher atomization gas flow rate during the spray drying process and with prolonged mixing time of dispersion of liquid SMEDDS and solid porous carriers prior to the spray drying process. Depending on the choice of the carrier and the SMEDDS:carrier ratio in solid SMEDDS, different drug loading, self-microemulsifying properties, drug release rates, and released drug fractions were obtained. The products exhibited fast drug release due to preserved self-microemulsifying properties and the absence of crystalline carvedilol, which was confirmed with XRD and Raman mapping. A decrease in drug content during the stability study was observed and investigated. This was at least partially attributed to the chemical degradation of the drug. Key degradation products determined by the LC-MS method were amides formed by in situ reaction of carvedilol with fatty acids present in the oily phase of SMEDDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Mandić
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Krka, d.d, Novo mesto, Šmarješka cesta 6, 8000 Novo mesto, Slovenia
| | - I Kosmač
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Krka, d.d, Novo mesto, Šmarješka cesta 6, 8000 Novo mesto, Slovenia
| | - M Kovačević
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - B Hodnik
- Krka, d.d, Novo mesto, Šmarješka cesta 6, 8000 Novo mesto, Slovenia
| | - Ž Hodnik
- Krka, d.d, Novo mesto, Šmarješka cesta 6, 8000 Novo mesto, Slovenia
| | - F Vrečer
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Krka, d.d, Novo mesto, Šmarješka cesta 6, 8000 Novo mesto, Slovenia
| | - M Gašperlin
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - B Perissutti
- University of Trieste, Dept. of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, P.le Europa 1, Trieste, Italy
| | - A Zvonar Pobirk
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zech J, Dzikowski R, Simantov K, Golenser J, Mäder K. Transdermal delivery of artemisinins for treatment of pre-clinical cerebral malaria. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2021; 16:148-154. [PMID: 34116478 PMCID: PMC8203570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery avoids complications related to oral or parenteral delivery - the need for sterility, contamination, gastrointestinal side effects, patient unconsciousness or nausea and compliance. For malaria treatment, we demonstrate successful novel transdermal delivery of artemisone (ART) and artesunate. The incorporation of ART into a microemulsion (ME) overcomes the limitations of the lipophilic drug and provides high transcutaneous bioavailability. ART delivery to the blood (above 500 ng/ml) was proved by examining the sera from treated mice, using a bioassay in cultured Plasmodium falciparum. Skin spraying of ART-ME eliminated P. berghei ANKA in an infected mouse model of cerebral malaria (CM) and prevented CM, even after a late treatment with a relatively small amount of ART (13.3 mg/kg). For comparison, the artesunate (the most used commercial artemisinin) formulation was prepared as ART. However, ART-ME was about three times more efficient than artesunate-ME. The solubility and stability of ART in the ME, taken together with the successful transdermal delivery leading to animal recovery, suggest this formulation as a potential candidate for transdermal treatment of malaria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Zech
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ron Dzikowski
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Kuvin Centre for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Karina Simantov
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Kuvin Centre for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Jacob Golenser
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Kuvin Centre for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel.
| | - Karsten Mäder
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Koehl NJ, Henze LJ, Bennett-Lenane H, Faisal W, Price DJ, Holm R, Kuentz M, Griffin BT. In Silico, In Vitro, and In Vivo Evaluation of Precipitation Inhibitors in Supersaturated Lipid-Based Formulations of Venetoclax. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:2174-2188. [PMID: 33890794 PMCID: PMC8289286 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The concept of using
precipitation inhibitors (PIs) to sustain
supersaturation is well established for amorphous formulations but
less in the case of lipid-based formulations (LBF). This study applied
a systematic in silico–in vitro–in vivo approach to assess the merits of
incorporating PIs in supersaturated LBFs (sLBF) using the model drug
venetoclax. sLBFs containing hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC),
hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS), polyvinylpyrrolidone
(PVP), PVP-co-vinyl acetate (PVP/VA), Pluronic F108,
and Eudragit EPO were assessed in silico calculating
a drug–excipient mixing enthalpy, in vitro using a PI solvent shift test, and finally, bioavailability was
assessed in vivo in landrace pigs. The estimation
of pure interaction enthalpies of the drug and the excipient was deemed
useful in determining the most promising PIs for venetoclax. The sLBF
alone (i.e., no PI present) displayed a high initial drug concentration
in the aqueous phase during in vitro screening. sLBF
with Pluronic F108 displayed the highest venetoclax concentration
in the aqueous phase and sLBF with Eudragit EPO the lowest. In vivo, the sLBF alone showed the highest bioavailability
of 26.3 ± 14.2%. Interestingly, a trend toward a decreasing bioavailability
was observed for sLBF containing PIs, with PVP/VA being significantly
lower compared to sLBF alone. In conclusion, the ability of a sLBF
to generate supersaturated concentrations of venetoclax in
vitro was translated into increased absorption in
vivo. While in silico and in vitro PI screening suggested benefits in terms of prolonged supersaturation,
the addition of a PI did not increase in vivo bioavailability.
The findings of this study are of particular relevance to pre-clinical
drug development, where the high in vivo exposure
of venetoclax was achieved using a sLBF approach, and despite the
perceived risk of drug precipitation from a sLBF, including a PI may
not be merited in all cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas J Koehl
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, College Road, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland.,Drug Product Development, Janssen Research and Development, Johnson & Johnson, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Laura J Henze
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, College Road, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland.,Analytical Development, Janssen Research and Development, Johnson & Johnson, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Waleed Faisal
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, College Road, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Daniel J Price
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany.,Institution of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60439 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - René Holm
- Drug Product Development, Janssen Research and Development, Johnson & Johnson, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium.,Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.,Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Martin Kuentz
- Institute of Pharma Technology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Hofackerstrasse 30, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Brendan T Griffin
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, College Road, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Xia F, Chen Z, Zhu Q, Qi J, Dong X, Zhao W, Wu W, Lu Y. Gastrointestinal lipolysis and trans-epithelial transport of SMEDDS via oral route. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1010-1020. [PMID: 33996413 PMCID: PMC8105768 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDSs) have recently returned to the limelight of academia and industry due to their enormous potential in oral delivery of biomacromolecules. However, information on gastrointestinal lipolysis and trans-epithelial transport of SMEDDS is rare. Aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) fluorescent probes are utilized to visualize the in vivo behaviors of SMEDDSs, because the released probes during lipolysis are quenched upon contacting water. Two SMEDDSs composed of medium chain triglyceride and different ratios of Tween-80 and PEG-400 are set as models, meanwhile Neoral® was used as a control. The SMEDDS droplets reside in the digestive tract for as long as 24 h and obey first order kinetic law of lipolysis. The increased chain length of the triglyceride decreases the lipolysis of the SMEDDSs. Ex vivo imaging of main tissues and histological examination confirm the trans-epithelial transportation of the SMEDDS droplets. Approximately 2%-4% of the given SMEDDSs are transported via the lymph route following epithelial uptake, while liver is the main termination. Caco-2 cell lines confirm the cellular uptake and trans-epithelial transport. In conclusion, a fraction of SMEDDSs can survive the lipolysis in the gastrointestinal tract, permeate across the epithelia, translocate via the lymph, and accumulate mainly in the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Quangang Zhu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Jianping Qi
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaochun Dong
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Weili Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Komesli Y, Ergur BU, Karasulu E. Comparison of pharmacodynamics and celiac effects of olmesartan medoxomil formulations by using olmesartan-induced celiac-rat-model. Curr Drug Deliv 2021; 18:1515-1525. [PMID: 34225629 DOI: 10.2174/1567201818666210322144631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Olmesartan Medoxomil (OM) is an angiotensin receptor blocker and has the adverse effect of celiac like enteropathy which was accepted by the FDA in 2013. This disease is characterized by severe diarrhea, weight loss and enteropathy. Although there are many case reports associated with olmesartan-related enteropathy in humans, it has not been described in a long-term animal model study so far. We developed a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (OM-SMEDDS) in our previous study to reduce this side effect of drug and to enhance bioavailability. In this study, an artificial hypertension model was established with dose of 185 µmol /kg L-NAME (N ω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester) twice in a day intraperitoneally in Wistar albino rats. To determine and compare side effects, the OM-Suspension and OM-SMEDDS were administered at 1.3 mg/kg therapeutic dose during one-month period to the rats. Tension of rats was recorded by measuring from their tails with non invasive blood pressure system. We observed celiac like enteropathy findings like villous atrophy and intraepithelial lymphocytosis and clinical changes like weight loss and severe diarrhea after the treatment with OM-Suspension during one-month experiment. It was also observed that the antihypertensive efficacy of the OM-SMEDDS formulation was higher than the suspension during the experiment and did not cause enteropathy, diarrhea and weight loss by reducing intestinal exposure. Hereby we evaluated the side effects of two different pharmaceutical forms by designing a sustainable and reproducible celiac rat model that can be induced with olmesartan medoxomil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yelda Komesli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Altinbas University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bekir Ugur Ergur
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ercument Karasulu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zech J, Salaymeh N, Hunt NH, Mäder K, Golenser J. Efficient Treatment of Experimental Cerebral Malaria by an Artemisone- SMEDDS System: Impact of Application Route and Dosing Frequency. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 65:e02106-20. [PMID: 33558284 PMCID: PMC8097435 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02106-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Artemisone (ART) has been successfully tested in vitro and in animal models against several diseases. However, its poor aqueous solubility and limited chemical stability are serious challenges. We developed a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) that overcomes these limitations. Here, we demonstrate the efficacy of this formulation against experimental cerebral malaria in mice and the impact of its administration using different routes (gavage, intranasal delivery, and parenteral injections) and frequency on the efficacy of the treatment. The minimal effective daily oral dose was 20 mg/kg. We found that splitting a dose of 20 mg/kg ART given every 24 h, by administering two doses of 10 mg/kg each every 12 h, was highly effective and gave far superior results compared to 20 mg/kg once daily. We obtained the best results with nasal treatment; oral treatment was ranked second, and the least effective route of administration was intraperitoneal injection. A complete cure of experimental cerebral malaria could be achieved through choosing the optimal route of application, dose, and dosing interval. Altogether, the developed formulation combines easy manufacturing with high stability and could be a successful and very versatile carrier for the delivery of ART in the treatment of human severe malaria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Zech
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Nadeen Salaymeh
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Kuvin Centre for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nicholas H Hunt
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Karsten Mäder
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jacob Golenser
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Kuvin Centre for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Singh D, Tiwary AK, Kang TS, Bedi N. Polymeric Precipitation Inhibitor Based Supersaturable Self-microemulsifying Drug Delivery System of Canagliflozin: Optimization and Evaluation. Curr Drug Deliv 2021; 18:1352-1367. [PMID: 33596805 DOI: 10.2174/1567201818666210217155909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present investigation attempts to optimize Supersaturable lipid based formulation (SS SMEDDS) of Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) class IV drug canagliflozin (CFZ) and evaluating the oral bioavailability of the formulation. METHODS Preliminary screening revealed Poloxamer 188 to most effectively inhibit precipitation of CFZ after dispersion during in vitro supersaturation studies. Box Behnken Design was employed for designing different formulations and various statistical analysis were done out to select an appropriate mathematical model. The optimized formulation (OSS 1) was evaluated for in vitro drug release and ex vivo permeation studies to evaluate drug release and permeation rate. Pharmacokinetic studies have been done according to standard methodologies. RESULTS The optimized formulation (OSS 1) containing 781.1 mg SS SMEDDS and 2.24 % w/w Poloxamer 188 was developed at a temperature of 60°C which revealed nano-globule size with negligible aggregation. Isothermal titration calorimetry revealed the thermodynamic state of formed microemulsion with negative ∆G. The optimized formulation was observed to possess physical stability under different stress conditions and acceptable drug content.. In vitro dissolution of optimized SS SMEDDS revealed higher dissolution rate of CFZ as compared with native forms of CFZ. The permeability of CFZ from optimized SS SMEDDS across various excised segments of rat intestine was observed to be multifold higher that manifested in 2.05-fold higher Cmax and 5.64-fold higher AUC0-36h following oral administration to Wistar rats. CONCLUSION The results could be attributed to substantial lymphatic uptake and P-glycoprotein substrate affinity of CFZ in SS SMEDDS investigated through chylomicron and P-glycoprotein inhibition approach, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dilpreet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab. India.,Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India-142001
| | - Ashok K Tiwary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India-147002
| | - Tejwant Singh Kang
- Department of Chemistry, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India-143005
| | - Neena Bedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab. India
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Li Y, Zhang T, Huai J, Cheng C, Xie L, Wang S, Dai R. Pharmacokinetic study of three different formulations of l-tetrahydropalmatine in brain tissues of rats. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 35:e5066. [PMID: 33452741 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
l-Tetrahydropalmatine (l-THP), an active alkaloid compound isolated from Rhizoma Corydalis-yanhusuo, has been reported to possess biological activity for treating cocaine use. To enhance both oral bioavailability and brain penetration, three formulations of l-THP suspension, mixture of l-THP-puerarin and self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) were prepared. A sensitive and reliable ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of l-THP and its active metabolite l-isocorypalmine (l-ICP) in rat brain. Diazepam was used as the internal standard. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a Bonshell ASB C18 column at 30°C using acetonitrile-aqueous formic acid as mobile phase in gradient mode. The linearity was validated over the concentration ranges of 4.00-2,500 ng/ml for l-THP and 0.400-500 ng/ml for l-ICP. Full method validation was within the acceptance limits. The method was successfully used to determine the pharmacokinetics of two analytes following oral administration of these three formulations to rats. A significant difference was observed in the main pharmacokinetic parameters between SMEDDS and the suspension, and a 3.25- and 2.97-fold increase in the relative bioavailability of l-THP and l-ICP, respectively, was observed with the SMEDDS compared with the suspension formulation. It was concluded that SMEDDS enhanced the absorption of l-THP and l-ICP and delayed their release in brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jiaxin Huai
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Congcong Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Linlin Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ronghua Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mahajan S, Singh D, Sharma R, Singh G, Bedi N. pH-Independent Dissolution and Enhanced Oral Bioavailability of Aripiprazole-Loaded Solid Self-microemulsifying Drug Delivery System. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:24. [PMID: 33400035 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01882-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study pursued the systematic development of a stable solid self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) of an atypical antipsychotic drug, aripiprazole (APZ), which exhibits poor aqueous solubility and undergoes extensive p-glycoprotein efflux and hepatic metabolism. Liquid SMEDDS excipients were selected on the basis of solubility studies, and the optimum ratio of surfactant/co-surfactant was determined using pseudo-ternary phase diagrams. The prepared formulations were subjected to in vitro characterization studies to facilitate the selection of optimum liquid SMEDD formulation containing 30% Labrafil® M 1944 CS, 46.7% Cremophor® EL and 23.3% PEG 400 which were further subjected to solidification using maltodextrin as a hydrophilic carrier. The optimized solid SMEDDS was extensively evaluated for stability under accelerated conditions, dissolution at various pH and pharmacokinetic profile. Solid-state attributes of the optimized solid SMEDDS indicated a marked reduction in crystallinity of APZ and uniform adsorption of liquid SMEDDS. Stability study of the solid SMEDDS demonstrated that the developed formulation retained its stability during the accelerated storage conditions. Both the optimized liquid and solid SMEDDS exhibited enhanced dissolution rate which was furthermore independent of the pH of the dissolution medium. Oral bioavailability studies in Sprague-Dawley rats confirmed quicker and greater extent of absorption with solid SMEDDS as evident from the significant reduction in Tmax in case of solid SMEDDS (0.83 ± 0.12 h) as compared with commercial tablet (3.33 ± 0.94 h). The results of the present investigation indicated the development of a stable solid SMEDDS formulation of APZ with enhanced dissolution and absorption attributes.
Collapse
|
31
|
Singh N, Rai S, Bhattacharya S. A Conceptual Analysis of Solid Self-emulsifying Drug Delivery System and its Associate Patents for the Treatment of Cancer. Recent Pat Nanotechnol 2021; 15:92-104. [PMID: 32912127 DOI: 10.2174/1872210514666200909155516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND About two-third of new drugs reveal low solubility in water due to which it becomes difficult for formulation scientists to develop oral solid dosage forms with a pharmaceutically acceptable range of therapeutic activity. In such cases, S-SMEEDS are the best carriers used universally for the delivery of hydrophobic drugs. SEDDS are also used but due to their limitations, SSMEDDS are used widely. These are the isotropic mixtures of oils, co-solvents, and surfactants. SSMEDDS are physically stable, easy to manufacture, easy to fill in gelatin capsules as well as improve the drug bioavailability by releasing the drug in the emulsion form into the gastrointestinal tract and enable smooth absorption of the drug through the intestinal lymphatic pathway. METHODS We conducted a literature search related to our review, also employing the peer-reviewed research, and provided a conceptual framework. Standard tools were used for drawing the figures of the paper, and various search engines were used for literature exploration. In this review article, the author has discussed the importance of S-SMEDDS, selection criteria for excipients, pseudo-ternary diagram, mechanism of action of S-SMEDDS, solidification techniques used for S-SMEDDS, Characterization of SEDDS and S-SMEDDS including Stability Evaluation of both and future prospects have been concluded through recent findings on S-SMEDDS in Cancer as well as a neoteric patent on S-SMEDDS. RESULTS Many research papers have been discussed in this review article, from which it was found that the ternary phase diagram is the most crucial part for developing the SMEDDS. From the various research findings, it was found that the excipient selection is the essential step which decides the strong therapeutic effect of the formulation. The significant outcome related to solid-SMEDDS is the less the globule size, the higher would be the bioavailability. The method in which adsorption of a solid carrier takes place is most widely used for the preparation of solid-SMEDDS. After reviewing many patents, it was observed that the solid-SMEDDS have a strong potential for targeting and treating different types of cancer due to their properties to enhance permeation and increase bioavailability. CONCLUSION S-SMEEDS are more acceptable pharmaceutically as compared to SEDDS due to their various advantages over SEDDS, such as stability issue is prevalent with SEDDS. A number of patent researchers have formulated S-SMEDDS of poorly soluble drugs and found S-SMEDDS as prospective for the delivery of hydrophobic drugs in the treatment of cancer. S-SMEEDS are increasingly grabbing attention, and the patentability on S-SMEDDS is unavoidable, which proves that S-SMEEDS are widely accepted carriers. These are used universally for the delivery of hydrophilic drugs and anticancer drugs as they release the drug to the gastrointestinal tract and enhance the systemic absorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Singh
- ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road (NH-95), Ghal Kalan, Moga, Punjab 142001, India
| | - Shweta Rai
- ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road (NH-95), Ghal Kalan, Moga, Punjab 142001, India
| | - Sankha Bhattacharya
- ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road (NH-95), Ghal Kalan, Moga, Punjab 142001, India
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Singh D, Sharma M, Tiwary AK, Bedi N. Evaluation of Bio-Mechanistic Behavior of Liquid Self-Microemulsifying Drug Delivery System in Biorelevant Media. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2020; 19:85-96. [PMID: 33270492 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2020.1023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study is to mechanistically investigate the drug loci, structural integrity, chemical interactions, and absorption behavior of the liquid self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS). The loci of drug molecules in self-forming microemulsions in biorelevant media (fasted state simulated gastric fluid and fed state simulated intestinal fluid) were investigated by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Chemical interactions were observed through attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy (ATR). The structural integrity of self-forming microemulsions in biorelevant media was determined by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Morphological features of self-forming microemulsion were determined by confocal laser scanning microscopy. In vitro, lipid digestion behavior was evaluated for particle size, zeta potential, free fatty acids (FFA), and drug released through standard protocols. In-house characterizations were determined through standard methodologies. 1H and 13C NMR revealed that drug loci were found in a majority in the oily core region in the self-forming microemulsion. The ATR signifies that no inherent chemical was observed in the liquid SMEDDS and drug-loaded self-microemulsions in the biorelevant media. Structural integrity was well maintained during the dispersive and digestive phases in the gastrointestinal lumen during lipolysis in biorelevant conditions, as revealed by SAXS and FRET. An in vitro digestion study in biorelevant conditions depicts no fluctuations in size and zeta potential with a predominant release of FFA and drug, and was to be revealed physiologically acceptable for clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dilpreet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Manisha Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Ashok K Tiwary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
| | - Neena Bedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Cao M, Zhan M, Wang Z, Wang Z, Li XM, Miao M. Development of an Orally Bioavailable Isoliquiritigenin Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System to Effectively Treat Ovalbumin-Induced Asthma. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:8945-8961. [PMID: 33223829 PMCID: PMC7671486 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s269982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Isoliquiritigenin (ILQ), an important component of Anti-Asthma Herbal Medicine Intervention (ASHMI), had shown potent anti-asthma effect in vitro in our previous study. However, poor solubility and low bioavailability hindered in vivo application to treat asthma. This study was to develop a novel ILQ loaded self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (ILQ-SMEDDS) with enhanced bioavailability. Methods The optimized SMEDDS formulation was composed of ethyl oleate (oil phase), Tween 80 (surfactant) and PEG400 (co-surfactant) at a mass ratio of 3:6:1. The physiochemical properties of ILQ-SMEDDS, including drug content, globule size, zeta potential, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, were characterized. And the in vitro release profile, in situ intestinal absorption, in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters and the anti-asthma effect of ILQ suspension and ILQ-SMEDDS were evaluated. Results The ILQ-SMEDDS had an average globule size of 20.63 ± 1.95 nm with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.11 ± 0.03, and its zeta potential was −12.64 ± 2.12 mV. The cumulative release rate of ILQ from ILQ-SMEDDS to the simulated gastrointestinal tract was significantly higher than that of free ILQ suspension. And area under curve with ILQ-SMEDDS was found to be 3.95 times higher than that of ILQ suspension indicating improved bioavailability by SMEDDS. Although ILQ-SMEDDS showed a slight less effective inhibitory effect on eotaxin-1 in human lung fibroblast (HFL-1) cells than free ILQ, in an ovalbumin-induced asthma model, ILQ-SMEDDS exhibited more efficacy than ILQ suspension in improving asthma-associated inflammation, including eosinophil production, ovalbumin-specific immunoglobulin E (OVA-sIgE), interleukin 4 (IL 4), interleukin 5 (IL 5) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). Even the low dose of ILQ-SMEDDS group (10 mg/kg) showed better anti-asthma effect than that of the ILQ suspension group (20 mg/kg). Conclusion Compared with ILQ suspension, ILQ-SMEDDS showed significantly improved bioavailability and anti-asthma effect, revealing its potential as a favorable pharmaceutical agent for treating asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhuo Cao
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450058, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengling Zhan
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450058, People's Republic of China.,College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450058, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450058, People's Republic of China.,College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450058, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeqian Wang
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450058, People's Republic of China.,College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Min Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Otolaryngology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Mingsan Miao
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450058, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Komesli Y, Yildirim Y, Karasulu E. Visualisation of real-time oral biodistribution of fluorescent labeled self-microemulsifying drug delivery system of olmesartan medoxomil using optical imaging method. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2020; 36:100365. [PMID: 33191089 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the biodistribution of self-microemulsifying drug delivery system of hydrophobic olmesartan medoxomil (OM-SMEDDS) was determined by labeling with a fluorescent dye VivoTag®680 XL and Xenolight® DiR. Labeled OM-SMEDDS and control dye solution administered orally to mice; real-time dynamic biodistributions over 7 h were determined by 2D-fluorescent imaging to verify their anatomic location. Fluorescent Emissions by Vivotag 680® XL and Xenolight® DiR labeled OM-SMEDDS emitted 2 to 24 times stronger emission than control dye administered group. To further confirm the results, organs were removed and examined using the same technique at the end of 7 h. VivoTag®680XL and Xenolight® DiR emitted 4 and 1.7 times stronger emission respectively than control dye administered mice in ex-vivo organ imaging studies. This study showed that OM-SMEDDS can be succesfully labeled with fluorescent dye and tracked with optical imaging method for the visualisation of biodistribution of drugs and is also useful for enhanced bioavailability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yelda Komesli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Altinbas University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Yeliz Yildirim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ercument Karasulu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Aswar M, Bhalekar M, Trimukhe A, Aswar U. Self-microemulsifying drug delivery system ( SMEDDS) of curcumin attenuates depression in olfactory bulbectomized rats. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04482. [PMID: 32817886 PMCID: PMC7424201 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Current therapies for depression remain limited and plagued by various side effects. Problems associated with curcumin administration include poor aqueous solubility and bioavailability issues. Hence to overcome these, curcumin self micro emulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) which will result in a nanosize emulsion droplets when administered in vivo were formulated in the present study. Methods Depression was induced by bilateral olfactory bulbectomy and the animals were randomized into 8 groups as normal, control [(vehicle 10 ml/kg, p.o., (per oral)], pure curcumin (10, 20, 40 mg/kg, p.o.), and curcumin SMEDDS (10, 20, 40 mg/kg, p.o). After 14 days of respective treatment, behavioral parameters such as open field test (OFT), ambulation counts and passive avoidance response (PAR) were evaluated. At the end of experiments, blood was withdrawn from r.o.p (retro orbital plexus) for serum cortisol estimation. Results In OFT, increased central area frequency, peripheral area frequency, central area duration and decreased rearing and grooming were recorded with an increased ambulation counts. In PAR, significant reduction in number of trials and step down from platform was observed in the animals treated with test drug. Serum cortisol level was also found to be decreased in the test groups. Conclusion Behavioral and biochemical estimations in the present study revealed the improved brain permeability and further increase in biological activity of curcumin SMEDDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Aswar
- Department of Pharmacology, Sinhgad Institute of Pharmacy, Narhe, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mangesh Bhalekar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, AISSMS College of Pharmacy, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Akshata Trimukhe
- Department of Pharmacology, Sinhgad Institute of Pharmacy, Narhe, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Urmila Aswar
- Department of Pharmacology, BVDU, Poona College of Pharmacy, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Singh M, Singh D, Mahajan S, Sheikh BA, Bedi N. Polymeric Precipitation Inhibitor Assisted Supersaturable SMEDDS of Efavirenz Based on Experimental Observations and Molecular Mechanics. Curr Drug Deliv 2020; 18:513-530. [PMID: 32735521 DOI: 10.2174/1567201817666200731165508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Supersaturable SMEDDS, a versatile dosage form, was investigated for improving the biopharmaceutical attributes and eradicating the food effect of poorly water soluble drug efavirenz. OBJECTIVE The present research pursues the development of efavirenz loaded Supersaturable Self- Microemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SS SMEDDS) for improving biopharmaceutical performance. METHODS Preformulation studies were carried out to determine the optimized range of lipid excipients to develop stable supersaturated SMEDDS (ST SMEDDS). The SS SMEDD formulation was prepared by adding hydroxypropyl methylcellulose as a polymeric precipitation inhibitor. The developed SS SMEDDS were evaluated for supersaturation behavior by performing in vitro supersaturation studies and molecular simulations by in silico docking. Dissolution was performed in biorelevant media to simulate fed/fasted conditions in gastrointestinal regions. Absorption behavior was determined through in vivo pharmacokinetics approach. RESULTS The optimized ST SMEDDS formulation containing Maisine® CC, Tween 80 and Transcutol-P exhibited thermodynamic stability with quick rate of emulsification. The optimized SS SMEDDS containing suitable polymeric precipitation inhibitor exhibited enhanced efavirenz concentration in in vitro supersaturation test. The theoretical simulations by molecular docking revealed strong intermolecular interactions with a docking score of -3.004 KJ/mol. The dissolution performance of marketed product in biorelevant dissolution media inferred the existence of food effect in the dissolution of efavirenz. However, in SS SMEDDS, no significant differences in drug release behavior under different fasted/fed conditions signify that the food effect was neutralized. In vivo pharmacokinetics revealed a significant increase in the absorption profile of efavirenz from SS SMEDDS than that of ST SMEDDS and marketed product. CONCLUSION The designed delivery system indicated promising results in developing an effectual EFV formulation for HIV treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manmeet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Dilpreet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Sundar Mahajan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Bilal Ahmed Sheikh
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Neena Bedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Pramanik S, Thakkar H. Development of Solid Self-Microemulsifying System of Tizanidine Hydrochloride for Oral Bioavailability Enhancement: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:182. [PMID: 32613377 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01734-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present investigation was to formulate self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) tablets to enhance the oral bioavailability of tizanidine hydrochloride. SMEDDS was prepared by using Capmul G as the oil phase, Tween 20 as the surfactant, and propylene glycol as the co-surfactant. The optimized formulation was characterized by dilution test, % transmittance, thermodynamic stability, dye solubility, assay, globule size, zeta potential, and TEM. A dye solubility test confirmed the formation of o/w microemulsion. Optimized formulation of SMEDDS had a drug content of 98 ± 0.75% (3.2± 0.3 mg) and droplet size of 96.61 ± 2.3 nm. Dilution and centrifugation tests indicated the physical stability of the formulation. The optimized SMEDDS was mixed with Neusilin as adsorbent, microcrystalline cellulose as diluent, and magnesium stearate as flow promoter, and compressed into tablets. The prepared tablets passed the tests of weight variation, hardness, friability, and assay. In vitro dissolution test indicated sustained release of tizanidine hydrochloride from the SMEDDS tablet for a period of 4 h. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies performed on male New Zealand rabbits showed a 4.61-fold increase in bioavailability compared with the marketed formulation. Thus, the developed SMEDDS tablet proved to be capable of enhancing oral bioavailability of tizanidine hydrochloride. Graphical abstract.
Collapse
|
38
|
Zech J, Gold D, Salaymeh N, Sasson NC, Rabinowitch I, Golenser J, Mäder K. Oral Administration of Artemisone for the Treatment of Schistosomiasis: Formulation Challenges and In Vivo Efficacy. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E509. [PMID: 32503130 PMCID: PMC7356104 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12060509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Artemisone is an innovative artemisinin derivative with applications in the treatment of malaria, schistosomiasis and other diseases. However, its low aqueous solubility and tendency to degrade after solubilisation limits the translation of this drug into clinical practice. We developed a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS), which is easy to produce (simple mixing) with a high drug load. In addition to known pharmaceutical excipients (Capmul MCM, Kolliphor HS15, propylene glycol), we identified Polysorb ID 46 as a beneficial new additional excipient. The physicochemical properties were characterized by dynamic light scattering, conductivity measurements, rheology and electron microscopy. High storage stability, even at 30 °C, was achieved. The orally administrated artemisone SMEDDS formulation was highly active in vivo in S. mansoni infected mice. Thorough elimination of the adult worms, their eggs and prevention of the deleterious granuloma formation in the livers of infected mice was observed even at a relatively low dose of the drug. The new formulation has a high potential to accelerate the clinical use of artemisone in schistosomiasis and malaria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Zech
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Daniel Gold
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;
| | - Nadeen Salaymeh
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Kuvin Centre for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112002, Israel;
| | - Netanel Cohen Sasson
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112002, Israel; (N.C.S.); (I.R.)
| | - Ithai Rabinowitch
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112002, Israel; (N.C.S.); (I.R.)
| | - Jacob Golenser
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Kuvin Centre for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112002, Israel;
| | - Karsten Mäder
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Vijayan UK, Varakumar S, Sole S, Singhal RS. Enhancement of loading and oral bioavailability of curcumin loaded self-microemulsifying lipid carriers using Curcuma oleoresins. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2020; 46:889-898. [PMID: 32340496 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2020.1762201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic applications of curcumin, a phenolic compound extracted from Curcuma species, is limited due to poor bioavailability. To enhance the bioavailability, self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) with curcumin were prepared. Ethyl oleate, Tween 80, and Transcutol® P with surfactant: co-surfactant ratio of 2:1 w/w was selected based on the solubility and pseudo-ternary phase diagrams. The optimized formulation (S-Eo3) was evaluated for use of spice oleoresins as curcumin bioenhancers. The oleophilic phase of curcumin containing SMEDDS formulations was then successfully modified by using bioactive oleoresins extracted from two Curcuma species, viz. C. longa (S-CL1) and C. aromatica (S-CA1). The curcumin content in S-Eo3, S-CL1, and S-CA1 were 69.6 ± 0.23, 82.4 ± 0.62, and 88.8 ± 0.46 mg/g, respectively. Thus, by the partial modification of oleophilic phase of SMEDDS with spice oleoresin (acting as bioenhancer) resulted in ∼88 k improvement of curcumin aqueous solubility. The pharmacokinetic study in male Wistar rats showed that the relative bioavailability of curcumin in S-CL1 and S-CA1 were 26- and 29-fold vis-à-vis 22-fold in S-Eo3 compared to curcumin suspension. All the SMEDDS formulations were stable for three months as established by ICH guidelines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sadineni Varakumar
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sushant Sole
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Bombay Veterinary College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rekha S Singhal
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Mandić J, Pirnat V, Luštrik M, German Ilić I, Vrečer F, Gašperlin M, Zvonar Pobirk A. Solidification of SMEDDS by fluid bed granulation and manufacturing of fast drug release tablets. Int J Pharm 2020; 583:119377. [PMID: 32339633 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Solidification of self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) is a rising experimental field with important potential for pharmaceutical industry, however fluid-bed granulation with SMEDDS is yet an unexplored solidification technique. The aim of the study was to solidify carvedilol-loaded SMEDDS utilizing fluid bed granulation process and to investigate how the formulation variables (type of solid carrier, optimization of granulation dispersion) and fluid-bed granulation process variables can be optimized in order to achieve suitable agglomeration process, high drug loading and appropriate product characteristics. Obtained granulates exhibited complete drug release, comparable to liquid SMEDDS and superior to crystalline carvedilol, nevertheless compromise between large SMEDDS loading and appropriate flow properties of the granules has to be made. Representative granulates with highest drug loading were further compressed into tablets. It was shown that the optimal excipient selection of compression mixture and compression force can lead to fast carvedilol release even from the tablets. Selfmicroemulsifying properties were not impaired neither after the solidification process and nor after the compression of solid SMEDDS into tablets. This suggests that fluid-bed granulation with SMEDDS offers a perspective alternative for solidification of the SMEDDS, enabling preservation of self-microemulsifying properties, acceptable drug loading and complete drug release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Mandić
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Krka, d.d., Novo mesto, Šmarješka cesta 6, 8000 Novo mesto, Slovenia
| | - Vesna Pirnat
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matevž Luštrik
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ilija German Ilić
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Franc Vrečer
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Krka, d.d., Novo mesto, Šmarješka cesta 6, 8000 Novo mesto, Slovenia
| | - Mirjana Gašperlin
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alenka Zvonar Pobirk
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Liu CS, Chen L, Hu YN, Dai JL, Ma B, Tang QF, Tan XM. Self-Microemulsifying Drug Delivery System for Improved Oral Delivery and Hypnotic Efficacy of Ferulic Acid. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:2059-2070. [PMID: 32273702 PMCID: PMC7104137 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s240449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Ferulic acid (FA) is a natural compound which is used to treat insomnia. However, its use is limited because of its poor oral bioavailability caused by extremely rapid elimination. The current study aimed to develop a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) to improve the oral delivery of FA and to enhance its hypnotic efficacy. Methods FA-SMEDDS was prepared, and its morphology and storage stability were characterized. The formulation was also subjected to pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution studies in rats. The hypnotic efficacy of FA-SMEDDS was evaluated in p-chlorophenylalanine-induced insomnia mice. Results FA-loaded SMEDDS exhibited a small droplet size (15.24 nm) and good stability. Oral administration of FA-SMEDDS yielded relative bioavailability of 185.96%. In the kidney, SMEDDS decreased the distribution percentage of FA from 76.1% to 59.4% and significantly reduced its metabolic conversion, indicating a reduction in renal elimination. Interestingly, FA-SMEDDS showed a higher distribution in the brain and enhanced serotonin levels in the brain, which extended the sleep time by 2-fold in insomnia mice. Conclusion This is the first study to show that FA-loaded SMEDDS decreased renal elimination, enhanced oral bioavailability, increased brain distribution, and improved hypnotic efficacy. Thus, we have demonstrated that SMEDDS is a promising carrier which can be employed to improve the oral delivery of FA and facilitate product development for the therapy of insomnia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Shun Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Nan Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Lian Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Biao Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Fa Tang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Mei Tan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zakkula A, Gabani BB, Jairam RK, Kiran V, Todmal U, Mullangi R. Preparation and optimization of nilotinib self-micro-emulsifying drug delivery systems to enhance oral bioavailability. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2020; 46:498-504. [PMID: 32067499 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2020.1730398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The objective of the current research was to prepare self-micro-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) for BCS class II drug, nilotinib to enhance its oral bioavailability.Methodology: Different types of excipients like oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant were evaluated for drug solubility. Among the screened excipients, Capryol 90, Transcutol HP, and Tween 80 were selected as oil, co-surfactant, and surfactant, respectively, to construct a ternary phase diagram to identify a homogenous mixture. Characterization performed for the prepared SMEDDS for its particle size/droplet size, emulsification time, phase separation, droplet morphology, in vitro drug release, and oral bioavailability.Results: Prepared SMEDDS showed the highest of 87% drug release in in vitro drug release experiment. SMEDDS drug release was superior over suspension formulation, which could be attributed to oil/surfactant ratios and particle size of the SMEDDS. The acquired pharmacokinetic parameters indicate that twofold increase in systemic exposure of SMEDDS compared with nilotinib suspension formulation. A similar twofold increase in relative oral bioavailability was also observed when compared SMEDDS formulation with suspension formulation. Delayed Tmax (time to reach peak plasma concentrations) was observed with SMEDDS over suspension formulation, which was evident by slow rate of absorption of nilotinib from SMEDDS.Conclusion: This research demonstrated that SMEDDS could be an effective approach to improve solubility and oral bioavailability for the BCS class II poorly soluble nilotinib.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Zakkula
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jubilant Biosys Ltd, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Ravi Kumar Jairam
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jubilant Biosys Ltd, Bangalore, India
| | - Vinay Kiran
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jubilant Biosys Ltd, Bangalore, India
| | - Umesh Todmal
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jubilant Biosys Ltd, Bangalore, India
| | - Ramesh Mullangi
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jubilant Biosys Ltd, Bangalore, India
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Visetvichaporn V, Kim KH, Jung K, Cho YS, Kim DD. Formulation of self-microemulsifying drug delivery system ( SMEDDS) by D-optimal mixture design to enhance the oral bioavailability of a new cathepsin K inhibitor (HL235). Int J Pharm 2019; 573:118772. [PMID: 31765770 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
HL235 is a new cathepsin K inhibitor designed and synthesized to treat osteoporosis. Since HL235 has poor aqueous solubility, a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) was formulated to enhance its oral bioavailability. A solubility study of HL235 was performed to select a suitable oil, surfactant and cosurfactant. Pseudoternary phase diagrams were plotted to identify the microemulsion region and to determine the range of components in the isotropic mixture. D-optimal mixture design and a desirability function were introduced to optimize the SMEDDS formulation for the desired physicochemical characteristics, i.e., high drug concentration at 15 min after dilution with simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and high solubilization capacity. The optimized HL235-loaded SMEDDS formulation consisted of 5.0% Capmul MCM EP (oil), 75.0% Tween 20 (surfactant) and 20.0% Carbitol (cosurfactant). The droplet size of the microemulsion formed by the optimized formulation was 10.7 ± 1.6 nm, and the droplets were spherical in shape. Pharmacokinetic studies in rats showed that the relative oral bioavailability of the SMEDDS formulation increased up to 3.22-fold compared to its solution in DMSO:PEG400 (8:92, v/v). Thus, the formulation of SMEDDS optimized by D-optimal mixture design could be a promising approach to improve the oral bioavailability of HL235.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Voradanu Visetvichaporn
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hee Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungjin Jung
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Seok Cho
- R&D Center, Hanlim Pharm. Co., Ltd, Seoul 06634, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Duk Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Liao H, Gao Y, Lian C, Zhang Y, Wang B, Yang Y, Ye J, Feng Y, Liu Y. Oral absorption and lymphatic transport of baicalein following drug-phospholipid complex incorporation in self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:7291-7306. [PMID: 31564878 PMCID: PMC6735633 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s214883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aims of this study were to prepare a baicalein self-microemulsion with baicalein-phospholipid complex as the intermediate (BAPC-SMEDDS) and to compare its effects with those of conventional baicalein self-microemulsion (CBA-SMEDDS) on baicalein oral absorption and lymphatic transport. METHODS Two SMEDDS were characterized by emulsifying efficiency, droplet size, zeta potential, cloud point, dilution stability, physical stability, and in vitro release and lipolysis. Different formulations of 40 mg/kg baicalein were orally administered to Sprague-Dawley rats to investigate their respective bioavailabilities. The chylomicron flow blocking rat model was used to evaluate their lymphatic transport. RESULTS The droplet sizes of BAPC-SMEDDS and CBA-SMEDDS after 100x dilution were 9.6±0.2 nm and 11.3±0.4 nm, respectively. In vivo experiments indicated that the relative bioavailability of CBA-SMEDDS and BAPC-SMEDDS was 342.5% and 448.7% compared to that of free baicalein (BA). The AUC0-t and Cmax of BAPC-SMEDDS were 1.31 and 1.87 times higher than those of CBA-SMEDDS, respectively. The lymphatic transport study revealed that 81.2% of orally absorbed BA entered the circulation directly through the portal vein, whereas approximately 18.8% was transported into the blood via lymphatic transport. CBA-SMEDDS and BAPC-SMEDDS increased the lymphatic transport ratio of BA from 18.8% to 56.2% and 70.2%, respectively. Therefore, self-microemulsion not only significantly improves oral bioavailability of baicalein, but also increases the proportion lymphatically transported. This is beneficial to the direct interaction of baicalein with relevant immune cells in the lymphatic system and for proper display of its effects. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the oral absorption and lymphatic transport characteristics of free baicalein and baicalein SMEDDS with different compositions. This is of great significance to studies on lymphatic targeted delivery of natural immunomodulatory compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hengfeng Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunfang Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bangyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanfang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing100050, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Diril M, Türkyılmaz GY, Karasulu HY. Formulation and In Vitro Evaluation of Self Microemulsifying Drug Delivery System Containing Atorvastatin Calcium. Curr Drug Deliv 2019; 16:768-779. [PMID: 31429689 DOI: 10.2174/1567201816666190820143957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to develop a new dosage form as an alternative to the classical tablet forms of atorvastatin calcium (AtrCa). The formulation strategy was to prepare an optimum self micro emulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) to overcome the problem of low solubility of the active substance. METHODS In this study, pseudo ternary phase diagrams were plotted determined by the solubility studies. According to the solubility studies; oleic acid was used as the oil phase, Tween 20 and Span 80 were used as the surfactants and ethanol was used as the co-surfactant. SMEDDS formulations were characterized according to pH, electrical conductivity, density, refractive index, viscosity, emulsification time, dispersibility, robustness of dilution stability, droplet size, polidispersity index, zeta potential, transmittance %, cloud point, content quantification %, chemical and physical stability. The lipolysis study was conducted under fed and fasted conditions. In vitro release studies and kinetic evaluation were carried out. Permeability studies were also examined with Caco-2 cell culture. RESULTS The droplet size of the optimized formulation did not change significantly in different medias over the test time period. Improved SMEDDS formulation will progress steadily without precipitating along the gastrointestinal tract. Lipolysis studies showed that the oil solution had been exposed to high amount of lipolysis compared to the SMEDDS formulation. The release rate of AtrCa from AtrCa- SMEDDS formulation (93.8%, at 15 minutes) was found as increased when the results were compared with commercial tablet formulation and pure drug. The permeability value of AtrCa from AtrCa- SMEDDS formulation was found higher than pure AtrCa and commercial tablet formulation, approximately 9.94 and 1.64 times, respectively. CONCLUSION Thus, lipid-based SMEDDS formulation is a potential formulation candidate for lymphatic route in terms of the increased solubility of AtrCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mine Diril
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gülbeyaz Yıldız Türkyılmaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.,Ege University, Center For Drug Research & Development and Pharmacokinetic Applications (ARGEFAR), Izmir, Turkey
| | - H Yeşim Karasulu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Wang Q, Guo M, Adu-Frimpong M, Zhang K, Yang Q, Toreniyazov E, Ji H, Xu X, Cao X, Yu J. Self-Micro-Emulsifying Controlled Release of Eugenol Pellets: Preparation, In vitro/In vivo Investigation in Beagle Dogs. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:284. [PMID: 31407165 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1499-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This report aimed to formulate self-micro-emulsifying (SMEDDS) controlled-release pellets delivery system to improve aqueous solubility and in vivo availability of eugenol, a main constituent of clove oil with multiple pharmacological activities. The optimal formulation of eugenol-SMEDDS was eugenol: ethyl oleate: cremophor EL: 1, 2-propylene glycol at the ratio of 5:5:12:8. The SMEDDS were observed under transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the size distribution was measured with dynamic laser light scatting (DLS). The particle size, index of dispersity (PDI), and zeta potential (Z-potential) were 68.8 ± 0.1 nm, 0.285 ± 0.031, and - 11.62 ± 0.63 mV, respectively. Eugenol-SMEDDS exhibited substantial increased in vitro dissolution compared with the free eugenol. The eugenol-SMEDDS sustained-release pellets (eugenol-SMEDDS-SR pellets) comprising of eugenol-SMEDDS, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), and ethyl cellulose (EC) coats were obtained via extrusion spheronization technique. Consequently, the obtained pellets observed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed spherical shape with smooth surface, desirable drug loading capacity (7.18 ± 0.17%), greater stability, and controlled release. Meanwhile, the oral test showed that bioavailability of eugenol in pellets was highly improved 23.6-fold to the free eugenol. Overall, these results suggested that the improvement of the oral bioavailability of eugenol-SMEDDS-SR could be due to the successful incorporation of the drug into SMEDDS.
Collapse
|
47
|
Rani S, Rana R, Saraogi GK, Kumar V, Gupta U. Self-Emulsifying Oral Lipid Drug Delivery Systems: Advances and Challenges. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:129. [PMID: 30815765 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1335-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The attempts to oral delivery of lipids can be challenging. Self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) plays a vital role to tackle this problem. SEDDS is composed of an oil phase, surfactants, co-surfactants, emulsifying agents, and co-solvents. SEDDS can be categorized into self-nano-emulsifying agents (SNEDDS) and self-micro-emulsifying agents (SMEDDS). The characterization of SEDDS includes size, zeta potential analysis, and surface morphology via electron microscopy and phase separation methods. SEDDS can be well characterized through different techniques for size and morphology. Supersaturation is the phenomenon applied in case of SEDDS, in which polymers and copolymers are used for SEDDS preparation. A supersaturated SEDDS formulation kinetically and thermodynamically inhibits the precipitation of drug molecules by retarding nucleation and crystal growth in the aqueous medium. Self-emulsification approach has been successful in the delivery of anti-cancer agents, anti-viral drugs, anti-bacterial, immunosuppressant, and natural products such as antioxidants as well as alkaloids. At present, more than four SEDDS drug products are available in the market. SEDDS have tremendous capabilities which are yet to be explored which would be beneficial in oral lipid delivery.
Collapse
|
48
|
Na YG, Byeon JJ, Wang M, Huh HW, Son GH, Jeon SH, Bang KH, Kim SJ, Lee HJ, Lee HK, Cho CW. Strategic approach to developing a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system to enhance antiplatelet activity and bioavailability of ticagrelor. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:1193-1212. [PMID: 30863054 PMCID: PMC6391151 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s190426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ticagrelor (TCG) is used to inhibit platelet aggregation in patients with acute coronary syndrome, but its poor solubility and low bioavailability limit its in vivo efficacy. The purpose of this study was to manufacture an optimized TCG-loaded self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) to enhance the oral bioavailability and antiplatelet activity of TCG. Materials and methods Solubility and emulsification tests were conducted to determine the most suitable oils, surfactants, and cosurfactants. Scheffé's mixture design was applied to optimize the percentage of each component applied in the SMEDDS formulation to achieve optimal physical characteristics, ie, high solubility of TCG in SMEDDS, small droplet size, low precipitation, and high transmittance. Results The optimized TCG-loaded SMEDDS (TCG-SM) formulation composed of 10.0% Capmul MCM (oil), 53.8% Cremophor EL (surfactant), and 36.2% Transcutol P (cosurfactant) significantly improving the dissolution of TCG in various media compared with TCG in Brilinta® (commercial product). TCG-SM exhibited higher cellular uptake and permeability in Caco-2 cells than raw TCG suspension. In pharmacokinetic studies in rats, TCG-SM exhibited higher oral bioavailability with 5.7 and 6.4 times higher area under the concentration-time curve and maximum plasma concentration, respectively, than a raw TCG suspension. Antiplatelet activity studies exhibited that the TCG-SM formulation showed significantly improved inhibition of platelet aggregation compared with raw TCG at the same dose of TCG. And, a 10 mg/kg dose of raw TCG suspension and a 5 mg/kg dose of TCG-SM had a similar area under the inhibitory curve (907.0%±408.8% and 907.8%±200.5%⋅hours, respectively) for antiplatelet activity. Conclusion These results suggest that the developed TCG-SM could be successfully used as an efficient method to achieve the enhanced antiplatelet activity and bioavailability of TCG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Guk Na
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea, ,
| | - Jin-Ju Byeon
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea, ,
| | - Miao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea, ,
| | - Hyun Wook Huh
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea, ,
| | - Gi-Ho Son
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea, , .,Korea United Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Jeon
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea, , .,SamA Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Bang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea, , .,Korea United Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea, ,
| | - Hye-Jin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea, ,
| | - Hong-Ki Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea, ,
| | - Cheong-Weon Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea, ,
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Xiong Y, Zou Y, Chen L, Xu Y, Wang S. Development and In Vivo Evaluation of Ziyuglycoside I-Loaded Self-Microemulsifying Formulation for Activity of Increasing Leukocyte. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:101. [PMID: 30721444 PMCID: PMC6373417 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1313-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ziyuglycoside I (ZgI), a major effective ingredient of Sanguisorba officinalis L, has shown good activity in increasing leukocyte of myelosuppression mice. However, oral ZgI therapy has been deterred by poor bioavailability because of its low aqueous solubility and permeability. Our study was to develop ZgI-loaded self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) and evaluate its intestinal absorption, and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic activity for increasing leukocyte. The formulation was designed and optimized by measuring the equilibrium solubility of ZgI in different vehicles and the pseudoternary phase diagram. Further, morphology, particle size, stability, in vitro release, in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP), in vivo activity, and in vivo pharmacokinetic (PK) of ZgI-SMEDDS were charactered or studied. Optimized formulations for in vitro dissolution were Obleique CC497, Tween-20, and Transcutol HP with a proportion of 0.25/0.45/0.30 via D-optimal mixture design. Results showed that the solubility of ZgI was enhanced up to 23.93 mg/g and its average particle size was 207.92 ± 2.13 nm. The release of ZgI had been greatly improved by the SMEDDS. In SPIP, the intestinal absorption of SMEDDS was much better than plain ZgI. In PK, we found the oral bioavailability of ZgI-SMEDDS was 6.94-fold higher absolute bioavailability (21.94 ± 4.67) % than ZgI (3.16 ± 0.89) %. The most important was that the mice WBC of ZgI-SMEDDS group was significantly higher than that of the ZgI group. Our study suggested that SMEDDS could increase the solubility of ZgI, which was beneficial to improve oral bioavailability and enhance biological activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongai Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, West No. 6 Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi, 563000 Guizhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Ya Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, West No. 6 Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi, 563000 Guizhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, West No. 6 Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi, 563000 Guizhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingshu Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, West No. 6 Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi, 563000 Guizhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Sen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, West No. 6 Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi, 563000 Guizhou People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Shin DJ, Chae BR, Goo YT, Yoon HY, Kim CH, Sohn SI, Oh D, Lee A, Song SH, Choi YW. Improved Dissolution and Oral Bioavailability of Valsartan Using a Solidified Supersaturable Self-Microemulsifying Drug Delivery System Containing Gelucire ® 44/14. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11020058. [PMID: 30708963 PMCID: PMC6409713 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11020058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
To improve the dissolution and oral bioavailability of valsartan (VST), we previously formulated a supersaturable self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SuSMED) composed of Capmul® MCM (oil), Tween® 80 (surfactant), Transcutol® P (cosurfactant), and Poloxamer 407 (precipitation inhibitor) but encountered a stability problem (Transcutol® P-induced weight loss in storage) after solidification. In the present study, replacing Transcutol® P with Gelucire® 44/14 resulted in a novel SuSMED formulation, wherein the total amount of surfactant/cosurfactant was less than that of the previous formulation. Solidified SuSMED (S-SuSMED) granules were prepared by blending VST-containing SuSMED with selective solid carriers, L-HPC and Florite® PS-10, wherein VST existed in an amorphous state. S-SuSMED tablets fabricated by direct compression with additional excipients were sufficiently stable in terms of drug content and impurity changes after 6 months of storage at accelerated conditions (40 ± 2 °C and 75 ± 5% relative humidity). Consequently, enhanced dissolution was obtained (pH 1.2, 2 h): 6-fold for S-SuSMED granules against raw VST; 2.3-fold for S-SuSMED tablets against Diovan® (reference tablet). S-SuSMED tablets increased oral bioavailability in rats (10 mg/kg VST dose): approximately 177–198% versus raw VST and Diovan®. Therefore, VST-loaded S-SuSMED formulations might be good candidates for practical development in the pharmaceutical industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Jun Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea.
| | - Bo Ram Chae
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea.
- Daewon Pharm. Co., Ltd, 520 Cheonhodae-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 04994, Korea.
| | - Yoon Tae Goo
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea.
| | - Ho Yub Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea.
| | - Chang Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea.
| | - Se Il Sohn
- Daewon Pharm. Co., Ltd, 520 Cheonhodae-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 04994, Korea.
| | - Dongho Oh
- Daewon Pharm. Co., Ltd, 520 Cheonhodae-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 04994, Korea.
| | - Ahram Lee
- Daewon Pharm. Co., Ltd, 520 Cheonhodae-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 04994, Korea.
| | - Seh Hyon Song
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea.
| | - Young Wook Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|