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Wu M, Vadlakonda S, El-Kattan Y, Ghosh A, Lin TH, Chambers-Wilson R, Cheng X, Bantia S, Kellogg-Yelder D, Chand P, Babu YS, Kotian PL. Synthesis and biological evaluation of Ribo 7-N/O/S pyrimidine 9-deaza C-nucleoside analogs as new antiviral agents for inhibiting HCV RNA-dependent RNA polymerases. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 264:115991. [PMID: 38118393 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C infection is caused by the bloodborne pathogen hepatitis C virus (HCV) and can lead to serious liver diseases and, ultimately, death if the treatment is ineffective. This work reports the synthesis and preclinical evaluation of 7 novel 9-O/N/S pyrimidine nucleosides, including compound 12, the triphosphate of known compound 7b. The nucleosides are 9-deaza modifications of adenosine and guanosine with β-2'-C-methyl substituent on the ribose. Within this series of compounds, a 9-deaza furopyrimidine analog of adenosine, compound 7b, showed high anti-HCV activity in vitro, good stability, low toxicity, and low genotoxicity when administrated in low doses, and an adequate pharmacokinetics profile. An improved synthesis of compound 7b compared to a previous study is also reported. Compound 12 was synthesized as a control to verify phosphorylation of 7b occurred in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minwan Wu
- BioCryst Pharmaceuticals Inc., Discovery Center of Excellence, 2100 Riverchase Center, Building 200, Suite 200, Birmingham, Alabama 35244, USA
| | - Satish Vadlakonda
- BioCryst Pharmaceuticals Inc., Discovery Center of Excellence, 2100 Riverchase Center, Building 200, Suite 200, Birmingham, Alabama 35244, USA
| | - Yahya El-Kattan
- BioCryst Pharmaceuticals Inc., Discovery Center of Excellence, 2100 Riverchase Center, Building 200, Suite 200, Birmingham, Alabama 35244, USA
| | - Ajit Ghosh
- BioCryst Pharmaceuticals Inc., Discovery Center of Excellence, 2100 Riverchase Center, Building 200, Suite 200, Birmingham, Alabama 35244, USA.
| | - Tsu-Hsing Lin
- BioCryst Pharmaceuticals Inc., Discovery Center of Excellence, 2100 Riverchase Center, Building 200, Suite 200, Birmingham, Alabama 35244, USA
| | - Ramanda Chambers-Wilson
- BioCryst Pharmaceuticals Inc., Discovery Center of Excellence, 2100 Riverchase Center, Building 200, Suite 200, Birmingham, Alabama 35244, USA
| | - Xiaogang Cheng
- BioCryst Pharmaceuticals Inc., Discovery Center of Excellence, 2100 Riverchase Center, Building 200, Suite 200, Birmingham, Alabama 35244, USA
| | - Shanta Bantia
- BioCryst Pharmaceuticals Inc., Discovery Center of Excellence, 2100 Riverchase Center, Building 200, Suite 200, Birmingham, Alabama 35244, USA.
| | - Debra Kellogg-Yelder
- BioCryst Pharmaceuticals Inc., Discovery Center of Excellence, 2100 Riverchase Center, Building 200, Suite 200, Birmingham, Alabama 35244, USA
| | - Pooran Chand
- BioCryst Pharmaceuticals Inc., Discovery Center of Excellence, 2100 Riverchase Center, Building 200, Suite 200, Birmingham, Alabama 35244, USA.
| | - Y S Babu
- BioCryst Pharmaceuticals Inc., Discovery Center of Excellence, 2100 Riverchase Center, Building 200, Suite 200, Birmingham, Alabama 35244, USA
| | - Pravin L Kotian
- BioCryst Pharmaceuticals Inc., Discovery Center of Excellence, 2100 Riverchase Center, Building 200, Suite 200, Birmingham, Alabama 35244, USA.
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2
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Kezin VA, Matyugina ES, Novikov MS, Chizhov AO, Snoeck R, Andrei G, Kochetkov SN, Khandazhinskaya AL. New Derivatives of 5-Substituted Uracils: Potential Agents with a Wide Spectrum of Biological Activity. Molecules 2022; 27:2866. [PMID: 35566215 PMCID: PMC9102953 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrimidine nucleoside analogues are widely used to treat infections caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and DNA viruses from the herpes family. It has been shown that 5-substituted uracil derivatives can inhibit HIV-1, herpes family viruses, mycobacteria and other pathogens through various mechanisms. Among the 5-substituted pyrimidine nucleosides, there are not only the classical nucleoside inhibitors of the herpes family viruses, 2'-deoxy-5-iodocytidine and 5-bromovinyl-2'-deoxyuridine, but also derivatives of 1-(benzyl)-5-(phenylamino)uracil, which proved to be non-nucleoside inhibitors of HIV-1 and EBV. It made this modification of nucleoside analogues very promising in connection with the emergence of new viruses and the crisis of drug resistance when the task of creating effective antiviral agents of new types that act on other targets or exhibit activity by other mechanisms is very urgent. In this paper, we present the design, synthesis and primary screening of the biological activity of new nucleoside analogues, namely, 5'-norcarbocyclic derivatives of substituted 5-arylamino- and 5-aryloxyuracils, against RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily A. Kezin
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.K.); (E.S.M.); (S.N.K.)
| | - Elena S. Matyugina
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.K.); (E.S.M.); (S.N.K.)
| | - Mikhail S. Novikov
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Toxicological Chemistry, Volgograd State Medical University, 400131 Volgograd, Russia;
| | - Alexander O. Chizhov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Leninski pr. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Robert Snoeck
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; (R.S.); (G.A.)
| | - Graciela Andrei
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; (R.S.); (G.A.)
| | - Sergei N. Kochetkov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.K.); (E.S.M.); (S.N.K.)
| | - Anastasia L. Khandazhinskaya
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.K.); (E.S.M.); (S.N.K.)
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3
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Kolmar T, Büllmann SM, Sarter C, Höfer K, Jäschke A. Development of High-Performance Pyrimidine Nucleoside and Oligonucleotide Diarylethene Photoswitches. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:8164-8173. [PMID: 33476096 PMCID: PMC8049081 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Nucleosidic and oligonucleotidic diarylethenes (DAEs) are an emerging class of photochromes with high application potential. However, their further development is hampered by the poor understanding of how the chemical structure modulates the photochromic properties. Here we synthesized 26 systematically varied deoxyuridine- and deoxycytidine-derived DAEs and analyzed reaction quantum yields, composition of the photostationary states, thermal and photochemical stability, and reversibility. This analysis identified two high-performance photoswitches with near-quantitative, fully reversible back-and-forth switching and no detectable thermal or photochemical deterioration. When incorporated into an oligonucleotide with the sequence of a promotor, the nucleotides maintained their photochromism and allowed the modulation of the transcription activity of T7 RNA polymerase with an up to 2.4-fold turn-off factor, demonstrating the potential for optochemical control of biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Kolmar
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular BiotechnologyHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 36469120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Simon M. Büllmann
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular BiotechnologyHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 36469120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Christopher Sarter
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular BiotechnologyHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 36469120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Katharina Höfer
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular BiotechnologyHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 36469120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Andres Jäschke
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular BiotechnologyHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 36469120HeidelbergGermany
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4
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George TJ, Franke AJ, Chakravarthy AB, Das P, Dasari A, El-Rayes BF, Hong TS, Kinsella TJ, Landry JC, Lee JJ, Monjazeb AM, Jacobs SA, Raben D, Rahma OE, Williams TM, Wu C, Coleman CN, Vikram B, Ahmed MM. National Cancer Institute (NCI) state of the science: Targeted radiosensitizers in colorectal cancer. Cancer 2019; 125:2732-2746. [PMID: 31017664 PMCID: PMC6663584 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents a major public health problem as the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States. Of an estimated 140,000 newly diagnosed CRC cases in 2018, roughly one-third of these patients will have a primary tumor located in the distal large bowel or rectum. The current standard-of-care approach includes curative-intent surgery, often after preoperative (neoadjuvant) radiotherapy (RT), to increase rates of tumor down-staging, clinical and pathologic response, as well as improving surgical resection quality. However, despite advancements in surgical techniques, as well as sharpened precision of dosimetry offered by contemporary RT delivery platforms, the oncology community continues to face challenges related to disease relapse. Ongoing investigations are aimed at testing novel radiosensitizing agents and treatments that might exploit the systemic antitumor effects of RT using immunotherapies. If successful, these treatments may usher in a new curative paradigm for rectal cancers, such that surgical interventions may be avoided. Importantly, this disease offers an opportunity to correlate matched paired biopsies, radiographic response, and molecular mechanisms of treatment sensitivity and resistance with clinical outcomes. Herein, the authors highlight the available evidence from preclinical models and early-phase studies, with an emphasis on promising developmental therapeutics undergoing prospective validation in larger scale clinical trials. This review by the National Cancer Institute's Radiation Research Program Colorectal Cancer Working Group provides an updated, comprehensive examination of the continuously evolving state of the science regarding radiosensitizer drug development in the curative treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J George
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Aaron J Franke
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - A Bapsi Chakravarthy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Prajnan Das
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Arvind Dasari
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bassel F El-Rayes
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Theodore S Hong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Timothy J Kinsella
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital-Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Jerome C Landry
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - James J Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Arta M Monjazeb
- Division of Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Samuel A Jacobs
- National Adjuvant Surgical and Bowel Project Foundation/NRG Oncology, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania
| | - David Raben
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Osama E Rahma
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Terence M Williams
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Christina Wu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - C Norman Coleman
- Clinical Radiation Oncology Branch, Radiation Research Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bhadrasain Vikram
- Clinical Radiation Oncology Branch, Radiation Research Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mansoor M Ahmed
- Clinical Radiation Oncology Branch, Radiation Research Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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5
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Alrobaian M, Azwari SA, Belal A, Eldeab HA. An Eco-Friendly Technique: Solvent-Free Microwave Synthesis and Docking Studies of Some New Pyridine Nucleosides and Their Pharmacological Significance. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24101969. [PMID: 31121872 PMCID: PMC6572210 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two series of novel 5-arylazo-3-cyano-2-(2″,3″,4″,6″-tetra-O-acetyl-β-d-galacto pyranosyloxy) pyridines and 3-cyano-2-(2″,3″,4″,6″-tetra-O-acetyl-β-d-galactopyranosyloxy) pyridines were synthesized in high yields utilizing a microwave-assisted synthesis tool guided by the principles of green chemistry. The chemical structures of the new substances were confirmed on the basis of their elemental analysis and spectroscopic data (FT-IR, 1D, 2D-NMR). Activity against different bacterial strains was studied. The anticancer potential of the new compounds is also discussed. Molecular docking was used as a tool in this research work to get better insight into the possible interactions, affinities, and expected modes of binding of the most promising derivatives of the potential chemotherapeutic target (DHFR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed Alrobaian
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 5700, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sana Al Azwari
- Department of Information Technology, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, Taif 5700, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Amany Belal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 5700, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Medicinal chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 1441, Egypt.
| | - Hany A Eldeab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 5700, Saudi Arabia.
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6
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Wen Z, Peng J, Tuttle PR, Ren Y, Garcia C, Debnath D, Rishi S, Hanson C, Ward S, Kumar A, Liu Y, Zhao W, Glazer PM, Liu Y, Sevilla MD, Adhikary A, Wnuk SF. Electron-Mediated Aminyl and Iminyl Radicals from C5 Azido-Modified Pyrimidine Nucleosides Augment Radiation Damage to Cancer Cells. Org Lett 2018; 20:7400-7404. [PMID: 30457873 PMCID: PMC6465127 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Two classes of azido-modified pyrimidine nucleosides were synthesized as potential radiosensitizers; one class is 5-azidomethyl-2'-deoxyuridine (AmdU) and cytidine (AmdC), while the second class is 5-(1-azidovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (AvdU) and cytidine (AvdC). The addition of radiation-produced electrons to C5-azido nucleosides leads to the formation of π-aminyl radicals followed by facile conversion to σ-iminyl radicals either via a bimolecular reaction involving intermediate α-azidoalkyl radicals in AmdU/AmdC or by tautomerization in AvdU/AvdC. AmdU demonstrates effective radiosensitization in EMT6 tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Wen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Jufang Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Paloma R. Tuttle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Yaou Ren
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Carol Garcia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Dipra Debnath
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309, United States
| | - Sunny Rishi
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309, United States
| | - Cameron Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309, United States
| | - Samuel Ward
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309, United States
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309, United States
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Weixi Zhao
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Peter M. Glazer
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Michael D. Sevilla
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309, United States
| | - Amitava Adhikary
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309, United States
| | - Stanislaw F. Wnuk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
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7
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Friesen WJ, Trotta CR, Tomizawa Y, Zhuo J, Johnson B, Sierra J, Roy B, Weetall M, Hedrick J, Sheedy J, Takasugi J, Moon YC, Babu S, Baiazitov R, Leszyk JD, Davis TW, Colacino JM, Peltz SW, Welch EM. The nucleoside analog clitocine is a potent and efficacious readthrough agent. RNA 2017; 23:567-577. [PMID: 28096517 PMCID: PMC5340919 DOI: 10.1261/rna.060236.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Nonsense mutations resulting in a premature stop codon in an open reading frame occur in critical tumor suppressor genes in a large number of the most common forms of cancers and are known to cause or contribute to the progression of disease. Low molecular weight compounds that induce readthrough of nonsense mutations offer a new means of treating patients with genetic disorders or cancers resulting from nonsense mutations. We have identified the nucleoside analog clitocine as a potent and efficacious suppressor of nonsense mutations. We determined that incorporation of clitocine into RNA during transcription is a prerequisite for its readthrough activity; the presence of clitocine in the third position of a premature stop codon directly induces readthrough. We demonstrate that clitocine can induce the production of p53 protein in cells harboring p53 nonsense-mutated alleles. In these cells, clitocine restored production of full-length and functional p53 as evidenced by induced transcriptional activation of downstream p53 target genes, progression of cells into apoptosis, and impeded growth of nonsense-containing human ovarian cancer tumors in xenograft tumor models. Thus, clitocine induces readthrough of nonsense mutations by a previously undescribed mechanism and represents a novel therapeutic modality to treat cancers and genetic diseases caused by nonsense mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuki Tomizawa
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey 07080, USA
| | - Jin Zhuo
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey 07080, USA
| | - Briana Johnson
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey 07080, USA
| | - Jairo Sierra
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey 07080, USA
| | - Bijoyita Roy
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey 07080, USA
| | - Marla Weetall
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey 07080, USA
| | - Jean Hedrick
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey 07080, USA
| | | | - James Takasugi
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey 07080, USA
| | | | - Suresh Babu
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey 07080, USA
| | - Ramil Baiazitov
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey 07080, USA
| | - John D Leszyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655-0122, USA
| | - Thomas W Davis
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey 07080, USA
| | | | - Stuart W Peltz
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey 07080, USA
| | - Ellen M Welch
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey 07080, USA
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8
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Akula HK, Kokatla H, Andrei G, Snoeck R, Schols D, Balzarini J, Yang L, Lakshman MK. Facile functionalization at the C4 position of pyrimidine nucleosides via amide group activation with (benzotriazol-1-yloxy)tris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (BOP) and biological evaluations of the products. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:1130-1139. [PMID: 28054092 PMCID: PMC5367150 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02334g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of O-t-butyldimethylsilyl-protected thymidine, 2'-deoxyuridine, and 3'-azidothymidine (AZT) with (benzotriazol-1-yloxy)tris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (BOP) leads to activation of the C4 amide carbonyl by formation of putative O4-(benzotriazol-1-yl) derivatives. Subsequent substitution with alkyl and aryl amines, thiols, and alcohols leads to facile functionalization at this position. Reactions with amines and thiols were conducted either as a two-step, one-pot transformation, or as a one-step conversion. Reactions with alcohols were conducted as two-step, one-pot transformations. In the course of these investigations, the formation of 1-(4-pyrimidinyl)-1H-benzotriazole-3-oxide derivatives from the pyrimidine nucleosides was identified. However, these too underwent conversion to the desired products. Products obtained from AZT were converted to the 3'-amino derivatives by catalytic reduction. All products were assayed for their abilities to inhibit cancer cell proliferation and for antiviral activities. Many were seen to be active against HIV-1 and HIV-2, and one was active against herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari K Akula
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10031, USA. and The Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Hariprasad Kokatla
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10031, USA.
| | - Graciela Andrei
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Herestraat 49, Postbus 1043, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robert Snoeck
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Herestraat 49, Postbus 1043, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dominique Schols
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Herestraat 49, Postbus 1043, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Balzarini
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Herestraat 49, Postbus 1043, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lijia Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10031, USA.
| | - Mahesh K Lakshman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10031, USA. and The Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, USA
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9
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Benzaria S, Bardiot D, Bouisset T, Counor C, Rabeson C, Pierra C, Storer R, Loi AG, Cadeddu A, Mura M, Musiu C, Liuzzi M, Loddo R, Bergelson S, Bichko V, Bridges E, Cretton-Scott E, Mao J, Sommadossi JP, Seifer M, Standring D, Tausek M, Gosselin G, La Colla P. 2′-C-Methyl Branched Pyrimidine Ribonucleoside Analogues: Potent Inhibitors of RNA Virus Replication. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 18:225-42. [PMID: 17907380 DOI: 10.1177/095632020701800406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RNA viruses are the agents of numerous widespread and often severe diseases. Their unique RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDRP) is essential for replication and, thus, constitutes a valid target for the development of selective chemotherapeutic agents. In this regard, we have investigated sugar-modified ribonucleoside analogues as potential inhibitors of the RDRP. Title compounds retain ‘natural’ pyrimidine bases, but possess a β-methyl substituent at the 2′-position of the D- or L-ribose moiety. Evaluation against a broad range of RNA viruses, either single-stranded positive (ssRNA), single-stranded negative (ssRNA−) or double-stranded (dsRNA), revealed potent activities for D-2′- C-methyl-cytidine and -uridine against ssRNA+, and dsRNA viruses. None of the L-enantiomers were active. Moreover, the 5′-triphosphates of the active D-enantiomers were found to inhibit the bovine virus diarrhoea virus polymerase. Thus, the 2′-methyl branching of natural pyrimidine ribonucleosides transforms physiological molecules into potent, broad-spectrum antiviral agents that merit further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Benzaria
- Laboratoire Coopératif Idenix-CNRS-Université Montpellier II, Montpellier, France
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10
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Hollecker L, Choo H, Chong Y, Chu CK, Lostia S, McBrayer TR, Stuyver LJ, Mason JC, Du J, Rachakonda S, Shi J, Schinazi RF, Watanabe KA. Synthesis of β-Enantiomers of N4-Hydroxy-3′-Deoxy-Pyrimidine Nucleosides and Their Evaluation against Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus and Hepatitis C Virus in Cell Culture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 15:43-55. [PMID: 15074714 DOI: 10.1177/095632020401500105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
N4-Hydroxycytidine (NHC) was recently reported to have anti-pestivirus and anti-hepacivirus activity. It is thought that this nucleoside acts as a weak alternative substrate for the hepatitis C virus (HCV) polymerase. In addition to NHC, 3′-deoxyuridine (3′-dU) was found to inhibit bovine diarrhoea virus (BVDV) production by 1 log10 at 37.2 μM. These initial findings prompted the synthesis of β-D and β-L analogues of (i) base-modified 3′-deoxy-NHC; (ii) 3′-deoxyuridine; and 3′-deoxycytidine. The antiviral activity of these 42 nucleosides was evaluated against BVDV and HCV bicistronic replicon in cell culture. Among the NHC analogues, the antiviral activity observed for the β-L-3′-deoxy-5-fluoro-derivative 1-(3-deoxy-β-L- erythro-pentofuranosyl)-5-fluoro-4-hydrox-yaminopyrimidin-2( 1H)-one and the β-D-3′-deoxy-5-iodo-derivative 1-(3-deoxy-β-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-5-iodocytosine in the replicon system (1 log10 reduction at 100 μM) was due to the concomitant toxicity towards intracellular ribosomal RNA levels (CC90 equal or lower than the EC90). In conclusion, none of the newly synthesized derivatives exhibited enhanced antiviral activity compared to the parent nucleoside NHC.
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McGuigan C, Jukes A, Blewett S, Barucki H, Erichsen JT, Andrei G, Snoeck R, De Clercq E, Balzarini J. Halophenyl Furanopyrimidines as Potent and Selective Anti-VZV Agents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 14:165-70. [PMID: 14521333 DOI: 10.1177/095632020301400306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Bicyclic furano pyrimidines have been previously reported by us to be highly potent and selective inhibitors of varicella zoster virus (VZV). p-Alkyl phenyl analogues are particularly potent with EC50 values below 1nM. In this article we report the synthesis and anti-VZV activity of a series of halophenyl analogues, with variation in the nature (F, Cl, Br) and location (o, m, p) of the halogen substituent. The compounds show a range of activities from ca. 10 nM to >50 μM. In most cases, ortho substitution leads to greatest activity, meta substitution is in general poor, and the effect of p-substitution shows a marked dependence on the halogen atom. The p-fluorophenyl compound is unique amongst compounds of this class in being inactive as an antiviral. The possible origins of these marked SARs are discussed.
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Panova N, Zborníková E, Šimák O, Pohl R, Kolář M, Bogdanová K, Večeřová R, Seydlová G, Fišer R, Hadravová R, Šanderová H, Vítovská D, Šiková M, Látal T, Lovecká P, Barvík I, Krásný L, Rejman D. Insights into the Mechanism of Action of Bactericidal Lipophosphonoxins. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145918. [PMID: 26716439 PMCID: PMC4696656 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The advantages offered by established antibiotics in the treatment of infectious diseases are endangered due to the increase in the number of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. This leads to a need for new antibacterial compounds. Recently, we discovered a series of compounds termed lipophosphonoxins (LPPOs) that exhibit selective cytotoxicity towards Gram-positive bacteria that include pathogens and resistant strains. For further development of these compounds, it was necessary to identify the mechanism of their action and characterize their interaction with eukaryotic cells/organisms in more detail. Here, we show that at their bactericidal concentrations LPPOs localize to the plasmatic membrane in bacteria but not in eukaryotes. In an in vitro system we demonstrate that LPPOs create pores in the membrane. This provides an explanation of their action in vivo where they cause serious damage of the cellular membrane, efflux of the cytosol, and cell disintegration. Further, we show that (i) LPPOs are not genotoxic as determined by the Ames test, (ii) do not cross a monolayer of Caco-2 cells, suggesting they are unable of transepithelial transport, (iii) are well tolerated by living mice when administered orally but not peritoneally, and (iv) are stable at low pH, indicating they could survive the acidic environment in the stomach. Finally, using one of the most potent LPPOs, we attempted and failed to select resistant strains against this compound while we were able to readily select resistant strains against a known antibiotic, rifampicin. In summary, LPPOs represent a new class of compounds with a potential for development as antibacterial agents for topical applications and perhaps also for treatment of gastrointestinal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya Panova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Zborníková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Šimák
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Pohl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Kolář
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Bogdanová
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Večeřová
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Seydlová
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 5, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Radovan Fišer
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 5, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Romana Hadravová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Šanderová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Dragana Vítovská
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Šiková
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Látal
- TRIOS, Ltd., Zakouřilova 142, Prague 4, 149 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Lovecká
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Barvík
- Division of Biomolecular Physics, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Krásný
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
- * E-mail: (DR); (LK)
| | - Dominik Rejman
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- * E-mail: (DR); (LK)
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Hartinger J, Veselý P, Netíková I, Matoušková E, Petruželka L. The protective effect of pyrimidine nucleosides on human HaCaT keratinocytes treated with 5-FU. Anticancer Res 2015; 35:1303-1310. [PMID: 25750279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and capecitabine is often complicated by skin toxicity (hand-foot syndrome, HFS). Topical application of uridine ointment is beneficial for alleviating HFS and other pyrimidine nucleosides have been described as 5-FU toxicity modulators. We tested pyrimidine nucleosides and their combinations to find the best combination for topical therapy of HFS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cellular viability was measured by the real-time cell analyser and methyl thiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay in order to evaluate the effect of pyrimidine nucleosides on HaCaT keratinocytes treated with 5-FU. The results were confirmed by evaluation of the cellular colonization by microphotography. RESULTS Cytidine and uridine protected keratinocytes to the same extent. Thymidine enhanced the protective effect when added to cytidine or uridine. Deoxycytidine did not have any protective effect. CONCLUSION Our findings support the rationale for using uridine or cytidine in combination with thymidine in ointment for HFS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Hartinger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, General Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Veselý
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Netíková
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, General Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Matoušková
- Prague Burn Centre, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Luboš Petruželka
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic Department of Oncology, General Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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Bu YY, Yamazaki H, Ukai K, Namikoshi M. Anti-mycobacterial nucleoside antibiotics from a marine-derived Streptomyces sp. TPU1236A. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:6102-12. [PMID: 25522318 PMCID: PMC4278220 DOI: 10.3390/md12126102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Five new nucleoside antibiotics, named streptcytosines A–E (1–5), and six known compounds, de-amosaminyl-cytosamine (6), plicacetin (7), bamicetin (8), amicetin (9), collismycin B (10), and SF2738 C (11), were isolated from a culture broth of Streptomyces sp. TPU1236A collected in Okinawa, Japan. The structures of new compounds were elucidated on the basis of their spectroscopic data (HRFABMS, IR, UV, and 2D NMR experiments including 1H-1H COSY, HMQC, HMBC, and NOESY spectra). Streptcytosine A (1) belonged to the amicetin group antibiotics, and streptcytosines B–E (2–5) were derivatives of de-amosaminyl-cytosamine (6), 2,3,6-trideoxyglucopyranosyl cytosine. Compound 1 inhibited the growth of Mycobacterium smegmatis (MIC = 32 µg/mL), while compounds 2–5 were not active at 50 µg/disc. Bamicetin (8) and amicetin (9) showed the MICs of 16 and 8 µg/mL, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Yue Bu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Yamazaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan.
| | - Kazuyo Ukai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan.
| | - Michio Namikoshi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan.
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Ivanov MA, Aleksandrova LA. [Bicyclic furano[2,3-D] derivatives of pyrimidine nucleosides--synthesis and antiviral properties]. Bioorg Khim 2013; 39:26-45. [PMID: 23844505 DOI: 10.1134/s1068162013010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The methods of synthesis of furano- and pyrrolo[2,3-dlpyrimidine nucleosides as well as structure activity relationship of obtained compounds towards viruses of varicella zoster, hepatitis C, bovine viral diarrhea and some others are reviewed.
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Meščić A, Krištafor S, Novaković I, Osmanović A, Müller U, Završnik D, Ametamey SM, Scapozza L, Raić-Malić S. C-5 hydroxyethyl and hydroxypropyl acyclonucleosides as substrates for thymidine kinase of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1 TK): syntheses and biological evaluation. Molecules 2013; 18:5104-24. [PMID: 23644977 PMCID: PMC6270122 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18055104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficient syntheses of 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)- and 5-(3-hydroxypropyl)-substituted pyrimidine derivatives bearing 2,3-dihydroxypropyl, acyclovir-, ganciclovir- and penciclovir-like side chains are reported. A synthetic approach that included the alkylation of an N-anionic-5-substituted pyrimidine intermediate (method A) provided the target acyclonucleosides in significantly higher overall yields in comparison to those obtained by method B using sylilation reaction. The phosphorylation assays of novel compounds as potential substrates for thymidine kinase of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1 TK) showed that solely pyrimidine 5-substituted acyclonucleosides with a penciclovir-like side chain acted as a fraudulent substrates of HSV-1 TK. Moreover, the uracil derivative with penciclovir-like side chain with less bulky 2-hydroxyethyl substituent at C-5 proved to be a better substrate than the corresponding one with a 3-hydroxypropyl substituent. Therefore, this acyclonucleoside was selected as a lead compound for the development of a positron emission tomography HSV-1 TK activity imaging agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrijana Meščić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; E-Mails: (A.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Svjetlana Krištafor
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; E-Mails: (A.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Ivana Novaković
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; E-Mails: (I.N.); (L.S.)
| | - Amar Osmanović
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 8, BIH-71 000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; E-Mails: (A.O.); (D.Z.)
| | - Ursina Müller
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Wolfgang-Pauli Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland; E-Mails: (U.M.); (S.M.A.)
| | - Davorka Završnik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 8, BIH-71 000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; E-Mails: (A.O.); (D.Z.)
| | - Simon M. Ametamey
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Wolfgang-Pauli Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland; E-Mails: (U.M.); (S.M.A.)
| | - Leonardo Scapozza
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; E-Mails: (I.N.); (L.S.)
| | - Silvana Raić-Malić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; E-Mails: (A.M.); (S.K.)
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Sun J, Yeung CA, Co NN, Tsang TY, Yau E, Luo K, Wu P, Wa JCY, Fung KP, Kwok TT, Liu F. Clitocine reversal of P-glycoprotein associated multi-drug resistance through down-regulation of transcription factor NF-κB in R-HepG2 cell line. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40720. [PMID: 22927901 PMCID: PMC3425549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance(MDR)is one of the major reasons for failure in cancer chemotherapy and its suppression may increase the efficacy of therapy. The human multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) gene encodes the plasma membrane P-glycoprotein (P-gp) that pumps various anti-cancer agents out of the cancer cell. R-HepG2 and MES-SA/Dx5 cells are doxorubicin induced P-gp over-expressed MDR sublines of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells and human uterine carcinoma MES-SA cells respectively. Herein, we observed that clitocine, a natural compound extracted from Leucopaxillus giganteus, presented similar cytotoxicity in multidrug resistant cell lines compared with their parental cell lines and significantly suppressed the expression of P-gp in R-HepG2 and MES-SA/Dx5 cells. Further study showed that the clitocine increased the sensitivity and intracellular accumulation of doxorubicin in R-HepG2 cells accompanying down-regulated MDR1 mRNA level and promoter activity, indicating the reversal effect of MDR by clitocine. A 5′-serial truncation analysis of the MDR1 promoter defined a region from position −450 to −193 to be critical for clitocine suppression of MDR1. Mutation of a consensus NF-κB binding site in the defined region and overexpression of NF-κB p65 could offset the suppression effect of clitocine on MDR1 promoter. By immunohistochemistry, clitocine was confirmed to suppress the protein levels of both P-gp and NF-κB p65 in R-HepG2 cells and tumors. Clitocine also inhibited the expression of NF-κB p65 in MES-SA/Dx5. More importantly, clitocine could suppress the NF-κB activation even in presence of doxorubicin. Taken together; our results suggested that clitocine could reverse P-gp associated MDR via down-regulation of NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Sun
- Zhejiang University, Research Centre of Siyuan Natural Pharmacy and Biotoxicology, College of Life Sciences, Zijinggang Campus, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang University, Joint centre of Zhejiang University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong on Natural Products and Toxicology Research, Zijinggang Campus, Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Chilam Au Yeung
- Zhejiang University, Joint centre of Zhejiang University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong on Natural Products and Toxicology Research, Zijinggang Campus, Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
- School of Biomedical Sciences (SBS), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Ngai Na Co
- Zhejiang University, Joint centre of Zhejiang University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong on Natural Products and Toxicology Research, Zijinggang Campus, Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
- School of Biomedical Sciences (SBS), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Tsun Yee Tsang
- Zhejiang University, Joint centre of Zhejiang University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong on Natural Products and Toxicology Research, Zijinggang Campus, Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
- School of Biomedical Sciences (SBS), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Esmond Yau
- Zhejiang University, Joint centre of Zhejiang University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong on Natural Products and Toxicology Research, Zijinggang Campus, Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
- School of Biomedical Sciences (SBS), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Kewang Luo
- Zhejiang University, Research Centre of Siyuan Natural Pharmacy and Biotoxicology, College of Life Sciences, Zijinggang Campus, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang University, Joint centre of Zhejiang University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong on Natural Products and Toxicology Research, Zijinggang Campus, Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Wu
- Zhejiang University, Research Centre of Siyuan Natural Pharmacy and Biotoxicology, College of Life Sciences, Zijinggang Campus, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang University, Joint centre of Zhejiang University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong on Natural Products and Toxicology Research, Zijinggang Campus, Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Judy Chan Yuet Wa
- Zhejiang University, Joint centre of Zhejiang University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong on Natural Products and Toxicology Research, Zijinggang Campus, Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
- School of Biomedical Sciences (SBS), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Kwok-Pui Fung
- Zhejiang University, Joint centre of Zhejiang University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong on Natural Products and Toxicology Research, Zijinggang Campus, Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
- School of Biomedical Sciences (SBS), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Tim-Tak Kwok
- Zhejiang University, Joint centre of Zhejiang University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong on Natural Products and Toxicology Research, Zijinggang Campus, Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
- School of Biomedical Sciences (SBS), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (FL); (TTK)
| | - Feiyan Liu
- Zhejiang University, Research Centre of Siyuan Natural Pharmacy and Biotoxicology, College of Life Sciences, Zijinggang Campus, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang University, Joint centre of Zhejiang University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong on Natural Products and Toxicology Research, Zijinggang Campus, Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (FL); (TTK)
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Bixby-Brosi AJ, Potter DA. Can a chitin-synthesis-inhibiting turfgrass fungicide enhance black cutworm susceptibility to a baculovirus? Pest Manag Sci 2012; 68:324-329. [PMID: 21815243 DOI: 10.1002/ps.2252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Revised: 06/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developmental resistance, i.e. reduced virulence and speed of kill of late instars, is a limiting factor in the use of baculoviruses for caterpillar control. Agrotis ipsilon multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (AgipMNPV) is highly infective to young black cutworms, Agrotis ipsilon, but too slow-acting against late instars for effective curative control on golf courses or sports fields. Chitin-synthesis-inhibiting fungicides containing the active ingredient polyoxin-d are used to control fungal diseases in turfgrass, and similar compounds have been shown in the laboratory to synergize baculoviruses by disrupting peritrophic membrane function. This study tested whether applying the virus together with such a fungicide can synergize AgipMNPV activity against A. ipsilon in turfgrass. RESULTS The addition of a chitin synthesis inhibitor failed to increase AgipMNPV infectivity to A. ipsilon in the field. Rather, delayed and slightly reduced mortality from viral infection was seen when larvae fed on fungicide/virus-treated grasses as opposed to virus-only treatments. Choice tests revealed the fungicide residues to be a mild feeding deterrent. CONCLUSION Because polyoxin-d does not deactivate AgipMNPV, the two substances are compatible. However, combination applications of polyoxin-d and Agip MNPV on turfgrass might interfere with larval ingestion of a lethal virus dose, resulting in prolonged larval feeding in the field.
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Cho SJ, Kim YJ, Surh YJ, Kim BM, Lee SK. Ibulocydine is a novel prodrug Cdk inhibitor that effectively induces apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:19662-71. [PMID: 21478145 PMCID: PMC3103345 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.209551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is frequently associated with abnormalities in cell cycle regulation, leading to increased activity of cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) due to the loss, or low expression of, Cdk inhibitors. In this study, we showed that ibulocydine (an isobutyrate prodrug of the specific Cdk inhibitor, BMK-Y101) is a candidate anti-cancer drug for HCC. Ibulocydine has high activity against Cdk7/cyclin H/Mat1 and Cdk9/cyclin T. Ibulocydine inhibited the growth of HCC cells more effectively than other Cdk inhibitors, including olomoucine and roscovitine, whereas ibulocydine as well as the other Cdk inhibitors and BMK-Y101 minimally influenced the growth of normal hepatocyte cells. Ibulocydine induced apoptosis in HCC cells, most likely by inhibiting Cdk7 and Cdk9. In vitro treatment of HCC cells with ibulocydine rapidly blocked phosphorylation of the carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II, a process mediated by Cdk7/9. Anti-apoptotic gene products such as Mcl-1, survivin, and X-linked IAP (XIAP) are crucial for the survival of many cell types, including HCC. Following the inhibition of RNA polymerase II phosphorylation, ibulocydine caused rapid down-regulation of Mcl-1, survivin, and XIAP, thus inducing apoptosis. Furthermore, ibulocydine effectively induced apoptosis in HCC xenografts with no toxic side effects. These results suggest that ibulocydine is a strong candidate anti-cancer drug for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Ju Cho
- From the Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, College of Pharmacy, The Research Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- From the Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, College of Pharmacy, The Research Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
| | - B. Moon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ki Lee
- From the Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, College of Pharmacy, The Research Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
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Staake M, Chauhan J, Zhou D, Shanker A, De Chatterjee A, Das S, Patterson SE. Phosphonoxins III: synthesis of α-aminophosphonate analogs of antifungal polyoxins with anti-Giardia activity. Org Lett 2010; 12:4596-9. [PMID: 20857975 PMCID: PMC2962623 DOI: 10.1021/ol101913t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A synthesis of α-aminophosphonate analogs of polyoxins, termed phosphonoxin C1, C2, and C3, has been achieved. The key step was the addition of lithium dimethyl phosphite to the aldehyde of a protected threose derivative. α-Hydroxyphosphonate analogs C4 and C5 were also obtained by taking advantage of an unprecedented conversion of an azide to hydroxyl during treatment with hydrogen on palladium on carbon. The resulting phosphonoxin C5 inhibited the growth of an intestinal protozoan, Giardia lamblia, at low micromolar concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Staake
- Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Jay Chauhan
- Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Ding Zhou
- Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Aaron Shanker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968-0519
| | - Atasi De Chatterjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968-0519
| | - Siddhartha Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968-0519
| | - Steven E. Patterson
- Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
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22
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McCormack JJ, Marquez VE, Liu PS, Vistica DT, Driscoll JS. Inhibition of cytidine deaminase by 2-oxopyrimidine riboside and related compounds. Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 29:830-2. [PMID: 20227965 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(80)90566-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/1979] [Accepted: 09/20/1979] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J J McCormack
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Biology, Division of Cancer Treatment, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20205, USA
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23
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Abdel-Rahman AAH, Zeid IF, Barakat HA, El-Sayed WA. Anti-hepatitis B virus activity of new substituted pyrimidine acyclic nucleoside analogues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 64:767-72. [PMID: 20158143 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2009-11-1202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A number of N-substituted pyrimidine acyclic nucleosides were synthesized by coupling reaction of 2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethyl acetate or (2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate with the corresponding base followed by deprotection. The synthesized compounds were tested for their antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus (HBV). The plaque reduction infectivity assay was used to determine virus count reduction as a result of treatment with the synthesized compounds which showed moderate to high antiviral activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel A-H Abdel-Rahman
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Koam, Egypt.
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24
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Kang J, Lee DK, Lee CH. Cell cycle arrest and cytochrome c-mediated apoptotic induction in human lung cancer A549 cells by MCS-C2, an analogue of sangivamycin. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 20:433-437. [PMID: 20208452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In the course of our screening for novel modulators on cell cycle progression and apoptosis as anticancer drug candidates, we generated an analogue of sangivamycin, MCS-C2, designated as 4-amino-6-bromo-7-cyclopentyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide. This study was aimed to evaluate the molecular mechanisms on cell cycle arrest and apoptotic induction of MCS-C2 in human lung cancer A549 cells. To investigate the effects of MCS-C2 on cell cycle progression in A549 cells, we measured DNA content of A549 cells treated with 5 microM of HY253 using flow cytometric analysis. The flow cytometric analysis revealed an appreciable G(2) phase arrest in A549 cells treated with 5 micronM of MCS-C2. This MCS-C2-induced G(2) phase arrest is associated with significant up-regulation of p53 and p21(Cip1) in A549 cells. Furthermore, TUNEL assay was used to examine apoptotic induction in A549 cells treated with 5 microM of MCS-C2 for 48 h. In addition, the effects of MCS-C2 on apoptosis-associated proteins in A549 cells were examined using Western blot analysis. The apoptotic induction in MCS-C2-treated A549 cells is associated with cytochrome c release from mitochondria which in turn resulted in the activation of caspase-9 and -3, and the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). In conclusion, based on these results, we suggest that MCS-C2 may be a potent cancer chemotherapeutic candidate for use in treating human lung cancer cells via up-regulation and activation of p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghwa Kang
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
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25
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Boyer PL, Vu BC, Ambrose Z, Julias JG, Warnecke S, Liao C, Meier C, Marquez VE, Hughes SH. The nucleoside analogue D-carba T blocks HIV-1 reverse transcription. J Med Chem 2009; 52:5356-64. [PMID: 19678643 PMCID: PMC2756836 DOI: 10.1021/jm801176e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A major pathway for HIV-1 resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) involves reverse transcriptase (RT) mutations that enhance ATP-dependent pyrophosphorolysis, which excises NRTIs from the end of viral DNA. We analyzed novel NRTIs for their ability to inhibit DNA synthesis of excision-proficient HIV-1 RT mutants. D-carba T is a carbocyclic nucleoside that has a 3' hydroxyl on the pseudosugar. The 3' hydroxyl group allows RT to incorporate additional dNTPs, which should protect D-carba TMP from excision. D-carba T can be converted to the triphosphate form by host cell kinases with moderate efficiency. D-carba T-TP is efficiently incorporated by HIV-1 RT; however, the next dNTP is added slowly to a D-carba TMP at the primer terminus. D-carba T effectively inhibits viral vectors that replicate using NRTI-resistant HIV-1 RTs, and there is no obvious toxicity in cultured cells. NRTIs based on the carbocyclic pseudosugar may offer an effective approach for the treatment of HIV-1 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L. Boyer
- HIV Drug Resistance Program, NCI-Frederick, PO Box B 539/130, Frederick, MD. 21702
| | - B. Christie Vu
- HIV Drug Resistance Program, NCI-Frederick, PO Box B 539/130, Frederick, MD. 21702
| | - Zandrea Ambrose
- HIV Drug Resistance Program, NCI-Frederick, PO Box B 539/130, Frederick, MD. 21702
| | | | - Svenja Warnecke
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Chenzhong Liao
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, NCI-Frederick, PO Box B, 376/104, Frederick, MD. 21702
| | - Chris Meier
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Victor E. Marquez
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, NCI-Frederick, PO Box B, 376/104, Frederick, MD. 21702
| | - Stephen H. Hughes
- HIV Drug Resistance Program, NCI-Frederick, PO Box B 539/130, Frederick, MD. 21702
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26
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Hopper-Borge E, Xu X, Shen T, Shi Z, Chen ZS, Kruh GD. Human multidrug resistance protein 7 (ABCC10) is a resistance factor for nucleoside analogues and epothilone B. Cancer Res 2009; 69:178-84. [PMID: 19118001 PMCID: PMC2745904 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-1420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance protein 7 (MRP7; ABCC10) is an ATP-binding cassette transporter which is able to transport amphipathic anions and confer resistance to docetaxel and, to a lesser extent, vincristine and paclitaxel. Whereas some detail on the resistance profile of MRP7 is known, the activities of the pump have not been completely determined. Here, it is shown by the analysis of MRP7-transfected HEK293 cells that, in addition to natural product agents, MRP7 is also able to confer resistance to nucleoside-based agents, such as the anticancer agents cytarabine (Ara-C) and gemcitabine, and the antiviral agents 2',3'-dideoxycytidine and PMEA. Consistent with the operation of an efflux pump, expression of MRP7 reduced the accumulation of Ara-C and PMEA. In addition, MRP7 is also able to confer resistance to the microtubule-stabilizing agent epothilone B. Ectopic expression of MRP7 in mouse embryo fibroblasts deficient in P-glycoprotein and Mrp1 revealed that MRP7 has a broad resistance profile for natural product agents. In this drug-sensitive cellular background, MRP7 conferred high levels of resistance to docetaxel (46-fold), paclitaxel (116-fold), SN-38 (65-fold), daunorubicin (7.5-fold), etoposide (11-fold), and vincristine (56-fold). Buthionine sulfoximine did not attenuate MRP7-conferred resistance to docetaxel or Ara-C. These experiments indicate that the resistance capabilities of MRP7 include nucleoside-based agents and a range of natural product anticancer agents that includes nontaxane antimicrotubule agents that are not susceptible to P-glycoprotein-mediated transport and that, unlike MRP1 and MRP2, MRP7-mediated drug transport does not involve glutathione.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Hopper-Borge
- Medical and Basic Science Divisions, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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27
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Bronckaers A, Balzarini J, Liekens S. The cytostatic activity of pyrimidine nucleosides is strongly modulated by Mycoplasma hyorhinis infection: Implications for cancer therapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2008; 76:188-97. [PMID: 18555978 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2008.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2008] [Revised: 04/29/2008] [Accepted: 04/30/2008] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nucleoside analogues are widely used as chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of cancer. Several cancers are reported to be associated with mycoplasmas (i.e. Mycoplasma hyorhinis), which contain a number of nucleoside-metabolizing enzymes. Pyrimidine nucleoside analogues, such as 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FdUrd), 5-trifluorothymidine (TFT) and 5-halogenated 2'-deoxyuridines can be degraded by thymidine phosphorylase (TP) to their inactive bases. We found in M. hyorhinis-infected MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells (MCF-7/HYOR) a mycoplasma-encoded TP that dramatically (20-150-fold) reduces the cytostatic activity of these compounds. The reduction in cytostatic activity could be fully restored in the presence of TPI (5-chloro-6-[1-(2-iminopyrrolidinyl)methyl]uracil hydrochloride), a known inhibitor of human TP. This observation is in agreement with the markedly decreased formation of active metabolite (i.e. FdUMP for FdUrd) or diminished drug incorporation into nucleic acids (i.e. for TFT and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine) in MCF-7/HYOR cells compared with uninfected MCF-7 cells. Antimetabolite formation is fully restored in the presence of TPI. In contrast, 5-fluoro-5'-deoxyuridine (5'DFUR), an intermediate metabolite of capecitabine, was markedly more cytostatic in MCF-7/HYOR cells than in uninfected cells, due to the activation of this prodrug by the mycoplasma-encoded TP. Thus, our data reveal that M. hyorhinis expresses a TP that activates 5'DFUR but inactivates FdUrd, TFT and 5-halogenated 2'-deoxyuridines, and that is highly sensitive to the inhibitory effect of the TP inhibitor TPI. Given the association of M. hyorhinis with several human cancers, our findings suggest that pyrimidine nucleoside-based but not 5FU-based anti-cancer therapy might be more effective when combined with a mycoplasmal TP inhibitor.
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Vargas G, Escalona IS, Salas M, Gordillo B, Sierra A. Synthesis and RT inhibitory activity evaluation of new pyrimidine-based seco-nucleosides. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2008; 25:243-57. [PMID: 16629118 DOI: 10.1080/15257770500446931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Eleven new 3',4'-seco acyclic nucleosides (4-14) were prepared by nucleophilic substitution of protected pyrimidine bases on ethyl 3,3-diethoxypropanoate (3). Structures were characterized spectroscopically and a brief analysis of their conformation in solution was performed by the vicinal coupling constants (3)JH2'aH3' and (3)JH2'bH3'. In solid state, compound 6 forms a homodimer linked by hydrogen bonding. In preliminary tests all compounds show low toxicity and gentle activity against HIV-1 RT in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genaro Vargas
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, DF México
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29
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Wittine K, Benci K, Pavelić SK, Pavelić K, Mintas M. The novel unsaturated acyclic nucleoside analogues: cytostatic and antiviral activity evaluations. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser (Oxf) 2008; 52:601-602. [PMID: 18776523 DOI: 10.1093/nass/nrn304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The novel pyrimidine (3-6) and purine (12-19) acyclic nucleoside analogues containing (Z) 4-amino or 4-aminohydrochloride-2-butenyl side chain (Fig.) were synthesized to evaluate their antiviral and cytostatic activity potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlo Wittine
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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30
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Zhu KY, Heise S, Zhang J, Anderson TD, Starkey SR. Comparative studies on effects of three chitin synthesis inhibitors on common malaria mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae). J Med Entomol 2007; 44:1047-1053. [PMID: 18047205 DOI: 10.1603/0022-2585(2007)44[1047:csoeot]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Toxicities of three chitin synthesis inhibitors (diflubenzuron, nikkomycin Z and polyoxin D) were evaluated using second instars of the common malaria mosquito, Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae). Neither nikkomycin Z nor polyoxin D at 50 microg/liter caused significant larval mortality, although they reduced the body weight of the survivors by 20.5 and 33.8%, respectively, in 48 h. In contrast, exposures of the larvae to diflubenzuron at 12.5 microg/liter for 48 h resulted in 86.7% larval mortality and reduced the body weight of the survivors by 29.1%. Exposure of the pupae (<12 h old) to diflubenzuron at 100 microg/liter for 48 h caused 18.9% pupal mortality and consequently reduced the adult emergence by 24.7% from the surviving pupae. Furthermore, exposure of third instars to diflubenzuron at 4, 20, 100, and 500 microg/liter for 24 h resulted in the reduction of larval chitin contents by 4.25, 33.2, 35.2, and 57.7%, respectively. Such an effect seemed to be associated with only cuticular chitin synthesis because the same exposures did not significantly affect chitin contents in the guts. Our results indicated that diflubenzuron was highly toxic to second instars by not only causing high larval mortality but also by affecting their growth. Diflubenzuron was also fairly toxic to pupae by not only causing pupal mortality but also affecting the adult emergence. Our results suggest that diflubenzuron might affect only chitin synthesis in the cuticle but not in the peritrophic matrix, which is probably due to diflubenzuron's direct contact to mosquito larvae in water, slow distribution in insect body, rapid degradation in the insect gut, or a combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yan Zhu
- Department of Entomology, 123 Waters Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
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Sriharsha SN, Pai KSR, Shashikanth S, Chandra N, Prabhu KR. Synthesis, Docking and Anti-Tumor Activity of β-L-1,3-Thiazolidine Pyrimidine Nucleoside Analogues. Med Chem 2007; 3:425-32. [PMID: 17897066 DOI: 10.2174/157340607781745500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the search for effective, selective, and nontoxic antiviral and antitumor agents, a variety of strategies have been devised to design nucleoside analogues. Here we have described the versatile synthesis of beta-L-1,3-thiazolidine nucleoside analogues. These analogues are all derived from the key stereochemically defined intermediate N-tert-butoxy-carbonyl-4-hydroxymethyl-1,3-thiazolidine-2-ol which was accessible in 57% yield starting from L-Cysteine methylester hydrochloride. N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-2-acyloxy-4-trityloxymethyl-1,3-thiazolidine was coupled with the pyrimidine bases in the presence of Lewis acids stannic chloride or trimethyl silyl triflate following Vorbruggen procedure. Proof of the structure and configuration was obtained through (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, Mass, elemental analysis and NOE experiments. Docking and antitumor activity of these nucleoside analogues are also reported.
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Kang TH, Hwang EI, Yun BS, Park KD, Kwon BM, Shin CS, Kim SU. Inhibition of chitin synthases and antifungal activities by 2'-benzoyloxycinnamaldehyde from Pleuropterus ciliinervis and its derivatives. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 30:598-602. [PMID: 17329866 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.30.598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the course of search for potent chitin synthase inhibitors from natural resources, a novel chitin synthases inhibitor, 2'-benzoyloxycinnamaldehyde (2'-BCA) (I), was isolated from the aerial parts of Pleuropterus ciliinervis NAKAI. 2'-BCA inhibited chitin synthase 1 and 2 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with the IC50s of 54.9 and 70.8 microg/ml, respectively, whereas it exhibited no inhibitory activity for chitin synthase 3 up to 280 microg/ml. Its derivatives, 2'-chloro- (V) and 2(-bromo-cinnamaldehyde (VI), each showed 1.9 and 2.7-fold stronger inhibitory activities than 2'-BCA, with the IC50s of 37.2 and 26.6 microg/ml, respectively. Especially, the IC50 of compound VI against chitin synthase 2 represented 1.7-fold more potent inhibitory activity than polyoxin D, a well-known chitin synthase inhibitor. Furthermore, compounds V and VI showed potent antifungal activities against various fungi including human pathogenic fungi, with a particularly strong inhibitory activity against Cryptococcus neoformans (MIC = 16 microg/ml). Although the chemical synthesis of this compound has been reported, the present study is the first report to describe the isolation of 2'-BCA from natural resources and chitin synthases inhibitory activities of its derivatives. These results suggested that 2'-BCA and its derivatives can potentially serve as useful lead compounds for development of antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hoon Kang
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
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Talukdar A, Illarionov B, Bacher A, Fischer M, Cushman M. Synthesis and Enzyme Inhibitory Activity of the S-Nucleoside Analogue of the Ribitylaminopyrimidine Substrate of Lumazine Synthase and Product of Riboflavin Synthase. J Org Chem 2007; 72:7167-75. [PMID: 17696548 DOI: 10.1021/jo0709495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lumazine synthase and riboflavin synthase catalyze the last two steps in the biosynthesis of riboflavin. To obtain structural and mechanistic probes of these two enzymes, as well as inhibitors of potential value as antibiotics, a sulfur analogue of the pyrimidine substrate of the lumazine synthase-catalyzed reaction and product of the riboflavin synthase-catalyzed reaction was designed. Facile syntheses of the S-nucleoside 5-amino-6-(D-ribitylthio)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione hydrochloride (15) and its nitro precursor 5-nitro-6-(D-ribitylthio)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (14) are described. These compounds were tested against lumazine synthase and riboflavin synthase obtained from a variety of microorganisms. Compounds 14 and 15 were found to be inhibitors of both riboflavin synthase and lumazine synthase. Compound 14 is an inhibitor of Bacillus subtilis lumazine synthase (Ki 26 microM), Schizosaccharomyces pombe lumazine synthase (Ki 2.0 microM), Mycobacterium tuberculosis lumazine synthase (Ki 11 microM), Escherichia coli riboflavin synthase (Ki 2.7 microM), and Mycobacterium tuberculosis riboflavin synthase (Ki 0.56 muM), while compound 15 is an inhibitor of B. subtilis lumazine synthase (Ki 2.6 microM), S. pombe lumazine synthase (Ki 0.16 microM), M. tuberculosis lumazine synthase (Ki 31 microM), E. coli riboflavin synthase (Ki 47 microM), and M. tuberculosis riboflavin synthase (Ki 2.5 microM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Talukdar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Purdue Cancer Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Robins MJ, Nowak I, Rajwanshi VK, Miranda K, Cannon JF, Peterson MA, Andrei G, Snoeck R, De Clercq E, Balzarini J. Synthesis and Antiviral Evaluation of 6-(Alkyl-heteroaryl)furo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2(3H)-one Nucleosides and Analogues with Ethynyl, Ethenyl, and Ethyl Spacers at C6 of the Furopyrimidine Core. J Med Chem 2007; 50:3897-905. [PMID: 17622128 DOI: 10.1021/jm070210n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sonogashira coupling strategies were employed to synthesize new furo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2(3H)-one (FuPyrm) 2'-deoxynucleoside analogues. Partial or complete reduction of ethyne-linked compounds afforded ethenyl- and ethyl-linked derivatives. Levels of inhibition of varicella-zoster virus (VZV), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a broad range of other DNA and RNA viruses, and several cancer cell lines were evaluated in cell cultures. The anti-VZV potency decreased with increasing rigidity of the side chain at C6 of the FuPyrm ring in the order dec-1-yn-1-yl < dec-1-en-1-yl < decan-1-yl. In contrast, compounds with a rigid ethynyl spacer between C6 of the FuPyrm ring and a 4-alkylphenyl moiety were more potent inhibitors of VZV than the corresponding derivatives with an ethyl spacer. Replacement of the phenyl moiety in 6-(4-alkylphenyl) derivatives with a pyridine ring (in either regioisomeric orientation) gave analogues with increased solubility in methanol but reduced anti-VZV potency, and replacement with a pyrimidine ring reduced the anti-VZV activity even further. The pyridine-ring-containing analogues were approximately 20-fold more potent inhibitors of VZV than acyclovir but were approximately 6-fold less potent than BVDU and approximately 60-fold weaker than the most active 6-(4-pentylphenyl)-substituted prototype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morris J Robins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602-5700, USA.
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Johar M, Manning T, Tse C, Desroches N, Agrawal B, Kunimoto DY, Kumar R. Growth Inhibition of Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium In Vitro: Effect of 1-β-d-2‘-Arabinofuranosyl and 1-(2‘-Deoxy-2‘-fluoro-β-d-2‘-ribofuranosyl) Pyrimidine Nucleoside Analogs. J Med Chem 2007; 50:3696-705. [PMID: 17602465 DOI: 10.1021/jm0703901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The resurgence of tuberculosis and the emergence of multiple-drug-resistant strains of Mycobacteria necessitate the search for new classes of antimycobacterial agents. We synthesized a series of 1-beta-D-2'-arabinofuranosyl and 1-(2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-D-ribofuranosyl) pyrimidine nucleosides possessing diverse sets of alkynyl, alkenyl, alkyl, and halo substituents at the C-5 position of the uracil and investigated their effect on activity against M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, and M. avium. Among these molecules, 5-alkynyl-substituted derivatives emerged as potent inhibitors of M. bovis, M. tuberculosis, and M. avium. Nucleosides 1-beta-D-2'-arabinofuranosyl-5-dodecynyluracil (5), 1-(2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-5-dodecynyluracil (24), and 1-(2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-5-tetradecynyluracil (25) showed the highest antimycobacterial potency against M. bovis and M. tuberculosis. The MIC90 exhibited by compounds 5, 24, and 25 was similar or close to that of the reference drug rifampicin. The most active compounds 5, 24, and 25 were also found to retain sensitivity against a rifampicin-resistant strain of M. tuberculosis H37Rv at similar concentrations. Some of these analogs also revealed in vitro antimicrobial effect against several other gram-positive pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Johar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, 1-71 Medical Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2H7
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Chiacchio U, Rescifina A, Iannazzo D, Piperno A, Romeo R, Borrello L, Sciortino MT, Balestrieri E, Macchi B, Mastino A, Romeo G. Phosphonated Carbocyclic 2‘-Oxa-3‘-azanucleosides as New Antiretroviral Agents. J Med Chem 2007; 50:3747-50. [PMID: 17580846 DOI: 10.1021/jm070285r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Phosphonated carbocyclic 2'-oxa-3'-azanucleosides have been synthesized and tested for their antiretroviral activity. The obtained results have shown that some of the compounds were as powerful as azydothymidine in inhibiting the reverse transcriptase activity of the human retrovirus T-cell leukemia/lymphotropic virus type 1 and in protecting human peripheral blood mononuclear cells against human retrovirus T-cell leukemia/lymphotropic virus type 1 transmission in vitro. These data indicate that phosphonated carbocyclic 2'-oxa-3'-azanucleosides possess the necessary requirements to efficiently counteract infections caused by human retroviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Chiacchio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, Catania 95125, Italy
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37
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Shamroukh AH, Zaki MEA, Morsy EMH, Abdel-Motti FM, Abdel-Megeid FME. Synthesis of Pyrazolo[4′,3′:5,6]pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine Derivatives for Antiviral Evaluation. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2007; 340:236-43. [PMID: 17464958 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.200700005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
6-Amino-3-methyl-4-(4-nitrophenyl)-2,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitrile (1) was used as a precursor for preparation of some novel 3,7-dimethyl-4-(4-nitrophenyl)-2,4-dihydropyrazolo[4',3':5,6]pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives 3-6, and some of their corresponding N(2)- and C(5)-S-acyclic nucleosides 7 and 8. Furthermore, the preparation of 5-amino-1-[3,7-dimethyl-4-(4-nitrophenyl)-2,4-dihydropyrazolo[4',3':5,6]pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-1H-pyrazole derivatives 10-16 were described. Some of the prepared products were selected and tested for antiviral activity against Herpes Simplex Virus type-1 (HSV-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H Shamroukh
- Photochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
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38
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Lee SA, Jung M. The Nucleoside Analog Sangivamycin Induces Apoptotic Cell Death in Breast Carcinoma MCF7/Adriamycin-resistant Cells via Protein Kinase Cδ and JNK Activation. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:15271-83. [PMID: 17371872 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m701362200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sangivamycin has shown a potent antiproliferative activity against a variety of human cancers. However, little is known about the mechanism of action underlying its antitumor activity. Here we demonstrate that sangivamycin has differential antitumor effects in drug-sensitive MCF7/wild type (WT) cells, causing growth arrest, and in multidrug-resistant MCF7/adriamycin-resistant (ADR) human breast carcinoma cells, causing massive apoptotic cell death. Comparisons between the effects of sangivamycin on these two cell lines allowed us to identify the mechanism underlying the apoptotic antitumor effect. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis indicated that sangivamycin induced cell cycle arrest in the G(2)/M phase in MCF7/ADR cells. A marked induction of c-Jun expression as well as phosphorylation of c-Jun and JNK was observed after sangivamycin treatment of MCF7/ADR cells but not MCF7/WT cells. Sangivamycin also induced cleavage of lamin A and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in MCF7/ADR cells, probably via activation of caspase-6, -7, and -9. Pretreatment with a caspase-9-specific inhibitor or pan-caspase inhibitor abolished sangivamycin-induced cleavage of lamin A and PARP but not sangivamycin induction of c-Jun expression and phosphorylation. Pretreatment of MCF7/ADR cells with SP600125, a specific inhibitor of JNK, or with rottlerin, a specific inhibitor of protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta), significantly reduced the sangivamycin-induced apoptosis and almost completely abolished sangivamycin-induced phosphorylation of c-Jun and cleavage of lamin A and PARP. Transfection of MCF7/ADR cells with PKCdelta small interfering RNAs or PKCdelta antibody or rottlerin pretreatment significantly suppressed the phosphorylation of JNK. Taken together, our data suggest that sangivamycin induces mitochondria-mediated apoptotic cell death of MCF7/ADR cells via activation of JNK in a protein kinase Cdelta-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung A Lee
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057-1482, USA
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39
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Lebeau I, Andrei G, Krecmerová M, De Clercq E, Holy A, Snoeck R. Inhibitory activities of three classes of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates against murine polyomavirus and primate simian virus 40 strains. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51:2268-73. [PMID: 17420214 PMCID: PMC1891398 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01422-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Murine polyomavirus and simian virus 40 were used to evaluate the potencies of the compounds of three classes of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates: (i) the original HPMP (3-hydroxy-2-phosphonomethoxypropyl) and PME (2-phosphonomethoxyethyl) derivatives, (ii) the 6-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)alkoxy]-2,4-diaminopyrimidine (DAPy) derivatives, and (iii) a new class of HPMP derivatives containing a 5-azacytosine moiety. The last class showed the highest activities and selectivities against both polyomaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Lebeau
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, K.U. Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, Leuven, Belgium
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40
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Chung HJ, Lee JH, Woo SJ, Park HK, Koo CH, Lee MG. Pharmacokinetics of L-FMAUS, a new antiviral agent, after intravenous and oral administration to rats: contribution of gastrointestinal first-pass effect to low bioavailability. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2007; 28:187-97. [PMID: 17377948 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of L-FMAUS after intravenous and oral administration (20, 50 and 100 mg/kg) to rats, gastrointestinal first-pass effect of L-FMAUS (50 mg/kg) in rats, in vitro stability of L-FMAUS, blood partition of L-FMAUS between plasma and blood cells of rat blood, and protein binding of L-FMAUS to 4% human serum albumin were evaluated. L-FMAUS is being evaluated in a preclinical study as a novel antiviral agent. Although the dose-normalized AUC values of L-FMAUS were not significantly different among the three doses after intravenous and oral administration, no trend was apparent between the dose and dose-normalized AUC. After oral administration of L-FMAUS (50 mg/kg), approximately 2.37% of the oral dose was not absorbed, and the extent of absolute oral bioavailability (F) was approximately 11.5%. The gastrointestinal first-pass effect was approximately 85% of the oral dose. The first-pass effects of L-FMAUS in the lung, heart and liver were almost negligible, if any, in rats. Hence, the small F of L-FMAUS in rats was mainly due to the considerable gastrointestinal first-pass effect. L-FMAUS was stable in rat gastric juices. The plasma-to-blood cells partition ratio of L-FMAUS was 2.17 in rat blood. The plasma protein binding of L-FMAUS in rats was 98.6%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye J Chung
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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41
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Brunelle MN, Lucifora J, Neyts J, Villet S, Holy A, Trepo C, Zoulim F. In vitro activity of 2,4-diamino-6-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethoxy]-pyrimidine against multidrug-resistant hepatitis B virus mutants. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51:2240-3. [PMID: 17371827 PMCID: PMC1891401 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01440-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The susceptibilities of drug-resistant hepatitis B virus (HBV) mutants to lamivudine, adefovir, tenofovir, entecavir, and 2,4-diamino-6-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethoxy]-pyrimidine (PMEO-DAPym), a novel acyclic pyrimidine analogue, were assessed in vitro. Most drug-resistant mutants, including multidrug-resistant strains, remained sensitive to tenofovir and PMEO-DAPym. Therefore, the latter molecule deserves further evaluation for the treatment of HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Brunelle
- INSERM, U871, 151 Cours Albert Thomas, 69424 Lyon cedex 03, France
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42
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Abstract
In this communication, we report the solution state NMR structure determination of the peptidyl transferase RNA inhibitor antibiotic amicetin. We have successfully characterised the NMR spectrum of amicetin using a range of homo- and heteronuclear NMR techniques. Using experimental ROE-based distance and 1H--1H scalar coupling derived dihedral angle geometrical constraints as input into the three-dimensional structure determination protocol, we have generated an energy-minimised average structure of the antibiotic. Amicetin adopts a stable well-folded conformation in solution, mediated by a network of hydrogen bonds caused by proton donor and acceptor groups at either end of the molecule. The NMR structure of amicetin shows that the cytosine moiety occupies the critical turn position within the fold, which may be structurally significant for interaction with peptidyl transferase ribosomal RNA. The structure is distinctly different from the published X-ray crystal structure of amicetin in which it adopts a linear, extended chain-like conformation with a number of intermolecular hydrogen bonds. In addition to structure, we have probed the dynamics of amicetin in solution and have observed retarded exchange of the amide proton involved in folding. We have also characterised the ionisation properties of amicetin by carrying out NMR pH titration and measuring the pKa of the primary and tertiary amino groups, 7.27 and 7.52, respectively, which are in agreement with the reported values in literature. Solving the NMR structure of amicetin provides a valuable opportunity to determine the structure of its complex with RNA in solution state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Shammas
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, P.O. Box 88, Faraday Building, Sackville Street, Manchester, M60 1QD, United Kingdom
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43
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Allan AL, Gladstone PL, Price MLP, Hopkins SA, Juarez JC, Doñate F, Ternansky RJ, Shaw DE, Ganem B, Li Y, Wang W, Ealick S. Synthesis and Evaluation of Multisubstrate Bicyclic Pyrimidine Nucleoside Inhibitors of Human Thymidine Phosphorylase. J Med Chem 2006; 49:7807-15. [PMID: 17181163 DOI: 10.1021/jm060428u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel, multisubstrate, bicyclic pyrimidine nucleoside inhibitors of human thymidine phosphorylase (TP) is described. Thymidine phosphorylase has been implicated in angiogenesis and plays a significant role in tumor progression and metastasis. The presence and orientation of the phosphonate moiety (acting as a phosphate mimic) in these derivatives were critical for inhibitory activity. The most active compounds possessed a phosphonate group in an endo orientation. This was consistent with molecular modeling results that showed the endo isomer protein-ligand complex to be lower in energy than the exo complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Allan
- Attenuon, LLC, 11535 Sorrento Valley Road Suite 401, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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44
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Sriharsha SN, Satish S, Shashikanth S, Raveesha KA. Design, synthesis and antibacterial activity of novel 1,3-thiazolidine pyrimidine nucleoside analogues. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:7476-81. [PMID: 16890445 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2006] [Revised: 07/03/2006] [Accepted: 07/07/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a new class of 1,3-thiazolidine nucleoside analogues in which furanose oxygen atom was replaced with nitrogen atom and 2'-carbon atom with sulfur atom is described. N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-2-acyloxy-4-trityloxymethyl-1,3-thiazolidine was coupled with the pyrimidine bases like uracil, thymine, etc. in the presence of lewis acids stannic chloride or trimethyl silyl triflate following Vorbruggen procedure. The antibacterial activity of the novel 1,3-thiazolidine pyrimidine nucleoside analogues is highlighted. All compounds (7a-e) with free NH group in the pyrimidine moiety showed significant biological activity against all the standard strains used and in that compounds 7d and 7e showed significant activity against 14 human pathogens tested.
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45
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Abstract
Several new classes of antiviral drugs are undergoing development and should change the way that hepatitis C virus infection is treated in the future. It is likely that combinations of drugs that target different points in the viral replication and disease processes will prove most successful. It is hoped that such combinations will improve the efficacy, tolerability, and duration of antiviral treatment for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary L Davis
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor University Medical Center, 4 Roberts, 3500 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, TX 75246, USA.
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46
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Ashry ESHE, Rashed N, Abdel-Rahman A, Awad LF, Rasheed HA. Synthesis of 2-bromomethyl-3-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-propyl pyrimidine and theophylline nucleosides under microwave irradiation. Evaluation of their activity against hepatitis B virus. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2006; 25:925-39. [PMID: 16901823 DOI: 10.1080/15257770600793919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Alkylation of 2-methylthiopyrimidin-4(1H)-one (1a) and its 5(6)-alkyl derivatives 1b-d as well as theophylline (7) with 2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-diacetoxypropane (2) under microwave irradiation gave the corresponding acyclonucleosides 1-[(3-acetoxy-2-acetoxymethyl-2-bromomethyl)prop-1-yl]-2-methyl-thio pyrmidin-4(1H)-ones 3a-d and 7-[(3-acetoxy-2-acetoxymethyl-2-bromomethyl)prop-1-yl]theophylline (8), which upon further irradiation gave the double-headed acyclonucleosides 1,1 '-[(2,2-diacetoxymethyl)-1,3-propylidene]-bis[(2-(methylthio)-pyrimidin-4(1H)-ones] 4a-c, and 7,7 '-[(2,2-diacetoxymethyl)-1,3-propylidene]-bis(theophylline) (9). The deacetylated derivatives were obtained by the action of sodium methoxide. The activity of deacetylated nucleosides against Hepatitis B virus was evaluated. Compound 5b showed moderate inhibition activity against HBV with mild cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S H El Ashry
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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47
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Kim A, Hong JH. Synthesis and antiviral evaluation of novel 5'-norcarboacyclic phosphonic acid nucleosides. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2006; 25:941-50. [PMID: 16901824 DOI: 10.1080/15257770600793927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This article describes a very simple route for synthesizing a novel 5'-norcarboacyclic nucleotides. The condensation of the mesylates 17 and 18 with the natural nucleosidic bases (A,U,T,C) under standard nucleophilic substitution (K2CO3, 18-Crown-6, DMF) and deprotection afforded the target nucleotide analogues 27-34. In addition, these compounds were evaluated for their antiviral properties against various viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Kwangju, Republic of Korea
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48
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Moukha-Chafiq O, Taha ML, Lazrek HB, Vasseur JJ, Clercq ED. Synthesis and antiviral activity of some C2-, C4-, and C6-substituted pyrazolo[3,4-D]pyrimidine acyclonucleosides with the alkylating chains of ACV, HBG, and ISO-DHPG. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2006; 25:849-60. [PMID: 16901816 DOI: 10.1080/15257770600793802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A useful route to obtain trisubstituted pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines 14-17 is described. Those later were coupled with the alkylating agents 18-20 as in ACV, HBG, and iso-DHPG to give, after deprotection, the desired acylonucleosides 33-44. Almost all of the new compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory effects against the replication of various DNA viruses in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Moukha-Chafiq
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bio-Organique, Faculte des Sciences, Agadir, Maroc
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49
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Oh CH, Kim JW, Hong JH. Simple synthesis and anti-HIV activity of novel 3'-vinyl branched apiosyl pyrimidine nucleosides. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2006; 25:871-8. [PMID: 16901819 DOI: 10.1080/15257770600793869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Novel vinyl branched apiosyl nucleosides were synthesized in this study. Apiosyl sugar moiety was constructed by sequential ozonolysis and reductions. The bases (uracil and thymine) were efficiently coupled by glycosyl condensation procedure (persilyated base and TMSOTf). The antiviral activities of the synthesized compounds were evaluated against the HIV-1, HSV-1, HSV-2, and HCMV. Compound 10beta displayed moderate anti-HIV activity (EC50 = 17.3 microg/mL) without exhibiting any cytotoxicity up to 100 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hyun Oh
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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50
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Torrence PF, Fan X, Zhang X, Loiseau PM. Structurally diverse 5-substituted pyrimidine nucleosides as inhibitors of Leishmania donovani promastigotes in vitro. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:5047-51. [PMID: 16879965 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2006] [Revised: 07/11/2006] [Accepted: 07/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The following structurally diverse 5-substituted-2'-deoxyuridine nucleosides displayed potent in vitro antileishmanial activity: 5-formyl, 5-(2,2,-dicyanovinyl)-, 5-(2-cyano-2-ethoxycarbonylvinyl), 5-(2-cyano-2-methoxycarbonylvinyl)-, 5-(2-amino-3-cyano-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromen-4-yl)- and related congeners, and the 5-(3-methyl-5-oxo-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-4H-pyrazol-4-ylidene) group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul F Torrence
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, 86011-5698, USA.
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