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Jekle A, Thatikonda SK, Jaisinghani R, Ren S, Kinkade A, Stevens SK, Stoycheva A, Rajwanshi VK, Williams C, Deval J, Mukherjee S, Zhang Q, Chanda S, Smith DB, Blatt LM, Symons JA, Gonzalvez F, Beigelman L. Tumor Regression upon Intratumoral and Subcutaneous Dosing of the STING Agonist ALG-031048 in Mouse Efficacy Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16274. [PMID: 38003463 PMCID: PMC10671074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonists have shown potent anti-tumor efficacy in various mouse tumor models and have the potential to overcome resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) by linking the innate and acquired immune systems. First-generation STING agonists are administered intratumorally; however, a systemic delivery route would greatly expand the clinical use of STING agonists. Biochemical and cell-based experiments, as well as syngeneic mouse efficacy models, were used to demonstrate the anti-tumoral activity of ALG-031048, a novel STING agonist. In vitro, ALG-031048 is highly stable in plasma and liver microsomes and is resistant to degradation via phosphodiesterases. The high stability in biological matrices translated to good cellular potency in a HEK 293 STING R232 reporter assay, efficient activation and maturation of primary human dendritic cells and monocytes, as well as long-lasting, antigen-specific anti-tumor activity in up to 90% of animals in the CT26 mouse colon carcinoma model. Significant reductions in tumor growth were observed in two syngeneic mouse tumor models following subcutaneous administration. Combinations of ALG-031048 and ICIs further enhanced the in vivo anti-tumor activity. This initial demonstration of anti-tumor activity after systemic administration of ALG-031048 warrants further investigation, while the combination of systemically administered ALG-031048 with ICIs offers an attractive approach to overcome key limitations of ICIs in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Jekle
- Aligos Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA (S.K.S.); (A.S.); (V.K.R.); (S.C.); (D.B.S.); (L.M.B.); (J.A.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Santosh Kumar Thatikonda
- Aligos Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA (S.K.S.); (A.S.); (V.K.R.); (S.C.); (D.B.S.); (L.M.B.); (J.A.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Ruchika Jaisinghani
- Aligos Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA (S.K.S.); (A.S.); (V.K.R.); (S.C.); (D.B.S.); (L.M.B.); (J.A.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Suping Ren
- Aligos Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA (S.K.S.); (A.S.); (V.K.R.); (S.C.); (D.B.S.); (L.M.B.); (J.A.S.); (L.B.)
| | - April Kinkade
- Aligos Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA (S.K.S.); (A.S.); (V.K.R.); (S.C.); (D.B.S.); (L.M.B.); (J.A.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Sarah K. Stevens
- Aligos Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA (S.K.S.); (A.S.); (V.K.R.); (S.C.); (D.B.S.); (L.M.B.); (J.A.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Antitsa Stoycheva
- Aligos Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA (S.K.S.); (A.S.); (V.K.R.); (S.C.); (D.B.S.); (L.M.B.); (J.A.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Vivek K. Rajwanshi
- Aligos Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA (S.K.S.); (A.S.); (V.K.R.); (S.C.); (D.B.S.); (L.M.B.); (J.A.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Caroline Williams
- Aligos Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA (S.K.S.); (A.S.); (V.K.R.); (S.C.); (D.B.S.); (L.M.B.); (J.A.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Jerome Deval
- Aligos Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA (S.K.S.); (A.S.); (V.K.R.); (S.C.); (D.B.S.); (L.M.B.); (J.A.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Sucheta Mukherjee
- Aligos Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA (S.K.S.); (A.S.); (V.K.R.); (S.C.); (D.B.S.); (L.M.B.); (J.A.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Qingling Zhang
- Aligos Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA (S.K.S.); (A.S.); (V.K.R.); (S.C.); (D.B.S.); (L.M.B.); (J.A.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Sushmita Chanda
- Aligos Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA (S.K.S.); (A.S.); (V.K.R.); (S.C.); (D.B.S.); (L.M.B.); (J.A.S.); (L.B.)
| | - David B. Smith
- Aligos Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA (S.K.S.); (A.S.); (V.K.R.); (S.C.); (D.B.S.); (L.M.B.); (J.A.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Lawrence M. Blatt
- Aligos Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA (S.K.S.); (A.S.); (V.K.R.); (S.C.); (D.B.S.); (L.M.B.); (J.A.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Julian A. Symons
- Aligos Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA (S.K.S.); (A.S.); (V.K.R.); (S.C.); (D.B.S.); (L.M.B.); (J.A.S.); (L.B.)
| | | | - Leonid Beigelman
- Aligos Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA (S.K.S.); (A.S.); (V.K.R.); (S.C.); (D.B.S.); (L.M.B.); (J.A.S.); (L.B.)
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Martínez-Montero S, Rajwanshi VK, Pandey RK, De Costa NTS, Hong J, Beigelman L, Gryaznov SM, Pourshahian S. New Oligonucleotide 2'-O-Alkyl N3'→P5' (Thio)-Phosphoramidates as Potent Antisense Agents: Physicochemical Properties and Biological Activity. Nucleic Acid Ther 2023; 33:319-328. [PMID: 37638793 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2023.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe here the design, synthesis, physicochemical properties, and hepatitis B antiviral activity of new 2'-O-alkyl ribonucleotide N3'→P5' phosphoramidate (2'-O-alkyl-NPO) and (thio)-phosphoramidite (2'-O-alkyl-NPS) oligonucleotide analogs. Oligonucleotides with different 2'-O-alkyl modifications such as 2'-O-methyl, -O-ethyl, -O-allyl, and -O-methoxyethyl combined with 3'-amino sugar-phosphate backbone were synthesized and evaluated. These molecules form stable duplexes with complementary DNA and RNA strands. They show an increase in duplex melting temperatures of up to 2.5°C and 4°C per linkage, respectively, compared to unmodified DNA. The results agree with predominantly C3'-endo sugar pucker conformation. Moreover, 2'-O-alkyl phosphoramidites demonstrate higher hydrolytic stability at pH 5.5 than 2'-deoxy NPOs. In addition, the relative lipophilicity of the 2'-O-alkyl-NPO and NPS oligonucleotides is higher than that of their 3'-O- counterparts. The 2'-O-alkyl-NPS oligonucleotides were evaluated as antisense (ASO) compounds in vitro and in vivo using Hepatitis B virus as a model system. Subcutaneous delivery of GalNAc conjugated 2'-O-MOE-NPS gapmers demonstrated higher activity than the 3'-O-containing 2'-O-MOE counterpart. The properties of 2'-O-alkyl-NPS constructs make them attractive candidates as ASO suitable for further evaluation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saúl Martínez-Montero
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Vivek K Rajwanshi
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rajendra K Pandey
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - N Tilani S De Costa
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jin Hong
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Leonid Beigelman
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sergei M Gryaznov
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Soheil Pourshahian
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, South San Francisco, California, USA
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3
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Wang G, Dyatkina N, Prhavc M, Williams C, Serebryany V, Hu Y, Huang Y, Wu X, Chen T, Huang W, Rajwanshi VK, Deval J, Fung A, Jin Z, Stoycheva A, Shaw K, Gupta K, Tam Y, Jekle A, Smith DB, Beigelman L. Synthesis and Anti-HCV Activity of Sugar-Modified Guanosine Analogues: Discovery of AL-611 as an HCV NS5B Polymerase Inhibitor for the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C. J Med Chem 2020; 63:10380-10395. [PMID: 32816483 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is a major liver disease caused by the hepatitis C virus. The current standard of care for CHC can achieve cure rates above 95%; however, the drugs in current use are administered for a period of 8-16 weeks. A combination of safe and effective drugs with a shorter treatment period is highly desirable. We report synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of 2',3'- and 2',4'-substituted guanosine nucleotide analogues. Their triphosphates exhibited potent inhibition of the HCV NS5B polymerase with IC50 as low as 0.13 μM. In the HCV replicon assay, the phosphoramidate prodrugs of these analogues demonstrated excellent activity with EC50 values as low as 5 nM. A lead compound AL-611 showed high levels of the nucleoside 5'-triphosphate in vitro in primary human hepatocytes and in vivo in dog liver following oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyi Wang
- Janssen BioPharma, Inc., 260 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Natalia Dyatkina
- Janssen BioPharma, Inc., 260 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Marija Prhavc
- Janssen BioPharma, Inc., 260 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Caroline Williams
- Janssen BioPharma, Inc., 260 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Vladimir Serebryany
- Janssen BioPharma, Inc., 260 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yujian Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, WuXi AppTec, Shanghai 200131, P. R. China
| | - Yongfei Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, WuXi AppTec, Shanghai 200131, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyang Wu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, WuXi AppTec, Shanghai 200131, P. R. China
| | - Tongqian Chen
- Pharmaron Beijing, Co. Ltd., No. 6, TaiHe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, P. R. China
| | - Wensheng Huang
- Pharmaron Beijing, Co. Ltd., No. 6, TaiHe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, P. R. China
| | - Vivek K Rajwanshi
- Janssen BioPharma, Inc., 260 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jerome Deval
- Janssen BioPharma, Inc., 260 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Amy Fung
- Janssen BioPharma, Inc., 260 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Zhinan Jin
- Janssen BioPharma, Inc., 260 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Antitsa Stoycheva
- Janssen BioPharma, Inc., 260 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kenneth Shaw
- Janssen BioPharma, Inc., 260 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kusum Gupta
- Janssen BioPharma, Inc., 260 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yuen Tam
- Janssen BioPharma, Inc., 260 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Andreas Jekle
- Janssen BioPharma, Inc., 260 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - David B Smith
- Janssen BioPharma, Inc., 260 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Leonid Beigelman
- Janssen BioPharma, Inc., 260 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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4
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Wang G, Wan J, Hu Y, Wu X, Prhavc M, Dyatkina N, Rajwanshi VK, Smith DB, Jekle A, Kinkade A, Symons JA, Jin Z, Deval J, Zhang Q, Tam Y, Chanda S, Blatt L, Beigelman L. Synthesis and Anti-Influenza Activity of Pyridine, Pyridazine, and Pyrimidine C-Nucleosides as Favipiravir (T-705) Analogues. J Med Chem 2016; 59:4611-24. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangyi Wang
- Alios BioPharma, Inc., part of the Janssen Pharmaceutical
Companies, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jinqiao Wan
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, WuXi AppTec, Shanghai 200131, P.R. China
| | - Yujian Hu
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, WuXi AppTec, Shanghai 200131, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyang Wu
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, WuXi AppTec, Shanghai 200131, P.R. China
| | - Marija Prhavc
- Alios BioPharma, Inc., part of the Janssen Pharmaceutical
Companies, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Natalia Dyatkina
- Alios BioPharma, Inc., part of the Janssen Pharmaceutical
Companies, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Vivek K. Rajwanshi
- Alios BioPharma, Inc., part of the Janssen Pharmaceutical
Companies, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - David B. Smith
- Alios BioPharma, Inc., part of the Janssen Pharmaceutical
Companies, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Andreas Jekle
- Alios BioPharma, Inc., part of the Janssen Pharmaceutical
Companies, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - April Kinkade
- Alios BioPharma, Inc., part of the Janssen Pharmaceutical
Companies, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Julian A. Symons
- Alios BioPharma, Inc., part of the Janssen Pharmaceutical
Companies, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Zhinan Jin
- Alios BioPharma, Inc., part of the Janssen Pharmaceutical
Companies, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jerome Deval
- Alios BioPharma, Inc., part of the Janssen Pharmaceutical
Companies, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Qingling Zhang
- Alios BioPharma, Inc., part of the Janssen Pharmaceutical
Companies, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yuen Tam
- Alios BioPharma, Inc., part of the Janssen Pharmaceutical
Companies, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Sushmita Chanda
- Alios BioPharma, Inc., part of the Janssen Pharmaceutical
Companies, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Lawrence Blatt
- Alios BioPharma, Inc., part of the Janssen Pharmaceutical
Companies, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Leonid Beigelman
- Alios BioPharma, Inc., part of the Janssen Pharmaceutical
Companies, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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Jin Z, Smith LK, Rajwanshi VK, Kim B, Deval J. The ambiguous base-pairing and high substrate efficiency of T-705 (Favipiravir) Ribofuranosyl 5'-triphosphate towards influenza A virus polymerase. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68347. [PMID: 23874596 PMCID: PMC3707847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
T-705 (Favipiravir) is a broad-spectrum antiviral molecule currently in late stage clinical development for the treatment of influenza virus infection. Although it is believed that T-705 potency is mediated by its ribofuranosyl triphosphate (T-705 RTP) metabolite that could be mutagenic, the exact molecular interaction with the polymerase of influenza A virus (IAVpol) has not been elucidated. Here, we developed a biochemical assay to measure the kinetics of nucleotide incorporation by IAVpol in the elongation mode. In this assay, T-705 RTP was recognized by IAVpol as an efficient substrate for incorporation to the RNA both as a guanosine and an adenosine analog. Compared to natural GTP and ATP, the discrimination of T-705 RTP was about 19- and 30-fold, respectively. Although the single incorporation of the ribonucleotide monophosphate form of T-705 did not efficiently block RNA synthesis, two consecutive incorporation events prevented further primer extension. In comparison, 3'-deoxy GTP caused immediate chain termination but was incorporated less efficiently by the enzyme, with a discrimination of 4,900-fold relative to natural GTP. Collectively, these results provide the first detailed biochemical characterization to evaluate the substrate efficiency and the inhibition potency of nucleotide analogs against influenza virus polymerase. The combination of ambiguous base-pairing with low discrimination of T-705 RTP provides a mechanistic basis for the in vitro mutagenic effect of T-705 towards influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhinan Jin
- Alios BioPharma, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America.
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6
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Robins MJ, Nowak I, Rajwanshi VK, Miranda K, Cannon JF, Peterson MA, Andrei G, Snoeck R, De Clercq E, Balzarini J. Synthesis and Antiviral Evaluation of 6-(Alkyl-heteroaryl)furo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2(3H)-one Nucleosides and Analogues with Ethynyl, Ethenyl, and Ethyl Spacers at C6 of the Furopyrimidine Core. J Med Chem 2007; 50:3897-905. [PMID: 17622128 DOI: 10.1021/jm070210n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sonogashira coupling strategies were employed to synthesize new furo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2(3H)-one (FuPyrm) 2'-deoxynucleoside analogues. Partial or complete reduction of ethyne-linked compounds afforded ethenyl- and ethyl-linked derivatives. Levels of inhibition of varicella-zoster virus (VZV), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a broad range of other DNA and RNA viruses, and several cancer cell lines were evaluated in cell cultures. The anti-VZV potency decreased with increasing rigidity of the side chain at C6 of the FuPyrm ring in the order dec-1-yn-1-yl < dec-1-en-1-yl < decan-1-yl. In contrast, compounds with a rigid ethynyl spacer between C6 of the FuPyrm ring and a 4-alkylphenyl moiety were more potent inhibitors of VZV than the corresponding derivatives with an ethyl spacer. Replacement of the phenyl moiety in 6-(4-alkylphenyl) derivatives with a pyridine ring (in either regioisomeric orientation) gave analogues with increased solubility in methanol but reduced anti-VZV potency, and replacement with a pyrimidine ring reduced the anti-VZV activity even further. The pyridine-ring-containing analogues were approximately 20-fold more potent inhibitors of VZV than acyclovir but were approximately 6-fold less potent than BVDU and approximately 60-fold weaker than the most active 6-(4-pentylphenyl)-substituted prototype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morris J Robins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602-5700, USA.
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Wengel J, Koshkin A, Singh SK, Nielsen P, Meldgaard M, Rajwanshi VK, Kumar R, Skouv J, Nielsen CB, Jacobsen JP, Jacobsen N, Olsen CE. Lna (Locked Nucleic Acid). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/07328319908044718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Rajwanshi VK, Prhavc M, Fagan P, Brooks JL, Hurd T, Cook PD, Wang G. Synthesis of 5'-triphosphate mimics (P3Ms) of 3'-azido-3',5'-dideoxythymidine and 3',5'-dideoxy-5'-difluoromethylenethymidine as HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2006; 24:179-89. [PMID: 15892257 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-55707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
3'-Azido-3',5-dideoxythymidine 5'-phosphonate and 3',5'-dideoxy-5'-difluoromethylenethymidine 5'-phosphonate were prepared by multistep syntheses. The nucleoside 5'-phosphonates were converted to their triphosphates and triphosphate mimics (P3Ms) containing beta,gamma-difluoromethylene, beta,gamma-dichloromethylene, or beta,gamma-imodo by condensation with pyrophosphate or pyrophosphate mimics, respectively. Inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase by the nucleoside P3Ms is briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek K Rajwanshi
- Research Laboratories, Biota, Inc., 2232 Rutherford Road, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
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Robins MJ, Miranda K, Rajwanshi VK, Peterson MA, Andrei G, Snoeck R, De Clercq E, Balzarini J. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 6-(Alkyn-1-yl)furo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2(3H)-one Base and Nucleoside Derivatives. J Med Chem 2005; 49:391-8. [PMID: 16392824 DOI: 10.1021/jm050867d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Derivatives of the 2'-deoxynucleoside of furo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2(3H)-one with long-chain alkyl (or 4-alkylphenyl) substituents at C6 exhibit remarkable anti-VZV (varicella-zoster virus) potency and selectivity, and analogous 2',3'-dideoxynucleoside derivatives show anti-HCMV (human cytomegalovirus) activity. We now report a synthetic approach that enables the preparation of long-chain 6-(alkyn-1-yl)furo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2(3H)-ones in which the rodlike acetylene spacer replaces the 4-substituted-phenyl ring at C6. Analogues with methyl, beta-d-ribofuranosyl, beta-d-arabinofuranosyl, and 2-deoxy-beta-d-erythro-pentofuranosyl substituents at N3 have been prepared. Long-chain derivatives at C6 in the 2'-deoxynucleoside series showed virus-encoded nucleoside kinase-sensitive anti-VZV activity. Surprisingly, 3-methyl-6-(octyn-1-yl)furo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2(3H)-one (prepared as a negative anti-VZV test control) exhibited anti-HCMV activity, which supports the possibility of development of non-nucleoside anti-HCMV agents originating from uncomplicated derivatives of such bicyclic ring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morris J Robins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602-5700, USA.
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Boyle NA, Rajwanshi VK, Prhavc M, Wang G, Fagan P, Chen F, Ewing GJ, Brooks JL, Hurd T, Leeds JM, Bruice TW, Cook PD. Synthesis of 2',3'-dideoxynucleoside 5'-alpha-P-borano-beta,gamma-(difluoromethylene)triphosphates and their inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. J Med Chem 2005; 48:2695-700. [PMID: 15801860 DOI: 10.1021/jm040101y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The triphosphates of antiviral 2',3'-dideoxynucleosides (ddNs) are the active chemical species that inhibit viral DNA synthesis. The inhibition involves incorporation of ddNMP into DNA and subsequent chain termination. A conceivable strategy for antiviral drugs is to employ nucleoside 5'-triphosphate mimics that can entirely bypass cellular phosphorylation. AZT 5'-alpha-R(P)-borano-beta,gamma-(difluoromethylene)triphosphate (5'-alphaB-betagammaCF(2)TP) has been identified as a potent inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (HIV-1 RT). This work was aimed at confirming that 5'-alphaB-betagammaCF(2)TP is a useful generic triphosphate moiety and can render antiviral ddNs with potent inhibitory effects on HIV-1 RT. Thus, 10 ddNs were converted to their 5'-alphaB-betagammaCF(2)TPs via a sequence (one-pot) of reactions: formation of an activated phosphite, formation of a cyclic triphosphate, boronation, and hydrolysis. Other synthetic routes were also explored. All ddN 5'-alphaB-betagammaCF(2)TPs tested exhibited essentially the same level of inhibition of HIV-1 RT as the corresponding ddNTPs. A conclusion can be made that 5'-alphaB-betagammaCF(2)TP is a generic and promising triphosphate mimic (P3M) concerning HIV-1 RT inhibition and serum stability. It is anticipated that use of 5'-alphaB-betagammaCF(2)TP as P3M moiety will lead to the discovery of a new class of anti-HIV agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Boyle
- Research Laboratories, Biota, Inc., 2232 Rutherford Road, Carlsbad, California 92008, USA
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11
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Wang G, Boyle N, Chen F, Rajappan V, Fagan P, Brooks JL, Hurd T, Leeds JM, Rajwanshi VK, Jin Y, Prhavc M, Bruice TW, Cook PD. Synthesis of AZT 5'-triphosphate mimics and their inhibitory effects on HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. J Med Chem 2005; 47:6902-13. [PMID: 15615539 DOI: 10.1021/jm040116w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In search of active nucleoside 5'-triphosphate mimics, we have synthesized a series of AZT triphosphate mimics (AZT P3Ms) and evaluated their inhibitory effects on HIV-1 reverse transcriptase as well as their stability in fetal calf serum and in CEM cell extracts. Reaction of AZT with 2-chloro-4H-1,3,2-benzodioxaphosphorin-4-one, followed by treatment of the phosphite intermediate 2 with pyrophosphate analogues, yielded the cyclic triphosphate intermediates 4b-4f, which were subjected to boronation and subsequent hydrolysis to give AZT 5'-alpha-borano-beta,gamma-bridge-modified triphosphates 6b-6f in moderate to good yields. Reaction of the cyclic intermediate 4d with iodine, followed by treatment with a series of nucleophiles, afforded the AZT 5'-beta,gamma-difluoromethylene-gamma-substituted triphosphates (7b-7i). Several different types of AZT P3Ms containing alpha-P-thio (or dithio) and beta,gamma-difluoromethylene (13,14), alpha,beta-difluoromethylene and gamma-P-methyl(or phenyl) (15,16), and alpha-borano-beta,gamma-difluoromethylene and gamma-O-methyl/phenyl (11,12) were also synthesized. The effectiveness of the compounds as inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase was determined using a fluorometric assay and a poly(A) homopolymer as a template. A number of AZT P3Ms exhibited very potent inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Modifications at the beta,gamma-bridge of triphosphate rendered the AZT P3Ms 6b-6f with varied activities (K(i) from 9.5 to >>500 nM) while modification at the alpha,beta-bridge of triphosphate led to weak AZT P3M inhibitors. The results imply that the AZT P3Ms were substrate inhibitors, as is AZT triphosphate. The most active compound, AZT 5'-alpha-R(p)()-borano-beta,gamma-(difluoromethylene)triphosphate (AZT 5'-alphaB-betagammaCF(2)TP) (6d-I), is as potent as AZT triphosphate with a K(i)() value of 9.5 nM and at least 20-fold more stable than AZT triphosphate in the serum and cell extracts. Therefore, for the first time, a highly active and stable nucleoside triphosphate mimic has been identified, which is potentially useful as a new type of antiviral drug. The promising triphosphate mimic, 5'-alpha-borano-beta,gamma-(difluoromethylene)triphosphate, is expected to be valuable to the discovery of nucleotide mimic antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyi Wang
- Research Laboratories, Biota, Inc., 2232 Rutherford Road, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA.
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12
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Arzumanov A, Walsh AP, Rajwanshi VK, Kumar R, Wengel J, Gait MJ. Inhibition of HIV-1 Tat-dependent trans activation by steric block chimeric 2'-O-methyl/LNA oligoribonucleotides. Biochemistry 2001; 40:14645-54. [PMID: 11724578 DOI: 10.1021/bi011279e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The HIV-1 trans-activation responsive element (TAR) RNA 59-residue stem-loop interacts with the HIV trans-activator protein Tat and other cellular factors to stimulate transcriptional elongation from the viral long terminal repeat (LTR). Inhibition of these interactions blocks full-length HIV transcription and hence replication. We have found that three types of 12-residue oligonucleotide analogues, namely, a 2'-O-methyl oligoribonucleotide (OMe), a chimeric oligonucleotide containing 7xOMe and 5x5-methyl C locked nucleic acid (LNA) residues, and a peptide nucleic acid (PNA), inhibit Tat-dependent in vitro transcription in HeLa cell nuclear extract equally efficiently (50% inhibition at 100-200 nM) and sequence specifically. The results are correlated with surprisingly similar binding strengths to a model 39-residue TAR under transcription conditions. A 12-mer containing 11 contiguous LNA residues was less effective in both Tat-dependent transcription inhibition and TAR 39 binding. Anti-TAR 3'-carboxyfluorescein- (FAM-) labeled OMe and OMe/LNA chimeric 12-mers were also efficient Tat-dependent in vitro transcription inhibitors as were 3'-FAM-labeled OMe oligonucleotides containing some phosphorothioate (PS) linkages. By use of a HeLa cell line containing stably integrated plasmids expressing firefly luciferase under HIV-LTR/Tat dependence as well as a Renilla luciferase constitutive control, we showed submicromolar, selective, dose-dependent, and sequence-dependent intracellular inhibition of Tat-TAR trans activation by the anti-TAR 3'-FAM 12-residue 7xOMe/5xLNA oligonucleotide when delivered by cationic lipid. No intracellular activity was observed for the corresponding anti-TAR 3'-FAM OMe 12-mer. An alternating PS-containing 3'-FAM OMe 12-mer oligonucleotide exhibited partial inhibition of trans-activation activity, but this was correlated with a similar effect on control gene expression, suggesting nonspecific inhibition.
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MESH Headings
- Cations/metabolism
- DNA Primers/chemistry
- Fluoresceins
- Gene Products, tat/antagonists & inhibitors
- Gene Products, tat/genetics
- HIV Long Terminal Repeat
- HIV-1/genetics
- HeLa Cells
- Humans
- Lipid Metabolism
- Luciferases/metabolism
- Nucleic Acid Conformation
- Oligonucleotides, Antisense/pharmacology
- Peptide Fragments/chemistry
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- RNA, Viral/antagonists & inhibitors
- RNA, Viral/chemistry
- RNA, Viral/metabolism
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
- Tetracycline/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic
- Transcriptional Activation/drug effects
- Transfection
- tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arzumanov
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Medical Research Council, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK
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13
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Wengel J, Petersen M, Nielsen KE, Jensen GA, Håkansson AE, Kumar R, Sørensen MD, Rajwanshi VK, Bryld T, Jacobsen JP. LNA (locked nucleic acid) and the diastereoisomeric alpha-L-LNA: conformational tuning and high-affinity recognition of DNA/RNA targets. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2001; 20:389-96. [PMID: 11563053 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-100002312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The remarkable binding properties of LNA (Locked Nucleic Acid) and alpha-L-LNA (the alpha-L-ribo configured diastereoisomer of LNA) are summarized, and hybridization results for LNA/2'-O-Me-RNA chimera and LNAs with a "dangling" nucleotide are introduced. In addition, results from NMR investigations on the furanose conformations of the individual nucleotide monomers in different duplexes are presented. All these data are discussed with focus on the importance of conformational steering of unmodified nucleotides in partly modified LNA and alpha-L-LNA sequences in relation to the unprecedented binding properties of LNA and alpha-L-LNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wengel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
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14
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Arzumanov A, Walsh AP, Liu X, Rajwanshi VK, Wengel J, Gait MJ. Oligonucleotide analogue interference with the HIV-1 Tat protein-TAR RNA interaction. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2001; 20:471-80. [PMID: 11563062 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-100002321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The HIV-1 Tat protein interaction with its RNA recognition sequence TAR is an important drug target and model system for the development of specific RNA-protein inhibitors. 2'-O-methyl oligoribonucleotides complementary to the TAR apical stem-loop effectively block Tat binding in vitro. Substitution by 5-propynylC or 5-methylC LNA monomeric units into a 12-mer 2'-O-methyl oligoribonucleotide leads to stronger inhibition, as does a 12-mer PNA. 10-16 mer 2'-O-methyl oligoribonucleotides give sequence- and dose-dependent inhibition of Tat-dependent transcription of an HIV DNA template in HeLa cell nuclear extract. Inhibition is maintained for the substituted 12-mer analogues but is poorer for PNA and is not correlated with TAR binding strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arzumanov
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 2QH, U.K
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15
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Christensen U, Jacobsen N, Rajwanshi VK, Wengel J, Koch T. Stopped-flow kinetics of locked nucleic acid (LNA)-oligonucleotide duplex formation: studies of LNA-DNA and DNA-DNA interactions. Biochem J 2001; 354:481-4. [PMID: 11237851 PMCID: PMC1221678 DOI: 10.1042/0264-6021:3540481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The locked nucleic acid (LNA) monomer is a conformationally restricted nucleotide analogue with an extra 2'-O,4'-C-methylene bridge added to the ribose ring. Oligonucleotides that contain LNA monomers have shown greatly enhanced thermal stability when hybridized to complementary DNA and RNA and are considered most promising candidates for efficient recognition of a given mixed sequence in a nucleic acid duplex and as an antisense molecule. Here the kinetics and thermodynamics of a series of oligonucleotide duplex formations of DNA-DNA and DNA-LNA octamers were studied using stopped-flow absorption measurements at 25 degrees C and melting curves. The reactions of the DNA octamer 5'-CAGGAGCA-3' with its complementary DNA octamer 5'-TGCTCCTG-3', and with the LNA octamers 5'-T(L)GCTCCTG-3' (LNA-1), 5'-T(L)GCT(L)CCTG-3' (LNA-2) and 5'-T(L)GCT(L)CCT(L)G-3'(LNA-3), containing respectively one, two or three thymidine 2'-O,4'-C-methylene-(D-ribofuranosyl) nucleotide monomers, designated T(L), were studied. In all cases were seen fast second-order association reactions with k(obs)=2x10(7) M(-1)s(-1). At 25 degrees C the dissociation constants of the duplexes obtained from melting curves were: DNA-DNA, 10 nM; DNA-LNA-1, 20 nM; DNA-LNA-2, 2 nM; and DNA-LNA-3, 0.3 nM; thus the greatly enhanced duplex stability induced by LNA is confirmed. Since the association rates were all equal this increase in stability is due to slower rates of dissociation of the complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Christensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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16
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Sørensen MD, Meldgaard M, Rajwanshi VK, Wengel J. Corrigendum to “Branched oligonucleotides containing bicyclic nucleotides as branching points and DNA or LNA as triplex forming branch” [Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 10 (2000) 1853]. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00041-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Sørensen MD, Meldgaard M, Raunkjaer M, Rajwanshi VK, Wengel J. Branched oligonucleotides containing bicyclic nucleotides as branching points and DNA or LNA as triplex forming branch. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:1853-6. [PMID: 10969984 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00362-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Various Y-shaped branched oligonucleotides containing a 2'-0,3'-C-ethylene linked or 2'-0,4'-C-methylene linked bicyclic nucleotide as branching point were synthesized on an automated DNA synthesizer. Thermal denaturation experiments at 260 and 284 nm showed increased thermal stabilities of complexes formed between these Y-shaped oligonucleotides and complementary DNA compared with those formed with the corresponding linear reference. The most significant effect was observed when LNA (locked nucleic acid) monomers were used in the triplex forming branch.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Sørensen
- Center for Synthetic Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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18
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Abstract
We have used NMR and CD spectroscopy to study the conformations of modified oligonucleotides (locked nucleic acid, LNA) containing a conformationally restricted nucleotide (T(L)) with a 2'-O,4'-C-methylene bridge. We have investigated two LNA:RNA duplexes, d(CTGAT(L)ATGC):r(GCAUAUCAG) and d(CT(L)GAT(L)AT(L)GC):r(GCAUAUCAG), along with the unmodified DNA:RNA reference duplex. Increases in the melting temperatures of +9.6 degrees C and +8.1 degrees C per modification relative to the unmodified duplex were observed for these two LNA:RNA sequences. The three duplexes all adopt right-handed helix conformations and form normal Watson-Crick base pairs with all the bases in the anti conformation. Sugar conformations were determined from measurements of scalar coupling constants in the sugar rings and distance information derived from 1H-1H NOE measurements; all the sugars in the RNA strands of the three duplexes adopt an N-type conformation (A-type structure), whereas the sugars in the DNA strands change from an equilibrium between S- and N-type conformations in the unmodified duplex towards more of the N-type conformation when modified nucleotides are introduced. The presence of three modified T(L) nucleotides induces drastic conformational shifts of the remaining unmodified nucleotides of the DNA strand, changing all the sugar conformations except those of the terminal sugars to the N type. The CD spectra of the three duplexes confirm the structural changes described above. On the basis of the results reported herein, we suggest that the observed conformational changes can be used to tune LNA:RNA duplexes into substrates for RNase H: Partly modified LNA:RNA duplexes may adopt a duplex structure between the standard A and B types, thereby making the RNA strand amenable to RNase H-mediated degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bondensgaard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern Denmark Odense University
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19
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Rajwanshi VK, Håkansson AE, Sørensen MD, Pitsch S, Singh SK, Kumar R, Nielsen P, Wengel J. The Eight Stereoisomers of LNA (Locked Nucleic Acid): A Remarkable Family of Strong RNA Binding Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-3757(20000502)112:9<1722::aid-ange1722>3.0.co;2-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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20
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Rajwanshi VK, Håkansson AE, Sørensen MD, Pitsch S, Singh SK, Kumar R, Nielsen P, Wengel J. The Eight Stereoisomers of LNA (Locked Nucleic Acid): A Remarkable Family of Strong RNA Binding Molecules We acknowledge the Danish Natural Science Research Council, the Danish Technical Research Council, and Exiqon A/S for financial support. Ms Britta M. Dahl is thanked for oligonucleotide synthesis, Dr. Carl E. Olsen for MALDI-MS analysis, and Ms. Karen Jørgensen for recording CD spectra. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000; 39:1656-1659. [PMID: 10820467 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-3773(20000502)39:9<1656::aid-anie1656>3.0.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- VK Rajwanshi
- Center for Synthetic Bioorganic Chemistry Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen (Denmark)
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21
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Olsen AG, Rajwanshi VK, Nielsen C, Wengel J. Synthesis and evaluation of anti-HIV-1 activity of 3′-azido-3′-deoxy-2′-O,4′-C-methylene-linked bicyclic thymine nucleosides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1039/b005469k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Petersen M, Nielsen CB, Nielsen KE, Jensen GA, Bondensgaard K, Singh SK, Rajwanshi VK, Koshkin AA, Dahl BM, Wengel J, Jacobsen JP. The conformations of locked nucleic acids (LNA). J Mol Recognit 2000; 13:44-53. [PMID: 10679896 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1352(200001/02)13:1<44::aid-jmr486>3.0.co;2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We have used 2D NMR spectroscopy to study the sugar conformations of oligonucleotides containing a conformationally restricted nucleotide (LNA) with a 2'-O, 4'-C-methylene bridge. We have investigated a modified 9-mer single stranded oligonucleotide as well as three 9- and 10-mer modified oligonucleotides hybridized to unmodified DNA. The single-stranded LNA contained three modifications whereas the duplexes contained one, three and four modifications, respectively. The LNA:DNA duplexes have normal Watson-Crick base-pairing with all the nucleotides in anti-conformation. By use of selective DQF-COSY spectra we determined the ratio between the N-type (C3'-endo) and S-type (C2'-endo) sugar conformations of the nucleotides. In contrast to the corresponding single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), we found that the sugar conformations of the single-stranded LNA oligonucleotide (ssLNA) cannot be described by a major S-type conformer of all the nucleotides. The nucleotides flanking an LNA nucleotide have sugar conformations with a significant population of the N-type conformer. Similarly, the sugar conformations of the nucleotides in the LNA:DNA duplexes flanking a modification were also shown to have significant contributions from the N-type conformation. In all cases, the sugar conformations of the nucleotides in the complementary DNA strand in the duplex remain in the S-type conformation. We found that the locked conformation of the LNA nucleotides both in ssLNA and in the duplexes organize the phosphate backbone in such a way as to introduce higher population of the N-type conformation. These conformational changes are associated with an improved stacking of the nucleobases. Based on the results reported herein, we propose that the exceptional stability of the LNA modified duplexes is caused by a quenching of concerted local backbone motions (preorganization) by the LNA nucleotides in ssLNA so as to decrease the entropy loss on duplex formation combined with a more efficient stacking of the nucleobases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Petersen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
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23
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Rajwanshi VK, Håkansson AE, Dahl BM, Wengel J. LNA stereoisomers: xylo-LNA (β-D-xylo configured locked nucleic acid) and α-L-LNA (α-L-ribo configured locked nucleic acid). Chem Commun (Camb) 1999. [DOI: 10.1039/a903189h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Rajwanshi VK, Kumar R, Kofod-Hansen M, Wengel J. Synthesis and restricted furanose conformations of three novel bicyclic thymine nucleosides: a xylo-LNA nucleoside, a 3′-O,5′-C-methylene-linked nucleoside, and a 2′-O,5′-C-methylene-linked nucleoside. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1039/a901729a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Rajwanshi VK, Håkansson AE, Kumar R, Wengel J. High-affinity nucleic acid recognition using ‘LNA’ (locked nucleic acid, β-D-ribo configured LNA), ‘xylo-LNA’ (β-D-xylo configured LNA) or ‘α-L-LNA’ (α-L-ribo configured LNA). Chem Commun (Camb) 1999. [DOI: 10.1039/a906713b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Koshkin AA, Nielsen P, Meldgaard M, Rajwanshi VK, Singh SK, Wengel J. LNA (Locked Nucleic Acid): An RNA Mimic Forming Exceedingly Stable LNA:LNA Duplexes. J Am Chem Soc 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9822862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexei A. Koshkin
- Center for Synthetic Bioorganic Chemistry Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark Department of Chemistry, Odense University DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Poul Nielsen
- Center for Synthetic Bioorganic Chemistry Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark Department of Chemistry, Odense University DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Michael Meldgaard
- Center for Synthetic Bioorganic Chemistry Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark Department of Chemistry, Odense University DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Vivek K. Rajwanshi
- Center for Synthetic Bioorganic Chemistry Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark Department of Chemistry, Odense University DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Sanjay K. Singh
- Center for Synthetic Bioorganic Chemistry Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark Department of Chemistry, Odense University DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Jesper Wengel
- Center for Synthetic Bioorganic Chemistry Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark Department of Chemistry, Odense University DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
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27
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Kumar R, Singh SK, Koshkin AA, Rajwanshi VK, Meldgaard M, Wengel J. The first analogues of LNA (locked nucleic acids): phosphorothioate-LNA and 2'-thio-LNA. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1998; 8:2219-22. [PMID: 9873516 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(98)00366-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
LNA (Locked Nucleic Acids, 1, X = O, Y = O) is a novel oligonucleotide analogue capable of recognizing complementary DNA and RNA with unprecedented thermal affinities. Synthesis of the first chemically modified LNA analogues is reported. A 9-mer phosphorothioate-LNA containing three LNA thymine monomers (1, X = O, Y = S, Base = thymin-1-yl) and 9-mer LNAs containing one, three or five 2'-thio-LNA monomers (1, X = S, Y = O, Base = uracil-1-yl) were able to recognize both complementary DNA and RNA with thermal affinities comparable to those of parent LNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Koshkin AA, Singh SK, Nielsen P, Rajwanshi VK, Kumar R, Meldgaard M, Olsen CE, Wengel J. LNA (Locked Nucleic Acids): Synthesis of the adenine, cytosine, guanine, 5-methylcytosine, thymine and uracil bicyclonucleoside monomers, oligomerisation, and unprecedented nucleic acid recognition. Tetrahedron 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(98)00094-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 767] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Parmar VS, Bracke ME, Philippe J, Wengel J, Jain SC, Olsen CE, Bisht KS, Sharma NK, Courtens A, Sharma SK, Vennekens K, Van Marck V, Singh SK, Kumar N, Kumar A, Malhotra S, Kumar R, Rajwanshi VK, Jain R, Mareel MM. Anti-invasive activity of alkaloids and polyphenolics in vitro. Bioorg Med Chem 1997; 5:1609-19. [PMID: 9313866 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(97)00091-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Invasiveness, the ability of certain tumour cells to migrate beyond their natural tissue boundaries, often leads to metastasis, and usually determines the fatal outcome of cancer. The need for anti-invasive agents has led us to search for possibly active compounds among alkaloids and polyphenolics. One hundred compounds were screened in an assay based on the confrontation of invasive human MCF-7/6 mammary carcinoma cells with fragments of normal embryonic chick heart in vitro. Anti-invasive activity was frequently found among chalcones having a prenyl group. Six compounds were found to inhibit invasion when added to the culture medium at concentrations as low as 1 microM. For at least three of them the anti-invasive effect could be associated with a cytotoxic effect on the MCF-7/6 cells, but not on the heart tissue. This selective cytotoxicity was substantiated by different methods, such as histology and growth assays (volume measurements, cell counts, MTT and sulforhodamine B assays). The anti-invasive effects of the compounds could neither be ascribed to induction of apoptosis nor to the promotion of cell-cell adhesion. Our data indicate that among the alkaloids and polyphenolics a number of molecules can inhibit growth and invasion of human mammary cancer cells via selective cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Parmar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, India
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Jain SC, Rajwanshi VK, Kumar R, Talwar S, Bharadvaja A. Synthesis of 5,7-Dihydroxy-6-methoxy-2-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one and Reassignment of Structure of Tamaridone 1. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 1997. [DOI: 10.1080/00397919708006071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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