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Baby K, Maity S, Mehta CH, Nayak UY, Shenoy GG, Pai KSR, Harikumar KB, Nayak Y. Computational drug repurposing of Akt-1 allosteric inhibitors for non-small cell lung cancer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7947. [PMID: 37193898 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35122-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) are the predominant form of lung malignancy and the reason for the highest number of cancer-related deaths. Widespread deregulation of Akt, a serine/threonine kinase, has been reported in NSCLC. Allosteric Akt inhibitors bind in the space separating the Pleckstrin homology (PH) and catalytic domains, typically with tryptophan residue (Trp-80). This could decrease the regulatory site phosphorylation by stabilizing the PH-in conformation. Hence, in this study, a computational investigation was undertaken to identify allosteric Akt-1 inhibitors from FDA-approved drugs. The molecules were docked at standard precision (SP) and extra-precision (XP), followed by Prime molecular mechanics-generalized Born surface area (MM-GBSA), and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on selected hits. Post XP-docking, fourteen best hits were identified from a library of 2115 optimized FDA-approved compounds, demonstrating several beneficial interactions such as pi-pi stacking, pi-cation, direct, and water-bridged hydrogen bonds with the crucial residues (Trp-80 and Tyr-272) and several amino acid residues in the allosteric ligand-binding pocket of Akt-1. Subsequent MD simulations to verify the stability of chosen drugs to the Akt-1 allosteric site showed valganciclovir, dasatinib, indacaterol, and novobiocin to have high stability. Further, predictions for possible biological interactions were performed using computational tools such as ProTox-II, CLC-Pred, and PASSOnline. The shortlisted drugs open a new class of allosteric Akt-1 inhibitors for the therapy of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnaprasad Baby
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Swastika Maity
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Chetan Hasmukh Mehta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Usha Y Nayak
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Gautham G Shenoy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576 104, India
| | - Karkala Sreedhara Ranganath Pai
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Kuzhuvelil B Harikumar
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Yogendra Nayak
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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Gadag S, Narayan R, Sabhahit JN, Hari G, Nayak Y, Pai KSR, Garg S, Nayak UY. Transpapillary iontophoretic delivery of resveratrol loaded transfersomes for localized delivery to breast cancer. Biomater Adv 2022; 140:213085. [PMID: 36037762 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Localized drug delivery to the breast tissues is an area of interest as a potential route to ensure site-specific drug delivery. Transpapillary delivery via the mammary papilla has advantages as most breast tumors arise from the milk ducts. The present study explored the plausibility of transpapillary delivery of a phytochemical, resveratrol (RVT), for breast cancer treatment. RVT was encapsulated within the transfersomes (RVT-TRF) to enable a sustained release of the drug using the biomaterial soya phosphatidylcholine (SPC). Iontophoresis was applied to further accelerate the penetration of the RVT-TRF across the mammary papilla to the breast tissue. The RVT-TRF development was optimized by the Design of Experiments (DoE) approach. The in vitro transpapillary iontophoresis study on porcine mammary papilla showed an enhanced penetration of RVT-TRF when compared to passive diffusion. The transpapillary delivery was further confirmed from the in vitro fluorescent microscopy study using FITC conjugated RVT-TRF. The optimized RVT-TRF delivered via transpapillary route showed a higher Cmax and AUC when compared to pure RVT given orally. A significant reduction in the tumor volume and the serum biomarker CA 15-3, when evaluated in a chemically induced breast cancer rat model, provided evidence of the effectiveness of the developed formulation when delivered locally via transpapillary route compared to the oral route. Thus the developed RVT-TRF administered via transpapillary iontophoresis technique is a promising strategy enabling a localized delivery for effective breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivaprasad Gadag
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Reema Narayan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Jayalakshmi N Sabhahit
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Gangadhar Hari
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Yogendra Nayak
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Karkala Sreedhara Ranganath Pai
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanjay Garg
- UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Usha Y Nayak
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
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Nayak S, Gaonkar SL, Hazra D, Chawla K, Hari G, Pai KSR, Guru BR, Hakimane SS. Synthesis, Molecular Docking and Evaluation of 1,3,4-Oxadiazole-Isobenzofuran Hybrids as Antimicrobial and Anticancer Agents. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202100956. [PMID: 35304823 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In drug discovery, the hybridization of bioactive pharmacophores is a powerful tool for targeting enzymes involved in cancer and microbial cell growth. A combination of 1,3,4-oxadiazole and isobenzofuran may improve the antitumor and antimicrobial properties of the hybrid molecules. A series of hybrid molecules having 1,3,4-oxadiazole and isobenzofuran were synthesized and structural characterization was done by FT-IR, 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, and mass spectrometry. Molecular docking studies were performed to investigate binding interactions of compounds with proteins (PDB NO: 2R3J and 1GII), and the results were consistent with in vitro anticancer data. All the synthesized compounds were tested for antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, E. faecalis (Gram-positive) and E. coli and P. aeruginosa (Gram-negative) bacterial strains. Among the synthesized compounds, 7a and 7b displayed good activity against the tested bacterial strains. Also, compounds were tested for their anti-tumor activity against breast cancer (MCF-7) and colon cancer (HCT-116) cell lines via SRB assay. In comparison to doxorubicin (1.14 μM), hybrids 7e (4.32 μM), 7f (4.15 μM), 7g (4.66 μM), and 7h (4.83 μM) demonstrated comparable IC50 value against the HCT 116 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarnagowri Nayak
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Santosh L Gaonkar
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Druti Hazra
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Kiran Chawla
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Gangadhar Hari
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - K S R Pai
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Bharath Raja Guru
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Sushruta S Hakimane
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
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Nayak VS, Pai KSR, Nayak SS, Kumar N, Bangera H. Effect of Mucuna pruriens (Linn.) on Global Cerebral Ischemia-induced Motor Incoordination. TROP J PHARM RES 2022. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v20i6.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the effect of Mucuna pruriens on ischemia-induced motor incoordination.
Methods: Male Wistar rats were used in this study were divided into eight groups of six rats each. The bilateral common carotid artery (BCA) was occluded to induce global cerebral ischemia. Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) was used as a vehicle for this while quercetin was used as the standard. The rats were fed with the methanol plant extract of Mucuna pruriens (MP) seeds for ten days. The treatment groups include treatment plus BCA occlusion. Various behavioral parameters such as locomotor activity, motor coordination, spatial learning, and cerebral infarction area were evaluated.
Results: A decline in locomotor activity, motor coordination, and spatial learning was observed in the ischemia-induced Wistar rats. The group treated with Mucuna pruriens showed significant protection against brain damage when compared with negative control group.
Conclusion: Mucuna pruriens provides effective neuroprotective activity in BCA occlusion-induced cerebral ischemia in rats, and thus a potential therapeutic agent for the clinical management of cerebral ischemia.
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Priya K, Setty M, Babu UV, Pai KSR. Implications of environmental toxicants on ovarian follicles: how it can adversely affect the female fertility? Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:67925-67939. [PMID: 34628616 PMCID: PMC8718383 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16489-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The pool of primordial follicles formed in the ovaries during early development determines the span and quality of fertility in the reproductive life of a woman. As exposure to occupational and environmental toxicants (ETs) has become inevitable, consequences on female fertility need to be established. This review focuses on the ETs, especially well-studied prototypes of the classes endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), heavy metals, agrochemicals, cigarette smoke, certain chemicals used in plastic, cosmetic and sanitary product industries etc that adversely affect the female fertility. Many in vitro, in vivo and epidemiological studies have indicated that these ETs have the potential to affect folliculogenesis and cause reduced fertility in women. Here, we emphasize on four main conditions: polycystic ovary syndrome, primary ovarian insufficiency, multioocytic follicles and meiotic defects including aneuploidies which can be precipitated by ETs. These are considered main causes for reduced female fertility by directly altering the follicular recruitment, development and oocytic meiosis. Although substantial experimental evidence is drawn with respect to the detrimental effects, it is clear that establishing the role of one ET as a risk factor in a single condition is difficult as multiple conditions have common risk factors. Therefore, it is important to consider this as a matter of public and wildlife health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keerthi Priya
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Manjunath Setty
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Uddagiri Venkanna Babu
- Phytochemistry Department, R & D Centre, The Himalaya Drug Company, Makali, Tumkur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 562162, India
| | - Karkala Sreedhara Ranganath Pai
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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Moorkoth S, Prathyusha NS, Manandhar S, Xue Y, Sankhe R, Pai KSR, Kumar N. Antidepressant-like effect of dehydrozingerone from Zingiber officinale by elevating monoamines in brain: in silico and in vivo studies. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:1273-1286. [PMID: 34181212 PMCID: PMC8460585 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00252-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dehydrozingerone (DHZ) is an active ingredient of Zingiber officinale and structural half analogue of curcumin. In the present study, DHZ was evaluated for monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitory activity in silico and antidepressant activity in vivo. METHOD The binding affinity of DHZ with MAO-A (PDB ID: 2Z5Y) was assessed using Schrodinger's Maestro followed by free energy calculation, pharmacokinetic property prediction using Qikprop and Molecular dynamics simulation using Desmond. In vivo antidepressant activity of DHZ was evaluated on C57 BL/6 male mice using Escilatopram as the standard antidepressant. Open field test (OFT), forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) were used to evaluate the antidepressant effect of the drugs on days 1 and 7. Following the behavioural study, neurotransmitters (noradrenaline, dopamine and serotonin) were estimated using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS DHZ demonstrated a greater binding affinity for the MAO-A enzyme compared to moclobemide in silico. Immobility in TST and FST were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in vivo with 100mg/kg DHZ as compared to respective controls. DHZ treatment was more effective 1 h post treatment compared to vehicle control. A significant increase in levels of neurotransmitters was observed in mice brain homogenate in response to DHZ treatment, reassuring its antidepressant-like potential. CONCLUSION DHZ demonstrated MAO-A inhibition in silico, and the increased neurotransmitter levels in the brain in vivo were associated with an antidepressant-like effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudheer Moorkoth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - N Sai Prathyusha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Suman Manandhar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Yuanxin Xue
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Runali Sankhe
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - K S R Pai
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Bihar, 844102, India.
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Narayan R, Gadag S, Mudakavi RJ, Garg S, Raichur AM, Nayak Y, Kini SG, Pai KSR, Nayak UY. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles capped with chitosan-glucuronic acid conjugate for pH-responsive targeted delivery of 5-fluorouracil. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Narayan R, Gadag S, Cheruku SP, Raichur AM, Day CM, Garg S, Manandhar S, Pai KSR, Suresh A, Mehta CH, Nayak Y, Kumar N, Nayak UY. Chitosan-glucuronic acid conjugate coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles: A smart pH-responsive and receptor-targeted system for colorectal cancer therapy. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 261:117893. [PMID: 33766378 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylated pH-sensitive mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) of capecitabine (CAP) were developed for targeting colorectal cancer. The MSNs possessed an average pore diameter of 8.12 ± 0.43 nm, pore volume of 0.73 ± 0.21 cm3/g, and particle size of 245.24 ± 5.75 nm. A high loading of 180.51 ± 5.23 mg/g attributed to the larger pore volume was observed. The surface of the drug-loaded MSNs were capped with chitosan-glucuronic acid (CHS-GCA) conjugate to combine two strategies viz. pH-sensitive, and lectin receptor mediated uptake. In vitro studies demonstrated a pH-sensitive and controlled release of CAP which was further enhanced in the presence of rat caecal content. Higher uptake of the (CAP-MSN)CHS-GCA was observed in HCT 116 cell lines. The glycosylated nanoparticles revealed reduction in the tumors, aberrant crypt foci, dysplasia and inflammation, and alleviation in the toxic features. This illustrated that the nanoparticles showed promising antitumor efficacy with reduced toxicity and may be used as a effective carrier against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema Narayan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Shivaprasad Gadag
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Sri Pragnya Cheruku
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Ashok M Raichur
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560012, India
| | - Candace Minhthu Day
- UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Sanjay Garg
- UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Suman Manandhar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Karkala Sreedhara Ranganath Pai
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Akhil Suresh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Chetan Hasmukh Mehta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Yogendra Nayak
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Usha Yogendra Nayak
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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Mubeen M, Kini SG, Kumar A, Pai KSR. Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and In Silico Studies of Few Novel 2-Substituted Benzothiazole Derivatives as Potential EGFR Inhibitors. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180816666181108112228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
There is a great unmet medical need for new anticancer small molecule
therapeutics. Exhaustive literature review suggests that benzothiazole derivatives have good potential
to exhibit anticancer activity. Compounds that inhibit the kinase activity of EGFR are of potential
interest as new antitumor agent.
Objective:
To design, synthesize and carry out in silico along with biological evaluation of 2-
substituted benzothiazole compounds with EGFR inhibitory activity.
Methods:
Benzothiazole derivatives designed from molecular docking method for potential EGFR
tyrosine kinase inhibition have been synthesized based on the docking results and characterized. Insilico
studies were carried out to understand the mode of EGFR enzyme inhibition by our molecules.
As a preliminary study, these compounds were first screened for antioxidant activity and then for
anticancer activity against MCF-7 cell lines and A549 cell line.
Results:
Compound B5 showed potent anticancer activity on MCF-7 cell line with IC50 value of
9.7µM and compound B8 showed significant anticancer activity on A549 cell line with IC50 value of
49.7μM in comparison with the standard drug Doxorubicin (IC50 = 1.4µM on MCF-7 and 1.0µM on
A549 cell lines). In EGFR inhibitory activity B8 showed maximum activity on A549 cell line by
inactivating 69.10% of EGFR phosphorylation and B7 showed maximum activity on MCF-7 cell line
by inactivating 41.90% of EGFR phosphorylation in comparison with the reference drug Gefitinib.
Molecular dynamics simulation studies suggest that benzothiazole derivative could also bind to
allosteric site and inhibit the EGFR enzyme activity.
Conclusion:
Reported compounds have shown potent anticancer activity through EGFR inhibition
by possibly binding at allosteric site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mubeen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Suvarna Ganesh Kini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Avinash Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Sahu P, Mudgal J, Arora D, Kinra M, Mallik SB, Rao CM, Pai KSR, Nampoothiri M. Cannabinoid receptor 2 activation mitigates lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation and sickness behavior in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:1829-1838. [PMID: 30666359 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-5166-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R) signaling in the brain is associated with the pathophysiology of depression. Sickness behavior, characterized by lessened mobility, social interaction, and depressive behavior, is linked with neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and immune system. The present study was aimed at evaluating 1-phenylisatin (PI), a CB2R agonist, in sickness behavior. METHODS Influence of acute and 7-day activation of CB2R using PI in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sickness behavior was assessed in mice. An acute injection of LPS (1.5 mg/kg) produced a fully developed sickness behavior in animals within 1 h of administration. The behavioral paradigm was assessed by open field test, forced swim test, and tail suspension test. Further, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), antioxidant enzymes, and lipid peroxidation were measured in the brain to correlate neuroinflammation and oxidative stress with sickness behavior. Both treatments, PI (20 mg/kg) and imipramine (15 mg/kg), were administered orally (once for acute and once daily for 7-day protocols). RESULTS LPS elevated the brain TNF-α level, augmented oxidative stress, and induced the sickness behavior in mice. Acute and 7-day treatment of mice with PI significantly reduced the LPS-induced sickness behavior. In addition, PI inhibited the neuroinflammation evidenced by a reduction in brain TNF-α and oxidative stress. CONCLUSION Our data propose that acute and long-term activation of CB2R might prevent neuroinflammation and oxidative stress-associated sickness behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puspita Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Jayesh Mudgal
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Devinder Arora
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, MHIQ, QUM Network, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Manas Kinra
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Sanchari Basu Mallik
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Chamallamudi Mallikarjuna Rao
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - K S R Pai
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Madhavan Nampoothiri
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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Fernandes J, Mudgal J, Rao CM, Arora D, Basu Mallik S, Pai KSR, Nampoothiri M. N-acetyl-L-tryptophan, a substance-P receptor antagonist attenuates aluminum-induced spatial memory deficit in rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2018; 28:328-334. [PMID: 29185389 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2017.1411412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays an important role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. Neurokinin substance P is a key mediator which modulates neuroinflammation through neurokinin receptor. Involvement of substance P in Alzheimer's disease is still plausible and various controversies exist in this hypothesis. Preventing the deleterious effects of substance P using N-acetyl-L-tryptophan, a substance P antagonist could be a promising therapeutic strategy. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of N-acetyl-L-tryptophan on aluminum induced spatial memory alterations in rats. Memory impairment was induced using aluminum chloride (AlCl3) at a dose of 10 mg/kg for 42 d. After induction of dementia, rats were exposed to 30 and 50 mg/kg of N-acetyl-L-tryptophan for 28 d. Spatial memory alterations were measured using Morris water maze. Acetylcholinesterase activity and antioxidant enzyme glutathione level were assessed in hippocampus, frontal cortex and striatum. The higher dose of N-acetyl-L-tryptophan (50 mg/kg) significantly improved the aluminum induced memory alterations. N-acetyl-L-tryptophan exposure resulted in significant increase in acetylcholinesterase activity and glutathione level in hippocampus. The neuroprotective effect of N-acetyl-L-tryptophan could be due to its ability to block substance P mediated neuroinflammation, reduction in oxidative stress and anti-apoptotic properties. To conclude, N-acetyl-L-tryptophan may be considered as a novel neuroprotective therapy in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joylee Fernandes
- a Department of Pharmacology , Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University , Manipal , India
| | - Jayesh Mudgal
- a Department of Pharmacology , Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University , Manipal , India
| | | | - Devinder Arora
- a Department of Pharmacology , Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University , Manipal , India.,b School of Pharmacy , MHIQ, QUM Network, Griffith University , Goldcoast , Australia
| | - Sanchari Basu Mallik
- a Department of Pharmacology , Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University , Manipal , India
| | - K S R Pai
- a Department of Pharmacology , Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University , Manipal , India
| | - Madhavan Nampoothiri
- a Department of Pharmacology , Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University , Manipal , India
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Nayak VS, Kumar N, DSouza AS, Nayak SS, Pai KSR. Modulatory Role of Mucuna Pruriens against Aluminium Fluoride Induced Neuronal and Behavioural Alterations in Rats. J Clin Diagn Res 2018. [DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2018/31529.11424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Chaudhary S, Devkar RA, Bhere D, Setty MM, Pai KSR. Selective Cytotoxicity and Pro-apoptotic Activity of Stem Bark of Wrightia tinctoria (Roxb.) R. Br. in Cancerous Cells. Pharmacogn Mag 2016; 11:S481-7. [PMID: 26929585 PMCID: PMC4745221 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.168976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wrightia tinctoria (Roxb.) R. Br. is a widely available shrub in India used traditionally in various ailments, including cancer. However, the anticancer activity of the bioactive fractions has not been validated scientifically. OBJECTIVE To investigate the anticancer potential of stem bark of W. tinctoria and establish its phytochemical basis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ethanol extract and subsequent fractions, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and aqueous were prepared by standard methods. In vitro cytotoxicity was determined in MCF-7 (breast) and HeLa (cervical) adenocarcinoma cells, and V79 (nontumor fibroblast) cells and apoptogenic activity in MCF-7 cells by acridine orange (AO)/ethidium bromide (EB) staining. Additionally, the antioxidant potential was evaluated using suitable methods. High-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis was performed for identification of active phytoconstituents. RESULTS Petroleum ether and ethyl acetate fractions were most potent with IC50 values of 37.78 and 29.69 μg/ml in HeLa and 31.56 and 32.63 μg/ml in MCF-7 cells respectively in the sulforhodamine B assay. Comparable results were obtained in HeLa cells in 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and interestingly, the fractions were found to be safe to noncancerous fibroblast cells. Both fractions induced significant (P < 0.05) apoptotic morphological changes observed by AO/EB staining. Moreover, extract/fractions exhibited excellent inhibition of lipid peroxidation with the ethyl acetate fraction being most active (IC50:23.40 μg/ml). HPTLC confirmed the presence of two anti-cancer triterpenoids, lupeol, and β-sitosterol in active fractions. CONCLUSION Extract/fractions of W. tinctoria exhibit selective cytotoxicity against cancerous cells that is mediated by apoptosis. Fractions are less toxic to noncancerous cells; hence, they can be developed as safer chemopreventive agents. SUMMARY Petroleum ether and ethyl acetate fractions were most active and exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity in HeLa and MCF-7 cells.Fractions were relatively less toxic to non-tumor fibroblast cells demonstrating its selectivity to cancer cells.Fractions exhibited pro-apoptotic activity in MCF-7 cells in AO/EB staining.Lupeol and β-sitosterol were identified as anticancer constituents by HPTLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpee Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Raviraj Anand Devkar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Deepak Bhere
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Manganahalli Manjunath Setty
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Revathi R, Venkatesha Perumal R, Pai KSR, Arunkumar G, Sriram D, Kini SG. Design, development, drug-likeness, and molecular docking studies of novel piperidin-4-imine derivatives as antitubercular agents. Drug Des Devel Ther 2015; 9:3779-87. [PMID: 26229439 PMCID: PMC4516184 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s83047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains one of the major grievous diseases worldwide. The emergence of resistance to antituberculosis drugs emphasize the necessity to discover new therapeutic agents for preferential tuberculosis therapy. In this study, various novel 1-(1H-benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl) piperidin-4-imine derivatives were developed and checked for favorable pharmacokinetic parameters based on drug-likeness explained by Lipinski’s rule of five. All 20 of the novel chemical entities were found to possess a favorable pharmacokinetic profile since they were not violating Lipinski’s rule of five. The title compounds were also synthesized, characterized, and tested for ex vivo antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC27294). The results revealed that four compounds (2-[1-(1H-benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)piperidin-4-ylidene] hydrazinecarbothioamide, 2-[1-(1H-benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)piperidin-4-ylidene]-N-hydroxy-hydrazinecarbo-thioamide, 1-[1-(1H-benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)piperidin-4-ylidene]guanidine, and 2-[1-(1H-benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)piperidin-4-ylidene]hydrazinecarboxamide) were the most potent (minimum inhibitory concentration 6.25 µg/mL) antitubercular agents, with less toxicity (selectivity index more than 10). The molecules were also subjected to three-dimensional molecular docking on the crystal structure of enoyl-acyl carrier protein (EACP) reductase enzyme (code 1ZID, Protein Data Bank), which represents a good prediction of the interactions between the molecules and EACP reductase with minimum binding energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajappan Revathi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | | | - Dharmarajan Sriram
- Pharmacy Group, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India
| | - Suvarna Ganesh Kini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Chaudhary S, Chandrashekar KS, Pai KSR, Setty MM, Devkar RA, Reddy ND, Shoja MH. Evaluation of antioxidant and anticancer activity of extract and fractions of Nardostachys jatamansi DC in breast carcinoma. Altern Ther Health Med 2015; 15:50. [PMID: 25886964 PMCID: PMC4364107 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0563-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Nardostachys jatamansi DC is a Himalayan medicinal herb that has been described in various traditional systems of medicine for its use in cancer. In view of its traditional claims, and chemical constituents, antioxidant and anticancer activities were evaluated in breast carcinoma. Methods Petroleum ether (NJPE), methanol extract (NJM) and subsequent diethyl ether (NJDE), ethyl acetate (NJEA) and aqueous (NJAQ) fractions of roots and rhizomes of N. jatamansi were prepared. Total phenolic, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activities were determined using suitable methods. Antiproliferative activity was assessed in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive (MCF-7) and ER-negative breast carcinoma (MDA-MB-231) cells by MTT and SRB assay. Cell cycle analysis, Hoechst staining, and clonogenic assay were employed to determine the mode of antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic activity in MDA-MB-231 cells. Results NJM/fractions exhibited prominent antioxidant activity with significant correlation between phenolic content and ABTS (IC50) scavenging (R = −0.9680, P < 0.05), and total antioxidant capacity (R = 0.8396, P > 0.05). In MTT assay, NJM exhibited the highest antiproliferative activity (IC50: 58.01 ± 6.13 and 23.83 ± 0.69 μg/mL in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 respectively). Among the fractions, NJPE and NJDE were found to be most potent in MCF-7 (IC50: 60.59 ± 4.78 μg/mL) and MDA-MB-231 (IC50: 25.04 ± 0.90 μg/mL) cells respectively. Statistical analyses revealed NJM and NJDE exhibited significantly higher (P < 0.05) cytotoxicity in MDA-MB-231 cells. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated that NJM, NJPE and NJEA caused G2/M arrest while NJDE caused G0/G1 phase arrest in MDA-MB-231 cells. Further, NJM/fractions induced significant (P < 0.001) cell death by apoptosis characterized by apoptotic morphological changes in Hoechst staining and inhibited long-term proliferation (P < 0.001) of MDA-MB-231 cells in clonogenic assay. Lupeol and β-sitosterol were identified as anticancer principles in NJM/fractions by HPTLC. Conclusion Our results suggest that NJM/fractions possess significant antiproliferative potential which is mediated through cell cycle perturbation and pro-apoptotic effects in MDA-MB-231 cells. Moreover, this study highlights the antioxidant potential of NJM/fractions which can be attributed to the presence of phenols. NJDE emerged as the most potent fraction and further mechanistic and phytochemical investigations are under way to identify the active principles.
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Nayak PG, Talwar S, Bansal P, Mudgal J, Nandakumar K, Pai KSR. Reversal of Chronic Fatigue Induced Alterations by Sesamol in Mice: Evidence for Involvement of Oxidative Stress And Inflammatory Pathway. Value Health 2014; 17:A810. [PMID: 27203061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - S Talwar
- Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - P Bansal
- Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - J Mudgal
- Manipal University, Manipal, India
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17
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Nayak PG, Paul P, Bansal P, Kutty NG, Pai KSR. Sesamol prevents doxorubicin-induced oxidative damage and toxicity on H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. J Pharm Pharmacol 2013; 65:1083-93. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Exposure to toxicants like doxorubicin (Dox) damages cellular components by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). This can be attenuated using free radical scavengers and/or antioxidants.
Methods
Dox-exposed cardiac myoblasts (H9c2 cells) were treated with sesamol (12.5, 25 and 50 μm), a natural phenolic compound. Intracellular ROS inhibition, cell viability and analysis of antioxidant and biochemical markers such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, reduced/oxidized glutathione, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl content were performed. The effect of sesamol treatment on the cytotoxic and genotoxic parameters was studied by monitoring the signalling proteins involved in the apoptotic pathway.
Key findings
Dox triggered cellular and genetic damage by increasing levels of intracellular ROS, thereby decreasing cell viability and increasing apoptosis. Sesamol reversed the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of Dox. In addition, sesamol attenuated the pro-apoptotic proteins and improved the anti-apoptotic status. Sesamol pre-treatment also alleviated the disturbed antioxidant milieu by preventing ROS production and improving endogenous enzyme levels.
Conclusions
Among the different doses tested, 50 μm of sesamol showed maximum protection against Dox-induced oxidative damage. This reflects the significance of sesamol in ameliorating the deleterious effects associated with cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan G Nayak
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Piya Paul
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Punit Bansal
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Nampurath Gopalan Kutty
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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18
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Pai KSR, Srilatha P, Suryakant K, Setty MM, Nayak PG, Rao CM, Baliga MS. Anticancer activity of Berberis aristata in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing mice: a preliminary study. Pharm Biol 2012; 50:270-277. [PMID: 22085276 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2011.599035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Berberis aristata DC (Berberidaceae) is an important medicinal plant with claims of widespread medicinal value in indigenous medicine. It is used by herbal healers to treat oral cancers. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the antineoplastic activity of the extracts of Berberis aristata in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC)-bearing mice with cisplatin as positive control in the advanced stage of tumorigenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Brine shrimp lethality bioassay (BSL) of extracts and effect on the tumor cell viability in vitro were carried out. EAC was induced in Swiss albino mice by injecting 10(6) cell/mL of tumor cell suspension i.p. Antineoplastic activity of the aqueous and ethanol extracts (100 and 6.5 mg/kg i.p., respectively) was compared with that of cisplatin (3.5 mg/kg i.p.) on the parameters such as percentage increase in weight, median survival time, and hematology. RESULTS Ethanol extract attenuated percentage increase in weight gain (-6.86 ± 1.50) due to tumor cell proliferation and increased the survival time (19.5 days) when compared to control group (19.10 ± 2.31 and 16 days, respectively). However, the effect was less than that of cisplatin. In vitro cytotoxicity assay as well as BSL test showed the cytotoxic effect of the extracts. Cisplatin and the extracts reversed the tumor-induced alterations in total white blood cell count, differential leukocyte counts, total red blood cell count, and hemoglobin contents. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Of the two extracts, the ethanol extract was observed to be more efficient and the presence of alkaloids and flavonoids may be responsible for the observed anticancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S R Pai
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
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Bankar GR, Nayak PG, Bansal P, Paul P, Pai KSR, Singla RK, Bhat VG. Vasorelaxant and antihypertensive effect of Cocos nucifera Linn. endocarp on isolated rat thoracic aorta and DOCA salt-induced hypertensive rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2011; 134:50-54. [PMID: 21129472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2010] [Revised: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The fruits of Cocos nucifera Linn. (Arecaceae) have long been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of cardio-metabolic disorders. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the ethanolic extract of Cocos nucifera Linn. endocarp (CNE) for its vasorelaxant activity on isolated rat aortic rings and antihypertensive effects in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) salt-induced hypertensive rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cocos nucifera Linn. endocarp was extracted with ethanol and characterized by HPLC. CNE was examined for its in vitro vascular relaxant effects in isolated norepinephrine, phenylephrine or potassium chloride pre-contracted aortic rings (both intact endothelium and denuded). In vivo anti-hypertensive studies were conducted in DOCA salt-induced uninephrectomized male Wistar rats. RESULTS Removal of endothelium or pretreatment of aortic rings (intact endothelium) with l-NNA (10μM) or ODQ (10 μM) followed by addition of contractile agonists prior to CNE significantly blocked the CNE-induced relaxation. Indomethacin (10μM) and atropine (1 μM) partially blocked the relaxation, whereas glibenclamide (10 μM) did not alter it. CNE significantly reduced the mean systolic blood pressure in DOCA salt-induced hypertensive rats (from 185.3 ± 4.7 mmHg to 145.6±6.1 mmHg). The activities observed were supported by the polyphenols, viz. chlorogenic acid, vanillic acid and ferulic acid identified in the extract. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal that the vasorelaxant and antihypertensive effects of CNE, through nitric oxide production in a concentration and endothelium-dependent manner, is due to direct activation of nitric oxide/guanylate cyclase pathway, stimulation of muscarinic receptors and/or via cyclooxygenase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish R Bankar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
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Lamani DS, Reddy KRV, Naik HSB, Pai KSR, Kumar R, Naik HRP, Naik LR. Synthesis, antitumor, and DNA binding behavior of novel 4-(2-hydroxyquinolin-3-yl)-6-phenyl-5, 6 dihydropyrimidin derivatives in aqueous medium. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2010; 29:591-605. [PMID: 20661813 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2010.496275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This article deals with the synthesis of 4-(2-hydroxyquinolin-3-yl)-6-phenyl-5,6-dihydropyrimidin derivatives (2a-f), on condensation with various aromatic aldehydes and ketones in aqueous ethanolic NaOH solution yielding the corresponding chalcones (3). These chalcones were further reacted with thiourea/urea in the presence of a base, which led to the formation of the titled derivatives (2a-f). The newly synthesized heterocyles were characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, (1)HNMR, and electronic and mass spectral data. The compounds (2a and 2b) were evaluated for in vitro cyctotoxicity against human breast adenocarcinoma cell (MCF-7). In MTT cytotoxicity studies, both quinolinde derivatives were found most effective. The binding interaction behavior of the compound (2a) and (2d) with calf thymus-DNA (CT-DNA) was studied by electronic spectra, viscosity measurements, and thermal denaturation studies. On binding to CT-DNA, the absorption spectrum underwent bathochromic and hypochromic shifts. The binding constant (K(b)) observed 4.3 x 10(5) M(-1) for (2a), and 3.8 x 10(5) M(-1) for (2d) suggested that compound (2a) binds more strongly with base pairs than (2d).
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Affiliation(s)
- Devappa S Lamani
- Department of Studies in Industrial Chemistry, Jnana Sahyadri Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, Shimoga District, Karnataka, India
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Manjula SN, Kenganora M, Parihar VK, Kumar S, Nayak PG, Kumar N, Ranganath Pai KS, Rao CM. Antitumor and antioxidant activity of Polyalthia longifolia stem bark ethanol extract. Pharm Biol 2010; 48:690-696. [PMID: 20645743 DOI: 10.3109/13880200903257974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the ethanol extract of stem bark of Polyalthia longifolia Benth. and Hook (Annonaceae) was screened for its in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity. In vitro cytotoxicity of P. longifolia extract was assessed in murine cancer cells and in human cancer cells by Trypan blue exclusion assay and MTT assay, respectively. P. longifolia extract showed concentration-dependent cytotoxicity in Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma (EAC) and Dalton's ascites lymphoma (DLA) cells with IC50 values of 45.77 and 52.52 microg/mL, respectively. In the MTT assay, the IC50 values of P. longifolia extract against HeLa and MCF-7 cells were 25.24 and 50.49 microg/mL, respectively. In vivo antitumor activity against Ehrlich's ascites tumor and Dalton's solid tumor models was assessed by administering 50 and 100 mg/kg of P. longifolia extract, i.p., for 7 consecutive days. P. longifolia extract, at a dose of 100 mg/kg, significantly enhanced mean survival time (MST) and marginally improved hematological parameters when compared to EAC control mice. And the same dose significantly reduced the tumor volume as compared to control DLA inoculated mice. Positive control, cisplatin (3.5 mg/kg, i.p., single dose), significantly enhanced MST and improved hematological parameters when compared to EAC and significantly reduced the tumor volume when compared to DLA control. In vitro antioxidant potential of P. longifolia extract was also determined owing to the role of reactive oxygen species in tumor initiation and progression. P. longifolia extract scavenged DPPH radicals, reduced ferric ions and inhibited lipid peroxidation with IC50 values of 18.14, 155.41 and 73.33 microg/mL, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhepete N Manjula
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal, India
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Sathisha MP, Budagumpi S, Kulkarni NV, Kurdekar GS, Revankar VK, Pai KSR. Synthesis, structure, electrochemistry and spectral characterization of (D-glucopyranose)-4-phenylthiosemicarbazide metal complexes and their antitumor activity against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in Swiss albino mice. Eur J Med Chem 2009; 45:106-13. [PMID: 19854545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2009.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2009] [Revised: 09/09/2009] [Accepted: 09/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The novel glycosyl saccharide derivative, (D-glucopyranose)-4-phenylthiosemicarbazide (LH) and its complexes, with cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper(II) and zinc(II) were synthesized, characterised and tested for cytotoxic effects. The copper complex, [CuLCl] inhibited Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) induced cancer cell lines in Swiss albino mice at LC50=1.94 x 10(-8) (LC50=2.76 x 10(-8) for cisplatin) and so distinctly better than free ligand and other complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Sathisha
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, Karnatak University, Pavate Nagar, Dharwad 580 003, Karnataka, India
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Sathisha MP, Shetti UN, Revankar VK, Pai KSR. Synthesis and antitumor studies on novel Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) metal complexes of bis(3-acetylcoumarin)thiocarbohydrazone. Eur J Med Chem 2007; 43:2338-46. [PMID: 18023933 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2007.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2007] [Revised: 10/01/2007] [Accepted: 10/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, structure, physico-chemical investigation and biological studies of some metal complexes of thiocarbohydrazone ligands are described. The ligand is obtained by condensation of N,N'-thiocarbohydrazide with 3-acetylcoumarin. The metal complexes of Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) with bis(3-acetylcoumarin)thiocarbohydrazone were synthesized and isolated as solid products and characterized by analytical means as well as by spectral techniques such as FT-IR, (1)H NMR and EPR and UV spectrometry. The ligand acts as bidentate, through NO or NN, neutral in coordinating the M(II) ions. The bonding sites are the azomethine nitrogen, lactone carbonyl oxygen and respective anion counterparts. The metal complexes exhibit either octahedral or distorted octahedral structures. The complexes are found to be soluble in dimethylformamide and dimethylsulphoxide. Molar conductance values in dimethylsulphoxide indicate the non-electrolytic nature of the complexes. The compounds tested in present study have shown promising cytotoxic activity when screened using the in vitro method and at the same time were shown to have good activity when tested using the Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma model. Preliminary antimicrobial screening shows the promising results against both bacterial and fungal strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Sathisha
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, Karnatak University, Pavate Nagar, Dharwad 580 003, Karnataka, India
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Sriharsha SN, Pai KSR, Shashikanth S, Chandra N, Prabhu KR. Synthesis, Docking and Anti-Tumor Activity of β-L-1,3-Thiazolidine Pyrimidine Nucleoside Analogues. Med Chem 2007; 3:425-32. [PMID: 17897066 DOI: 10.2174/157340607781745500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the search for effective, selective, and nontoxic antiviral and antitumor agents, a variety of strategies have been devised to design nucleoside analogues. Here we have described the versatile synthesis of beta-L-1,3-thiazolidine nucleoside analogues. These analogues are all derived from the key stereochemically defined intermediate N-tert-butoxy-carbonyl-4-hydroxymethyl-1,3-thiazolidine-2-ol which was accessible in 57% yield starting from L-Cysteine methylester hydrochloride. N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-2-acyloxy-4-trityloxymethyl-1,3-thiazolidine was coupled with the pyrimidine bases in the presence of Lewis acids stannic chloride or trimethyl silyl triflate following Vorbruggen procedure. Proof of the structure and configuration was obtained through (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, Mass, elemental analysis and NOE experiments. Docking and antitumor activity of these nucleoside analogues are also reported.
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