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Condotta SA, Downey J, Pardy RD, Valbon SF, Tarrab E, Lamarre A, Divangahi M, Richer MJ. Cyclophilin D Regulates Antiviral CD8 + T Cell Survival in a Cell-Extrinsic Manner. Immunohorizons 2020; 4:217-230. [PMID: 32332052 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2000016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cell-mediated immunity is critical for host defense against viruses and requires mitochondria-mediated type I IFN (IFN-I) signaling for optimal protection. Cyclophilin D (CypD) is a mitochondrial matrix protein that modulates the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, but its role in IFN-I signaling and CD8+ T cell responses to viral infection has not been previously explored. In this study, we demonstrate that CypD plays a critical extrinsic role in the survival of Ag-specific CD8+ T cell following acute viral infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in mice. CypD deficiency resulted in reduced IFN-I and increased CD8+ T cell death, resulting in a reduced antiviral CD8+ T cell response. In addition, CypD deficiency was associated with an increase in pathogen burden at an early time-point following infection. Furthermore, our data demonstrate that transfer of wild-type macrophages (expressing CypD) to CypD-deficient mice can partially restore CD8+ T cell responses. These results establish that CypD plays an extrinsic role in regulating optimal effector CD8+ T cell responses to viral infection. Furthermore, this suggests that, under certain circumstances, inhibition of CypD function may have a detrimental impact on the host's ability to respond to viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Condotta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Downey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
- McGill International TB Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Ryan D Pardy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Stefanie F Valbon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Esther Tarrab
- Laboratoire d'Immunovirologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada; and
| | - Alain Lamarre
- Laboratoire d'Immunovirologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada; and
| | - Maziar Divangahi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
- McGill International TB Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Martin J Richer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada;
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
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Casetti R, Sacchi A, Bordoni V, Grassi G, Cimini E, Besi F, Pinnetti C, Mondi A, Antinori A, Agrati C. In Human Immunodeficiency Virus primary infection, early combined antiretroviral therapy reduced γδ T-cell activation but failed to restore their polyfunctionality. Immunology 2019; 157:322-330. [PMID: 31206171 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary and chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection alters γδ T-cell features. However, there is no evidence about early combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) and γδ T-cell dynamics. In the present study, HIV-positive individuals were divided into those with early primary infection (EPI) and those with late primary infection (LPI). The analysis of γδ T cells was performed by flow cytometry before and after therapy. Polyfunctional profile was assessed after in vitro peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) exposure to specific antigens. The results show that primary infection induced an expansion of Vδ1 T cells in LPI. Before treatment, a massive activation of γδ T-cell subsets was observed in both groups of patients, that correlated with disease progression and was significantly reduced after cART introduction. Despite this, CD107A-expressing Vδ1 T cells in both groups were significantly fewer than in healthy donors, but were restored by therapy introduction. Polyfunctional analysis of Vδ1 T cells from HIV-positive individuals revealed a lower frequency of CD107A+ CCL-4+ Vδ1 T-cell subsets than healthy donors that persists after therapy. Functional profile of Vδ2 was similar to that in healthy donors before therapy but, at 6 months, a lower frequency of CD107A, interferon-γ- or tumor necrosis factor-α-producing Vδ2 T cells was observed in the EPI group. Finally, individuals with LPI showed a lower frequency of quadruple-functional Vδ2 T-cell subset. In conclusion, during primary HIV infection, the baseline Vδ1 T-cell activation is correlated with immune reconstitution potential. Moreover, an altered γδ polyfunctional profile occurred, persisting after cART. Further studies are needed to understand whether a longer treatment of primary infection may increase γδ T-cell functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Casetti
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sacchi
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Bordoni
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Germana Grassi
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cimini
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Besi
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmela Pinnetti
- Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Mondi
- Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Antinori
- Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Agrati
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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HIV-Specific CD8 T Cells Producing CCL-4 Are Associated With Worse Immune Reconstitution During Chronic Infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2017; 75:338-344. [PMID: 28418988 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000001392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunological nonresponse represents the Achilles heel in the combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) effectiveness, and increases risk of clinical events and death. CD8 T cells play a crucial role in controlling HIV replication, and polyfunctional HIV-specific CD8 T cells have been associated with nonprogressive HIV infection. However, the possible role of polyfunctional CD8 T cells in predicting posttreatment immune reconstitution has not yet been explored. The aim of this study was to identify functional markers predictive of immunological response to cART in chronic HIV-infected patients. METHODS A cohort of chronic HIV-infected individuals naive to cART were enrolled in the ALPHA study. CD4/CD8 T-cell subsets, their differentiation/activation, as well as susceptibility to apoptosis were analyzed before and after 12 months of cART. Moreover, CD8 T cells polyfunctional response after HIV antigenic stimulation was also assessed. RESULTS Results showed a significant correlation between worse CD4 T-cell restoration and low frequency of naive CD4 T cells, high frequency of effector memory CD4 T cells, and high susceptibility to apoptosis of CD4 T cells all before cART. Moreover, CD8 functional subsets expressing total C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 (CCL-4) or in combination with CD107a and interferon gamma (IFNγ) were negatively associated with immune reconstitution. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our study shows that a more differentiated phenotype of CD4 T cells and CCL-4-producing CD8 T cells could represent valuable predictors of worse immune reconstitution. These parameters may be used as tools for identifying patients at risk of immunological failure during cART and eventually represent the basis for innovative therapeutic strategies.
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Casetti R, De Simone G, Sacchi A, Rinaldi A, Viola D, Agrati C, Bordoni V, Cimini E, Tumino N, Besi F, Martini F. Vγ9Vδ2 T-Cell Polyfunctionality Is Differently Modulated in HAART-Treated HIV Patients according to CD4 T-Cell Count. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132291. [PMID: 26161861 PMCID: PMC4498914 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Alteration of γδ T-cell distribution and function in peripheral blood is among the earliest defects during HIV-infection. We asked whether the polyfunctional response could also be affected, and how this impairment could be associated to CD4 T-cell count. To this aim, we performed a cross-sectional study on HIV-infected individuals. In order to evaluate the polyfunctional-Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell response after phosphoantigen-stimulation, we assessed the cytokine/chemokine production and cytotoxicity by flow-cytometry in HAART-treated-HIV+ persons and healthy-donors. During HIV-infection Vγ9Vδ2-polyfunctional response quality is affected, since several Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell subsets resulted significantly lower in HIV+ patients in respect to healthy donors. Interestingly, we found a weak positive correlation between Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell-response and CD4 T-cell counts. By dividing the HIV+ patients according to CD4 T-cell count, we found that Low-CD4 patients expressed a lower number of two Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell subsets expressing MIP-1β in different combinations with other molecules (CD107a/IFNγ) in respect to High-CD4 individuals. Our results show that the Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell-response quality in Low-CD4 patients is specifically affected, suggesting a direct link between innate Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells and CD4 T-cell count. These findings suggest that Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell quality may be indirectly influenced by HAART therapy and could be included in a new therapeutical strategy which would perform an important role in fighting HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Casetti
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, "Lazzaro Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele De Simone
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, "Lazzaro Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sacchi
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, "Lazzaro Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rinaldi
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, "Lazzaro Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Viola
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, "Lazzaro Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Agrati
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, "Lazzaro Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Bordoni
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, "Lazzaro Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cimini
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, "Lazzaro Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Tumino
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, "Lazzaro Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Besi
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, "Lazzaro Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Martini
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, "Lazzaro Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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