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Neina D, Agyarko-Mintah E. The Terra Preta Model soil for sustainable sedentary yam production in West Africa. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15896. [PMID: 37168885 PMCID: PMC10165410 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Current declines in yam yields amidst increasing cultivated areas, land scarcity, and population surges call for more sustainable sedentary yam production systems. This study explored the nature of Amazonian Dark Earths (ADEs) as a basis for the formation of a related soil type known as the Terra Preta Model (TPM) soil for future sedentary yam systems. It builds on the influence of human beings in soil management and the formation of Anthrosols. Previous studies on the ADEs and biochar were synthesized to establish the fundamental assumptions required to form the TPM soil. The practical approach to forming the TPM soils is based on the intentional, integrated and prolonged use of biochar, municipal solid wastes, agro-industry wastes and products of ecological sanitation. Tillage options such as mounding, ridging, trenching and sack farming could be used for yam production on the TPM soils. Unlike natural soils, the longevity of ADE fertility is subject to debate depending on crops grown and cropping cycles. Therefore, a crop rotation plan is recommended to maintain the fertility of the TPM soils. The TPM soils, if adopted, are considered worthwhile for the long-term benefit of biodiversity conservation, efficient waste management, enhanced ecosystem services provided by soils and extensive adoption of ecological sanitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Neina
- Department of Soil Science, P.O. Box LG 245, School of Agriculture, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Corresponding author.
| | - Eunice Agyarko-Mintah
- Biotechnology & Nuclear Agricultural Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, P. O. Box LG 80, Legon, Accra, Ghana
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Boughattas I, Zitouni N, Mkhinini M, Missawi O, Helaoui S, Hattab S, Mokni M, Bousserrhine N, Banni M. Combined toxicity of Cd and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on the earthworm Eisenia andrei under biochar amendment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:34915-34931. [PMID: 36525191 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24628-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Due to anthropogenic activities, various pollutants can be found in agricultural soil, such as cadmium (Cd) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). They are highly toxic and can have a negative impact on soil fertility. For remediation strategies, biochar has acquired considerable attention due to its benefits for agriculture. However, we should recognize the ecological risk posed by biochar use. In addition, little is known about its non-desirable effects on soil organisms such as earthworms, especially in the case of soil remediation. In this study, earthworms (Eisenia andrei) were exposed to soil contaminated with Cd (0.7 mg/kg), (2,4-D) (7 mg/kg), and a mixture of the two in the presence and absence of biochar (2%). A 7- and 14-day incubation experiment was carried out for this purpose. Cd and 2,4-D uptakes in earthworms' tissues, oxidative stress, cytotoxic response, DNA damage, histopathological changes, and gene expression level were assessed. Results suggested that biochar increased the bioavailability of Cd and 2,4-D and the frequency of micronuclei (MNi) and decreased the lysosomal membrane stability (LMS) in earthworms. Also, histopathological examination detected numerous alterations in animals exposed to the contaminants without any amelioration when biochar was added. The biochemical response of earthworms in terms of oxidative stress demonstrates that in the presence of biochar, animals tend to alleviate the toxicity of Cd and 2,4-D. This was also supported by transcriptomic analyses where expression gene levels related to oxidative stress were upregulated in earthworms exposed to Cd and 2,4-D + biochar. The present investigation brought new insights concerning the use of biochar in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iteb Boughattas
- Laboratory of Agrobiodiversity and Ecotoxicology, Higher Institute of Agronomy Chott Mariem, Sousse University, Sousse, Tunisia.
- Regional Field Crops Research Center of Beja, Beja, Tunisia.
| | - Nesrine Zitouni
- Laboratory of Agrobiodiversity and Ecotoxicology, Higher Institute of Agronomy Chott Mariem, Sousse University, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Marouane Mkhinini
- Laboratory of Agrobiodiversity and Ecotoxicology, Higher Institute of Agronomy Chott Mariem, Sousse University, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Omayma Missawi
- Laboratory of Agrobiodiversity and Ecotoxicology, Higher Institute of Agronomy Chott Mariem, Sousse University, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Sondes Helaoui
- Laboratory of Agrobiodiversity and Ecotoxicology, Higher Institute of Agronomy Chott Mariem, Sousse University, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Sabrine Hattab
- Regional Research Centre in Horticulture and Organic Agriculture, Chott Mariem, 4042, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Moncef Mokni
- Department of Pathology, CHU Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Noureddine Bousserrhine
- Laboratory of Water Environment and Urban Systems, University Paris-Est Créteil, cedex 94010, Creteil, France
| | - Mohamed Banni
- Laboratory of Agrobiodiversity and Ecotoxicology, Higher Institute of Agronomy Chott Mariem, Sousse University, Sousse, Tunisia
- Higher Institute of Biotechnology, Monastir University, Monastir, Tunisia
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Ameen F, Al-Homaidan AA. Improving the efficiency of vermicomposting of polluted organic food wastes by adding biochar and mangrove fungi. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131945. [PMID: 34426272 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Vermicomposting of food waste amended with biochar and cow dung was studied during a 90-day composting period. The improvement of the vermicomposting process by adding three mangrove fungal species as additional amendments were studied. The use of mangrove fungi Acrophialophora jodhpurensis as a bio-catalytic actor during vermicomposting proved to be beneficial in terms of final compost quality (available N, P and K) and the shortening of the composting period. All three fungal species, however, reached the neutral pH at the end of the composting period and appeared to be beneficial. Heavy metal (Cd, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cu and Cr) concentrations decreased throughout the composting process. Food waste can be treated using vermicomposting with biochar, cow dung and the mangrove fungi A. jodhpurensis. The final vermicomposting product is suitable for agricultural use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuad Ameen
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ali A Al-Homaidan
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Kelova ME, Ali AM, Eich-Greatorex S, Dörsch P, Kallenborn R, Jenssen PD. Small-scale on-site treatment of fecal matter: comparison of treatments for resource recovery and sanitization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:63945-63964. [PMID: 33666847 PMCID: PMC8610962 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12911-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
On-site small-scale sanitation is common in rural areas and areas without infrastructure, but the treatment of the collected fecal matter can be inefficient and is seldom directed to resource recovery. The aim of this study was to compare low-technology solutions such as composting and lactic acid fermentation (LAF) followed by vermicomposting in terms of treatment efficiency, potential human and environmental risks, and stabilization of the material for reuse in agriculture. A specific and novel focus of the study was the fate of native pharmaceutical compounds in the fecal matter. Composting, with and without the addition of biochar, was monitored by temperature and CO2 production and compared with LAF. All treatments were run at three different ambient temperatures (7, 20, and 38°C) and followed by vermicomposting at room temperature. Materials resulting from composting and LAF were analyzed for fecal indicators, physicochemical characteristics, and residues of ten commonly used pharmaceuticals and compared to the initial substrate. Vermicomposting was used as secondary treatment and assessed by enumeration of Escherichia coli, worm density, and physicochemical characteristics. Composting at 38°C induced the highest microbial activity and resulted in better stability of the treated material, higher N content, lower numbers of fecal indicators, and less pharmaceutical compounds as compared to LAF. Even though analysis of pH after LAF suggested incomplete fermentation, E. coli cell numbers were significantly lower in all LAF treatments compared to composting at 7°C, and some of the anionic pharmaceutical compounds were detected in lower concentrations. The addition of approximately 5 vol % biochar to the composting did not yield significant differences in measured parameters. Vermicomposting further stabilized the material, and the treatments previously composted at 7°C and 20°C had the highest worm density. These results suggest that in small-scale decentralized sanitary facilities, the ambient temperatures can significantly influence the treatment and the options for safe reuse of the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya E. Kelova
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Fougnerbakken 3, NO-1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Aasim M. Ali
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science (KBM), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Chr. M. Falsens vei 1, NO-1433 Ås, Norway
- Department of Contaminants and Biohazards, Institute of Marine Research, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Susanne Eich-Greatorex
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Fougnerbakken 3, NO-1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Peter Dörsch
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Fougnerbakken 3, NO-1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Roland Kallenborn
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science (KBM), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Chr. M. Falsens vei 1, NO-1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Petter D. Jenssen
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Fougnerbakken 3, NO-1433 Ås, Norway
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Paul S, Kauser H, Jain MS, Khwairakpam M, Kalamdhad AS. Biogenic stabilization and heavy metal immobilization during vermicomposting of vegetable waste with biochar amendment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 390:121366. [PMID: 31690503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Vermicomposting is a traditional technology that produces the best quality of compost, but factors such as maturity, presence of heavy metals, etc. need to be tackled prior to agrarian application. The present study investigates the influence of varying biochar dose (2.5, 5, and 10% on a weight basis) on the maturity of compost and heavy metals during vermicomposting of vegetable waste using epigeic earthworm. Biochar amendment notably enhanced the electrical conductivity (up to 2.7 mS/cm), nitrogen content (up to 3.1%), NO3-N (up to 630 mg/kg) and nutritional value. The heavy metals, oxygen uptake rate (below 0.96 mg/g VS/day) and CO2 evolution rate (below 1 mg/g VS/day) were attenuated along with degradation of complex organic crystals as observed in powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD) spectra. Furthermore, biochar aid in reducing pathogens (below 1.1 × 103 MPN/g dry weight) as inferred from the Most Probable Number (MPN) results as well as degrading the complex organics into simpler compounds as revealed from the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra. The present study inferred that the vegetable waste was biologically stabilized through biochar amendment during vermicomposting process with improved nutritional and physico-chemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Paul
- Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Guwahati, Assam, India.
| | - Heena Kauser
- Centre for Rural Technology, IIT Guwahati, Assam, India.
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Effebi KR, Ballet GT, Seka MA, Baya DT, N'takpe BL. Physicochemical and microbiological characterization of human faeces and urine from composting toilets in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2019; 40:293-301. [PMID: 28971740 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1387610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the physicochemical and microbiological properties of composting toilet products in Abidjan for their potential use in agriculture. Samples of urine and faeces were collected and analysed after 123 days of storage in plastic cans (urine) and 8 months of storage in closed composting bags (faeces). Selected physicochemical parameters (ammonium, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium) and pathogens (bacteria and helminths eggs) were monitored. Results showed that temperature and pH values were 26.0°C and 7.2, and 27.6°C and 8.6 for the faeces and urine, respectively. The physicochemical analysis revealed high nutrient contents and low trace metal levels in the faeces-based compost. Concentrations of magnesium, cadmium, copper, lead and zinc ranged from 0.46 to 54.98 mg/kg; while those of phosphorus, potassium and calcium were >700 mg/kg on average. In urine, the concentrations of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, copper and zinc were 930, 1240, 1402.8, 0.0672 and 0.121 mg/L, respectively. Various bacteria (including total coliforms, faecal coliforms, faecal streptococci and anaerobic sulphite reducers), along with Ascaris lombricoïds (1.66 eggs/g), were found in the faeces-based compost. Our findings indicate that the faeces-based compost was not homogeneous, namely with regard to the microbiological parameters, and additional time would be necessary to bring it to stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Effebi
- a Laboratory of Geoscience and Environment , University of Nangui Abrogoua , Abidjan , Côte d'Ivoire
| | - G T Ballet
- b Laboratory of Environment Sciences , University of Nangui Abrogoua , Abidjan , Côte d'Ivoire
| | - M A Seka
- b Laboratory of Environment Sciences , University of Nangui Abrogoua , Abidjan , Côte d'Ivoire
| | - D T Baya
- c Laboratory of Water and Sanitation , University of Liège , Arlon , Belgium
| | - B L N'takpe
- a Laboratory of Geoscience and Environment , University of Nangui Abrogoua , Abidjan , Côte d'Ivoire
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7
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Gong X, Cai L, Li S, Chang SX, Sun X, An Z. Bamboo biochar amendment improves the growth and reproduction of Eisenia fetida and the quality of green waste vermicompost. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 156:197-204. [PMID: 29550437 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Vermicomposting is a promising method for reusing urban green waste. However, high lignin content in the green waste could hinder the development of earthworm and microorganisms and the vermicomposting process, resulting in a low-quality vermicompost product. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of bamboo biochar addition (at 0%, 3%, and 6% on a dry w/w basis) on the activity of Eisenia fetida and the obtained vermicompost. Biochar addition increased (P < 0.05) earthworm biomass, juvenile and cocoon numbers of Eisenia fetida, as well as the activities of dehydrogenase, cellulase, urease and alkaline phosphatase. Compared to the control, lignin degradation rate was enhanced up to 13.89% by biochar addition. Biochar addition also improved the vermicompost quality in terms of cation exchange capacity (CEC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) degradation, humification, nitrogen transformation, toxicity to germinating seeds (Brassica rapa L., Chinensis group) and heavy metals concentrations. The 6% bamboo biochar addition rate achieved maturity after 60 days of vermicomposting and resulted in the highest quality vermicompost based on parameters such as CEC, DOC, NH4+-N/NO3--N ratio, germination index and heavy metal concentration. We conclude that 6% biochar addition promoted earthworm growth and the vermicomposting of green waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Gong
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China; Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E3
| | - Linlin Cai
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Suyan Li
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Scott X Chang
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E3
| | - Xiangyang Sun
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Zhengfeng An
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E3
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Mia S, Uddin ME, Kader MA, Ahsan A, Mannan MA, Hossain MM, Solaiman ZM. Pyrolysis and co-composting of municipal organic waste in Bangladesh: A quantitative estimate of recyclable nutrients, greenhouse gas emissions, and economic benefits. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 75:503-513. [PMID: 29439929 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Waste causes environmental pollution and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions when it is not managed sustainably. In Bangladesh, municipal organic waste (MOW) is partially collected and landfilled. Thus, it causes deterioration of the environment urging a recycle-oriented waste management system. In this study, we propose a waste management system through pyrolysis of selective MOW for biochar production and composting of the remainder with biochar as an additive. We estimated the carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) recycling potentials in the new techniques of waste management. Waste generation of a city was calculated using population density and per capita waste generation rate (PWGR). Two indicators of economic development, i.e., gross domestic product (GDP) and per capita gross national income (GNI) were used to adopt PWGR with a projected contribution of 5-20% to waste generation. The projected PWGR was then validated with a survey. The waste generation from urban areas of Bangladesh in 2016 was estimated between 15,507 and 15,888 t day-1 with a large share (∼75%) of organic waste. Adoption of the proposed system could produce 3936 t day-1 biochar blended compost with an annual return of US $210 million in 2016 while it could reduce GHG emission substantially (-503 CO2 e t-1 municipal waste). Moreover, the proposed system would able to recover ∼46%, 54%, 54% and 61% of total C, N, P and K content in the initial waste, respectively. We also provide a projection of waste generation and nutrient recycling potentials for the year 2035. The proposed method could be a self-sustaining policy option for waste management as it would generate ∼US$51 from each tonne of waste. Moreover, a significant amount of nutrients can be recycled to agriculture while contributing to the reduction in environmental pollution and GHG emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamim Mia
- Centre for Carbon, Water and Food, The University of Sydney, Camden, Australia; Department of Agronomy, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Ektear Uddin
- Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdul Kader
- Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Bangladesh; School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, WA, Australia; School of Agriculture and Food Technology, University of South Pacific, Samoa
| | - Amimul Ahsan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Uttara University, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; Department of Civil and Construction Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M A Mannan
- Department of Agronomy, Bangabhandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Bangladesh
| | | | - Zakaria M Solaiman
- School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Andreev N, Ronteltap M, Boincean B, Lens PNL. Lactic acid fermentation of human excreta for agricultural application. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 206:890-900. [PMID: 29207302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.11.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies show that source separated human excreta have a fertilizing potential with benefits to plant growth and crop yield similar or exceeding that of mineral fertilizers. The main challenges in fertilizing with excreta are pathogens, and an increased risk of eutrophication of water bodies in case of runoff. This review shows that lactic acid fermentation of excreta reduces the amount of pathogens, minimizes the nutrient loss and inhibits the production of malodorous compounds, thus increasing its agricultural value. Pathogens (e.g., Enterobacteriacea, Staphylococcus and Clostridium) can be reduced by 7 log CFUg-1 during 7-10 days of fermentation. However, more resistant pathogens (e.g. Ascaris) are not always efficiently removed. Direct application of lacto-fermented faeces to agriculture may be constrained by incomplete decomposition, high concentrations of organic acids or insufficient hygienization. Post-treatment by adding biochar, vermi-composting, or thermophilic composting stabilizes and sanitizes the material. Pot and field experiments on soil conditioners obtained via lactic acid fermentation and post treatment steps (composting or biochar addition) demonstrated increased crop yield and growth, as well as improved soil quality, in comparison to unfertilized controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadejda Andreev
- UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, PO Box 3015, 2601 DA, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Mariska Ronteltap
- UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, PO Box 3015, 2601 DA, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Boris Boincean
- Research Institute for Field Crops, Selectia, 28 Calea Ieşilor str, MD 3101 Balti, Moldavia
| | - Piet N L Lens
- UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, PO Box 3015, 2601 DA, Delft, The Netherlands
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