1
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Roy AK, Mondal R, Roy A, Bhattacharyya S, Chaudhuri P. A quantitative comparison of macro-plastic debris between undisturbed and populous coastal ecosystems of West Bengal, India. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 202:116340. [PMID: 38598930 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Unmanaged plastic debris from both terrestrial and aquatic sources is causing havoc on Indian coastlines. Tajpur Beach and Haliday Island were selected as two distinct coastal ecosystems in West Bengal for inventorying sighted macro-plastics, aiming to assess their distribution and compare pollution levels. This study employs a comprehensive methodological approach, integrating field-based observations along with lab-based measurements, and information derived from geospatial analysis. Total 34 random points across two study sites were considered for the physical, chemical, and biological characterization of macro-plastics to assess their relative abundance. Areas with higher human footfalls exhibited greater accumulation of plastic debris, with polypropylene, either alone or in combination with polyurethane and polystyrene, identified as highly toxic. Fragmented plastic debris was prevalent at both test sites, yet undisturbed Haliday Island exhibited an abundance of less fragmented materials. Emphasis was also given on implementing appropriate management regimes to achieve plastic-free diverse coastal landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asit Kumar Roy
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Riashree Mondal
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Anirban Roy
- Virology Laboratory, DAC Regional Research Institute (CCRH), Kolkata 700035, India
| | | | - Punarbasu Chaudhuri
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India.
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2
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Delavari Heravi M, Haddadi M, Karami Nejad F, Izadi Yazdanabadi Z, Haghighat GA. A comparative study of indexes used for litter pollution assessment in urban and public environments. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24954. [PMID: 38317978 PMCID: PMC10838791 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Litter is a common pollution in the urban environment and public places such as beaches, which has serious health and economic consequences. Several indexes are used to interpret the pollution status caused by litter, which have different limitations and strengths. In this review, the efficiency and characteristics of different indexes were compared. For this purpose, related articles were searched in Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Knowledge, and after screening, 21 articles were selected. The main questions of this study included factors affecting the interpretation of pollution in different indexes and the criteria considered in each index. The results showed that the existing indexes based on the type of litter include two categories of comprehensive indexes such as Clean Environment Index and specific indexes such as Cigarette Butt Pollution Index. Also, the index can be divided into two categories in terms of spatial application, including general indexes such as Environmental Status and specific indexes such as Clean Coast Index. An important difference in the indexes is the importance of the impact of the pollution potential of different litter in the assessment of the status in indexes such as Clean Environment Index and Environmental Status, while indexes such as Clean Coast Index evaluate the status based only on the density of litter. According to the capabilities of each of the indexes, it is necessary to pay attention to the local needs as well as the characteristics of each index in using in urban management plans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahdieh Haddadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Karami Nejad
- Environmental Health Engineering Expert, Boyer Ahmad City Health Center , Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | | | - Gholam Ali Haghighat
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
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3
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Priyanka EB, Vivek S, Thangavel S, Sampathkumar V, Al-Zaqri N, Warad I. Forecasting and meta-features estimation of wastewater and climate change impacts in coastal region using manifold learning. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 240:117355. [PMID: 37863164 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
South Asia's coastlines are the most densely inhabited and economically active ecosystems have already begun to shift due to climate change. Over the past century, climate change has contributed to a gradual and considerable rise in sea level, which has eroded shorelines and increased storm-related coastal flooding. The differences in estuary water quality over time, both seasonally and annually, have been efficiently controlled by changes in stream flow. Assessment requires digitized analytical platforms to lower the risk of catastrophes associated with climate change in coastal towns. To predict future changes in an area's vulnerability and waste planning decisions, a prospective investigation requires qualitative and quantitative scenarios. The paper concentrates on the development of a forecasting platform to evaluate the climate change and waste water impacts on the south coastal region of India. Due to the enhancement of Digitization, a multi-model ensemble combined with manifold learning is implemented on the multi-case models influencing the uncertainty probability rate of 23% and can be ignored with desired precaution on the coastal environmental. Because Manifold Learning Analysis results cannot be utilized directly in wastewater management studies because of their inherent biases, a statistical bias correction and meta-feature estimation have been implemented. Within the climate-hydrology modeling chain, the results demonstrate a wide range of expected changes in water resources in some places. Experimental statistics reveal that the forecasted rate of 91.45% will be the better choice to reduce the uncertainty of climatic change and wastewater management.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Priyanka
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, 638060, India.
| | - S Vivek
- Department of Civil Engineering, GMR Institute of Technology, Razam, Andra Pradesh, 532127, India.
| | - S Thangavel
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, 638060, India.
| | - V Sampathkumar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, 638060, India.
| | - Nabil Al-Zaqri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ismail Warad
- Department of Chemistry, AN-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine; Research Centre, Manchester Salt & Catalysis, Unit C, 88- 90 Chorlton Rd, M15 4AN Manchester, United Kingdom.
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4
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Camargo PSS, Domingues ADS, Palomero JPG, Cenci MP, Kasper AC, Dias PR, Veit HM. c-Si PV module recycling: Analysis of the use of a mechanical pre-treatment to reduce the environmental impact of thermal treatment and enhance materials recovery. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2023; 41:1661-1673. [PMID: 37300404 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x231166308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The current increase in the use of photovoltaic (PV) energy demands the search for solutions to recycle end-of-life modules. This study evaluated the use of a mechanical pre-treatment in the thermal recycling of c-Si crystalline PV modules, which were submitted to recycling routes to separate and concentrate the materials of interest. The first route was constituted by only thermal treatment, and the second route was constituted by a mechanical pre-treatment to remove the polymers from the backsheet, and subsequent thermal treatment. The exclusively thermal route was performed at 500°C, varying dwell times between 30 and 120 minutes in the furnace. In this route, the best results were obtained in 90 minutes, with a maximum degradation of 68% of the polymeric mass. In route 2, a micro-grinder rotary tool was used to remove the polymers from the backsheet and, subsequently, thermal treatment performed at 500°C, with dwell times in the furnace ranging between 5 and 30 minutes. The mechanical pre-treatment removed about 10.32 ± 0.92% of the mass of the laminate PV module. By this route, only 20 minutes of thermal treatment were needed for the total decomposition of the polymers, that is, a reduction of 78% in the oven time. With route 2, it was possible to obtain a concentrate with 30 times more silver than the PV laminate and 40 times more than a high-concentration ore. Furthermore, with route 2 it was possible to reduce the environmental impact of heat treatment and energy consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrey da Silva Domingues
- Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Guê Palomero
- Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Pilotto Cenci
- Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Angela Cristina Kasper
- Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Pablo Ribeiro Dias
- Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- School of Photovoltaics and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales - UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hugo Marcelo Veit
- Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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5
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Kurniawan TA, Othman MHD, Liang X, Goh HH, Gikas P, Kusworo TD, Anouzla A, Chew KW. Decarbonization in waste recycling industry using digitalization to promote net-zero emissions and its implications on sustainability. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 338:117765. [PMID: 36965421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Digitalization and sustainability have been considered as critical elements in tackling a growing problem of solid waste in the framework of circular economy (CE). Although digitalization can enhance time-efficiency and/or cost-efficiency, their end-results do not always lead to sustainability. So far, the literatures still lack of a holistic view in understanding the development trends and key roles of digitalization in waste recycling industry to benefit stakeholders and to protect the environment. To bridge this knowledge gap, this work systematically investigates how leveraging digitalization in waste recycling industry could address these research questions: (1) What are the key problems of solid waste recycling? (2) How the trends of digitalization in waste management could benefit a CE? (3) How digitalization could strengthen waste recycling industry in a post-pandemic era? While digitalization boosts material flows in a CE, it is evident that utilizing digital solutions to strengthen waste recycling business could reinforce a resource-efficient, low-carbon, and a CE. In the Industry 4.0 era, digitalization can add 15% (about USD 15.7 trillion) to global economy by 2030. As digitalization grows, making the waste sector shift to a CE could save between 30% and 35% of municipalities' waste management budget. With digitalization, a cost reduction of 3.6% and a revenue increase of 4.1% are projected annually. This would contribute to USD 493 billion in an increasing revenue yearly in the next decade. As digitalization enables tasks to be completed shortly with less manpower, this could save USD 421 billion annually for the next decade. With respect to environmental impacts, digitalization in the waste sector could reduce global CO2 emissions by 15% by 2030 through technological solutions. Overall, this work suggests that digitalization in the waste sector contributes net-zero emission to a digital economy, while transitioning to a sustainable world as its social impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Skudai, Malaysia
| | - Xue Liang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Hui Hwang Goh
- School of Electrical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Petros Gikas
- Technical University of Crete, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Chania, Greece
| | - Tutuk Djoko Kusworo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia
| | - Abdelkader Anouzla
- Department of Process Engineering and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Kit Wayne Chew
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 637459, Singapore
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6
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Zhang Y, Zhou C, Du J, Wang M, Wu W, Liu G. Material flow analysis and characteristics of multiple-source organic solid wastes from a perspective of ecological network analysis: A case study in Hefei, China. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2023; 41:987-996. [PMID: 36404770 PMCID: PMC10170583 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x221136467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The numerous resources are consumed and a large number of multiple-source organic solid wastes are discharged during urban metabolic, which put pressures to environment. This study combined material flow analysis and ecological network analysis to comprehensively analyse the metabolism of multiple-source organic solid waste in Hefei. Analysing current metabolic characteristics of urban multiple-source organic solid waste and relationships between the components of metabolic system can help urban environmental management. The internal material flows of the system were analysed by a metabolic network containing 5 nodes and 18 pathways, which revealed metabolic characteristics of multiple-source organic solid waste in Hefei. The study showed that the metabolic system of multiple-source organic solid waste was relatively stable though distribution of internal flows changed in 8 years. The metabolic environment and agricultural sector covered a relatively large weight in this model. The control and exploitation relationships dominated the metabolic system. The urban metabolic mechanism reflected in this research can improve efficiency of urban metabolic resource, optimize waste management and provide data support for sustainable urban development. This study provided scientific guidance for metabolic research in Hefei and similar cities in China's rapid economic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Chuncai Zhou
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Jiao Du
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Min Wang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Wentao Wu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Guijian Liu
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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7
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Farzadkia M, Alinejad N, Ghasemi A, Rezaei Kalantary R, Esrafili A, Torkashvand J. Clean environment index: A new approach for litter assessment. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2023; 41:368-375. [PMID: 35959868 PMCID: PMC9925890 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x221117093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Littered waste is one of the ubiquitous problems in urban environments. In this study, urban environmental pollution was evaluated for the first time using a new developed index. The findings indicated that cigarette butts with an average 58% are the largest share in the composition of littered waste. In addition, the numbers of littered wastes throughout the study area had a spatial variation. According to clean environment index (CEI), the entire study area was found to be in a moderate status. However, 40% of the study areas were classified in a dirty and extremely dirty status. Comparison of the studied urban land-uses showed that residential land use with CEI equal to 3.38 is interpreted in the clean status, while commercial land use with CEI equal to 15.05 can be classified in the dirty status. The application of CEI has a good capability to assess littered waste; this index can be employed to evaluate the pollution of urban sidewalks and other environments such as beaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Farzadkia
- Research Center for Environmental
Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health
Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran
| | - Navid Alinejad
- Department of Public Health, Fasa
University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Ghasemi
- Department of Public Health, Fasa
University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Roshanak Rezaei Kalantary
- Research Center for Environmental
Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health
Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran
| | - Ali Esrafili
- Research Center for Environmental
Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health
Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran
| | - Javad Torkashvand
- Research Center for Environmental
Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health
Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran
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8
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Chen H, Chen F, Chen H, Liu H, Chen L, Yu L. Thermal degradation and combustion properties of most popular synthetic biodegradable polymers. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2023; 41:431-441. [PMID: 36250214 PMCID: PMC9925886 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x221129054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Various products made from biodegradable polymers have been increasing rapidly in the market since the use of non-biodegradable materials has been banned, particularly for the disabled packaging materials. Burning remains the most popular method that is increasingly used in treating city wastes. The impact of these polymers on environmental during thermal degradation and combustion is an important issue for city waste management. In this work, the thermal degradation and combustion behaviours of the most popular synthetic biodegradable polymers in the market, poly(lactide acid) (PLA), poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL), poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) and polyhydroxyalkenoates (PHA), are investigated. Both isothermal and non-isothermal thermal decomposition in oxygen and nitrogen environment were studied using thermogravimetric analysis combining with differential scanning calorimeter and coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatograph/mass spectroscopy. The combustion behaviour was investigated by a combustion colorimeter. The study results show that thermal degradation temperatures are PCL > PBS > PLA > PBAT > PHA. The thermal decomposition of all the polyesters started from scission reaction (cis-elimination), and then a stereoselective cis-elimination, which resulted in the formation of trans-crotonic acid and its oligomers. They all decomposed into CO2 and water in excess oxygen environment above 800°C. Various chemical products with smaller molecules were detected under oxygen-free conditions, including oligomers and unsaturated carboxylic acid. The order of the total heat release of the materials from high to low is as follows: PHA > PCL > PBAT > PBS > PLA. The combustion values of these polyesters are lower than those of polyolefins; thus, they will not damage furnace used currently. The results provide some important and useful data for managing these new city waste.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Long Yu
- Long Yu, Centre for Polymer from
Renewable Resources, School of Food Science and Engineering, South
China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Papamichael I, Chatziparaskeva G, Voukkali I, Navarro Pedreno J, Jeguirim M, Zorpas AA. The perception of circular economy in the framework of fashion industry. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2023; 41:251-263. [PMID: 36690647 PMCID: PMC9983045 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x221126435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Humanity's three main components are energy, food and clothing. Each of us, individually and collectively, contributes to climate change and CO2 emissions, natural resource consumption, and social attitudes and behaviour. Global fashion trends are expected to increase in value from 1.5 trillion dollars in 2020 to around 2.25 trillion dollars by 2025, indicating that the fashion demand is on the rise. Due to climate change, soil and water scarcity, and a variety of other diseases, new natural resources must be developed from plastic fibres, natural colours must replace synthetic ones, water consumption must be reduced and the 'buy-and-throw-away philosophy' must be replaced with 'buy-less-and-these-are-needed' and incorporate the 12 'R' strategies to aid the transition to a circular economy. In the context of waste management as well as on the development of new strategy approach, the fashion industry requires a new business circular model and furthermore a new mindset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliana Papamichael
- Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and
Engineering Sustainability, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Open University of
Cyprus, Latsia, Cyprus
| | - Georgia Chatziparaskeva
- Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and
Engineering Sustainability, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Open University of
Cyprus, Latsia, Cyprus
| | - Irene Voukkali
- Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and
Engineering Sustainability, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Open University of
Cyprus, Latsia, Cyprus
| | - Jose Navarro Pedreno
- Department of Agrochemistry and
Environment, University Miguel Hernandez of Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - Mejdi Jeguirim
- The Institute of Materials Science of
Mulhouse (IS2M), University of Haute Alsace, University of Strasbourg, Mulhouse,
France
| | - Antonis A Zorpas
- Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and
Engineering Sustainability, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Open University of
Cyprus, Latsia, Cyprus
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Wang CQ, Chen S, Huang DM, Huang QC, Tu MJ, Wu K, Liu YY. Human carcinogenic risk analysis and utilization of shale gas water-based drilling cuttings in road materials. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:12741-12768. [PMID: 36114966 PMCID: PMC9483462 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23006-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Water-based drilling cuttings (WDC) generated during shale gas development will endanger human health and ecological security. The modern analytical techniques are used to analyze the organic pollutants in WDC, and the human health and ecological security risks of harmful pollutants in WDC under specific scenarios are evaluated. The results showed that the content of organic pollutants in WDC was evaluated by human health and safety risk assessment. The comprehensive carcinogenic risks of all exposure pathways of single pollutant benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene were acceptable. However, the cumulative carcinogenic risk of exposure to dibenzo(a,h)anthracene particles via skin exposure was not acceptable. It was considered that only dibenzo(a,h)anthracene had carcinogenic effect, and the risk control limit of dibenzo(a,h)anthracene in WDC was 1.8700 mg/kg by calculation. As well as, the "WDC-cement" gel composite structure was deeply analyzed, and the physical and chemical properties and mechanism of organic pollutants in cement solidified WDC were analyzed, which provided theoretical support for the study of WDC pavement cushion formula. Based on the above conclusions and combined with the actual site, by studying and adjusting the formula of WDC pavement cushion, the WDC pavement cushion was finally designed by 6% cement + 50% WDC + 44% crushed stone. The 7d unconfined compressive strength met the requirements of the Chinese standard "Technical Guidelines for Construction of Highway Roadbases" (JTG/T F20-2015). Also, the process route of WDC as road cushion product was sampled and analyzed. In addition, the leaching concentration of main pollutants all met the relevant standards of China. Therefore, this study can provide a favorable way for the efficient, safe, and environmentally friendly utilization of WDC, and ensure the ecological environment safety and human health safety of WDC in resource utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Qiang Wang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China
- Chongqing Haopan Energy Saving Technology Co., Ltd, Chongqing, 401329, China
- Chongqing Institute of Modern Construction Industry Development, Chongqing, 400066, China
| | - Shen Chen
- School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China
| | - De-Ming Huang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China
| | - Qi-Cong Huang
- Chongqing Institute of Modern Construction Industry Development, Chongqing, 400066, China
| | - Min-Jie Tu
- CSCEC Strait Construction and Development Co., Ltd, Fuzhou, 350015, China
| | - Kai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China.
| | - Yan-Yan Liu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China
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11
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Papamichael I, Zorpas AA. End-of-waste criteria in the framework of end-of-life PV panels concerning circular economy strategy. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2022; 40:1677-1679. [PMID: 36218237 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x221132886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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12
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D'Adamo I, Sassanelli C. A mini-review of biomethane valorization: Managerial and policy implications for a circular resource. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2022; 40:1745-1756. [PMID: 35698797 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x221102249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The green transition requires renewable energy resources, especially the role of biomass is very crucial as it promotes resource circularity if sustainable substrates are used. This mini-review focuses on green gas derived from biomass called biomethane, which appears to be strategic in the face of soaring energy costs. Hence, combined Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats-Analytic Hierarchy Process analysis is used to compare and evaluate the critical factors. The results provide not only methodological insights through the application of the local-global priority method, but also managerial insights that see biomethane as a winning element for the green transition, fighting climate change and reducing dependence on external energy sources. Subsidies have played a key role in pursuing economic sustainability; however, their use should be reduced over time and measured to the actual contribution related to environmental and social improvement. The results of this work highlight that biomethane development is important to tackle climate change and to be self-sufficient from an energy perspective. This development plan, based on circularity of resources, includes subsidies for small-scale plants, substrates from neighbouring territories, citizen involvement in decision-making processes, valorization of suitable waste from an environmental perspective and stability of political choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idiano D'Adamo
- Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Sassanelli
- Department of Mechanics, Mathematics and Management, Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
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Colpo I, Martins MES, Buzuku S, Sellitto MA. Industrial symbiosis in Brazil: A systematic literature review. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2022; 40:1462-1479. [PMID: 35289680 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x221084065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study describes how industrial symbiosis is reposed in studies dealing with the Brazilian context. This study was based on a systematic literature review in the Scopus and Web of Science databases, relying on the Prisma method and a research protocol. The results embrace quantitative and qualitative aspects such as the number of publications, the territorial scope of the studies, authors and keywords networks. The sample was also segregated into three categories, theoretical works, opportunities and formed networks, reporting the presence of industrial symbiosis in Brazil in the extant literature. The main contribution of this research is to aggregate the studies already published in the international literature, demonstrate how the IS is reported and how they can be expanded in territories or business cases not yet portrayed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliane Colpo
- Graduate Program in Production Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Shqipe Buzuku
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Geology and Mineralogy, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
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14
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Papamichael I, Pappas G, Siegel JE, Zorpas AA. Unified waste metrics: A gamified tool in next-generation strategic planning. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 833:154835. [PMID: 35346704 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A gamification approach for tackling waste management planning and urban development provide a more engaging and interactive experience with high pedagogical potential. Existing serious games involving waste management are complex in their data ingestion, use, and presentation, limiting individuals' opportunities to gain knowledge and decision-making skills transferrable to the real world. Simulations, by comparison, provide either an oversimplified and unrealistic user interface or explore in depth individual rather than aggregate key performance indicators for waste management, limiting potential knowledge retention. There is a clear opportunity in creating an informative, easy-to-use simulation-based game to help stakeholders build understanding of waste management policies, performance, and causal relationships. This gamified tool provides clear feedback through quick-visibility performance indicators (i.e., waste accumulation index, waste compositional analysis, prevention activities etc.) and offers the opportunity, through multi-criteria decision making, of simulating real-life scenarios and previewing the possible outcomes of certain in-game actions. The research question is how the process of gamification might serve as powerful tool for educating decision makers. The results are considered as a reference point to any policy maker intending to assess environmental performance, proposed activities to reach Circular Economy targets, and European Green Deal and UN Sustainable Development Goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliana Papamichael
- Open University of Cyprus, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, and Engineering Sustainability, Giannou Kranidioti, 33, 2220, Latsia, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Georgios Pappas
- National Technical University of Athens, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Zografou, Athens 15780, Greece; Open University of Cyprus, Lab of Educational Material and Methodology, Giannou Kranidioti 33, 2220, Latsia, Nicosia, Cyprus; Michigan State University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States.
| | - Joshua E Siegel
- Michigan State University, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States.
| | - Antonis A Zorpas
- Open University of Cyprus, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, and Engineering Sustainability, Giannou Kranidioti, 33, 2220, Latsia, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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15
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Life Cycle Assessment Model of a Catering Product: Comparing Environmental Impacts for Different End-of-Life Scenarios. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15155423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper assesses the primary energy and environmental impacts of a restaurant main course product’s lifecycle, especially focusing on end-of-life (EoL) stage. In the first step, a cradle-to-grave complex life cycle assessment (LCA) model of the product has been set up from the extraction of the required raw materials through the preparation, cooking and use phase to the end-of-life. In the second step, three scenarios (landfilling, incineration, and composting) were compared for the generated food waste in the end-of-life stage given that one of the biggest challenges in waste management is the optimal management of food waste. We calculated eleven environmental impact categories for the examined food product with the help of GaBi 9.0 software. During our research work, the primary energy was examined in each phase. In the third step, a comparison between the traditional and “sous vide” cooking technologies has been created to optimise of the cooking/frying life cycle phase. This paper basically answers three main questions: (1) How can the main environmental impacts and primary energy throughout the whole life cycle of the examined product be characterised? (2) What methods can optimise the different life cycle stages while reducing and recycling energy and material streams? and (3) what is the most optimal waste management scenario at the end-of-life stage? Based on the analysis, the highest environmental impact comes from the preparation phase and the end-of-life scenario for the traditional incineration caused almost twice the environmental load as the landfilling of the food waste. Composting has the lowest environmental impact, and the value of the primary energy for composting is very low. The sous vide cooking technique is advantageous, and the continuously controlled conditions result in a more reliable process. These research results can be used to design sustainable cooking and catering with lower environmental impacts and energy resources in catering units.
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Abstract
Following the publication of the 2011 United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Green Economy Report, the UNWTO published the Tourism in the Green Economy report as clear evidence of the tourism sector’s growing influence on green economy. This paper provides the first narrative review on green tourism economy based on all available published research. The paper synthesizes existing knowledge, reviews responses and initiatives on green tourism, and suggests future research and methodological approaches to help advance this field. The Scopus and WoS databases were used for the bibliometric study. The results are structured into three sections—challenges, opportunities, and enabling conditions—which comprehensively cover the main themes.
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Key Points of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) for Wastewater, Organic Pollutants and Pharmaceutical Waste Treatment: A Mini Review. CHEMENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemengineering6010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Advanced oxidation procedures (AOPs) refer to a variety of technical procedures that produce OH radicals to sufficiently oxidize wastewater, organic pollutant streams, and toxic effluents from industrial, hospital, pharmaceutical and municipal wastes. Through the implementation of such procedures, the (post) treatment of such waste effluents leads to products that are more susceptible to bioremediation, are less toxic and possess less pollutant load. The basic mechanism produces free OH radicals and other reactive species such as superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide, etc. A basic classification of AOPs is presented in this short review, analyzing the processes of UV/H2O2, Fenton and photo-Fenton, ozone-based (O3) processes, photocatalysis and sonolysis from chemical and equipment points of view to clarify the nature of the reactive species in each AOP and their advantages. Finally, combined AOP implementations are favored through the literature as an efficient solution in addressing the issue of global environmental waste management.
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Osra FA, Osra KA, Jones P, Osra OA, Suhartini N, Alzahrani JS, Mirza AZ. Public Space and Solid Waste Facilities in Makkah. ARABIAN JOURNAL OF GEOSCIENCES 2022; 15:957. [PMCID: PMC9080979 DOI: 10.1007/s12517-022-10231-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rapid urban development and modernization in Makkah have led to an increase in urban infrastructure needs. The city of Makkah is a main destination for the global Islamic pilgrimage and is highly utilized for major infrastructure and building expansion including processes of densification. As a consequence of Hajj and Umrah activities, the city experiences a major annual upward trajectory of public space usage and solid waste production which caters to the needs of temporary activities targeted to foreign visitors. These circumstances lead to issues of inefficiencies in the management of public services in the city, particularly in the provision of public space and solid waste management for residents. Within this context, the aim of this paper is to understand the development of public space in Makkah and the level of services delivered to local residents based on residents’ perspectives on services provided in formal and informal settlements in Makkah. The study contributes to the gap in research on public space and waste handling in Makkah. Interviews addressing resident characteristics and public space with the quality of solid waste provision in Makkah are presented. An explanation of residents’ preferences for public space was also presented. At different times of the day, in the year 2018, the observations were carried out to identify usage patterns by the residents. The paper accomplishes this by presenting significant points for developments in community space and solid waste management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal A. Osra
- Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Islamic Architecture, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A. Osra
- The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques Institute for Hajj and Umrah Research, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Paul Jones
- Sydney School of Architecture, Design and Planning, the University of Sydney, Darlington, Australia
| | - Oumr A. Osra
- Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Islamic Architecture, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ninik Suhartini
- School of Architecture, Planning and Policy Development, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Jaber S. Alzahrani
- Industrial Engineering Department, Al-Qunfudhah Engineering College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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An Integrated SWOT-PESTLE-AHP Model Assessing Sustainability in Adaptive Reuse Projects. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11157134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In the recent past, sustainable development has been considered a major issue for urban and regional studies. Adaptive reuse appears to be a practical solution for sustainable urban development. Beyond and in addition to a conceptual base consistent with circular economy and sustainability principles, how do we know if adaptive reuse is actually sustainable, provided that it constitutes a multidisciplinary and multilevel process? The present study aims at evaluating, in as much as feasible quantitative terms, adaptive reuse practices sustainability. This was attained using a set of indicators, developed combining PESTLE (the Political, Economic, Technical, Social, Legal, and Environmental aspects) and SWOT (the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) approaches, of which the results were subjected to evaluation by experts (pairwise comparisons), following the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The indicators representing strengths and opportunities of the process were calculated to be of higher value (overall level of final cumulative indicators values; 70.4%) compared with indicators representing weaknesses and threats. Enhancing strengths and opportunities and counteracting weaknesses and threats contribute making the potential of adaptive reuse practices in urban sustainability more evident. Among analysis dimensions, political and economic aspects rank first, followed by environmental, socio-cultural, technological-technical, and legal aspect. The empirical results of this paper serve as a useful reference point for decision-making and policy formulation addressing adaptive reuse practices in sustainable development strategies.
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Measuring the Level of Environmental Performance on Coastal Environment before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study from Cyprus. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13052485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tourism activities are considered, among others, the backbone of the local economies. However, tourism activities lead to adverse environmental impacts, especially in coastal zones. Coastal areas are considered and recognized as of strategic importance due to the fact that several activities take place, from leisure to business. At the same time, coastal areas are under pressure from tourist activities, and the waste generated is a very serious issue. Therefore, there are limited studies related to the environmental dimensions of the COVID-19 pandemic in the coastal environment. This paper provides answers to the hypothesis that the pandemic lockdown scenario would improve environmental performance due to reduced usage and, therefore, waste, taking into account specific key performance indicators (KPIs) as these KPIs are used to evaluate the performance of an area. The results showed that the study area improved, as did the selected KPIs, i.e., clean coast index (CCI), waste accumulation rate (WAR), and waste accumulation index (WAI). Additionally, according to the final results, the concentration of micro-, meso- and macroplastics on the beach reduced, and the main issues remained the solutions on cigarette butts, straws, and other plastic containers. Furthermore, the final results are considered very useful to local authorities, stakeholders, consultants, policymakers, and any other competent authorities, to reschedule their waste management strategies, to improve waste infrastructures and their level of services (LOS), as well as, to suggest frequent awareness-raising activities to their visitors on how to protect the coastal environment, taking into account a pandemic scenario, as well as, the policy alternative impacts on EU coastal zones 2000–2050.
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