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Piri-Gharaghie T, Ghajari G, Hassanpoor M, Jegargoshe-Shirin N, Mona Soosanirad, Khayati S, Farhadi-Biregani A, Mirzaei A. Investigation of antibacterial and anticancer effects of novel niosomal formulated Persian Gulf Sea cucumber extracts. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14149. [PMID: 36938478 PMCID: PMC10018472 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical companies worldwide are scrambling to develop new ways to combat cancer and microbiological pathogens. The goal of this research was to investigate the antibacterial, anticancer, and apoptosis effects of novel niosomal formulated Persian Gulf Sea cucumber extracts (SCEs). Sea cucumber methanolic extracts were prepared and encapsulated in niosome nanoparticles using thin-film hydration. The compound was made up of Span 60 and Tween 60 blended with cholesterol in a 3:3:4 M ratios. Characterization of niosome-encapsulated SCE evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The disk diffusion method and microtiter plates were used to investigate the antimicrobial activity. The effect of niosome-encapsulated SCE on cell proliferation and apoptosis induction was studied using MTT and Annexin V, respectively. The expression of apoptosis-related genes, including Bax, Fas, Bax, Bak, and Bcl2, was studied using quantitative real-time PCR. Niosome-encapsulated SCE with a size of 80.46 ± 1.31 and an encapsulation efficiency of 79.18 ± 0.23 was formulated. At a concentration of 100 μg/ml, the greatest antimicrobial effect of the niosome-encapsulated SCE was correlated to Staphylococcus aureus, with an inhibition zone of 13.16 mm. The findings of the study revealed that all strains were unable to produce biofilms at a concentration of 100 μg/ml niosome-encapsulated SCE (p < 0.001). The survival rate of cancer cells after 72 h of exposure to niosome-encapsulated SCE was 40 ± 3.0%. Encapsulated SCE in niosomes inhibited cell progression in MCF-7 cells by increasing G0/G1 and decreasing S phase relative to G2/M phase; as a result, it activated the apoptosis signaling pathway and led to the induction of apoptosis in 69.12 ± 1.2% of tumor cells by increasing the expression of proapoptotic genes (p < 0.001). The results indicate that sea cucumber species from the Persian Gulf are a promising source of natural chemicals with antibacterial and anticancer properties, paving the path for novel marine natural products to be discovered. This is the first demonstration that niosome-encapsulated SCE contains antibacterial and anticancer chemicals that, according to their specific characteristics, boost antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohid Piri-Gharaghie
- Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Biotechnology, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, East-Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding author. Biotechnology Research Center, East-Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ghazal Ghajari
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Hassanpoor
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Neda Jegargoshe-Shirin
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mona Soosanirad
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Factuly of Biological Sciences, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahr-e-Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e-Rey, Iran
| | - Shahoo Khayati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Farhadi-Biregani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Amir Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Parand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Parand, Iran
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Bukha KK, Sharif EA, Eldaghayes IM. The One Health concept for the threat of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 to marine ecosystems. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONE HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2022.48-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a global health threat. This virus is the causative agent for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Pandemic prevention is best addressed through an integrated One Health (OH) approach. Understanding zoonotic pathogen fatality and spillover from wildlife to humans are effective for controlling and preventing zoonotic outbreaks. The OH concept depends on the interface of humans, animals, and their environment. Collaboration among veterinary medicine, public health workers and clinicians, and veterinary public health is necessary for rapid response to emerging zoonotic pathogens. SARS-CoV-2 affects aquatic environments, primarily through untreated sewage. Patients with COVID-19 discharge the virus in urine and feces into residential wastewater. Thus, marine organisms may be infected with SARS-CoV-2 by the subsequent discharge of partially treated or untreated wastewater to marine waters. Viral loads can be monitored in sewage and surface waters. Furthermore, shellfish are vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Filter-feeding organisms might be monitored to protect consumers. Finally, the stability of SARS-CoV-2 to various environmental factors aids in viral studies. This article highlights the presence and survival of SARS-CoV-2 in the marine environment and its potential to enter marine ecosystems through wastewater. Furthermore, the OH approach is discussed for improving readiness for successive outbreaks. This review analyzes information from public health and epidemiological monitoring tools to control COVID-19 transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khawla K. Bukha
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Ehab A. Sharif
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Ibrahim M. Eldaghayes
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
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Mezali K, Lebouazda Z, Slimane-Tamacha F, Lila Soualili D. Biometry, size structure and reproductive cycle of the sanded sea cucumbers Holothuria poli (Echinodermata, Holothuriidae) from the west Algerian coast. INVERTEBR REPROD DEV 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2022.2033331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karim Mezali
- Protection, Valorization of Coastal Marine Resources and Molecular Systematics Laboratory, Department of Marine Science and Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, Abdelhamid Ibn Badis University, Mostaganem, Algeria
| | - Zineb Lebouazda
- Protection, Valorization of Coastal Marine Resources and Molecular Systematics Laboratory, Department of Marine Science and Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, Abdelhamid Ibn Badis University, Mostaganem, Algeria
| | - Farah Slimane-Tamacha
- Protection, Valorization of Coastal Marine Resources and Molecular Systematics Laboratory, Department of Marine Science and Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, Abdelhamid Ibn Badis University, Mostaganem, Algeria
| | - Dina Lila Soualili
- Protection, Valorization of Coastal Marine Resources and Molecular Systematics Laboratory, Department of Marine Science and Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, Abdelhamid Ibn Badis University, Mostaganem, Algeria
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4
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Mert-Ozupek N, Basbinar Y, Uysal-Kilic T, Koz O, Ellidokuz H, Cavas L. Semi-Purified Saponins of Holothuria poli Associated Antiproliferation in Tumor Cell Lines. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:1511-1518. [PMID: 34459328 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1952630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of cancer has exhibited an increasing trend in recent years because of many reasons such as environmental and nutritional factors. There is a great need for the development of new and natural molecules with lower side effects in the therapy of cancer. It was aimed to evaluate the antiproliferative effect of semi-purified triterpene glycosides of Holothuria poli on different human cancer cell lines. The body walls of H. poli as the main sources of saponins were used and the saponin content of the extract was characterized by MALDI-TOF/MS. The antiproliferation activity of the characterized extract was tested on cancer cell lines. The extract showed antiproliferative effect on the studied cancer cell lines. The mass analysis results reveal that Holothurin A is one of the saponins within the extract. The measured IC50 values were found as 31.41 ± 2.20, 77.45 ± 0.23, and 34.79 ± 0.90 µg mL-1 for HT-29, UPCI-SCC-131, and T84 cell lines, respectively. H. poli secretes not only specific saponins but also a cocktail of them. Specific versus. cocktails of the saponins and by also applying organic modification must be studied in further research to understand their mechanisms in the antiproliferation studies since this paper reveals promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazli Mert-Ozupek
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Basic Oncology, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Basbinar
- Institute of Oncology, Department of Translational Oncology, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Tugba Uysal-Kilic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
| | - Omer Koz
- Department of Chemistry, Bursa Technical University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Hulya Ellidokuz
- Institute of Oncology, Department of Preventive Oncology, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Levent Cavas
- Department of Chemistry, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
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Mohammadi Movahed M, Hosseini SA, Akbary P, Hajimoradloo A, Hedayati SAA. Antibacterial activity of muscle wall extracts of sea cucumber (Stichopus horrens) from Chabahar coastal area, Iran, against pathogenic bacteria in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2021.1967161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohana Mohammadi Movahed
- Faculty of Fisheries and Environment Sciences, Fisheries and Aquatic Ecology group, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Seyed Abbas Hosseini
- Faculty of Fisheries and Environment Sciences, Fisheries and Aquatic Ecology group, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Paria Akbary
- Faculty of Marine Sciences, Fisheries group, Chabahar Maritime University, Chabahar, Iran
| | - Abdolmajid Hajimoradloo
- Faculty of Fisheries and Environment Sciences, Fisheries and Aquatic Ecology group, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Akbar Hedayati
- Faculty of Fisheries and Environment Sciences, Fisheries and Aquatic Ecology group, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
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Marchese P, Garzoli L, Gnavi G, O'Connell E, Bouraoui A, Mehiri M, Murphy JM, Varese GC. Diversity and bioactivity of fungi associated with the marine sea cucumber Holothuria poli: disclosing the strains potential for biomedical applications. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 129:612-625. [PMID: 32274883 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Identification of the mycobiota associated to the marine echinoderm Holothuria poli and investigation of cytotoxic and pro-osteogenic potential of isolated strains. METHODS AND RESULTS Fungal strains were isolated from the animal's body-wall, intestine and faeces. The species identification was based on DNA barcoding and morphophysiological observations. Forty-seven species were identified, all are Ascomycota and mainly belonging to Aspergillus and Penicillium genera. Sixteen strains were grown on three media for chemical extraction. Cytotoxic activity was tested on a hepatic cancer cell line (HepG2), the cells viability was evaluated after treatment using a resazurin based assay (AlamarBlue). Pro-osteogenic activity was tested on human Mesenchymal stem cell, differentiation was measured as the alkaline phosphatase production through reaction with p-nitrophenylphosphate or as the cells ability to mineralize calcium using a colorimetric kit (StanBio). Cytotoxic activity was recorded for four fungal species while five of 48 extracts highlighted bioactivity towards human mesenchymal stem cells. CONCLUSIONS The presence of relevant animal-associated mycobiota was observed in H. poli and selected strains showed cytotoxic potential and pro-osteogenic activity. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Our work represents the first report of a Mediterranean Sea cucumber mycobiota and highlights the isolates potential to synthetize compounds of pharmaceutical interest for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Marchese
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - L Garzoli
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - G Gnavi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - E O'Connell
- Genomics and Screening Core, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - A Bouraoui
- Laboratoire de dévelopement chimique, galénique et pharmacologique des médicaments, Universite de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - M Mehiri
- Marine Natural Products Team, Institute of Chemistry of Nice, University Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - J M Murphy
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - G C Varese
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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7
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Kwon TR, Oh CT, Bak DH, Kim JH, Seok J, Lee JH, Lim SH, Yoo KH, Kim BJ, Kim H. Effects on skin of Stichopus japonicus viscera extracts detected with saponin including Holothurin A: Down-regulation of melanin synthesis and up-regulation of neocollagenesis mediated by ERK signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 226:73-81. [PMID: 30102992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Stichopus japonicus (sea cucumber), edible traditional food in Asia, and its extracts are renowned for their wound healing, pain relieving, and cosmetic effects in traditional medicine. Holothurins, toxins isolated from sea cucumber, are thought to be active components for their beneficial effects. However, researchers have yet to outline specific mechanisms thereof. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was designed to evaluate the anti-melanogenic and anti-wrinkle properties of S. japonicus viscera extracts (VF) on the skin via in vitro and ex vivo experiments and to assess the anti-aging effects of S. japonicus viscera extracts in relation to known wound healing and cosmetic processes. MATERIALS AND METHODS The viscera of live S. japonicus specimens were freeze dried and ground into a powder. Aqueous extracts were subsequently prepared from the concentrated powder using a water extraction method. To investigate the inhibitory effects of VF on melanogenesis, mushroom tyrosinase activity assay and melanin assay were performed on Melan-A cells. To further delineate the anti-melanogenic properties of VF, western blot analysis for tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2, MITF, and ERK was conducted. Changes in collagen synthesis in human dermal fibroblast (HDF) were evaluated via CCK-8 assay and immunocytochemistry to determine the anti-wrinkle effects of VF. Finally, anti-aging properties were examined in a human skin equivalent ex vivo model. RESULTS In Melan-A cells, VF treatment reduced melanin contents in a concentration-dependent manner. The anti-melanogenic effects of VF appeared to be due to enzymatic inhibition of tyrosinase. In CCK-8 assay, VF also significantly increased the viability of HDFs in a concentration-dependent manner. Immunoblot analysis revealed phosphorylation of ERK in HDFs treated with VF. In a human skin equivalent ex vivo model (Neoderm®-ED), VF treatment at a concentration of 50 μg/ml enhanced collagen type IV and Ki-67 expression and downregulated MMP-9 expression. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that aqueous extracts from S. japonicus viscera are effective whitening and anti-aging agents that stimulate ERK signaling to inhibit melanin synthesis and promote collagen synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Rin Kwon
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Taek Oh
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Research & Development Center, Green Cross WellBeing Corporation, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Bak
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hwan Kim
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Seok
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Lee
- Research & Development Center, Green Cross WellBeing Corporation, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hwan Lim
- Research & Development Center, Green Cross WellBeing Corporation, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Ho Yoo
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Center, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesu Kim
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Center, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Kareh M, El Nahas R, Al-Aaraj L, Al-Ghadban S, Naser Al Deen N, Saliba N, El-Sabban M, Talhouk R. Anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory activities of the sea cucumber Holothuria polii aqueous extract. SAGE Open Med 2018; 6:2050312118809541. [PMID: 30455947 PMCID: PMC6236865 DOI: 10.1177/2050312118809541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Sea cucumbers are considered among the most important functional foods.
Following bioassay guided fractionation, we assessed the anti-proliferative
and anti-inflammatory activities of Holothuria polii
(H. polii) extracts. Methods: Sea cucumber ethanolic extract and the partially purified aqueous fractions
were assessed for their anti-proliferative activities. These latter
bioactivities were evaluated in the highly invasive MDA-MB-231 human breast
cancer cells in two-dimensional and three-dimensional cultures using trypan
blue exclusion assay. The tumor-suppressive effects of sea cucumber
ethanolic extract and aqueous fractions were assayed by measuring the
trans-well invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells and the expression of some
epithelial mesenchymal transition markers using quantitative
reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis.
The anti-inflammatory activity of the aqueous fraction was tested by
measuring the secreted levels of interleukin-6, nitric oxide, and matrix
metalloproteinase 9 in endotoxin-induced mammary epithelial SCp2 cells and
interleukin-1β in phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-activated human monocytic
THP-1 cells. Results: Sea cucumber ethanolic extract and the aqueous fraction significantly
decreased the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells by more than 50% at similar
and noncytotoxic concentrations and caused an arrest in the S-phase of the
cell cycle of treated cells. In contrast, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl
acetate, and n-butanol organic fractions did not show any
significant activity. Furthermore, sea cucumber ethanolic extract and
aqueous fraction reduced the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells in
three-dimensional cultures by more than 60% at noncytotoxic concentrations.
In addition, treatment with these concentrations resulted in the loss of
stellate outgrowths in favor of spherical aggregates and a 30% decrease in
invasive properties. Both sea cucumber ethanolic extract and aqueous
decreased the transcription of vimentin and the protein expression levels of
vimentin and N-cadherin in three-dimensional cultures. The aqueous fraction
decreased the levels of inflammatory markers interleukin-6, nitric oxide,
and matrix metalloproteinase 9 in the mouse mammary SCp2 cells, and the
level of interleukin-1β produced by
phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-activated THP-1 human monocytic cells. Conclusion: The data reveal for the first time promising anti-proliferative and
anti-inflammatory activities in H. polii water extract in
two-dimensional and three-dimensional culture models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Kareh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Nature Conservation Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rana El Nahas
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Nature Conservation Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lamis Al-Aaraj
- Nature Conservation Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sara Al-Ghadban
- Nature Conservation Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nataly Naser Al Deen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Najat Saliba
- Nature Conservation Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marwan El-Sabban
- Nature Conservation Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rabih Talhouk
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Nature Conservation Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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9
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Diversity and antimicrobial potential in sea anemone and holothurian microbiomes. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196178. [PMID: 29742123 PMCID: PMC5942802 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine invertebrates, as holobionts, contain symbiotic bacteria that coevolve and develop antimicrobial substances. These symbiotic bacteria are an underexplored source of new bioactive molecules to face the emerging antibiotic resistance in pathogens. Here, we explored the antimicrobial activity of bacteria retrieved from the microbiota of two sea anemones (Anemonia sulcata, Actinia equina) and two holothurians (Holothuria tubulosa, Holothuria forskali). We tested the antimicrobial activity of the isolated bacteria against pathogens with interest for human health, agriculture and aquaculture. We isolated 27 strains with antibacterial activity and 12 of these isolates also showed antifungal activity. We taxonomically identified these strains being Bacillus and Vibrio species the most representative producers of antimicrobial substances. Microbiome species composition of the two sea anemones was similar between them but differed substantially of seawater bacteria. In contrast, microbiome species composition of the two holothurian species was different between them and in comparison with the bacteria in holothurian feces and seawater. In all the holobiont microbiomes Bacteroidetes was the predominant phylum. For each microbiome, we determined diversity and the rank-abundance dominance using five fitted models (null, pre-emption, log-Normal, Zipf and Zipf-Mandelbrot). The models with less evenness (i.e. Zipf and Zipf-Mandelblot) showed the best fits in all the microbiomes. Finally, we tracked (using the V4 hypervariable region of 16S rRNA gene) the relative abundance of these 27 isolates with antibacterial activity in the total pool of sequences obtained for the microbiome of each holobiont. Coincidences, although with extremely low frequencies, were detected only in the microbiome of H. forskali. This fact suggests that these isolated bacteria belong to the long tail of rare symbiotic bacteria. Therefore, more and more sophisticated culture techniques are necessary to explore this apparently vast pool of rare symbiontic bacteria and to determine their biotechnological potentiality.
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10
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Shakouri A, Shoushizadeh MR, Nematpour F. Antimicrobial Activity of Sea Cucumber (Stichopus variegatus) Body Wall Extract in Chabahar Bay, Oman Sea. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2016. [DOI: 10.17795/jjnpp-32422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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11
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Antimicrobial Activity of Sea Cucumber (Stichopus variegatus) Body Wall Extract in Chabahar Bay, Oman Sea. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2016. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp.32422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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12
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Mashjoor S, Yousefzadi M. Holothurians antifungal and antibacterial activity to human pathogens in the Persian Gulf. J Mycol Med 2016; 27:46-56. [PMID: 27641487 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical industries now accept that oceans contain a vast array of organisms with unique biological properties. As investigation of antimicrobial activity, three species of Holothuria sea cucumbers (Holothuria scabra, Holothuria parva and Holothuria leucospilota) from the Persian Gulf, Iran, were obtained, their different organs: gonads (G), body wall (BW), intestine tract (IT), respiratory tree (RT) were isolated and extracted with organic solvents: ethyl acetate and methanol. Antifungal and antibacterial activities of each fraction was estimated with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and disk-diffusion method against the number (i.e. n=10) of human pathogenic microbes (eight pathogenic Gram-positive/negative bacteria strains and two fungi). All the sea cucumbers extracts confirmed their strong potential antagonistic effect against the bacterial and fungal indicators, except for three relatively resistant microbial strains: Candida albicans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia. Most effective antifungal and antibacterial activities were recorded for methanolic extract of intestine tract organs of H. parva against Saccharomyces cerevisiae (MIC=0.09mg/ml, IZ=22±0.8mm) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC=0.04mg/ml and IZ=30±0.9mm), compared the other extracts. Nevertheless, the differences between species can result from a variety of their natural habits. The finding suggests that marine Holothuria sea cucumber specie, especially H. parva, has a potential source for the discovery of natural antibiotic compounds and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mashjoor
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, road Minab, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - M Yousefzadi
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, road Minab, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
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Lance E, Desprat J, Holbech BF, Gérard C, Bormans M, Lawton LA, Edwards C, Wiegand C. Accumulation and detoxication responses of the gastropod Lymnaea stagnalis to single and combined exposures to natural (cyanobacteria) and anthropogenic (the herbicide RoundUp(®) Flash) stressors. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 177:116-24. [PMID: 27267390 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater gastropods are increasingly exposed to multiple stressors in the field such as the herbicide glyphosate in Roundup formulations and cyanobacterial blooms either producing or not producing microcystins (MCs), potentially leading to interacting effects. Here, the responses of Lymnaea stagnalis to a 21-day exposure to non-MC or MC-producing (33μgL(-1)) Planktothrix agardhii alone or in combination with the commercial formulation RoundUp(®) Flash at a concentration of 1μgL(-1) glyphosate, followed by 14days of depuration, were studied via i) accumulation of free and bound MCs in tissues, and ii) activities of anti-oxidant (catalase CAT) and biotransformation (glutathione-S-transferase GST) enzymes. During the intoxication, the cyanobacterial exposure induced an early increase of CAT activity, independently of the MC content, probably related to the production of secondary cyanobacterial metabolites. The GST activity was induced by RoundUp(®) Flash alone or in combination with non MC-producing cyanobacteria, but was inhibited by MC-producing cyanobacteria with or without RoundUp(®) Flash. Moreover, MC accumulation in L. stagnalis was 3.2 times increased when snails were concomitantly exposed to MC-producing cyanobacteria with RoundUp(®), suggesting interacting effects of MCs on biotransformation processes. The potent inhibition of detoxication systems by MCs and RoundUp(®) Flash was reversible during the depuration, during which CAT and GST activities were significantly higher in snails previously exposed to MC-producing cyanobacteria with or without RoundUp(®) Flash than in other conditions, probably related to the oxidative stress caused by accumulated MCs remaining in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Lance
- UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, University of Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France; UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Bat 18, Campus du Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687 Reims cedex, France.
| | - Julia Desprat
- UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, University of Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France; UMR 5023-LEHNA, Université Lyon 1, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, Bâtiment Darwin C, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex France, France
| | - Bente Frost Holbech
- IDEAS Research Institute, School of Pharmacy & Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Riverside East, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK
| | - Claudia Gérard
- UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, University of Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Myriam Bormans
- UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, University of Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Linda A Lawton
- IDEAS Research Institute, School of Pharmacy & Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Riverside East, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK
| | - Christine Edwards
- IDEAS Research Institute, School of Pharmacy & Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Riverside East, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK
| | - Claudia Wiegand
- UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, University of Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France; University of Southern Denmark, Institute of Biology, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
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