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Jeong GH, Bak DH, Lee H, Cho JY, Kang SH, Chung BY, Park S, Bai HW. Anti-cancer effects of plant-derived Micromonospora sp. M2 against A549 and MCF-7 cell lines. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2024:zbae036. [PMID: 38573835 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbae036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The huge diversity of secondary bioactive metabolites, such as antibiotic and anticancer compounds produced by Micromonospora sp., makes it an attractive target for study. Here, we explored the anti-proliferative activities of Micromonospora sp. M2 extract (MBE) in relation to its pro-oxidative activities in A549 and MCF7 cell lines. Anti-proliferative effects were assessed by treating cells with MBE. We found that treatment with MBE decreased cell proliferation and increased intracellular reactive oxygen species, and that these observations were facilitated by the suppression of the PI3K-AKT pathway, alterations to the Bcl/Bad ratio, and increased caspase activity. These observations also demonstrated that MBE induced apoptotic cell death in cell lines. In addition, the phosphorylation of P38 and JNK were upregulated following MBE treatment in both cell lines. Collectively, these results indicate that MBE acts as an anticancer agent via oxidative stress and JNK/MAPK pathway activation, enhancing apoptotic cell death in cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeong Han Jeong
- Research division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Bak
- Research division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanui Lee
- Research division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Center of Ecomimetics, College of Natural Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Young Cho
- Bacteria Research Team, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources (NNIBR), Sangju, Korea
| | - Seong Hee Kang
- Research division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Yeoup Chung
- Research division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghwa Park
- Bacteria Research Team, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources (NNIBR), Sangju, Korea
| | - Hyoung-Woo Bai
- Research division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
- Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Cho J, Yang B, Lee JH, Kim H, Kim H, Go EB, Bak DH, Park SJ, Kwon I, Choi JI, Lee K. In vivo study of newly developed albumin-conjugated urate oxidase for gout treatment. Arthritis Res Ther 2023; 25:247. [PMID: 38111075 PMCID: PMC10726570 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03231-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exogenously providing engineered Uox with enhanced half-life is one of the important urate-lowering treatments for gout. The potential of PAT101, a recombinant human albumin (rHA)-conjugated variant, was evaluated and compared as a novel gout treatment through various in vivo studies with PAT101 and competing drugs. METHODS PAT101 was produced by site-specific conjugation of rHA and Aspergillus flavus Uox (AfUox-rHA) through clickable non-natural amino acid (frTet) and Inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reaction. In vivo pharmacokinetics, efficacy tests and in vitro immunogenetic assay were performed after single or multiple doses of PAT101 and its competitors in BALB/c mice, transgenic (TG) mice, Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, and non-human primate (NHP). RESULTS The half-life of PAT101 in single-dose treated TG mice was more than doubled compared to pegloticase. In SD rats with 4 weeks of repeated administration of rasburicase, only 24% of Uox activity remained, whereas in PAT101, it was maintained by 86%. In the Uox KO model, the survival rate of PAT101 was comparable to that of pegloticase. In addition, human PBMC-based CD4+/CD8+ T-cell activation analysis demonstrated that PAT101 has a lower immune response compared to the original drug, rasburicase. CONCLUSION All results suggest that this rHA-conjugated AfUox, PAT101, can be provided as a reliable source of Uox for gout treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghaeng Cho
- Research and Development, ProAbTech Co., Ltd, Seoul, 07807, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Interdisciplinary Program for Bioenergy and Biomaterials, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungseop Yang
- Research and Development, ProAbTech Co., Ltd, Seoul, 07807, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hun Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- Research and Development, ProAbTech Co., Ltd, Seoul, 07807, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongseok Kim
- Research and Development, ProAbTech Co., Ltd, Seoul, 07807, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Byeol Go
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Bak
- Research and Development, ProAbTech Co., Ltd, Seoul, 07807, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jin Park
- Research and Development, ProAbTech Co., Ltd, Seoul, 07807, Republic of Korea
| | - Inchan Kwon
- Research and Development, ProAbTech Co., Ltd, Seoul, 07807, Republic of Korea
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Il Choi
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Interdisciplinary Program for Bioenergy and Biomaterials, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghee Lee
- Research and Development, ProAbTech Co., Ltd, Seoul, 07807, Republic of Korea.
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Kang S, Bak DH, Chung B, Bai HW. Transformation of nomifensine using ionizing radiation and exploration of its anticancer effects in MCF‑7 cells. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:306. [PMID: 35340876 PMCID: PMC8931636 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most challenging diseases to treat in humans worldwide. There are several alternatives in treating this life-threatening disease; however, chemoresistance is probably the biggest obstacle to the treatment of breast cancer. It may be essential to develop a therapeutic candidate material with less reversible effects and high treatment efficiency to solve this problem. The present study applied an ionizing radiation approach employing nomifensine (NF) to transform its chemical characteristics and investigated its potential to kill human breast cancer cells (MCF-7). Irradiated (IR-) NF was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. The findings showed that NF inhibited the proliferation of breast cancer cells and increased the rate of apoptosis. In addition, IR-NF induced the accumulation of cytosolic reactive oxygen species and enhanced mitochondrial aggregation. Additionally, mitogen-activated protein kinases (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, p38 and c-Jun NH 2-terminal kinase) were involved in damage signaling induced by IR-NF and IR-NF suppressed β-catenin nuclear translocation. It is suggested that irradiation can be an effective method to maximize the efficacy of existing drugs and that IR-NF has the potential to be a drug candidate for treating patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Kang
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup, Jeollabuk 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Bak
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup, Jeollabuk 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Chung
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup, Jeollabuk 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Woo Bai
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup, Jeollabuk 56212, Republic of Korea
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Kang SH, Bak DH, Lee SS, Bai HW, Chung BY, Kang BS. Radioprotective effects of centipedegrass extract on NIH-3T3 fibroblasts via anti-oxidative activity. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:419. [PMID: 33747159 PMCID: PMC7967821 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Centipedegrass originates from China and South America, and has been reported to contain several C-glycosyl flavones and phenolic compounds, including maysin and luteolin. The present study aimed to investigate the radioprotective activity of centipedegrass extract (CGE) in radiation exposed-fibroblasts and to assess the affected molecular pathway. The radioprotective effects of CGE were determined in NIH-3T3 cells using Cell Counting Kit-8 and morphological changes were observed. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and the apoptotic profile of NIH-3T3 cells were also measured. The expression levels of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) family proteins [Bcl-2, Bcl-2 like protein 4 (Bax), Bcl-2-associated death promoter (Bad), caspase-3, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)], AKT and MAPK family proteins (ERK, p38 and JNK) were measured in vitro. The results demonstrated that when 3T3 fibroblasts pretreated with CGE were subjected to H2O2-induced cell damage, their viability was significantly decreased. Additionally, CGE pretreatment decreased ROS levels and the protein expression levels of cleaved PARP upon H2O2 treatment, indicating that CGE induced cytoprotective effects against H2O2-induced oxidative stress. Moreover, significant protective effects of CGE against intracellular ROS, induced upon exposure to ionizing radiation (IR), were observed. The protective effects of CGE pretreatment were also determined by morphological observation of NIH-3T3 cells following exposure to IR. CGE pretreatment increased the expression levels of anti-apoptotic signals (Bcl-2, p-BAD) and decreased the levels of pro-apoptotic signals (Bax, Bad), and led to cleavage of PARP and caspase-3 proteins. Additionally, in cells pretreated with CGE, the phosphorylation of AKT and ERK was increased and that of p38 and JNK was decreased compared with in cells subjected only to IR. These results indicated that CGE may act as a radioprotector due to its anti-oxidative activity, restoring cell homeostasis and redox balance in radiation-exposed fibroblast cells. Therefore, it could be suggested that CGE may be an effective candidate in the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases and in radioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hee Kang
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup, Jeollabuk 56212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiological Science, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Bak
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup, Jeollabuk 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Sik Lee
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup, Jeollabuk 56212, Republic of Korea
- Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Woo Bai
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup, Jeollabuk 56212, Republic of Korea
- Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Yeoup Chung
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup, Jeollabuk 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Sun Kang
- Department of Radiological Science, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
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Kang SH, Bak DH, Chung BY, Bai HW. Centipedegrass extract enhances radiosensitivity in melanoma cells by inducing G2/M cell cycle phase arrest. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:1081-1091. [PMID: 33511511 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06156-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is aggressive, highly metastatic, and potentially fatal. In the case of patients with advanced melanoma, it is difficult to expect a good prognosis, since this cancer has low sensitivity to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. The use of natural ingredients may enhance existing therapies. Centipedegrass extract (CGE) which contains phenolic structures and C-glycosyl flavones, has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects and anti-cancer effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the radio sensitizing effects of CGE in combination with ionizing radiation (IR). Two melanoma cell lines were exposed to IR after treatment with CGE at concentrations that were not toxic alone. The effects of CGE + IR on cell survival, cell cycle, and apoptotic cell death were examined using MTT and Muse® Cell Analyzer, and fluorescence microscopy. Molecular signaling mechanisms were explored by western blots. Our findings showed that co-treatment of CGE + IR reduced the survival of melanoma cells more than IR alone. Also, cell cycle arrest in CGE-treated cells was enhanced and these cells became more radiosensitive. CGE + IR increased apoptotic cell death more than IR alone. Western blot results showed that the effect of CGE + IR involved MAPKs (ERK1/2, p38, and JNK) pathway. Our study suggests that CGE + IR treatment enhanced radio-sensitization and cell death of melanoma cells via cell cycle arrest and the MAPKs pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hee Kang
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Bak
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Yeoup Chung
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do, 56212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyoung-Woo Bai
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do, 56212, Republic of Korea. .,Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, South Korea.
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6
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Kaur S, Prakash P, Bak DH, Hong SH, Cho C, Chung MS, Kim JH, Lee S, Bai HW, Lee SY, Chung BY, Lee SS. Regulation of Dual Activity of Ascorbate Peroxidase 1 From Arabidopsis thaliana by Conformational Changes and Posttranslational Modifications. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:678111. [PMID: 34194454 PMCID: PMC8236860 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.678111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) is an important reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging enzyme, which catalyzes the removal of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to prevent oxidative damage. The peroxidase activity of APX is regulated by posttranslational modifications (PTMs), such as S-nitrosylation, tyrosine nitration, and S-sulfhydration. In addition, it has been recently reported that APX functions as a molecular chaperone, protecting rice against heat stress. In this study, we attempted to identify the various functions of APX in Arabidopsis and the effects of PTMs on these functions. Cytosol type APX1 from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtAPX1) exists in multimeric forms ranging from dimeric to high-molecular-weight (HMW) complexes. Similar to the rice APX2, AtAPX1 plays a dual role behaving both as a regular peroxidase and a chaperone molecule. The dual activity of AtAPX1 was strongly related to its structural status. The main dimeric form of the AtAPX1 protein showed the highest peroxidase activity, whereas the HMW form exhibited the highest chaperone activity. Moreover, in vivo studies indicated that the structure of AtAPX1 was regulated by heat and salt stresses, with both involved in the association and dissociation of complexes, respectively. Additionally, we investigated the effects of S-nitrosylation, S-sulfhydration, and tyrosine nitration on the protein structure and functions using gel analysis and enzymatic activity assays. S-nitrosylation and S-sulfhydration positively regulated the peroxidase activity, whereas tyrosine nitration had a negative impact. However, no effects were observed on the chaperone function and the oligomeric status of AtAPX1. Our results will facilitate the understanding of the role and regulation of APX under abiotic stress and posttranslational modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhpreet Kaur
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Prapti Prakash
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Bak
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Hong
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
| | - Chuloh Cho
- Crop Foundation Research Division, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Moon-Soo Chung
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hong Kim
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sungbeom Lee
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyoung-Woo Bai
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sang Yeol Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 PLUS), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Byung Yeoup Chung
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
| | - Seung Sik Lee
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Seung Sik Lee,
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Kang SH, Bak DH, Chung BY, Bai HW, Kang BS. Delphinidin enhances radio-therapeutic effects via autophagy induction and JNK/MAPK pathway activation in non-small cell lung cancer. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 24:413-422. [PMID: 32830148 PMCID: PMC7445475 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2020.24.5.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Delphinidin is a major anthocyanidin compound found in various vegetables and fruits. It has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and various other biological activities. In this study we demonstrated the anti-cancer activity of delphinidin, which was related to autophagy, in radiation-exposed non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Radiosensitising effects were assessed in vitro by treating cells with a sub-cytotoxic dose of delphinidin (5 µM) before exposure to γ-ionising radiation (IR). We found that treatment with delphinidin or IR induced NSCLC cell death in vitro; however the combination of delphinidin pre-treatment and IR was more effective than either agent alone, yielding a radiation enhancement ratio of 1.54 at the 50% lethal dose. Moreover, combined treatment with delphinidin and IR, enhanced apoptotic cell death, suppressed the mTOR pathway, and activated the JNK/MAPK pathway. Delphinidin inhibited the phosphorylation of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR, and increased the expression of autophagy-induced cell death associated-protein in radiation-exposed NSCLC cells. In addition, JNK phosphorylation was upregulated by delphinidin pre-treatment in radiation-exposed NSCLC cells. Collectively, these results show that delphinidin acts as a radiation-sensitizing agent through autophagy induction and JNK/MAPK pathway activation, thus enhancing apoptotic cell death in NSCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hee Kang
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup 56212, Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Bak
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup 56212, Korea
| | - Byung Yeoup Chung
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup 56212, Korea
| | - Hyoung-Woo Bai
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup 56212, Korea
| | - Bo Sun Kang
- Department of Medical Science, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea
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Kim JH, Oh CT, Kwon TR, Kim JH, Bak DH, Kim H, Park WS, Kim BJ. Inhibition of melanogenesis by sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 24:149-156. [PMID: 32140038 PMCID: PMC7043997 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2020.24.2.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate (mesna) is a protective agent that is widely used in medicine because of its antioxidant effects. Recently, reactive oxygen species (ROS) were shown to increase pigmentation. Thus, ROS scavengers and inhibitors of ROS production may suppress melanogenesis. Forkhead box-O3a (FoxO3a) is an antimelanogenic factor that mediates ROS-induced skin pigmentation. In this study, we aimed to investigate the whitening effect of mesna and the signaling mechanism mediating this effect. Human melanoma (MNT-1) cells were used in this study. mRNA and protein expression were measured by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting analysis to track changes in FoxO3a-related signals induced by mesna. An immunofluorescence assay was performed to determine the nuclear translocation of FoxO3a. When MNT-1 melanoma cells were treated with mesna, melanin production and secretion decreased. These effects were accompanied by increases in FoxO3a activation and nuclear translocation, resulting in downregulation of four master genes of melanogenesis: MITF, TYR, TRP1, and TRP2. We found that mesna, an antioxidant and radical scavenger, suppresses melanin production and may therefore be a useful agent for the clinical treatment of hyperpigmentation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hwan Kim
- R&D Unit, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin 17074, Korea.,Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, Korea.,Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Chang-Taek Oh
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Tae-Rin Kwon
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Jong Hwan Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, Korea.,Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Bak
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, Korea.,Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Hyuk Kim
- R&D Unit, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin 17074, Korea
| | - Won-Seok Park
- R&D Unit, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin 17074, Korea
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, Korea.,Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
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Bak DH, Lee E, Lee BC, Choi MJ, Kwon TR, Kim JH, Park BC, Lee K, Kim S, Na J, Kim BJ. Boehmite enhances hair follicle growth via stimulation of dermal papilla cells by upregulating β-catenin signalling. Exp Dermatol 2019; 29:341-348. [PMID: 31638285 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hair growth, a complex process, has long been the subject of intense research. Recent developments in material technology have revealed boehmite as a new therapeutic modality for use in wound healing and scar reduction, indicating its beneficial effects. Nonetheless, the biological bases of the beneficial effects of boehmite remain unknown. We investigated the hair growth properties of boehmite in vitro and in vivo and observed dose-dependent proliferation of human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) in vitro and hair regrowth in a mouse model. To investigate the effects of boehmite on the promotion of cell transition to the anagen phase, we evaluated hDPC viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, protein expression and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion in vitro and assessed the anagen-promoting effects of boehmite via gross observation and histological analysis in a mouse model. Boehmite increased hDPC viability, ALP activity, AKT/GSK3ß/ß-catenin pathway activity, anagen-related gene expression and VEGF secretion; moreover, it accelerated hair regrowth in a catagen-anagen transition model via upregulation of β-catenin signalling and follicular cell proliferation. Collectively, our results indicate that boehmite accelerates hair growth, partly via its effects on critical events in the active phase of the hair follicle cycle, including the promotion of the proliferation of hDPCs and their immediate progeny to the follicle base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ho Bak
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Korea
| | - Esther Lee
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Lee
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Ji Choi
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Rin Kwon
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Cheol Park
- Department of Dermatology, Dankook Medical College, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Keugrae Lee
- Advanced Materials Division, OsangJaiel Co., Ltd., Incheon, Korea
| | - Sungyup Kim
- Advanced Materials Division, OsangJaiel Co., Ltd., Incheon, Korea
| | - Jungtae Na
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
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Song HY, Sik Kim W, Kim JM, Bak DH, Moo Han J, Lim ST, Byun EB. A hydroxyethyl derivative of chrysin exhibits anti-inflammatory activity in dendritic cells and protective effects against dextran sodium salt-induced colitis in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 77:105958. [PMID: 31639615 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease that occurs in the intestinal tract. Phyto-ingredients have been evaluated for their ability to protect against IBD because of their anti-inflammatory activities. In our previous study, we identified a novel derivative of chrysin (HE-chrysin) using irradiation technology, which exhibited stronger anti-cancer activity in human colorectal cancer cells than the original chrysin. Here, to determine whether HE-chrysin is a new therapeutic candidate for IBD, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of HE-chrysin on bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and dextran sodium salt (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. HE-chrysin more effectively inhibited BMDC maturation compared to chrysin, as demonstrated by the decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, surface molecules, antigen-presenting ability, and T cell proliferation/activation in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BMDCs. These anti-inflammatory effects of HE-chrysin were regulated by mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor-κB. Furthermore, oral administration of HE-chrysin attenuated DSS-induced colitis symptoms and clinical signs in the mouse model. The protective effects of HE-chrysin treatment against colitis were mediated by decreasing Th1- and Th17-type cytokine levels. These results indicate that HE-chrysin is attractive candidate for IBD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Yeon Song
- Department of Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea; Department of Biotechnology, College of Life science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Sik Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Man Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 301-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Bak
- Department of Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Moo Han
- Department of Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea; Department of Biotechnology, College of Life science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Taik Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Baek Byun
- Department of Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Kim JH, Na J, Bak DH, Lee BC, Lee E, Choi MJ, Ryu CH, Lee S, Mun SK, Park BC, Kim BJ, Lee HS. Development of finasteride polymer microspheres for systemic application in androgenic alopecia. Int J Mol Med 2019; 43:2409-2419. [PMID: 30942390 PMCID: PMC6488187 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of finasteride for alleviating hair loss has been investigated, and it has been applied as an oral dose medication. However, due to the inconvenience of daily drug administration over long period of time, novel controllable finasteride delivery has been actively investigated. As a novel method of finasteride delivery, the development of finasteride‑loaded microspheres for subcutaneous administration is becoming increasingly pharmaceutically important. Therefore, the present study aimed to use finasteride‑loaded microspheres in a controlled manner in an attempt to overcome the limitations of the oral administration of finasteride and to cause fewer adverse effects. Finasteride‑loaded microspheres containing poly(lactic‑co‑glycolic acid) and finasteride at a ratio of 4:1 were prepared, and a testosterone‑induced androgenic alopecia mouse model was used. Following observation for 10 weeks, the percentage hair growth was 86.7% (total hair growth 60%, partial hair growth 26.7%) in the orally‑applied finasteride‑treated group as a positive control, and 93.3% (total hair growth 60%, partial hair growth 33.3%) in the finasteride‑loaded microspheres‑treated group. Serum dihydrotestosterone levels began to decrease at week 6 in the orally‑applied finasteride‑ and finasteride‑loaded microsphere‑treated groups. In addition, the finasteride‑loaded microspheres‑treated group exhibited similar follicular number, follicular length, anagen/telogen ratio and hair bulb diameter values to those of the orally‑applied finasteride‑treated group. Furthermore, the finasteride‑loaded microspheres increased the activities of phosphoinositide 3‑kinase/protein kinase B and Wnt/β‑catenin in relation to hair follicle cell growth signaling in mouse skin, and suppressed the apoptosis of hair follicle cells by reducing the expression of transforming growth factor‑β2 and caspase‑3, which are indicators of apoptosis. In conclusion, the administration of a single injection of finasteride‑loaded microspheres was effective in treating testosterone‑induced alopecia. Furthermore, it led to equivalent hair growth effects when compared with orally‑applied finasteride, thus revealing the possibility of effective treatment via different routes of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hee Kim
- KNU‑Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, CMRI, School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Science Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungtae Na
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung‑Ang University, Seoul 06973, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Bak
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung‑Ang University, Seoul 06973, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Chul Lee
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung‑Ang University, Seoul 06973, Republic of Korea
| | - Esther Lee
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung‑Ang University, Seoul 06973, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ji Choi
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung‑Ang University, Seoul 06973, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong Ho Ryu
- Headquarter, Inventage Lab, Inc., Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13403, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangno Lee
- Headquarter, Inventage Lab, Inc., Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13403, Republic of Korea
| | - Seog-Kyun Mun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Chung‑Ang University, Seoul 06973, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Cheol Park
- Department of Dermatology, Dankook Medical College, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung‑Ang University, Seoul 06973, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Shik Lee
- KNU‑Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, CMRI, School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Science Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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12
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Bak DH, Lee E, Lee BC, Choi MJ, Kwon TR, Hong J, Mun SK, Lee K, Kim S, Na J, Kim BJ. Therapeutic potential of topically administered γ-AlOOH on 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis-like lesions in Balb/c mice. Exp Dermatol 2019; 28:169-176. [PMID: 30566262 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Boehmite (γ-AlOOH) has a wide range of applications in a variety of industrial and biological fields. However, little is known about its potential roles in skin diseases. The current study investigated its effect on atopic dermatitis (AD). Following characterization, cytotoxicity, pro-inflammatory response and oxidative stress associated with boehmite were assessed, using TNF-α-induced keratinocytes and mast cells. In addition, therapeutic effects of boehmite, topically administered to Balb/c mice induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), were evaluated. Expression of cytokines (TLSP, IL-25 and IL-33) and the generation of ROS from keratinocytes induced by TNF-α were significantly inhibited by boehmite without affecting cell viability. MAPKs (ERK, JNK and p38) required for cytokine expression were suppressed by boehmite treatment. Up-regulation of cytokines (TSLP, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, RANTES) in human mast cells treated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and calcium ionophore was also suppressed by boehmite. Boehmite improved the AD severity score, epidermal hyperplasia and transepidermal water loss in DNCB-induced AD-like lesions. Moreover, Th2-mediated cytokine expression, mast cell hyperplasia and destruction of the skin barrier were improved by boehmite treatment. Overall, we demonstrated that boehmite may potentially protect against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ho Bak
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Esther Lee
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Chul Lee
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Ji Choi
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Rin Kwon
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiyeon Hong
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seog-Kyun Mun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keugrae Lee
- Advanced Materials Division, OsangJaiel Co., Ltd, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sungyup Kim
- Advanced Materials Division, OsangJaiel Co., Ltd, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jungtae Na
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
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13
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Kwon TR, Oh CT, Bak DH, Kim JH, Seok J, Lee JH, Lim SH, Yoo KH, Kim BJ, Kim H. Effects on skin of Stichopus japonicus viscera extracts detected with saponin including Holothurin A: Down-regulation of melanin synthesis and up-regulation of neocollagenesis mediated by ERK signaling pathway. J Ethnopharmacol 2018; 226:73-81. [PMID: 30102992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Stichopus japonicus (sea cucumber), edible traditional food in Asia, and its extracts are renowned for their wound healing, pain relieving, and cosmetic effects in traditional medicine. Holothurins, toxins isolated from sea cucumber, are thought to be active components for their beneficial effects. However, researchers have yet to outline specific mechanisms thereof. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was designed to evaluate the anti-melanogenic and anti-wrinkle properties of S. japonicus viscera extracts (VF) on the skin via in vitro and ex vivo experiments and to assess the anti-aging effects of S. japonicus viscera extracts in relation to known wound healing and cosmetic processes. MATERIALS AND METHODS The viscera of live S. japonicus specimens were freeze dried and ground into a powder. Aqueous extracts were subsequently prepared from the concentrated powder using a water extraction method. To investigate the inhibitory effects of VF on melanogenesis, mushroom tyrosinase activity assay and melanin assay were performed on Melan-A cells. To further delineate the anti-melanogenic properties of VF, western blot analysis for tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2, MITF, and ERK was conducted. Changes in collagen synthesis in human dermal fibroblast (HDF) were evaluated via CCK-8 assay and immunocytochemistry to determine the anti-wrinkle effects of VF. Finally, anti-aging properties were examined in a human skin equivalent ex vivo model. RESULTS In Melan-A cells, VF treatment reduced melanin contents in a concentration-dependent manner. The anti-melanogenic effects of VF appeared to be due to enzymatic inhibition of tyrosinase. In CCK-8 assay, VF also significantly increased the viability of HDFs in a concentration-dependent manner. Immunoblot analysis revealed phosphorylation of ERK in HDFs treated with VF. In a human skin equivalent ex vivo model (Neoderm®-ED), VF treatment at a concentration of 50 μg/ml enhanced collagen type IV and Ki-67 expression and downregulated MMP-9 expression. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that aqueous extracts from S. japonicus viscera are effective whitening and anti-aging agents that stimulate ERK signaling to inhibit melanin synthesis and promote collagen synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Rin Kwon
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Taek Oh
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Research & Development Center, Green Cross WellBeing Corporation, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Bak
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hwan Kim
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Seok
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Lee
- Research & Development Center, Green Cross WellBeing Corporation, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hwan Lim
- Research & Development Center, Green Cross WellBeing Corporation, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Ho Yoo
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Center, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesu Kim
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Center, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Bak DH, Choi MJ, Lee E, Kwon TR, Kim JH, Nam SH, Kim KY, Ahn SW, Mun SK, Na J, Kim BJ. A comparison study of prabotulinumtoxinA vs onabotulinumtoxinA in myostatin-deficient mice with muscle hypertrophy. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 124:491-499. [PMID: 30326173 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) is used clinically for various muscle disorders and acts by preventing the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine into the synapse space. Here, we compared the efficacy of prabotulinumtoxinA (PRA) and onabotulinumtoxinA (ONA) for the reduction in hypertrophy in myostatin-deficient (Mstn-/- ) mice. Two different BoNT-A products (2.5, 10 and 25 U/kg) were injected to paralyse the hindlimb for 2 months, after which sciatic nerve conduction study, 3D micro-CT, haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and dystrophin staining were conducted. Administration of BoNT-A products induced denervation-mediated atrophy and alleviated muscle hypertrophy generated in Mstn-/- mice. The present study revealed that each BoNT-A regulates skeletal muscle size, myofibre number and myofibre diameter in Mstn-/- mice. The potential applicability of BoNT-A for the treatment of rare muscle hypertrophic diseases was demonstrated. Compared with ONA, PRA had a comparable ability to act in the local area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ho Bak
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Ji Choi
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Esther Lee
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Rin Kwon
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Hwan Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | - Seog-Kyun Mun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jungtae Na
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
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15
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Kwon TR, Kim JH, Hong JY, Seok J, Kim JM, Bak DH, Choi MJ, Mun SK, Kim CW, Kim BJ. Irradiation with 310 nm and 340 nm ultraviolet light-emitting-diodes can improve atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:1127-1135. [PMID: 30019049 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00063h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) light produces an immunomodulatory effect on the skin and is widely used for the treatment of chronic inflammatory skin diseases. UV light emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) are a new and promising source of UV radiation. However, their mechanism of action remains largely unknown. In this study, we tested the safety and effectiveness of UV-LED irradiation for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) in an NC/Nga mouse model. Mice were divided into seven groups of eight mice each. Application of Dermatophagoides farinae (Df) extract ointment for four weeks induced AD-like skin lesions. Subsequently, the mice were exposed to UV-LEDs, narrow band UVB, or UVA irradiation three times per week. We assessed the immunosuppressive effects of 310 nm (50 mJ cm-2) and 340 nm (5 J cm-2) UV-LED irradiation. Histological analyses using hematoxylin-eosin, toluidine blue, and immunohistochemical staining were performed. In addition, the serum levels of IgE, inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). UV-LED irradiation significantly alleviated AD-like skin symptoms, including edema, erythema, dryness, and itching, by modulating Th1 and Th2 responses, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and scratching behavior in NC/Nga mice. These results suggest that UV-LEDs can improve the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Rin Kwon
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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16
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Bak DH, Na J, Im SI, Oh CT, Kim JY, Park SK, Han HJ, Seok J, Choi SY, Ko EJ, Mun SK, Ahn SW, Kim BJ. Antioxidant effect of human placenta hydrolysate against oxidative stress on muscle atrophy. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:1643-1658. [PMID: 30132871 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia, which refers to the muscle loss that accompanies aging, is a complex neuromuscular disorder with a clinically high prevalence and mortality. Despite many efforts to protect against muscle weakness and muscle atrophy, the incidence of sarcopenia and its related permanent disabilities continue to increase. In this study, we found that treatment with human placental hydrolysate (hPH) significantly increased the viability (approximately 15%) of H2 O2 -stimulated C2C12 cells. Additionally, while H2 O2 -stimulated cells showed irregular morphology, hPH treatment restored their morphology to that of cells cultured under normal conditions. We further showed that hPH treatment effectively inhibited H2 O2 -induced cell death. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and Mstn expression induced by oxidative stress are closely associated with muscular dysfunction followed by atrophy. Exposure of C2C12 cells to H2 O2 induced abundant production of intracellular ROS, mitochondrial superoxide, and mitochondrial dysfunction as well as myostatin expression via nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling; these effects were attenuated by hPH. Additionally, hPH decreased mitochondria fission-related gene expression (Drp1 and BNIP3) and increased mitochondria biogenesis via the Sirt1/AMPK/PGC-1α pathway and autophagy regulation. In vivo studies revealed that hPH-mediated prevention of atrophy was achieved predominantly through regulation of myostatin and PGC-1α expression and autophagy. Taken together, our findings indicate that hPH is potentially protective against muscle atrophy and oxidative cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ho Bak
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jungtae Na
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Song I Im
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Taek Oh
- Research Institute, Research & Development Center, Green Cross WellBeing Corporation, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jeom-Yong Kim
- Research Institute, Research & Development Center, Green Cross WellBeing Corporation, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sun-Kyu Park
- Research Institute, Research & Development Center, Green Cross WellBeing Corporation, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hae Jung Han
- Research Institute, Research & Development Center, Green Cross WellBeing Corporation, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Joon Seok
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Young Choi
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Seoul Paik Hospital Inje University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Jung Ko
- Myongji Hospital, College of Medicine, Seonam University, Goyang, Korea
| | - Seog-Kyun Mun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suk-Won Ahn
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
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17
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Bak DH, Na J, Choi MJ, Lee BC, Oh CT, Kim JY, Han HJ, Kim MJ, Kim TH, Kim BJ. Anti‑apoptotic effects of human placental hydrolysate against hepatocyte toxicity in vivo and in vitro. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:2569-2583. [PMID: 30132515 PMCID: PMC6192762 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis and oxidative stress are essential for the pathogenesis of acute liver failure and fulminant hepatic failure. Human placental hydrolysate (hPH) has been reported to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, the protective effects of hPH against D-galactosamine (D-GalN)- and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced hepatocyte apoptosis were investigated in vivo. In addition, the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-apoptotic activities of hPH against D-GalN-induced cell death in vitro were examined. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with D-GaIN/LPS with or without the administration of hPH. Rats were sacrificed 24 h after D-GaIN/LPS intraperitoneal injection, and the blood and liver samples were collected for future inflammation and hepatotoxicity analyses. Changes in cell viability, apoptosis protein expression, mitochondrial mass, mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species generation, and the levels of proteins and mRNA associated with a protective mechanism were determined in HepG2 cells pretreated with hPH for 2 h prior to D-GalN exposure. The findings suggested that hPH treatment effectively protected against D-GalN/LPS-induced hepatocyte apoptosis by reducing the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, and increasing the level of proliferating cell nuclear antigen. It was also found that hPH inhibited the apoptotic cell death induced by D-GalN. hPH activated the expression of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase, which were further upregulated by the Kelch-like ECH2-associated protein 1-p62-nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 pathway, a component of oxidative stress defense mechanisms. Furthermore, hPH markedly reduced cytosolic and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and rescued mitochondrial loss and dysfunction through the reduction of damage-regulated autophagy modulator, p53, and C/EBP homologous protein. Collectively, hPH exhibited a protective role in hepatocyte apoptosis by inhibiting oxidative stress and maintaining cell homeostasis. The underlying mechanisms may be associated with the inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress and minimization of the autophagy progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ho Bak
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung‑Ang University, Seoul 06973, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungtae Na
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung‑Ang University, Seoul 06973, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ji Choi
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung‑Ang University, Seoul 06973, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Chul Lee
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung‑Ang University, Seoul 06973, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Taek Oh
- Research and Development Center, Green Cross WellBeing Corporation, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13595, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeom-Yong Kim
- Research and Development Center, Green Cross WellBeing Corporation, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13595, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Jung Han
- Research and Development Center, Green Cross WellBeing Corporation, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13595, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Tae Ho Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon‑si, Gyeonggi 14647, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung‑Ang University, Seoul 06973, Republic of Korea
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18
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Kim YJ, Choi MJ, Bak DH, Lee BC, Ko EJ, Ahn GR, Ahn SW, Kim MJ, Na J, Kim BJ. Topical administration of EGF suppresses immune response and protects skin barrier in DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11895. [PMID: 30093649 PMCID: PMC6085286 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30404-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease characterized by a complex, heterogeneous pathogenesis including skin barrier dysfunction, immunology, and pruritus. Although epidermal growth factor (EGF) is essential for epithelial homeostasis and wound healing, the effect of EGF on AD remains to be explored. To develop a new therapy for AD, the anti-AD potential of EGF was investigated by inducing AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice using 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). EGF was administrated to NC/Nga mice to evaluate its therapeutic effect on DNCB-induced AD. EGF treatment improved dermatitis score, ear thickness, epidermal hyperplasia, serum total immunoglobulin E level, and transepidermal water loss in NC/Nga mice with DNCB-induced AD. In addition, levels of skin barrier-related proteins such as filaggrin, involucrin, loricrin, occludin, and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) were increased by EGF treatment. These beneficial effects of EGF on AD may be mediated by EGF regulation of Th1/Th2-mediated cytokines, mast cell hyperplasia, and protease activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), which are triggers of AD. Taken together, our findings suggest that EGF may potentially protect against AD lesional skin via regulation of skin barrier function and immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Je Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06973, Korea
| | - Mi Ji Choi
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06973, Korea.,Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06973, Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Bak
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06973, Korea.,Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06973, Korea
| | - Byung Chul Lee
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06973, Korea.,Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06973, Korea
| | - Eun Jung Ko
- Myongji Hospital, College of Medicine, Seonam University, Goyang, 10475, Korea
| | - Ga Ram Ahn
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06973, Korea
| | | | - Moo Joong Kim
- Fort Hays State University, Hays, Kansas, 67601, USA
| | - Jungtae Na
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06973, Korea.
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06973, Korea. .,Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06973, Korea.
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Kwon TR, Kim JH, Seok J, Kim JM, Bak DH, Choi MJ, Mun SK, Kim CW, Ahn S, Kim BJ. Fractional CO2
laser treatment for vaginal laxity: A preclinical study. Lasers Surg Med 2018; 50:940-947. [DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Rin Kwon
- Department of Dermatology; Chung-Ang University College of Medicine; 102 Heukseokro, Dongjak-gu Seoul 156-755 Korea
| | - Jong Hwan Kim
- Department of Dermatology; Chung-Ang University College of Medicine; 102 Heukseokro, Dongjak-gu Seoul 156-755 Korea
- Department of Medicine; Graduate School; Chung-Ang University; Seoul Korea
| | - Joon Seok
- Department of Dermatology; Chung-Ang University College of Medicine; 102 Heukseokro, Dongjak-gu Seoul 156-755 Korea
- Department of Medicine; Graduate School; Chung-Ang University; Seoul Korea
| | - Jae Min Kim
- Department of Dermatology; Chung-Ang University College of Medicine; 102 Heukseokro, Dongjak-gu Seoul 156-755 Korea
- Department of Medicine; Graduate School; Chung-Ang University; Seoul Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Bak
- Department of Dermatology; Chung-Ang University College of Medicine; 102 Heukseokro, Dongjak-gu Seoul 156-755 Korea
- Department of Medicine; Graduate School; Chung-Ang University; Seoul Korea
| | - Mi-Ji Choi
- Department of Dermatology; Chung-Ang University College of Medicine; 102 Heukseokro, Dongjak-gu Seoul 156-755 Korea
- Department of Medicine; Graduate School; Chung-Ang University; Seoul Korea
| | - Seok Kyun Mun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Chung-Ang University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Chan Woong Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine; Chung-Ang University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | | | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Dermatology; Chung-Ang University College of Medicine; 102 Heukseokro, Dongjak-gu Seoul 156-755 Korea
- Department of Medicine; Graduate School; Chung-Ang University; Seoul Korea
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20
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Na J, Bak DH, Im SI, Choi H, Hwang JH, Kong SY, No YA, Lee Y, Kim BJ. Anti‑apoptotic effects of glycosaminoglycans via inhibition of ERK/AP‑1 signaling in TNF‑α‑stimulated human dermal fibroblasts. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:3090-3098. [PMID: 29436595 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been established that glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) serve an important role in protecting the skin against the effects of aging. A previous clinical trial by our group identified that a cream containing GAGs reduced wrinkles and increased skin elasticity, dermal density and skin tightening. However, the exact molecular mechanism underlying the anti‑aging effect of GAGs has not yet been fully elucidated. The present study assessed the influence of GAGs on cell viability, collagen synthesis and collagen synthesis‑associated signaling pathways in tumor necrosis factor‑α (TNF‑α)‑stimulated human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs); an in vitro model of aging. The results demonstrated that GAGs restored type I collagen synthesis and secretion by inhibiting extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK) signaling in TNF‑α‑stimulated HDFs. However, GAGs did not activate c‑jun N‑terminal kinase or p38. It was determined that GAGs suppressed the phosphorylation of downstream transcription factors of ERK activation, activator protein‑1 (AP‑1; c‑fos and c‑jun), leading to a decrease in matrix metalloproteinase‑1 (MMP‑1) levels and the upregulation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‑1 in TNF‑α‑stimulated HDFs. In addition, GAGs attenuated the apoptosis of HDFs induced by TNF‑α. The current study revealed a novel mechanism: GAGs serve a crucial role in ameliorating TNF‑α‑induced MMP‑1 expression, which causes type I collagen degeneration via the inactivation of ERK/AP‑1 signaling in HDFs. The results of the present study indicate the potential application of GAGs as effective anti‑aging agents that induce wrinkle reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungtae Na
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung‑Ang University, Seoul 06973, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Bak
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung‑Ang University, Seoul 06973, Republic of Korea
| | - Song I Im
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung‑Ang University, Seoul 06973, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyangtae Choi
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung‑Ang University, Seoul 06973, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Hwang
- Taeyoung Co., Ltd., Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13467, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Yeon Kong
- Taeyoung Co., Ltd., Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13467, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon A No
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung‑Ang University, Seoul 06973, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghee Lee
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung‑Ang University, Seoul 06973, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung‑Ang University, Seoul 06973, Republic of Korea
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21
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Gil MN, Choi DR, Yu KS, Jeong JH, Bak DH, Kim DK, Lee NS, Lee JH, Jeong YG, Na CS, Na DS, Ryu KH, Han SY. Rhus verniciflua Stokes attenuates cholestatic liver cirrhosis-induced interstitial fibrosis via Smad3 down-regulation and Smad7 up-regulation. Anat Cell Biol 2016; 49:189-198. [PMID: 27722012 PMCID: PMC5052228 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2016.49.3.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholestatic liver cirrhosis (CLC) eventually proceeds to end-stage liver failure by mediating overwhelming deposition of collagen, which is produced by activated interstitial myofibroblasts. Although the beneficial effects of Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS) on various diseases are well-known, its therapeutic effect and possible underlying mechanism on interstitial fibrosis associated with CLC are not elucidated. This study was designed to assess the protective effects of RVS and its possible underlying mechanisms in rat models of CLC established by bile duct ligation (BDL). We demonstrated that BDL markedly elevated the serological parameters such as aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, total bilirubin, and direct bilirubin, all of which were significantly attenuated by the daily uptake of RVS (2 mg/kg/day) for 28 days (14 days before and after operation) via intragastric route. We observed that BDL drastically induced the deterioration of liver histoarchitecture and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), both of which were significantly attenuated by RVS. In addition, we revealed that RVS inhibited BDL-induced proliferation and activation of interstitial myofibroblasts, a highly suggestive cell type for ECM production, as shown by immunohistochemical and semi-quantitative detection of α-smooth muscle actin and vimentin. Finally, we demonstrated that the anti-fibrotic effect of RVS was associated with the inactivation of Smad3, the key downstream target of a major fibrogenic cytokine, i.e., transforming growth factor β (TGF-β). Simultaneously, we also found that RVS reciprocally increased the expression of Smad7, a negative regulatory protein of the TGF-β/Smad3 pathway. Taken together, these results suggested that RVS has a therapeutic effect on CLC, and these effects are, at least partly, due to the inhibition of liver fibrosis by the downregulation of Smad3 and upregulation of Smad7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Na Gil
- Department of Anatomy, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Du Ri Choi
- Department of Anatomy, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kwang Sik Yu
- Department of Anatomy, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ji Heun Jeong
- Department of Anatomy, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Bak
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University R&D Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do-Kyung Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Nam-Seob Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Je-Hun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young-Gil Jeong
- Department of Anatomy, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | | | | | - Ki-Hyun Ryu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seung Yun Han
- Department of Anatomy, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.; Myunggok Research Institute, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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22
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Kwon TR, Choi EJ, Oh CT, Bak DH, Im SI, Ko EJ, Hong HK, Choi YS, Seok J, Choi SY, Ahn GY, Kim BJ. Targeting of sebaceous glands to treat acne by micro-insulated needles with radio frequency in a rabbit ear model. Lasers Surg Med 2016; 49:395-401. [DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Rin Kwon
- Department of Dermatology; Chung-Ang University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Eun Ja Choi
- Department of Dermatology; Chung-Ang University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Chang Taek Oh
- Department of Dermatology; Chung-Ang University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Bak
- Department of Medicine; Graduate School; Chung-Ang University; Seoul Korea
| | - Song-I Im
- Department of Medicine; Graduate School; Chung-Ang University; Seoul Korea
| | - Eun Jung Ko
- Department of Dermatology; Chung-Ang University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Hyuck Ki Hong
- Medical IT Convergence Research Center; Korea Electronics Technology Institute; Gyeonggi-do Korea
| | - Yeon Shik Choi
- Medical IT Convergence Research Center; Korea Electronics Technology Institute; Gyeonggi-do Korea
| | - Joon Seok
- Department of Dermatology; Chung-Ang University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
- Department of Medicine; Graduate School; Chung-Ang University; Seoul Korea
| | - Sun Young Choi
- Department of Dermatology; Chung-Ang University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
- Department of Dermatology; Asan Medical Center; University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | | | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Dermatology; Chung-Ang University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
- Department of Medicine; Graduate School; Chung-Ang University; Seoul Korea
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23
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Kim JJ, Kang YJ, Shin SA, Bak DH, Lee JW, Lee KB, Yoo YC, Kim DK, Lee BH, Kim DW, Lee J, Jo EK, Yuk JM. Phlorofucofuroeckol Improves Glutamate-Induced Neurotoxicity through Modulation of Oxidative Stress-Mediated Mitochondrial Dysfunction in PC12 Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163433. [PMID: 27669570 PMCID: PMC5036853 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a complex neurodegenerative disorder with a clinically high prevalence and mortality. Despite many efforts to protect against ischemic stroke, its incidence and related permanent disabilities continue to increase. In this study, we found that pretreatment with phlorofucofuroeckol (PFF), isolated from brown algae species, significantly increased cell viability in glutamate-stimulated PC12 cells. Additionally, glutamate-stimulated cells showed irregular morphology, but PFF pretreatment resulted in improved cell morphology, which resembled that in cells cultured under normal conditions. We further showed that PFF pretreatment effectively inhibited glutamate-induced apoptotic cell death in a caspase-dependent manner. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by oxidative stress are closely associated with ischemia-induced neurological diseases. Exposure of PC12 cells to glutamate induced abundant production of intracellular ROS and mitochondrial dysfunction, which was attenuated by PFF in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo studies revealed that PFF-mediated prevention was achieved predominantly through inhibition of apoptosis and mitochondrial ROS generation. Taken together, these results suggest the possibility of PFF as a neuroprotective agent in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jwa-Jin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Jungwon University, Geosan, Chungbuk, South Korea
- Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
- Brain Research Institute, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
- LES Corporation Inc., Daejeon, South Korea
- * E-mail: (JMY); (JJK)
| | - Yoon-Joong Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Jungwon University, Geosan, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Sun-Ae Shin
- Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Bak
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jae Won Lee
- Material Science and Engineering, Jungwon University, Geosan, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Kyung Bok Lee
- Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yung Choon Yoo
- Microbiology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Do-Kyung Kim
- Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Bong Ho Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Dong Woon Kim
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
- Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
- Brain Research Institute, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jina Lee
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
- Infection Biology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eun-Kyeong Jo
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
- Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jae-Min Yuk
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
- Infection Biology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
- * E-mail: (JMY); (JJK)
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24
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Bak DH, Kang SH, Choi DUR, Gil MN, Yu KS, Jeong JH, Lee NS, Lee JH, Jeong YG, Kim DK, Kim DOK, Kim JJ, Han SY. Autophagy enhancement contributes to the synergistic effect of vitamin D in temozolomide-based glioblastoma chemotherapy. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:2153-2162. [PMID: 27313664 PMCID: PMC4888049 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ), an alkylating agent, is recommended as the initial treatment for high-grade glioblastoma. TMZ is widely used, but its short half-life and the frequency of tumor resistance limit its therapeutic efficacy. In the present study, the anticancer effect of vitamin D (VD) combined with TMZ upon glioblastoma was determined, and the underlying mechanism of this effect was identified. Through cell viability, clonogenic and wound healing assays, the current study demonstrated that treatment of a C6 glioblastoma cell line with TMZ and VD resulted in significantly increased in vitro antitumor effects compared with either VD or TMZ alone. Autophagy, hypothesized to be the dominant mechanism underlying TMZ-based tumor cell death, was maximally activated in TMZ and VD co-treated C6 cells. This was demonstrated by ultrastructural observations of autophagosomes, increased size and number of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) puncta and increased conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II. However, the extent of apoptosis was not significantly different between cells treated with TMZ and VD and those treated with TMZ alone. Addition of the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine markedly inhibited the anticancer effect of TMZ and VD treatment, indicating that the chemosensitizing effect of VD in TMZ-based glioblastoma therapy is generated through enhancement of cytotoxic autophagy. TMZ and VD co-treatment also significantly inhibited tumor progression and prolonged survival duration in rat glioblastoma orthotopic xenograft models when compared with TMZ treatment alone. These in vivo results are concordant with the aforementioned in vitro results, together revealing that the combined use of TMZ and VD exerts synergistic antitumor effects on rat models of glioblastoma and may represent an effective therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ho Bak
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302-718, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hee Kang
- Department of Radiological Science, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302-718, Republic of Korea
| | - DU Ri Choi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302-718, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Na Gil
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302-718, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Sik Yu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302-718, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Heun Jeong
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302-718, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Seob Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302-718, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Hun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302-718, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Gil Jeong
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302-718, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kwan Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302-718, Republic of Korea
| | - DO-Kyung Kim
- Industry Cooperation Foundation, Konyang University, Daejeon 302-718, Republic of Korea
| | - Jwa-Jin Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302-718, Republic of Korea; Myunggok Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302-718, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yun Han
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302-718, Republic of Korea; Myunggok Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302-718, Republic of Korea
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Bak DH, Kim HD, Kim YO, Park CG, Han SY, Kim JJ. Neuroprotective effects of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol against glutamate-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in PC12 cells. Int J Mol Med 2015; 37:378-86. [PMID: 26709399 PMCID: PMC4716797 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Mey.) is commonly used in traditional oriental medicine for its wide spectrum of medicinal properties, including anti-inflammatory, antitumorigenic, adaptogenic and anti-aging properties. 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol (PPD), the main intestinal metabolite of ginsenosides, is one of the active ingredients in ginseng. In this study, we aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of PPD on PC12 cells; however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We examined cell viability by MTT assay and the morphological changes of PC12 cells following glutamate-induced cell damage and evaluated the anti-apoptotic effects of PPD using Hoechst 33258 staining, western blot analysis and Muse™ Cell Analyzer and the antioxidant effects of PPD using FACS analysis and immunofluorescence. Furthermore, PPD exerted protective effects on PC12 cells via the inhibition of mitochondrial damage against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity using immunofluorescence, electron microscopy and FACS analysis. We demonstrate that treatment with PPD suppresses apoptosis, which contributes to the neuroprotective effects of PPD against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in PC12 cells. Treatment with PPD inhibited nuclear condensation and decreased the number of Annexin V-positive cells. In addition, PPD increased antioxidant activity and mitochondrial homeostasis in the glutamate-exposed cells. These antioxidant effects were responsible for the neuroprotection and enhanced mitochondrial function following treatment with PPD. Furthermore, PD inhibited the glutamate-induced morphological changes in the mitochondria and scavenged the mitochondrial and cytosolic reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by glutamate. In addition, mitochondrial function was significantly improved in terms of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and enhanced mitochondrial mass compared with the cells exposed to glutamate and not treated with PPD. Taken together, the findings of our study indicate that the antioxidant effects and the enhanced mitochondrial function triggered by PPD contribute to the inhibition of apoptosis, thus leading to a neuroprotective response, as a novel survival mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ho Bak
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302-718, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Don Kim
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science (NIHHS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Eumseong, Chungbuk 369-873, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ock Kim
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science (NIHHS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Eumseong, Chungbuk 369-873, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Geun Park
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science (NIHHS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Eumseong, Chungbuk 369-873, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yun Han
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302-718, Republic of Korea
| | - Jwa-Jin Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302-718, Republic of Korea
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