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Salehipour M, Rezaei S, Yazdani M, Mogharabi-Manzari M. Recent advances in preparation of polymer hydrogel composites and their applications in enzyme immobilization. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04370-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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2
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Nishat ZS, Hossain T, Islam MN, Phan HP, Wahab MA, Moni MA, Salomon C, Amin MA, Sina AAI, Hossain MSA, Kaneti YV, Yamauchi Y, Masud MK. Hydrogel Nanoarchitectonics: An Evolving Paradigm for Ultrasensitive Biosensing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2107571. [PMID: 35620959 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The integration of nanoarchitectonics and hydrogel into conventional biosensing platforms offers the opportunities to design physically and chemically controlled and optimized soft structures with superior biocompatibility, better immobilization of biomolecules, and specific and sensitive biosensor design. The physical and chemical properties of 3D hydrogel structures can be modified by integrating with nanostructures. Such modifications can enhance their responsiveness to mechanical, optical, thermal, magnetic, and electric stimuli, which in turn can enhance the practicality of biosensors in clinical settings. This review describes the synthesis and kinetics of gel networks and exploitation of nanostructure-integrated hydrogels in biosensing. With an emphasis on different integration strategies of hydrogel with nanostructures, this review highlights the importance of hydrogel nanostructures as one of the most favorable candidates for developing ultrasensitive biosensors. Moreover, hydrogel nanoarchitectonics are also portrayed as a promising candidate for fabricating next-generation robust biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakia Sultana Nishat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Tanvir Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Md Nazmul Islam
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Tees Valley, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BA, UK
| | - Hoang-Phuong Phan
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Md A Wahab
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Mohammad Ali Moni
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane City, QLD, 4029, Australia
- Departamento de Investigación, Postgrado y Educación Continua (DIPEC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Alba, Santiago, 8320000, Chile
| | - Mohammed A Amin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P. O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abu Ali Ibn Sina
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Md Shahriar A Hossain
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology (EAIT), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Yusuf Valentino Kaneti
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology (EAIT), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project and International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Mostafa Kamal Masud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project and International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
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Tapdigov SZ. The bonding nature of the chemical interaction between trypsin and chitosan based carriers in immobilization process depend on entrapped method: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:1676-1696. [PMID: 34015409 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The review article is dedicated to a comprehensive study of the chemical bond formed during the immobilization of the proteolytic enzyme pancreatic trypsin in chitosan-based polymer matrixes and its derivatives. The main focus of the study is to describe the chemical bond that causes immobilization between chitosan based carriers and trypsin. Because the nature of the chemical bond between the carrier and trypsin is a key factor in determining the area of application of the conjugate. It has been found out that after the chemical nature of functional groups, their degree of ionization, the structure of the chemical cross-linking, the medium pH and ionic strength of chitosan are modified, the mechanism of trypsin immobilization is affected. As a result, the attraction enzyme to the matrix occurs due to polar covalent and hydrogen bonds, as well as electrostatic, hydrophobic, Van der Waals forces. The collected research works on the immobilization of trypsin on chitosan-based carriers have been systematized in the paper and shown schematically in subsystems according to the type of chemical interaction. It has been shown that the immobilization of trypsin on chitosan based matrixes occur more often due to the covalent and hydrogen bonds between the protein and the carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamo Zokhrab Tapdigov
- Department of Nanostructured Metal-polymer Catalysist, Institute Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, H. Javid ave. 113, AZ1143, Azerbaijan; Department of Prevention of Sand and Water Appearance, Oil-gas Research and Design Institute, The State Oil Company of the Azerbaijan Republic, H. Zardabi ave. 88, AZ1012 Baku, Azerbaijan.
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Different strategies for the lipase immobilization on the chitosan based supports and their applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 179:170-195. [PMID: 33667561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Immobilized enzymes have received incredible interests in industry, pharmaceuticals, chemistry and biochemistry sectors due to their various advantages such as ease of separation, multiple reusability, non-toxicity, biocompatibility, high activity and resistant to environmental changes. This review in between various immobilized enzymes focuses on lipase as one of the most practical enzyme and chitosan as a preferred biosupport for lipase immobilization and provides a broad range of studies of recent decade. We highlight several aspects of lipase immobilization on the surface of chitosan support containing various types of lipase and immobilization techniques from physical adsorption to covalent bonding and cross-linking with their benefits and drawbacks. The recent advances and future perspectives that can improve the present problems with lipase and chitosan such as high-price of lipase and low mechanical resistance of chitosan are also discussed. According to the literature, optimization of immobilization methods, combination of these methods with other techniques, physical and chemical modifications of chitosan, co-immobilization and protein engineering can be useful as a solution to overcome the mentioned limitations.
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Shu G, He Y, Chen L, Song Y, Meng J, Chen H. Microencapsulation of Lactobacillus Acidophilus by Xanthan-Chitosan and Its Stability in Yoghurt. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E733. [PMID: 30966036 PMCID: PMC6418684 DOI: 10.3390/polym9120733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Microencapsulations of Lactobacillus acidophilus in xanthan-chitosan (XC) and xanthan-chitosan-xanthan (XCX) polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) gels were prepared in this study. The process of encapsulation was optimized with the aid of response surface methodology (RSM). The optimum condition was chitosan of 0.68%, xanthan of 0.76%, xanthan-L. acidophilus mixture (XLM)/chitosan of 1:2.56 corresponding to a high viable count (1.31 ± 0.14) × 1010 CFU·g-1, and encapsulation yield 86 ± 0.99%, respectively. Additionally, the application of a new encapsulation system (XC and XCX) in yoghurt achieved great success in bacterial survival during the storage of 21 d at 4 °C and 25 °C, respectively. Specially, pH and acidity in yogurt were significantly influenced by the new encapsulation system in comparison to free suspension during 21 d storage. Our study provided a potential encapsulation system for probiotic application in dairy product which paving a new way for functional food development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Shu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Yunxia He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Li Chen
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Yajuan Song
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Jiangpeng Meng
- Xi'an Baiyue Goat Milk Corp., Ltd., Xi'an 710089, China.
| | - He Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
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Dadou SM, El-Barghouthi MI, Alabdallah SK, Badwan AA, Antonijevic MD, Chowdhry BZ. Effect of Protonation State and N-Acetylation of Chitosan on Its Interaction with Xanthan Gum: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15100298. [PMID: 28946687 PMCID: PMC5666406 DOI: 10.3390/md15100298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrophilic matrices composed of chitosan (CS) and xanthan gum (XG) complexes are of pharmaceutical interest in relation to drug delivery due to their ability to control the release of active ingredients. Molecular dynamics simulations (MDs) have been performed in order to obtain information pertaining to the effect of the state of protonation and degree of N-acetylation (DA) on the molecular conformation of chitosan and its ability to interact with xanthan gum in aqueous solutions. The conformational flexibility of CS was found to be highly dependent on its state of protonation. Upon complexation with XG, a substantial restriction in free rotation around the glycosidic bond was noticed in protonated CS dimers regardless of their DA, whereas deprotonated molecules preserved their free mobility. Calculated values for the free energy of binding between CS and XG revealed the dominant contribution of electrostatic forces on the formation of complexes and that the most stable complexes were formed when CS was at least half-protonated and the DA was ≤50%. The results obtained provide an insight into the main factors governing the interaction between CS and XG, such that they can be manipulated accordingly to produce complexes with the desired controlled-release effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suha M Dadou
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Chemical and Environmental Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK.
| | - Musa I El-Barghouthi
- Department of Chemistry, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 150459, Zarqa 13115, Jordan.
| | - Samer K Alabdallah
- Department of Chemistry, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 150459, Zarqa 13115, Jordan.
| | - Adnan A Badwan
- The Jordanian Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Company (PLC), Research and Innovation Centre, P.O. Box 94, Naor 11710, Jordan.
| | - Milan D Antonijevic
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Chemical and Environmental Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK.
| | - Babur Z Chowdhry
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Chemical and Environmental Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK.
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7
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Sun H, Jin X, Long N, Zhang R. Improved biodegradation of synthetic azo dye by horseradish peroxidase cross-linked on nano-composite support. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 95:1049-1055. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.10.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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8
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Procházka K, Šindelka K, Wang X, Limpouchová Z, Lísal M. Self-assembly and co-assembly of block polyelectrolytes in aqueous solutions. Dissipative particle dynamics with explicit electrostatics. Mol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2016.1225130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karel Procházka
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Šindelka
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Xiu Wang
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Limpouchová
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Lísal
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Aerosols, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, J. E. Purkinje University, Ústí n.L., Czech Republic
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Salazar-Leyva JA, Lizardi-Mendoza J, Ramirez-Suarez JC, Lugo-Sanchez ME, Valenzuela-Soto EM, Ezquerra-Brauer JM, Castillo-Yañez FJ, Pacheco-Aguilar R. Catalytic and Operational Stability of Acidic Proteases from Monterey Sardine (Sardinops sagax caerulea) Immobilized on a Partially Deacetylated Chitin Support. J Food Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Aaron Salazar-Leyva
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. Carretera a la Victoria, Km. 0.6; C.P. 83304 Hermosillo Sonora México
- Universidad Politécnica de Sinaloa. Unidad Académica de Ingeniería en Biotecnología. Carretera Municipal Libre Mazatlán-Higueras; C.P. 82199 Mazatlán Sinaloa México
| | - Jaime Lizardi-Mendoza
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. Carretera a la Victoria, Km. 0.6; C.P. 83304 Hermosillo Sonora México
| | - Juan Carlos Ramirez-Suarez
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. Carretera a la Victoria, Km. 0.6; C.P. 83304 Hermosillo Sonora México
| | - Maria Elena Lugo-Sanchez
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. Carretera a la Victoria, Km. 0.6; C.P. 83304 Hermosillo Sonora México
| | - Elisa Miriam Valenzuela-Soto
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. Carretera a la Victoria, Km. 0.6; C.P. 83304 Hermosillo Sonora México
| | - Josafat Marina Ezquerra-Brauer
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Rosales y Niños Héroes; S/N. Hermosillo Sonora México
| | - Francisco Javier Castillo-Yañez
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Rosales y Niños Héroes; S/N. Hermosillo Sonora México
| | - Ramon Pacheco-Aguilar
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. Carretera a la Victoria, Km. 0.6; C.P. 83304 Hermosillo Sonora México
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10
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Maciulyte S, Kochane T, Budriene S. Microencapsulation of maltogenicα-amylase in poly(urethane–urea) shell: inverse emulsion method. J Microencapsul 2015; 32:547-58. [DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2015.1065916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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11
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Deschaume O, Magnin D, Cheng ZA, Douchamps C, Labbé P, Yunus S, Durrieu MC, Nysten B, Glinel K, Demoustier-Champagne S, Jonas AM. Comparison of the Density of Proteins and Peptides Grafted on Silane Layers and Polyelectrolyte Multilayers. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:3706-16. [DOI: 10.1021/bm500996u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Deschaume
- Bio and
Soft Matter, Institute
of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1 L7.04.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Delphine Magnin
- Bio and
Soft Matter, Institute
of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1 L7.04.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Zhe A. Cheng
- Bio and
Soft Matter, Institute
of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1 L7.04.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Colette Douchamps
- Bio and
Soft Matter, Institute
of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1 L7.04.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Pierre Labbé
- Bio and
Soft Matter, Institute
of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1 L7.04.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Sami Yunus
- Bio and
Soft Matter, Institute
of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1 L7.04.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Marie-Christine Durrieu
- Bio and
Soft Matter, Institute
of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1 L7.04.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Bernard Nysten
- Bio and
Soft Matter, Institute
of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1 L7.04.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Karine Glinel
- Bio and
Soft Matter, Institute
of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1 L7.04.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Sophie Demoustier-Champagne
- Bio and
Soft Matter, Institute
of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1 L7.04.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Alain M. Jonas
- Bio and
Soft Matter, Institute
of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1 L7.04.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Chitosan-based Schiff base-metal complexes (Mn, Cu, Co) as heterogeneous, new catalysts for the β-isophorone oxidation. J CHEM SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-014-0601-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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Salazar-Leyva JA, Lizardi-Mendoza J, Ramirez-Suarez JC, Valenzuela-Soto EM, Ezquerra-Brauer JM, Castillo-Yañez FJ, Pacheco-Aguilar R. Acidic Proteases from Monterey Sardine (Sardinops sagax caerulea) Immobilized on Shrimp Waste Chitin and Chitosan Supports: Searching for a By-product Catalytic System. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 171:795-805. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0407-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Veiga IG, Moraes ÂM. Study of the swelling and stability properties of chitosan-xanthan membranes. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.35526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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16
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Kizilay E, Kayitmazer AB, Dubin PL. Complexation and coacervation of polyelectrolytes with oppositely charged colloids. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 167:24-37. [PMID: 21803318 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte-colloid coacervation could be viewed as a sub-category of complex coacervation, but is unique in (1) retaining the structure and properties of the colloid, and (2) reducing the heterogeneity and configurational complexity of polyelectrolyte-polyelectrolyte (PE-PE) systems. Interest in protein-polyelectrolyte coacervates arises from preservation of biofunctionality; in addition, the geometric and charge isotropy of micelles allows for better comparison with theory, taking into account the central role of colloid charge density. In the context of these two systems, we describe critical conditions for complex formation and for coacervation with regard to colloid and polyelectrolyte charge densities, ionic strength, PE molecular weight (MW), and stoichiometry; and effects of temperature and shear, which are unique to the PE-micelle systems. The coacervation process is discussed in terms of theoretical treatments and models, as supported by experimental findings. We point out how soluble aggregates, subject to various equilibria and disproportionation effects, can self-assemble leading to heterogeneity in macroscopically homogeneous coacervates, on multiple length scales.
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17
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Maurstad G, Kitamura S, Stokke BT. Isothermal titration calorimetry study of the polyelectrolyte complexation of xanthan and chitosan samples of different degree of polymerization. Biopolymers 2011; 97:1-10. [PMID: 21732323 DOI: 10.1002/bip.21691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Mixing oppositely charged polyelectrolytes in aqueous solutions leads to the spontaneous formation of polyelectrolyte complexes. Here, we characterize the interaction between xanthan of two different chain lengths, a tri-glucosamine and a chitosan polymer by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Analysis of the experimental thermodynamic data assuming a single set of identical sites indicated both enthalpic and entropic contributions to the overall interaction in the interaction between xanthan and tri-glucosamine. The relative contribution of entropy compared to enthalpy was found to be largest for the shortest chain length of xanthan. Using a chitosan polymer instead of tri-glucosamine gave rise to two different stages in the interaction process. A model where the first stage of the ITC curve represent an initial polyelectrolyte complexation stage followed by aggregation on further titration of chitosan to the xanthan is suggested. Ultrastructure images by applying atomic force microscopy at some selected extents of titration are consistent with the two-stage interpretation of the thermodynamic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gjertrud Maurstad
- Department of Physics, Biophysics and Medical Technology, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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18
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Colinet I, Dulong V, Mocanu G, Picton L, Le Cerf D. Effect of chitosan coating on the swelling and controlled release of a poorly water-soluble drug from an amphiphilic and pH-sensitive hydrogel. Int J Biol Macromol 2010; 47:120-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2010.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Accepted: 05/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Pramparo L, Stüber F, Font J, Fortuny A, Fabregat A, Bengoa C. Immobilisation of horseradish peroxidase on EupergitC for the enzymatic elimination of phenol. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2010; 177:990-1000. [PMID: 20092944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2009] [Revised: 12/29/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, three different approaches for the covalent immobilisation of the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) onto epoxy-activated acrylic polymers (EupergitC) were explored for the first time, direct HRP binding to the polymers via their oxirane groups, HRP binding to the polymers via a spacer made from adipic dihydrazide, and HRP binding to hydrazido polymer surfaces through the enzyme carbohydrate moiety previously modified by periodate oxidation. The periodate-mediated covalent immobilisation of the HRP on hydrazido EupergitC was found to be the most effective method for the preparation of biocatalysts. In this case, a maximum value of the immobilised enzyme activity of 127 U/g(support) was found using an enzyme loading on the support of 35.2mg/g(support). The free and the immobilised HRP were used to study the elimination of phenol in two batch reactors. As expected, the activity of the immobilised enzyme was lower than the activity of the free enzyme. Around 85% of enzyme activity is lost during the immobilisation. However, the reaction using immobilised enzyme showed that it was possible to reach high degrees of phenol removal (around 50%) using about one hundredth of the enzyme used in the soluble form.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pramparo
- Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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Rassaei L, Bonné MJ, Sillanpää M, Marken F. Binding site control in a layer-by-layer deposited chitosan–carbon nanoparticle film electrode. NEW J CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b800331a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kayitmazer AB, Strand SP, Tribet C, Jaeger W, Dubin PL. Effect of Polyelectrolyte Structure on Protein−Polyelectrolyte Coacervates: Coacervates of Bovine Serum Albumin with Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) versus Chitosan. Biomacromolecules 2007; 8:3568-77. [PMID: 17892297 DOI: 10.1021/bm700645t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Electrostatic interactions between synthetic polyelectrolytes and proteins can lead to the formation of dense, macroion-rich liquid phases, with equilibrium microheterogeneities on length scales up to hundreds of nanometers. The effects of pH and ionic strength on the rheological and optical properties of these coacervates indicate microstructures sensitive to protein-polyelectrolyte interactions. We report here on the properties of coacervates obtained for bovine serum albumin (BSA) with the biopolyelectrolyte chitosan and find remarkable differences relative to coacervates obtained for BSA with poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC). Coacervation with chitosan occurs more readily than with PDADMAC. Viscosities of coacervates obtained with chitosan are more than an order of magnitude larger and, unlike those with PDADMAC, show temperature and shear rate dependence. For the coacervates with chitosan, a fast relaxation time in dynamic light scattering, attributable to relatively unrestricted protein diffusion in both systems, is diminished in intensity by a factor of 3-4, and the consequent dominance by slow modes is accompanied by a more heterogeneous array of slow apparent diffusivities. In place of a small-angle neutron scattering Guinier region in the vicinity of 0.004 A-1, a 10-fold increase in scattering intensity is observed at lower q. Taken together, these results confirm the presence of dense domains on length scales of hundreds of nanometers to micrometers, which in coacervates prepared with chitosan are less solidlike, more interconnected, and occupy a larger volume fraction. The differences in properties are thus correlated with differences in mesophase structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Basak Kayitmazer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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Kumar MNVR, Muzzarelli RAA, Muzzarelli C, Sashiwa H, Domb AJ. Chitosan chemistry and pharmaceutical perspectives. Chem Rev 2005; 104:6017-84. [PMID: 15584695 DOI: 10.1021/cr030441b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1764] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M N V Ravi Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab-160 062, India.
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