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Kuété MA, Van Velthem P, Ballout W, Klavzer N, Nysten B, Ndikontar MK, Pardoen T, Bailly C. Eco-Friendly Blends of Recycled PET Copolymers with PLLA and Their Composites with Chopped Flax Fibres. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3004. [PMID: 37514394 PMCID: PMC10384891 DOI: 10.3390/polym15143004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The structure and properties of blends of a novel polyethylene terephthalate copolymer (COPET) obtained by chemical recycling of commercial PET with high-molar-mass poly-L-lactide (PLLA) are investigated and compared to corresponding composites with chopped flax fibres. The focus is on the morphology at nano- and micro-scales, on the thermal characteristics and on the mechanical behaviour. The blends are immiscible, as evidenced by virtually unchanged glass transition temperatures of the blend components compared to the neat polymers (49 °C for COPET and 63 °C for PLLA by DSC). At low PLLA content, the blends display a sea-island morphology with sub-micron to micron droplet sizes. As the composition approaches 50/50, the morphology transitions to a coarser co-continuous elongated structure. The blends and composites show strongly improved stiffness compared to COPET above its glass transition temperature, e.g., from melt behaviour at 60 °C for COPET alone to almost 600 MPa for the 50/50 blend and 500 MPa for the 20% flax composite of the 80/20 COPET/PLLA blend. The flax fibres increase the crystallisation rate of PLLA in blends with dispersed PLLA morphology. The evidence of cavitation on the fracture surfaces of blends shows that despite the immiscibility of the components, the interfacial adhesion between the phases is excellent. This is attributed to the presence of aliphatic ester spacers in COPET. The tensile strength of the 80/20 blend is around 50 MPa with a Young's modulus of 2250 MPa. The corresponding 20% flax composite has similar tensile strength but a high Young's modulus equal to 6400 MPa, which results from the individual dispersion and strong adhesion of the flax fibres and leads close to the maximum possible reinforcement of the composite, as demonstrated by tensile tests and nano-indentation. The Ashby approach to eco-selection relying on the embodied energy (EE) further clarifies the eco-friendliness of the blends and their composites, which are even better positioned than PLLA in a stiffness versus EE chart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martial Aimé Kuété
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences-Bio & Soft Matter (IMCN/BSMA), UCLouvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering, UCLouvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Macromolecular Chemistry Unit, Applied Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 812, Cameroon
| | - Pascal Van Velthem
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences-Bio & Soft Matter (IMCN/BSMA), UCLouvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Wael Ballout
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences-Bio & Soft Matter (IMCN/BSMA), UCLouvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Nathan Klavzer
- Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering, UCLouvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Bernard Nysten
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences-Bio & Soft Matter (IMCN/BSMA), UCLouvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Maurice Kor Ndikontar
- Macromolecular Chemistry Unit, Applied Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 812, Cameroon
| | - Thomas Pardoen
- Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering, UCLouvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Christian Bailly
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences-Bio & Soft Matter (IMCN/BSMA), UCLouvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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2
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Pinheiro Pinto E, Olivia Alves Mendes da Costa S, D'Haese C, Nysten B, Paiva Machado F, Machado Rocha L, Marcolino de Souza T, Beloqui A, Resende Machado R, Silva Araújo R. Poly-ɛ-caprolactone nanocapsules loaded with copaiba essential oil reduce inflammation and pain in mice. Int J Pharm 2023:123147. [PMID: 37336298 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Diverse drugs have been used for the management of inflammation disorders and pain. However, they present many side effects and stimulate the search for new pharmacotherapeutic alternatives. Plant-derived products such as copaiba essential oil (CO) offer beneficial pharmacological effects. On the other hand, essential oil's low water solubility and physical instability hinder itsin vivoapplication. Thus, poly-ɛ-caprolactone (PCL)-based nanocarriers have been used to increase their stability and efficacy. This work aimed to encapsulate CO in PCL nanocapsules and evaluate their effect on inflammation models and pain. The polymeric nanocapsules loading CO (CO-NC) were prepared by nanoprecipitation technique, characterized, and analyzed for their anti-inflammatory effectin vitroandin vivo. The results showed that CO-NC presented a spherical shape, 229.3 ± 1.5 nm diameter, and a negative zeta potential (approximately -23 mV). CO and CO-NC presented anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects by LPS-activated macrophages (J774 cells). In addition, CO-NC significantly reduced TNF-α secretion (3-fold) compared to CO.In vivo, pre-treatment with CO or CO-NC (50, 100, 200 mg/kg, intraperitoneal; i.p) reduced the mechanical allodynia, paw edema, and pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by intraplantar (i.pl) injection of carrageenan in mice. Specifically, CO-NC (200 mg/kg; i.p.) reduced the production of TNF-α similar to the control group. Our results support using polymeric nanocapsules for CO delivery in inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cecile D'Haese
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Bio & Soft Matter, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Bernard Nysten
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Bio & Soft Matter, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Francisco Paiva Machado
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório de Tecnologia de Produtos Naturais, 24241-000 Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leandro Machado Rocha
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório de Tecnologia de Produtos Naturais, 24241-000 Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Beloqui
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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Canetta A, Gonzalez-Munoz S, Nguyen VH, Agarwal K, de Crombrugghe de Picquendaele P, Hong Y, Mohapatra S, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Nysten B, Hackens B, Ribeiro-Palau R, Charlier JC, Kolosov OV, Spièce J, Gehring P. Quantifying the local mechanical properties of twisted double bilayer graphene. Nanoscale 2023; 15:8134-8140. [PMID: 36974920 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr00388d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanomechanical measurements of minimally twisted van der Waals materials remained elusive despite their fundamental importance for device realisation. Here, we use Ultrasonic Force Microscopy (UFM) to locally quantify the variation of out-of-plane Young's modulus in minimally twisted double bilayer graphene (TDBG). We reveal a softening of the Young's modulus by 7% and 17% along single and double domain walls, respectively. Our experimental results are confirmed by force-field relaxation models. This study highlights the strong tunability of nanomechanical properties in engineered twisted materials, and paves the way for future applications of designer 2D nanomechanical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Canetta
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | | | - Viet-Hung Nguyen
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | | | | | - Yuanzhuo Hong
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Sambit Mohapatra
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Bernard Nysten
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Benoît Hackens
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Rebeca Ribeiro-Palau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Charlier
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | | | - Jean Spièce
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Pascal Gehring
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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Di Miceli JFF, Andrade MER, Carvalho PLA, Santos EA, Faria Mota Oliveira AEMD, Fernandes CP, Cruz RAS, Garrett R, Mosqueira VCF, Cassali GD, D'Haese C, Nysten B, Leite JIA, Cardoso VN, Araújo RS. Lecithin-based nanocapsule loading sucupira (Pterodon emarginatus) oil effects in experimental mucositis. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:1537-1547. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Belaroussi Y, Scheen G, Saadi AA, Taibi A, Maafri D, Nysten B, Gabouze N, Raskin J. Structural and nanomechanical properties of porous silicon: Cheap substrate for CMOS process industry. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.6885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gilles Scheen
- ICTEAM Université catholique de Louvain Louvain‐la‐Neuve Belgium
| | | | | | - Djabar Maafri
- Centre de Développement des Technologies Avancées Alger Algeria
| | - Bernard Nysten
- IMCN/BSMA Université catholique de Louvain Louvain‐la‐Neuve Belgium
| | - Noureddine Gabouze
- Centre de Recherche en Technologie des Semi‐conducteurs pour l'Energétique Alger Algeria
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6
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Cai R, De Smet D, Vanneste M, Nysten B, Glinel K, Jonas AM. One-Step Aqueous Spraying Process for the Fabrication of Omniphobic Fabrics Free of Long Perfluoroalkyl Chains. ACS Omega 2019; 4:16660-16666. [PMID: 31616848 PMCID: PMC6788208 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report on a simple and versatile method for the preparation in one-step of omniphobic textiles, using only aqueous suspensions of silica particles and polyurethane devoid of long perfluoroalkyl chains (C8) that are now legally-banned because of severe environmental concerns. The omniphobic coatings can be applied on different substrates including fabrics, can resist acidic and basic conditions and a moderate number of washing cycles, and repel liquids such as n-octane, dodecane, hexadecane, ethylene glycol, glycerol, olive oil, and water. Analysis of the wetting properties of coated fabrics indicates that the liquid repellence results from the trapping of air in the re-entrant roughness created by aggregates of silica particles, together with the low surface tension of the polyurethane which bears legally accepted short perfluoroalkyl chains (C4). Our study is a significant step forward toward achieving more environmentally-friendly and robust omniphobic textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronggang Cai
- Bio
& Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1/box L7.04.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - David De Smet
- Centexbel, Technologiepark 70, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | | | - Bernard Nysten
- Bio
& Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1/box L7.04.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Karine Glinel
- Bio
& Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1/box L7.04.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Alain M. Jonas
- Bio
& Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1/box L7.04.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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7
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Rouster P, Dondelinger M, Galleni M, Nysten B, Jonas AM, Glinel K. Layer-by-layer assembly of enzyme-loaded halloysite nanotubes for the fabrication of highly active coatings. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 178:508-514. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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8
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Pospisilova E, Renaud A, Poorteman M, Olivier M, Dumas L, Dubois P, Bonnaud L, Moshkunov K, Nysten B, Delcorte A. A quantitative determination of the polymerization of benzoxazine thin coatings by time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.6639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Pospisilova
- Bio and Soft Matter DivisionUniversité catholique de Louvain, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanoscience Louvain‐la‐Neuve Belgium
| | - Alexis Renaud
- Department of Materials Science, Materials Engineering Research Center (CRIM)University of Mons Mons Belgium
| | - Marc Poorteman
- Department of Materials Science, Materials Engineering Research Center (CRIM)University of Mons Mons Belgium
| | - Marjorie Olivier
- Department of Materials Science, Materials Engineering Research Center (CRIM)University of Mons Mons Belgium
| | - Ludovic Dumas
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP)University of Mons Mons Belgium
| | - Philippe Dubois
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP)University of Mons Mons Belgium
| | - Leila Bonnaud
- Materia Nova Research Center, Materia Nova asbl Mons Belgium
| | - Konstantin Moshkunov
- Bio and Soft Matter DivisionUniversité catholique de Louvain, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanoscience Louvain‐la‐Neuve Belgium
| | - Bernard Nysten
- Bio and Soft Matter DivisionUniversité catholique de Louvain, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanoscience Louvain‐la‐Neuve Belgium
| | - Arnaud Delcorte
- Bio and Soft Matter DivisionUniversité catholique de Louvain, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanoscience Louvain‐la‐Neuve Belgium
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9
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Bahrami A, Bailly C, Nysten B. Spatial resolution and property contrast in local mechanical mapping of polymer blends using AFM dynamic force spectroscopy. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Renaud A, Bonnaud L, Dumas L, Zhang T, Paint Y, Fasano F, Kulyk O, Pospisilova E, Nysten B, Delcorte A, Bonifazi D, Dubois P, Olivier MG, Poorteman M. A benzoxazine/substituted borazine composite coating: A new resin for improving the corrosion resistance of the pristine benzoxazine coating applied on aluminum. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Cai R, Glinel K, De Smet D, Vanneste M, Mannu N, Kartheuser B, Nysten B, Jonas AM. Environmentally Friendly Super-Water-Repellent Fabrics Prepared from Water-Based Suspensions. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:15346-15351. [PMID: 29688696 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b02707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We report on a facile, versatile, and environmentally friendly method to prepare superhydrophobic fabrics by a simple dip-coating method in water-based suspensions and emulsions. All the materials used are fluorine-free and commercially available at a large scale. The method can be easily integrated into standard textile industrial processes and has a strong potential for the mass production of environmentally friendly superwater-repellent fabrics. The produced fabrics show good resistance to machine washing and acidic or alkaline treatments. In addition, it is shown that superhydrophobicity can be quantitatively predicted based on the combination of the roughness of the fabric and of the fiber coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronggang Cai
- Bio & Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences , Université catholique de Louvain , Croix du Sud 1 , 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve , Belgium
| | - Karine Glinel
- Bio & Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences , Université catholique de Louvain , Croix du Sud 1 , 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve , Belgium
| | - David De Smet
- Centexbel , Technologiepark 7 , 9052 Zwijnaarde , Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Bernard Nysten
- Bio & Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences , Université catholique de Louvain , Croix du Sud 1 , 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve , Belgium
| | - Alain M Jonas
- Bio & Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences , Université catholique de Louvain , Croix du Sud 1 , 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve , Belgium
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12
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Poddar S, de Sa P, Cai R, Delannay L, Nysten B, Piraux L, Jonas AM. Room-Temperature Magnetic Switching of the Electric Polarization in Ferroelectric Nanopillars. ACS Nano 2018; 12:576-584. [PMID: 29298391 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b07389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Magnetoelectric layers with a strong coupling between ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism offer attractive opportunities for the design of new device architectures such as dual-channel memory and multiresponsive sensors and actuators. However, materials in which a magnetic field can switch an electric polarization are extremely rare, work most often only at very low temperatures, and/or comprise complex materials difficult to integrate. Here, we show that magnetostriction and flexoelectricity can be harnessed to strongly couple electric polarization and magnetism in a regularly nanopatterned magnetic metal/ferroelectric polymer layer, to the point that full reversal of the electric polarization can occur at room temperature by the sole application of a magnetic field. Experiments supported by finite element simulations demonstrate that magnetostriction produces large strain gradients at the base of the ferroelectric nanopillars in the magnetoelectric hybrid layer, translating by flexoelectricity into equivalent electric fields larger than the coercive field of the ferroelectric polymer. Our study shows that flexoelectricity can be advantageously used to create a very strong magnetoelectric coupling in a nanopatterned hybrid layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Poddar
- Institute of Condensed Matter & Nanosciences, Bio & Soft Matter Université Catholique de Louvain , Louvain-la-Neuve, BE 1348, Belgium
| | - Pedro de Sa
- Institute of Condensed Matter & Nanosciences, Bio & Soft Matter Université Catholique de Louvain , Louvain-la-Neuve, BE 1348, Belgium
| | - Ronggang Cai
- Institute of Condensed Matter & Nanosciences, Bio & Soft Matter Université Catholique de Louvain , Louvain-la-Neuve, BE 1348, Belgium
| | - Laurent Delannay
- Institute of Condensed Matter & Nanosciences, Bio & Soft Matter Université Catholique de Louvain , Louvain-la-Neuve, BE 1348, Belgium
| | - Bernard Nysten
- Institute of Condensed Matter & Nanosciences, Bio & Soft Matter Université Catholique de Louvain , Louvain-la-Neuve, BE 1348, Belgium
| | - Luc Piraux
- Institute of Condensed Matter & Nanosciences, Bio & Soft Matter Université Catholique de Louvain , Louvain-la-Neuve, BE 1348, Belgium
| | - Alain M Jonas
- Institute of Condensed Matter & Nanosciences, Bio & Soft Matter Université Catholique de Louvain , Louvain-la-Neuve, BE 1348, Belgium
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13
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Cai R, Antohe VA, Hu Z, Nysten B, Piraux L, Jonas AM. Multiferroic Nanopatterned Hybrid Material with Room-Temperature Magnetic Switching of the Electric Polarization. Adv Mater 2017; 29:1604604. [PMID: 27918116 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201604604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A nanopatterned hybrid layer is designed, wherein the electric polarization can be flipped at room temperature by a magnetic field aided by an electrical field. This is achieved by embedding ferromagnetic nanopillars in a continuous organic ferroelectric layer, and amplifying the magnetostriction-generated stress gradients by scaling down the supracrystalline cell of the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronggang Cai
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1/L7.04.02, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Vlad-Andrei Antohe
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1/L7.04.02, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Zhijun Hu
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China
| | - Bernard Nysten
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1/L7.04.02, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Luc Piraux
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1/L7.04.02, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Alain M Jonas
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1/L7.04.02, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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14
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Youssef IB, Sarry F, Nysten B, Alexieva G, Strashilov V, Kolev I, Alem H. Growth and toxic gas sensing properties of poly(urethaneimide) thin films. Talanta 2016; 153:145-51. [PMID: 27130101 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this work we present a study on the growth and the gas sensing properties of poly(urethane imide) thin films. We first deeply characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) the nanostructuration of the poly(urethane imide) holding different amine groups. We further studied the interaction between highly toxic gases such as hexamethyleneimine (HMI) and pyridine and the polymer by using an unconventional method based on Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) measurement. We showed for the first time that weak interactions, i.e. hydrogen bonding between the gas molecules and the polymer film allow the diffusion of the gas molecule deep in the polymeric film and the recovery of the film once the gas molecules leave the sensor. This first work paves a new way for the design of a completely recoverable sensor able to detect highly toxic gases for environmental concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Ben Youssef
- Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), UMR CNRS 7198, Université de Lorraine, Parc de Saurupt CS50840, 54011 Nancy, France; Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Macromoléculaire (LCPM), UMR CNRS-INPL 7568, Nancy Université, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54 001 Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Frederic Sarry
- Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), UMR CNRS 7198, Université de Lorraine, Parc de Saurupt CS50840, 54011 Nancy, France
| | - Bernard Nysten
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Bio & Soft Matter, Croix du Sud 1/L7.04.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Gergana Alexieva
- Sofia University, Department of Solid State Physics and Microelectronics, 5 J. Bourchier blvd, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vesselin Strashilov
- Sofia University, Department of Solid State Physics and Microelectronics, 5 J. Bourchier blvd, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Iliyan Kolev
- Medical University Varna, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Management, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Halima Alem
- Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), UMR CNRS 7198, Université de Lorraine, Parc de Saurupt CS50840, 54011 Nancy, France.
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15
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Cai R, Kassa HG, Haouari R, Marrani A, Geerts YH, Ruzié C, van Breemen AJJM, Gelinck GH, Nysten B, Hu Z, Jonas AM. Organic ferroelectric/semiconducting nanowire hybrid layer for memory storage. Nanoscale 2016; 8:5968-5976. [PMID: 26927694 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr00049e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ferroelectric materials are important components of sensors, actuators and non-volatile memories. However, possible device configurations are limited due to the need to provide screening charges to ferroelectric interfaces to avoid depolarization. Here we show that, by alternating ferroelectric and semiconducting nanowires over an insulating substrate, the ferroelectric dipole moment can be stabilized by injected free charge carriers accumulating laterally in the neighboring semiconducting nanowires. This lateral electrostatic coupling between ferroelectric and semiconducting nanowires offers new opportunities to design new device architectures. As an example, we demonstrate the fabrication of an elementary non-volatile memory device in a transistor-like configuration, of which the source-drain current exhibits a typical hysteretic behavior with respect to the poling voltage. The potential for size reduction intrinsic to the nanostructured hybrid layer offers opportunities for the development of strongly miniaturized ferroelectric and piezoelectric devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronggang Cai
- Bio & Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1/L7.04.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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16
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Ouhib F, Dirani A, Aqil A, Glinel K, Nysten B, Jonas AM, Jerôme C, Detrembleur C. Transparent superhydrophobic coatings from amphiphilic-fluorinated block copolymers synthesized by aqueous polymerization-induced self-assembly. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py00661b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Preparation of transparent and superhydrophobic coatings by co-deposition of an aqueous solution of an amphiphilic fluorinated block copolymer with silica was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Ouhib
- Centre for Education and Research on Macromolecules
- Chemistry Department
- University of Liège
- Allée de la chimie 4000 Liège
- Belgium
| | - Ali Dirani
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences
- Bio- & Soft Matter
- Université catholique de Louvain
- 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve
- Belgium
| | - Abdelhafid Aqil
- Centre for Education and Research on Macromolecules
- Chemistry Department
- University of Liège
- Allée de la chimie 4000 Liège
- Belgium
| | - Karine Glinel
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences
- Bio- & Soft Matter
- Université catholique de Louvain
- 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve
- Belgium
| | - Bernard Nysten
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences
- Bio- & Soft Matter
- Université catholique de Louvain
- 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve
- Belgium
| | - Alain M. Jonas
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences
- Bio- & Soft Matter
- Université catholique de Louvain
- 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve
- Belgium
| | - Christine Jerôme
- Centre for Education and Research on Macromolecules
- Chemistry Department
- University of Liège
- Allée de la chimie 4000 Liège
- Belgium
| | - Christophe Detrembleur
- Centre for Education and Research on Macromolecules
- Chemistry Department
- University of Liège
- Allée de la chimie 4000 Liège
- Belgium
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17
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Bahrami A, Morelle X, Hông Minh LD, Pardoen T, Bailly C, Nysten B. Curing dependent spatial heterogeneity of mechanical response in epoxy resins revealed by atomic force microscopy. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.04.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Fernandes AE, Ye Q, Collard L, Le Duff C, d'Haese C, Deumer G, Haufroid V, Nysten B, Riant O, Jonas AM. Effects of Thickness and Grafting Density on the Activity of Polymer-Brush-Immobilized Tris(triazolyl) Copper(I) Catalysts. ChemCatChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201402913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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19
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Deschaume O, Magnin D, Cheng ZA, Douchamps C, Labbé P, Yunus S, Durrieu MC, Nysten B, Glinel K, Demoustier-Champagne S, Jonas AM. Comparison of the Density of Proteins and Peptides Grafted on Silane Layers and Polyelectrolyte Multilayers. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:3706-16. [DOI: 10.1021/bm500996u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Deschaume
- Bio and
Soft Matter, Institute
of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1 L7.04.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Delphine Magnin
- Bio and
Soft Matter, Institute
of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1 L7.04.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Zhe A. Cheng
- Bio and
Soft Matter, Institute
of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1 L7.04.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Colette Douchamps
- Bio and
Soft Matter, Institute
of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1 L7.04.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Pierre Labbé
- Bio and
Soft Matter, Institute
of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1 L7.04.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Sami Yunus
- Bio and
Soft Matter, Institute
of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1 L7.04.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Marie-Christine Durrieu
- Bio and
Soft Matter, Institute
of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1 L7.04.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Bernard Nysten
- Bio and
Soft Matter, Institute
of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1 L7.04.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Karine Glinel
- Bio and
Soft Matter, Institute
of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1 L7.04.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Sophie Demoustier-Champagne
- Bio and
Soft Matter, Institute
of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1 L7.04.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Alain M. Jonas
- Bio and
Soft Matter, Institute
of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1 L7.04.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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20
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Dirani A, Fernandes AE, Wong DR, Lipnik P, Poleunis C, Nysten B, Glinel K, Jonas AM. Layers over layer-by-layer assemblies: silanization of polyelectrolyte multilayers. Langmuir 2014; 30:10057-10065. [PMID: 25101979 DOI: 10.1021/la502729z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The functionalization of poly(allylamine hydrochloride)/poly(acrylic acid) (PAH/PAA) polyelectrolyte multilayers by silanes reacted from the gas phase is studied depending on reaction time and temperature, pH of multilayer assembly, and nature of the reacting silane group. Whereas monochlorosilanes only diffuse in the multilayer and graft in limited amount, trichloro- and triethoxysilanes form rapidly a continuous gel layer on the surface of the multilayer, with a thickness of ca. 10-20 nm. The reactivity is lower in the strongly paired regime of the multilayers (neutral assembly conditions) but otherwise is not affected by the pH of multilayer assembly. Silanization considerably broadens the range of possible functionalities for (PAH/PAA) multilayers: hydrophobicity, surface-initiated polymerization, and grafting of fluorescent probes by the formation of disulfide bridges are demonstrated. Conversely, our results also broaden the range of substrates that can be functionalized by silanes, using (PAH/PAA) multilayers as ubiquitous anchoring layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Dirani
- Bio & Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain , Croix du Sud 1 L7.04.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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21
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Kassa HG, Nougaret L, Cai R, Marrani A, Nysten B, Hu Z, Jonas AM. The Ferro- to Paraelectric Curie Transition of a Strongly Confined Ferroelectric Polymer. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma500969m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hailu G. Kassa
- Bio & Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1/L7.04.02, B1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Laurianne Nougaret
- Bio & Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1/L7.04.02, B1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Ronggang Cai
- Bio & Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1/L7.04.02, B1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Alessio Marrani
- Research
and Development Center, Solvay Specialty Polymers Italy S.P.A., Viale Lombardia, No. 20, 20021 Bollate (Milano), Italy
| | - Bernard Nysten
- Bio & Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1/L7.04.02, B1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Zhijun Hu
- Center
for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Alain M. Jonas
- Bio & Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1/L7.04.02, B1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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22
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Tabasum MR, Zighem F, De La Torre Medina J, Encinas A, Piraux L, Nysten B. Magnetic force microscopy investigation of arrays of nickel nanowires and nanotubes. Nanotechnology 2014; 25:245707. [PMID: 24870297 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/24/245707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The magnetic properties of arrays of nanowires (NWs) and nanotubes (NTs), 150 nm in diameter, electrodeposited inside nanoporous polycarbonate membranes are investigated. The comparison of the nanoscopic magnetic force microscopy (MFM) imaging and the macroscopic behavior as measured by alternating gradient force magnetometry (AGFM) is made. It is shown that MFM is a complementary technique that provides an understanding of the magnetization reversal characteristics at the microscopic scale of individual nanostructures. The local hysteresis loops have been extracted by MFM measurements. The influence of the shape of such elongated nanostructures on the dipolar coupling and consequently on the squareness of the hysteresis curves is demonstrated. It is shown that the nanowires exhibit stronger magnetic interactions than nanotubes. The non-uniformity of the magnetization states is also revealed by combining the MFM and AGFM measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Tabasum
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences-Bio and Soft Matter, Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium
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23
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Nougaret L, Kassa HG, Cai R, Patois T, Nysten B, van Breemen AJJM, Gelinck GH, de Leeuw DM, Marrani A, Hu Z, Jonas AM. Nanoscale design of multifunctional organic layers for low-power high-density memory devices. ACS Nano 2014; 8:3498-3505. [PMID: 24649881 DOI: 10.1021/nn406503g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the design of a multifunctional organic layer by the rational combination of nanosized regions of two functional polymers. Instead of relying on a spontaneous and random phase separation process or on the tedious synthesis of block copolymers, the method involves the nanomolding of a first component, followed by the filling of the resulting open spaces by a second component. We apply this methodology to fabricate organic nonvolatile memory diodes of high density. These are built by first creating a regular array of ferroelectric nanodots by nanoimprint lithography, followed by the filling of the trenches separating the ferroelectric nanodots with a semiconducting polymer. The modulation of the current in the semiconductor by the polarization state of the ferroelectric material is demonstrated both at the scale of a single semiconductor channel and in a microscopic device measuring about 80,000 channels in parallel, for voltages below ca. 2 V. The fabrication process, which combines synergetically orthogonal functional properties with a fine control over their spatial distribution, is thus demonstrated to be efficient over large areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurianne Nougaret
- Bio & Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain , Croix du Sud 1/L7.04.02, Louvain-la-Neuve 1348, Belgium
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24
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Ragelle H, Riva R, Vandermeulen G, Naeye B, Pourcelle V, Le Duff CS, D'Haese C, Nysten B, Braeckmans K, De Smedt SC, Jérôme C, Préat V. Chitosan nanoparticles for siRNA delivery: optimizing formulation to increase stability and efficiency. J Control Release 2013; 176:54-63. [PMID: 24389132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aims at developing chitosan-based nanoparticles suitable for an intravenous administration of small interfering RNA (siRNA) able to achieve (i) high gene silencing without cytotoxicity and (ii) stability in biological media including blood. Therefore, the influence of chitosan/tripolyphosphate ratio, chitosan physicochemical properties, PEGylation of chitosan as well as the addition of an endosomal disrupting agent and a negatively charged polymer was assessed. The gene silencing activity and cytotoxicity were evaluated on B16 melanoma cells expressing luciferase. We monitored the integrity and the size behavior of siRNA nanoparticles in human plasma using fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy and single particle tracking respectively. The presence of PEGylated chitosan and poly(ethylene imine) was essential for high levels of gene silencing in vitro. Chitosan nanoparticles immediately released siRNA in plasma while the inclusion of hyaluronic acid and high amount of poly(ethylene glycol) in the formulation improved the stability of the particles. The developed formulations of PEGylated chitosan-based nanoparticles that achieve high gene silencing in vitro, low cytotoxicity and high stability in plasma could be promising for intravenous delivery of siRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ragelle
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - R Riva
- University of Liège, Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - G Vandermeulen
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - B Naeye
- Ghent University, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - V Pourcelle
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Molecules, Solids and Reactivity, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - C S Le Duff
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Molecules, Solids and Reactivity, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - C D'Haese
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Bio & Soft Matter, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - B Nysten
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Bio & Soft Matter, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - K Braeckmans
- Ghent University, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Ghent University, Center for Nano- and Biophotonics, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - S C De Smedt
- Ghent University, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - C Jérôme
- University of Liège, Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - V Préat
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
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25
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Kassa HG, Cai R, Marrani A, Nysten B, Hu Z, Jonas AM. Structure and Ferroelectric Properties of Nanoimprinted Poly(vinylidene fluoride-ran-trifluoroethylene). Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401745t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hailu G. Kassa
- Bio & Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1/L7.04.02, B1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Ronggang Cai
- Bio & Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1/L7.04.02, B1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Alessio Marrani
- Research and Development Center, Solvay Specialty Polymers Italy S.P.A., Viale Lombardia, no. 20, Bollate (MI) 20021, Italy
| | - Bernard Nysten
- Bio & Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1/L7.04.02, B1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Zhijun Hu
- Center for
Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Alain M. Jonas
- Bio & Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1/L7.04.02, B1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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26
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Raj G, Swalus C, Guillet A, Devillers M, Nysten B, Gaigneaux EM. Supramolecular organization in organic-inorganic heterogeneous hybrid catalysts formed from polyoxometalate and poly(ampholyte) polymer. Langmuir 2013; 29:4388-4395. [PMID: 23480273 DOI: 10.1021/la400055t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Hybridization of polyoxometalates (POMs) via the formation of an organic-inorganic association constitutes a new route to develop a heterogeneous POM catalyst with tunable functionality imparted through supramolecular assembly. Herein, we report on strategies to obtain tunable well-defined supramolecular architectures of an organic-inorganic heterogeneous hybrid catalyst formed by the association of a hydrophobically substituted polyampholyte copolymer (poly N, N-diallyl-N-hexylamine-alt-maleic acid) and phosphotungstic acid (H3PW12O40) POMs. The self-assembling property of the initial polyampholyte copolymer matrix is modulated by controlling the pH of the hybridization solution. When deposited on a mica surface, isolated, long and extended polymer chains are formed under basic conditions (pH 7.9), while globular or coiled structures are formed under acidic conditions (pH 2). The supramolecular assembly of the POM-polymer hybrid is found to be directed by the type and quantities of charges present on the polyampholyte copolymer, which themselves depend on the pH conditions. The hypothesis is that the Keggin type [PW12O40](3-) anions, which have a size of ~1 nm, electrostatically bind to the positive charge sites of the polymer backbone. The hybrid material stabilized at pH 5.3 consists of POM-decorated polymer chains. Statistical analysis of distances between pairs of POM entities show narrow density distributions, suggesting that POM entities are attached to the polymer chains with a high level of order. Conversely, under acidic conditions (pH 2), the hybrid shows the formation of a core-shell type of structure. The strategies reported here, to tune the supramolecular assembly of organic-inorganic hybrid materials, are highly valuable for the design and a more rational utilization of POM heterogeneous catalysts in several chemical transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gijo Raj
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Division Molecules, Solids and Reactivity, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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27
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Abstract
This work reports measurements of the elastic modulus of halloysite nanotubes. Nanoscale three-point bending tests were performed on individual nanotubes using an atomic force microscope. Nanotubes exhibit elastic behaviour at small deformations. The stiffness of the tubes, and hence their elastic modulus, was deduced from force curve measurements using an appropriate mechanical model. The boundary conditions were also identified by recording the stiffness profile of a tube along its suspended length. An average elastic modulus of 140 GPa is obtained for a set of tubes with outer diameters ranging between 50 and 160 nm. Moreover, the elastic modulus increases with decreasing outer diameter, with a steep jump below 50 nm. The size dependence of the elastic modulus may be attributed to: (i) surface tension effects for thinner tubes and (ii) a non-negligible contribution of shear deformations to the total deflection for larger tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lecouvet
- Bio- and Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1, box L7.04.02, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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28
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Dirani A, Laloyaux X, Fernandes AE, Mathy B, Schicke O, Riant O, Nysten B, Jonas AM. Reversible Photomodulation of the Swelling of Poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) Thermoresponsive Polymer Brushes. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma302106c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Dirani
- Bio & Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter, Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1/L7.04.02, B1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Xavier Laloyaux
- Bio & Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter, Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1/L7.04.02, B1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Antony E. Fernandes
- Bio & Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter, Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1/L7.04.02, B1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Bertrand Mathy
- Bio & Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter, Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1/L7.04.02, B1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Olivier Schicke
- Bio & Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter, Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1/L7.04.02, B1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Olivier Riant
- Bio & Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter, Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1/L7.04.02, B1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Bernard Nysten
- Bio & Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter, Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1/L7.04.02, B1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Alain M. Jonas
- Bio & Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter, Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1/L7.04.02, B1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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29
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Fernandes AE, Devillez S, d'Haese C, Deumer G, Haufroid V, Nysten B, Riant O, Jonas AM. Grafting control of mainstay terpyridine self-assembled monolayers for the preparation of planar silicon surfaces with variable catalytic loadings. Langmuir 2012; 28:14822-14828. [PMID: 23002697 DOI: 10.1021/la3025292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Monolayers of terpyridine-derivatized silanes were self-assembled, with accurately controlled grafting densities, on single-crystal silicon surfaces. Complexation of the resulting terpyridine monolayers with Pd(OAc)(2) afforded a series of catalytic surfaces covering a full range of Pd loadings (0.14-0.85 nmol.cm(-2)) in the aim to explore their impact on catalysis methodically. X-ray reflectivity (XRR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were combined to afford a precise picture of the grafting density, chemical composition, and catalyst loadings of the surfaces investigated here. We report that the control of the terpyridine density and thus the control of catalytic loadings can be achieved through a fine modification of silanization concentrations, which affords surfaces with tunable catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony E Fernandes
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud, 1/4, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Fernandes AE, Dirani A, d'Haese C, Deumer G, Guo W, Hensenne P, Nahra F, Laloyaux X, Haufroid V, Nysten B, Riant O, Jonas AM. Thicker is Better? Synthesis and Evaluation of Well-Defined Polymer Brushes with Controllable Catalytic Loadings. Chemistry 2012; 18:16226-33. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Leprince JG, Leveque P, Nysten B, Gallez B, Devaux J, Leloup G. New insight into the "depth of cure" of dimethacrylate-based dental composites. Dent Mater 2012; 28:512-20. [PMID: 22217607 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2011.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To demonstrate that determination of the depth of cure of resin-based composites needs to take into account the depth at which the transition between glassy and rubbery states of the resin matrix occurs. METHODS A commercially available nano-hybrid composite (Grandio) in a thick layer was light cured from one side for 10 or 40 s. Samples were analyzed by Vickers indentation, Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, electron paramagnetic imaging and differential scanning calorimetry to measure the evolution of the following properties with depth: microhardness, degree of conversion, elastic modulus of the resin matrix, trapped free radical concentration and glass transition temperature. These measurements were compared to the composite thickness remaining after scraping off the uncured, soft composite. RESULTS There was a progressive decrease in the degree of conversion and microhardness with depth as both properties still exhibited 80% of their upper surface values at 4 and 3.8 mm, respectively, for 10 s samples, and 5.6 and 4.8 mm, respectively, for 40 s samples. In contrast, there was a rapid decrease in elastic modulus at around 2.4 mm for the 10 s samples and 3.0 mm for the 40 s samples. A similar decrease was observed for concentrations of propagating radicals at 2 mm, but not for concentrations of allylic radicals, which decreased progressively. Whereas the upper composite layers presented a glass transition temperature - for 10 s, 55°C (±4) at 1 mm, 56.3°C (±2.3) at 2 mm; for 40 s, 62.3°C (±0.6) at 1 mm, 62°C (±1) at 2 mm, 62°C (±1.7) at 3 mm - the deeper layers did not display any glass transition. The thickness remaining after scraping off the soft composite was 7.01 (±0.07 mm) for 10 s samples and 9.48 (±0.22 mm) for 40 s samples. SIGNIFICANCE Appropriate methods show that the organic matrix of resin-based composite shifts from a glassy to a gel state at a certain depth. Hence, we propose a new definition for the "depth of cure" as the depth at which the resin matrix switches from a glassy to a rubbery state. Properties currently used to evaluate depth of cure (microhardness, degree of conversion or scraping methods) fail to detect this transition, which results in overestimation of the depth of cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian G Leprince
- School of Dentistry and Stomatology, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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Fernandes A, Hensenne P, Mathy B, Guo W, Nysten B, Jonas AM, Riant O. Increased Catalytic Activity of Surface-Immobilized Palladium Complexes in the Fluorogenic Deprotection of an Alloc-Derivatized Coumarin. Chemistry 2011; 18:788-92. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Basit H, Van der Heyden A, Gondran C, Nysten B, Dumy P, Labbé P. Tethered bilayer lipid membranes on mixed self-assembled monolayers of a novel anchoring thiol: impact of the anchoring thiol density on bilayer formation. Langmuir 2011; 27:14317-14328. [PMID: 21962085 DOI: 10.1021/la202847r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Tethered bilayer lipid membranes (tBLMs) are designed on mixed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of a novel synthetic anchoring thiol, 2,3-di-o-palmitoylglycerol-1-tetraethylene glycol mercaptopropanoic acid ester (TEG-DP), and a new short dilution thiol molecule, tetraethylene glycol mercaptopropanoic acid ester (TEG). tBLM formation was accomplished by self-directed fusion of small unilamellar vesicles of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. The influence of the dilution of the anchoring thiol molecule in the SAM on the vesicle fusion process and on the properties of the resulting tBLMs is studied. It is observed by quartz crystal microbalance that vesicle fusion is a one-step process for a pure TEG-DP SAM as well as for mixed SAMs containing a high concentration of the anchoring thiol. However, upon dilution of the anchoring thiol to moderate concentrations, this process is decelerated and possibly follows a pathway different from that observed on a pure TEG-DP SAM. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is used to qualitatively correlate the composition of the SAM to the electrical properties of the tBLM. In this paper we also delineate the necessity of a critical concentration of this anchoring TEG-DP thiol as a requisite for inducing the fusion of vesicles to form a tBLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajra Basit
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 5250, Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fajun Zhang
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gabriel G. Baralia
- Bio & Soft Matter, Institute for Condensed matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1, box L7.04.01, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Bernard Nysten
- Bio & Soft Matter, Institute for Condensed matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1, box L7.04.01, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Alain M. Jonas
- Bio & Soft Matter, Institute for Condensed matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1, box L7.04.01, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Pei X, Fernandes A, Mathy B, Laloyaux X, Nysten B, Riant O, Jonas AM. Correlation between the structure and wettability of photoswitchable hydrophilic azobenzene monolayers on silicon. Langmuir 2011; 27:9403-9412. [PMID: 21699194 DOI: 10.1021/la201526u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Photoresponsive monolayers of hydrophilically substituted azobenzenes have been prepared by reaction on aminosilane monolayers on silicon surfaces. Grafting densities in the 0.2-1.0 molecule/nm(2) range were determined by X-ray reflectometry. The monolayers exhibit reversible photoisomerization, switching from a more hydrophilic trans state to a less hydrophilic cis state upon UV irradiation, in contrast with the usual behavior of most azobenzene monolayers that switch from a less to a more hydrophilic state. This indicates that the wettability is not dominated by the change in the dipole moment of the azobenzene moiety but originates from variations in the composition of the outer surface of the monolayers resulting from the reorientation of the substituent groups. The light-driven change in the water contact angle correlates linearly with the grafting density but remains small. However, the wettability contrast can be increased by forcing the molecules to stand in an improved vertical orientation, either by densifying the underlying aminosilane monolayer or by filling the voids left at the bottom of the layer of grafted azobenzene molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Pei
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1/4, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Lakard B, Magnin D, Deschaume O, Vanlancker G, Glinel K, Demoustier-Champagne S, Nysten B, Jonas AM, Bertrand P, Yunus S. Urea potentiometric enzymatic biosensor based on charged biopolymers and electrodeposited polyaniline. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 26:4139-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2010] [Revised: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Awada H, Grignard B, Jérôme C, Vaillant A, De Coninck J, Nysten B, Jonas AM. Correlation between superhydrophobicity and the power spectral density of randomly rough surfaces. Langmuir 2010; 26:17798-17803. [PMID: 21058677 DOI: 10.1021/la104282q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We show experimentally and analytically that for single-valued, isotropic, homogeneous, randomly rough surfaces consisting of bumps randomly protruding over a continuous background, superhydrophobicity is related to the power spectral density of the surface height, which can be derived from microscopy measurements. More precisely, superhydrophobicity correlates with the third moment of the power spectral density, which is directly related to the notion of Wenzel roughness (i.e., the ratio between the real area of the surface and its projected area). In addition, we explain why randomly rough surfaces with identical root-mean-square roughness values may behave differently with respect to water repellence and why roughness components with wavelength larger than 10 μm are not likely to be of importance or, stated otherwise, why superhydrophobicity often requires a contribution from submicrometer-scale components such as nanoparticles. The analysis developed here also shows that the simple thermodynamic arguments relating superhydrophobicity to an increase in the sample area are valid for this type of surface, and we hope that it will help researchers to fabricate efficient superhydrophobic surfaces based on the rational design of their power spectral density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houssein Awada
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences-Bio & Soft Matter, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1 box 4, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Laloyaux
- Bio and Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1 box 4, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Bertrand Mathy
- Bio and Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1 box 4, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Bernard Nysten
- Bio and Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1 box 4, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Alain M. Jonas
- Bio and Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1 box 4, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Abstract
We elucidate the sequence of events occurring during the collapse transition of thermoresponsive copolymer brushes based on poly(di(ethyleneglycol) methyl ether methacrylate) chains (PMEO2MA) grown by atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The collapse of the bulk of the brush is followed by quartz crystal microbalance measurements with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D), and the collapse of its outer surface is assessed by measuring equilibrium water contact angles in the captive bubble configuration. The bulk of the brush collapses over a broad temperature interval (approximately 25 degrees C), and the end of this process is signaled by a sharp first-order transition of the surface of the brush. These observations support theoretical predictions regarding the occurrence of a vertical phase separation during collapse, with surface properties of thermoresponsive brushes exhibiting a sharp variation at a temperature of T(br)(surf). In contrast, the bulk properties of the brush vary smoothly, with a bulk transition T(br)(bulk) occurring on average approximately 8 degrees C below T(br)(surf) and approximately 5 degrees C below the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of free chains in solution. These observations should also be valid for planar brushes of other neutral, water-soluble thermoresponsive polymers such as poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM). We also propose a way to analyze more quantitatively the temperature dependence of the QCM-D response of thermoresponsive brushes and deliver a simple thermodynamic interpretation of equilibrium contact angles, which can be of use for other complex temperature-responsive solvophilic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Laloyaux
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Croixdu Sud 1, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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Rerat V, Pourcelle V, Devouge S, Nysten B, Marchand-Brynaert J. Surface grafting on poly(ethylene terephthalate) track-etched microporous membrane by activation with trifluorotriazine: Application to the biofunctionalization with GRGDS peptide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Tang X, Jonas AM, Nysten B, Demoustier-Champagne S, Blondeau F, Prévot PP, Pampin R, Godfroid E, Iñiguez B, Colinge JP, Raskin JP, Flandre D, Bayot V. Direct protein detection with a nano-interdigitated array gate MOSFET. Biosens Bioelectron 2009; 24:3531-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2009.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2009] [Revised: 05/08/2009] [Accepted: 05/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hu Z, Tian M, Nysten B, Jonas AM. Regular arrays of highly ordered ferroelectric polymer nanostructures for non-volatile low-voltage memories. Nat Mater 2009; 8:62-67. [PMID: 19060889 DOI: 10.1038/nmat2339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2008] [Accepted: 11/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ferroelectric nanostructures are attracting tremendous interest because they offer a promising route to novel integrated electronic devices such as non-volatile memories and probe-based mass data storage. Here, we demonstrate that high-density arrays of nanostructures of a ferroelectric polymer can be easily fabricated by a simple nano-embossing protocol, with integration densities larger than 33 Gbits inch(-2). The orientation of the polarization axis, about which the dipole moment rotates, is simultaneously aligned in plane over the whole patterned region. Internal structural defects are significantly eliminated in the nanostructures. The improved crystal orientation and quality enable well-defined uniform switching behaviour from cell to cell. Each nanocell shows a narrow and almost ideal square-shaped hysteresis curve, with low energy losses and a coercive field of approximately 10 MV m(-1), well below previously reported bulk values. These results pave the way to the fabrication of soft plastic memories compatible with all-organic electronics and low-power information technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Hu
- Unité de Physique et de Chimie des Hauts Polymères (POLY), Université catholique de Louvain, Place Croix du Sud 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Frederich N, Nysten B, Duwez AS, Muls B, Hofkens J, Jonas AM, Habib-Jiwan JL. Nanopatterned monolayers of an adsorbed chromophore. Nanotechnology 2008; 19:335303. [PMID: 21730622 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/33/335303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A simple lift-off process was developed to rapidly fabricate nanopatterned photofunctional surfaces. Dye molecules of a perylene derivative (PDID) were adsorbed irreversibly on clean silicon through the holes of an electron-beam lithographied polymer mask. The subsequent removal of the mask in a proper solvent results in PDID nanosized regions of width as small as 30 nm for stripes and of diameter as small as 120 nm for dots. Numerical analyses of atomic force microscopy and laser-scanning confocal microscopy images show that the dye molecules are confined to the regions defined by the lithographic process, with the integrated fluorescence intensity being essentially proportional to the size of the nanofeatures. This demonstrates that a simple organic lift-off process compatible with clean-room technology, and not involving any chemical step, is able to produce photofunctional nanopatterned surfaces, even though the dye is not chemically bonded to the silicon surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Frederich
- Unité de Physique et de Chimie des hauts Polymères, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. Unité de Chimie des Matériaux Organiques et Inorganiques, Université Catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Tang X, Reckinger N, Larrieu G, Dubois E, Flandre D, Raskin JP, Nysten B, Jonas AM, Bayot V. Characterization of ultrathin SOI film and application to short channel MOSFETs. Nanotechnology 2008; 19:165703. [PMID: 21825655 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/16/165703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a very dilute solution (NH(4)OH:H(2)O(2):H(2)O 1:8:64 mixture) was employed to reduce the thickness of commercially available SOI wafers down to 3 nm. The etch rate is precisely controlled at 0.11 Å s(-1) based on the self-limited etching speed of the solution. The thickness uniformity of the thin film, evaluated by spectroscopic ellipsometry and by high-resolution x-ray reflectivity, remains constant through the thinning process. Moreover, the film roughness, analyzed by atomic force microscopy, slightly improves during the thinning process. The residual stress in the thin film is much smaller than that obtained by sacrificial oxidation. Mobility, measured by means of a bridge-type Hall bar on 15 nm film, is not significantly reduced compared to the value of bulk silicon. Finally, the thinned SOI wafers were used to fabricate Schottky-barrier metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors with a gate length down to 30 nm, featuring state-of-the-art current drive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Tang
- Microelectronics Laboratory (DICE) and CERMIN, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Place du Levant 3, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Frederich N, Nysten B, Muls B, Hofkens J, Habib Jiwan JL, Jonas AM. Nano-patterned layers of a grafted coumarinic chromophore. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2008; 7:460-6. [DOI: 10.1039/b717309a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hu Z, Muls B, Gence L, Serban DA, Hofkens J, Melinte S, Nysten B, Demoustier-Champagne S, Jonas AM. High-throughput fabrication of organic nanowire devices with preferential internal alignment and improved performance. Nano Lett 2007; 7:3639-3644. [PMID: 17997585 DOI: 10.1021/nl071869j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that arrays of nanowires of conjugated polymers can be easily produced by a simple embossing protocol, compatible with very large scale integration technology. The embossing process is shown to have the supplementary virtue to increase the internal degree of order of the nanowires, significantly enhancing their performance. This is applied to the fabrication of nanowire-based devices consisting of a liquid crystalline light-emitting polymer, of a liquid crystalline semiconducting polymer, and of an amorphous conducting polymer, illustrating the versatility and wide applicability of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Hu
- Unité de Physique et de Chimie des Hauts Polymères (POLY), Research Center in Micro- and Nanoscopic Materials and Electronic Devices, CeRMiN, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Croix du Sud 1, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Buron CC, Callegari V, Nysten B, Jonas AM. Resistance of poly(ethylene oxide)-silane monolayers to the growth of polyelectrolyte multilayers. Langmuir 2007; 23:9667-73. [PMID: 17691828 DOI: 10.1021/la701055y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The ability of poly(ethylene oxide)-silane (PEO-silane) monolayers grafted onto silicon surfaces to resist the growth of polyelectrolyte multilayers under various pH conditions is assessed for different pairs of polyelectrolytes of varying molar mass. For acidic conditions (pH 3), the PEO-silane monolayers exhibit good polyelectrolyte repellency provided the polyelectrolytes bear no moieties that are able to form hydrogen bonds with the ether groups of the PEO chains. At basic pH, PEO-silane monolayers undergo substantial hydrolysis leading to the formation of negatively charged defects in the monolayers, which then play the role of adsorption sites for the polycation. Once the polycation is adsorbed, multilayer growth ensues. Because this is defect-driven growth, the multilayer is not continuous and is made of blobs or an open network of adsorbed strands. For such conditions, the molar mass of the polyelectrolyte plays a key role, with polyelectrolyte chains of larger molar mass adsorbing on a larger number of defects, resulting in stronger anchoring of the polyelectrolyte complex on the surfaces and faster subsequent growth of the multilayer. For polyelectrolytes of sufficiently low molar mass at pH 9, the growth of the multilayer can nevertheless be prevented for as much as five cycles of deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric C Buron
- Unité de Chimie et de Physique des Hauts Polymères (POLY), Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium (EU)
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Cecchet F, Duwez AS, Gabriel S, Jérôme C, Jérôme R, Glinel K, Demoustier-Champagne S, Jonas AM, Nysten B. Atomic Force Microscopy Investigation of the Morphology and the Biological Activity of Protein-Modified Surfaces for Bio- and Immunosensors. Anal Chem 2007; 79:6488-95. [PMID: 17676815 DOI: 10.1021/ac070155q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
With the purpose of developing biosensors, the reliable proof of the biological activity of two new sensor systems was obtained by atomic force microscopy (AFM) in both the imaging and the single-molecule force spectroscopy modes. Antigens or antibodies of pharmacological interest were grafted onto self-assembled monolayers of thiols on gold, and AFM imaging demonstrated that the grafting process produced homogeneous submonolayers of isolated proteins. The analysis of the morphology of the surfaces at the different functionalization steps allowed evaluating the protein grafting density and showed that the recognition of complementary species present in the surrounding solution occurred. Single-molecule force spectroscopy experiments between the sensing surfaces and AFM probes, onto which the complementary species were grafted, enabled a direct and rapid test of the biological activity of the sensors by investigating the interaction occurring at the level of one single ligand-receptor bond. Ellipsometry and surface plasmon resonance allowed further characterization of the sensor surfaces and confirmed that the biological recognition took place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cecchet
- Unité de chimie et de physique des hauts polymères and Research Center on Micro- and Nanoscopic Materials and Electronic Devices (CeRMiN), Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Jonas AM, Glinel K, Oren R, Nysten B, Huck WTS. Thermo-Responsive Polymer Brushes with Tunable Collapse Temperatures in the Physiological Range. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma070897l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alain M. Jonas
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis; Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Karine Glinel
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis; Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Ron Oren
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis; Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Bernard Nysten
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis; Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Wilhelm T. S. Huck
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis; Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
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