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Suliman S, Mieszkowska A, Folkert J, Rana N, Mohamed-Ahmed S, Fuoco T, Finne-Wistrand A, Dirscherl K, Jørgensen B, Mustafa K, Gurzawska-Comis K. Immune-instructive copolymer scaffolds using plant-derived nanoparticles to promote bone regeneration. Inflamm Regen 2022; 42:12. [PMID: 35366945 PMCID: PMC8977008 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-022-00196-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Age-driven immune signals cause a state of chronic low-grade inflammation and in consequence affect bone healing and cause challenges for clinicians when repairing critical-sized bone defects in elderly patients.
Methods
Poly(l-lactide-co-ɛ-caprolactone) (PLCA) scaffolds are functionalized with plant-derived nanoparticles from potato, rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I), to investigate their ability to modulate inflammation in vitro in neutrophils and macrophages at gene and protein levels. The scaffolds’ early and late host response at gene, protein and histological levels is tested in vivo in a subcutaneous rat model and their potential to promote bone regeneration in an aged rodent was tested in a critical-sized calvaria bone defect. Significant differences were tested using one-way ANOVA, followed by a multiple-comparison Tukey’s test with a p value ≤ 0.05 considered significant.
Results
Gene expressions revealed PLCA scaffold functionalized with plant-derived RG-I with a relatively higher amount of galactose than arabinose (potato dearabinated (PA)) to reduce the inflammatory state stimulated by bacterial LPS in neutrophils and macrophages in vitro. LPS-stimulated neutrophils show a significantly decreased intracellular accumulation of galectin-3 in the presence of PA functionalization compared to Control (unmodified PLCA scaffolds). The in vivo gene and protein expressions revealed comparable results to in vitro. The host response is modulated towards anti-inflammatory/ healing at early and late time points at gene and protein levels. A reduced foreign body reaction and fibrous capsule formation is observed when PLCA scaffolds functionalized with PA were implanted in vivo subcutaneously. PLCA scaffolds functionalized with PA modulated the cytokine and chemokine expressions in vivo during early and late inflammatory phases. PLCA scaffolds functionalized with PA implanted in calvaria defects of aged rats downregulating pro-inflammatory gene markers while promoting osteogenic markers after 2 weeks in vivo.
Conclusion
We have shown that PLCA scaffolds functionalized with plant-derived RG-I with a relatively higher amount of galactose play a role in the modulation of inflammatory responses both in vitro and in vivo subcutaneously and promote the initiation of bone formation in a critical-sized bone defect of an aged rodent. Our study addresses the increasing demand in bone tissue engineering for immunomodulatory 3D scaffolds that promote osteogenesis and modulate immune responses.
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Hara K, Hellem E, Yamada S, Sariibrahimoglu K, Mølster A, Gjerdet NR, Hellem S, Mustafa K, Yassin MA. Efficacy of treating segmental bone defects through endochondral ossification: 3D printed designs and bone metabolic activities. Mater Today Bio 2022; 14:100237. [PMID: 35280332 PMCID: PMC8914554 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Xing Z, Jiang X, Si Q, Finne-Wistrand A, Liu B, Xue Y, Mustafa K. Endochondral Ossification Induced by Cell Transplantation of Endothelial Cells and Bone Marrow Stromal Cells with Copolymer Scaffold Using a Rat Calvarial Defect Model. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13091521. [PMID: 34065081 PMCID: PMC8125936 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been recently reported that, in a rat calvarial defect model, adding endothelial cells (ECs) to a culture of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) significantly enhanced bone formation. The aim of this study is to further investigate the ossification process of newly formed osteoid and host response to the poly(L-lactide-co-1,5-dioxepan-2-one) [poly(LLA-co-DXO)] scaffolds based on previous research. Several different histological methods and a PCR Array were applied to evaluate newly formed osteoid after 8 weeks after implantation. Histological results showed osteoid formed in rat calvarial defects and endochondral ossification-related genes, such as dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1 (Dmp1) and collagen type II, and alpha 1 (Col2a1) exhibited greater expression in the CO (implantation with BMSC/EC/Scaffold constructs) than the BMSC group (implantation with BMSC/Scaffold constructs) as demonstrated by PCR Array. It was important to notice that cartilage-like tissue formed in the pores of the copolymer scaffolds. In addition, multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs) were observed surrounding the scaffold fragments. It was concluded that the mechanism of ossification might be an endochondral ossification process when the copolymer scaffolds loaded with co-cultured ECs/BMSCs were implanted into rat calvarial defects. MNGCs were induced by the poly(LLA-co-DXO) scaffolds after implantation, and more specific in vivo studies are needed to gain a better understanding of host response to copolymer scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Xing
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.X.); (X.J.); (Q.S.)
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway;
| | - Xiaofeng Jiang
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.X.); (X.J.); (Q.S.)
| | - Qingzong Si
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.X.); (X.J.); (Q.S.)
| | - Anna Finne-Wistrand
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE 100-44 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.X.); (X.J.); (Q.S.)
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (Y.X.); Tel.: +86-9318915051 (B.L.); +47-55586519 (Y.X.)
| | - Ying Xue
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway;
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (Y.X.); Tel.: +86-9318915051 (B.L.); +47-55586519 (Y.X.)
| | - Kamal Mustafa
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway;
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Mohamed-Ahmed S, Yassin MA, Rashad A, Espedal H, Idris SB, Finne-Wistrand A, Mustafa K, Vindenes H, Fristad I. Comparison of bone regenerative capacity of donor-matched human adipose-derived and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 383:1061-1075. [PMID: 33242173 PMCID: PMC7960590 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03315-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) have been used as an alternative to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) for bone tissue engineering. However, the efficacy of ASC in bone regeneration in comparison with BMSC remains debatable, since inconsistent results have been reported. Comparing ASC with BMSC obtained from different individuals might contribute to this inconsistency in results. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the bone regenerative capacity of donor-matched human ASC and BMSC seeded onto poly(l-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) scaffolds using calvarial bone defects in nude rats. First, donor-matched ASC and BMSC were seeded onto the co-polymer scaffolds to evaluate their in vitro osteogenic differentiation. Seeded scaffolds and scaffolds without cells (control) were then implanted in calvarial defects in nude rats. The expression of osteogenesis-related genes was examined after 4 weeks. Cellular activity was investigated after 4 and 12 weeks. Bone formation was evaluated radiographically and histologically after 4, 12, and 24 weeks. In vitro, ASC and BMSC demonstrated mineralization. However, BMSC showed higher alkaline phosphatase activity than ASC. In vivo, human osteogenesis–related genes Runx2 and collagen type I were expressed in defects with scaffold/cells. Defects with scaffold/BMSC had higher cellular activity than defects with scaffold/ASC. Moreover, bone formation in defects with scaffold/BMSC was greater than in defects with scaffold/ASC, especially at the early time-point. These results suggest that although ASC have the potential to regenerate bone, the rate of bone regeneration with ASC may be slower than with BMSC. Accordingly, BMSC are more suitable for bone regenerative applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samih Mohamed-Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Mohammed A Yassin
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ahmad Rashad
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Heidi Espedal
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Shaza B Idris
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anna Finne-Wistrand
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kamal Mustafa
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hallvard Vindenes
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department for Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, National Fire Damage Center, Bergen, Norway
| | - Inge Fristad
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Xing Z, Cai J, Sun Y, Cao M, Li Y, Xue Y, Finne-Wistrand A, Kamal M. Altered Surface Hydrophilicity on Copolymer Scaffolds Stimulate the Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12071453. [PMID: 32610488 PMCID: PMC7407625 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have suggested that both poly(l-lactide-co-1,5-dioxepan-2-one) (or poly(LLA-co-DXO)) and poly(l-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (or poly(LLA-co-CL)) porous scaffolds are good candidates for use as biodegradable scaffold materials in the field of tissue engineering; meanwhile, their surface properties, such as hydrophilicity, need to be further improved. METHODS We applied several different concentrations of the surfactant Tween 80 to tune the hydrophilicity of both materials. Moreover, the modification was applied not only in the form of solid scaffold as a film but also a porous scaffold. To investigate the potential application for tissue engineering, human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were chosen to test the effect of hydrophilicity on cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. First, the cellular cytotoxicity of the extracted medium from modified scaffolds was investigated on HaCaT cells. Then, hMSCs were seeded on the scaffolds or films to evaluate cell attachment, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation. The results indicated a significant increasing of wettability with the addition of Tween 80, and the hMSCs showed delayed attachment and spreading. PCR results indicated that the differentiation of hMSCs was stimulated, and several osteogenesis related genes were up-regulated in the 3% Tween 80 group. Poly(LLA-co-CL) with 3% Tween 80 showed an increased messenger Ribonucleic acid (mRNA) level of late-stage markers such as osteocalcin (OC) and key transcription factor as runt related gene 2 (Runx2). CONCLUSION A high hydrophilic scaffold may speed up the osteogenic differentiation for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Xing
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.X.); (J.C.); (M.C.)
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway;
| | - Jiazheng Cai
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.X.); (J.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden; (Y.S.); (A.F.-W.)
| | - Mengnan Cao
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.X.); (J.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Yi Li
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.X.); (J.C.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (Y.X.)
| | - Ying Xue
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway;
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (Y.X.)
| | - Anna Finne-Wistrand
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden; (Y.S.); (A.F.-W.)
| | - Mustafa Kamal
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway;
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Jain S, Fuoco T, Yassin MA, Mustafa K, Finne-Wistrand A. Printability and Critical Insight into Polymer Properties during Direct-Extrusion Based 3D Printing of Medical Grade Polylactide and Copolyesters. Biomacromolecules 2019; 21:388-396. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Jain
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen, 56-58, SE 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tiziana Fuoco
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen, 56-58, SE 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohammed A. Yassin
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway, Årstadveien 19, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Kamal Mustafa
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway, Årstadveien 19, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Anna Finne-Wistrand
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen, 56-58, SE 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
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Oh SE, Hu KS, Kim S. Eight-week healing of grafted calvarial bone defects with hyperbaric oxygen therapy in rats. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2019; 49:228-236. [PMID: 31485373 PMCID: PMC6713809 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2019.49.4.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the synergistic effect of adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy on new bone formation and angiogenesis after 8 weeks of healing. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats (n=28) were split into 2 groups according to the application of adjunctive HBO therapy: a group that received HBO therapy (HBO group [n=14]) and another group that did not receive HBO therapy (NHBO group [n=14]). Each group was divided into 2 subgroups according to the type of bone graft material: a biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) subgroup and an Escherichia coli-derived recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2-/epigallocatechin-3-gallate-coated BCP (mBCP) subgroup. Two identical circular defects with a 6-mm diameter were made in the right and left parietal bones of each rat. One defect was grafted with bone graft material (BCP or mBCP). The other defect was not grafted. The HBO group received 2 weeks of adjunctive HBO therapy (1 hour, 5 times a week). The rats were euthanized 8 weeks after surgery. The specimens were prepared for histologic analysis. Results New bone (%) was higher in the NHBO-mBCP group than in the NHBO-BCP and control groups (P<0.05). Blood vessel count (%) and vascular endothelial growth factor staining (%) were higher in the HBO-mBCP group than in the NHBO-mBCP group (P<0.05). Conclusions HBO therapy did not have a positive influence on bone formation irrespective of the type of bone graft material applied after 8 weeks of healing. HBO therapy had a positive effect on angiogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Eun Oh
- Ministry of National Defense Agency for KIA Recovery & Identification, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Seok Hu
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Human Identification Research Institute, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungtae Kim
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
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Munir A, Døskeland A, Avery SJ, Fuoco T, Mohamed-Ahmed S, Lygre H, Finne-Wistrand A, Sloan AJ, Waddington RJ, Mustafa K, Suliman S. Efficacy of copolymer scaffolds delivering human demineralised dentine matrix for bone regeneration. J Tissue Eng 2019; 10:2041731419852703. [PMID: 31210921 PMCID: PMC6545639 DOI: 10.1177/2041731419852703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) scaffolds were functionalised by 10 or 20 µg/mL of human demineralised dentine matrix. Release kinetics up to 21 days and their osteogenic potential on human bone marrow stromal cells after 7 and 21 days were studied. A total of 390 proteins were identified by mass spectrometry. Bone regeneration proteins showed initial burst of release. Human bone marrow stromal cells were cultured on scaffolds physisorbed with 20 µg/mL and cultured in basal medium (DDM group) or physisorbed and cultured in osteogenic medium or cultured on non-functionalised scaffolds in osteogenic medium. The human bone marrow stromal cells proliferated less in demineralised dentine matrix group and activated ERK/1/2 after both time points. Cells on DDM group showed highest expression of IL-6 and IL-8 at 7 days and expressed higher collagen type 1 alpha 2, SPP1 and bone morphogenetic protein-2 until 21 days. Extracellular protein revealed higher collagen type 1 and bone morphogenetic protein-2 at 21 days in demineralised dentine matrix group. Cells on DDM group showed signs of mineralisation. The functionalised scaffolds were able to stimulate osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arooj Munir
- Centre for Clinical Dental Research, Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne Døskeland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Steven J Avery
- Department of Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.,Cardiff Institute for Tissue Engineering and Repair (CITER), Cardiff, UK
| | - Tiziana Fuoco
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Samih Mohamed-Ahmed
- Centre for Clinical Dental Research, Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Henning Lygre
- Centre for Clinical Dental Research, Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anna Finne-Wistrand
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alastair J Sloan
- Department of Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.,Cardiff Institute for Tissue Engineering and Repair (CITER), Cardiff, UK
| | - Rachel J Waddington
- Department of Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.,Cardiff Institute for Tissue Engineering and Repair (CITER), Cardiff, UK
| | - Kamal Mustafa
- Centre for Clinical Dental Research, Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Salwa Suliman
- Centre for Clinical Dental Research, Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Sharma S, Xue Y, Xing Z, Yassin MA, Sun Y, Lorens JB, Finne-Wistrand A, Sapkota D, Mustafa K. Adenoviral mediated mono delivery of BMP2 is superior to the combined delivery of BMP2 and VEGFA in bone regeneration in a critical-sized rat calvarial bone defect. Bone Rep 2019; 10:100205. [PMID: 31193299 PMCID: PMC6525280 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2019.100205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Apart from osteogenesis, neovascularization of the defect area is an important determinant for successful bone healing. Accordingly, several studies have employed the combined delivery of VEGFA and BMP2 for bone regeneration. Nevertheless, the outcomes of these studies are highly variable. The aim of our study was to compare the effectiveness of adenoviral mediated delivery of BMP2 alone and in combination with VEGFA in rat bone marrow stromal cells (rBMSC) seeded on a poly(LLA-co-CL) scaffold in angiogenesis and osteogenesis using a critical-sized rat calvarial defect model. Both mono delivery of BMP2 and the combined delivery of a lower ratio of VEGFA and BMP2 (1:4) led to up-regulation of osteogenic genes (Alpl and Runx2) and increased calcium deposition in vitro, compared with the GFP control. Micro computed tomography (microCT) analysis of the rat calvarial defect at 8 weeks showed that the mono delivery of BMP2 (43.37 ± 3.55% defect closure) was the most effective in healing the bone defect, followed by the combined delivery of BMP2 and VEGFA (27.86 ± 2.89%) and other controls. Histological and molecular analyses supported the microCT findings. Analysis of the angiogenesis, however, showed that both mono delivery of BMP2 and combined delivery of BMP2 and VEGFA had similar angiogenic effect in the calvarial defects. Examination of the key genes related to host response against the adenoviral vectors showed that the current model system was not associated with adverse immune response. Overall, the results show that the mono delivery of BMP2 was superior to the combined delivery of BMP2 and VEGFA in healing the critical-sized rat calvarial bone defect. These findings underscore the importance of appropriate growth factor combination for the successful outcome in bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Sharma
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ying Xue
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Zhe Xing
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mohammed A Yassin
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - James B Lorens
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anna Finne-Wistrand
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dipak Sapkota
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kamal Mustafa
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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10
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Yan S, Feng L, Zhu Q, Yang W, Lan Y, Li D, Liu Y, Xue W, Guo R, Wu G. Controlled Release of BMP-2 from a Heparin-Conjugated Strontium-Substituted Nanohydroxyapatite/Silk Fibroin Scaffold for Bone Regeneration. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:3291-3303. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shina Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Longbao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qiyu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yong Lan
- Beogene Biotech (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Dan Li
- Beogene Biotech (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Guangzhou Chuangseed Biomedical Materials Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Wei Xue
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije University Amsterdam, Gustav mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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11
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Ramani-Mohan RK, Schwedhelm I, Finne-Wistrand A, Krug M, Schwarz T, Jakob F, Walles H, Hansmann J. Deformation strain is the main physical driver for skeletal precursors to undergo osteogenesis in earlier stages of osteogenic cell maturation. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:e1474-e1479. [PMID: 28872256 DOI: 10.1002/term.2565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells play a major role during bone remodelling and are thus of high interest for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. Mechanical stimuli, that is, deformation strain and interstitial fluid-flow-induced shear stress, promote osteogenic lineage commitment. However, the predominant physical stimulus that drives early osteogenic cell maturation is not clearly identified. The evaluation of each stimulus is challenging, as deformation and fluid-flow-induced shear stress interdepend. In this study, we developed a bioreactor that was used to culture mesenchymal stem cells harbouring a strain-responsive AP-1 luciferase reporter construct, on porous scaffolds. In addition to the reporter, mineralization and vitality of the cells was investigated by alizarin red staining and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide. Quantification of the expression of genes associated to bone regeneration and bone remodelling was used to confirm alizarin red measurements. Controlled perfusion and deformation of the 3-dimensional scaffold facilitated the alteration of the expression of osteogenic markers, luciferase activity, and calcification. To isolate the specific impact of scaffold deformation, a computational model was developed to derive a perfusion flow profile that results in dynamic shear stress conditions present in periodically loaded scaffolds. In comparison to actually deformed scaffolds, a lower expression of all measured readout parameters indicated that deformation strain is the predominant stimulus for skeletal precursors to undergo osteogenesis in earlier stages of osteogenic cell maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram-Kumar Ramani-Mohan
- Translational Center Würzburg "Regenerative Therapies for Oncology and Musculosceletal Diseases", Branch of Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ivo Schwedhelm
- Department Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anna Finne-Wistrand
- Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Melanie Krug
- Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Orthopedic Department, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Schwarz
- Translational Center Würzburg "Regenerative Therapies for Oncology and Musculosceletal Diseases", Branch of Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Franz Jakob
- Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Orthopedic Department, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heike Walles
- Translational Center Würzburg "Regenerative Therapies for Oncology and Musculosceletal Diseases", Branch of Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Würzburg, Germany.,Department Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jan Hansmann
- Translational Center Würzburg "Regenerative Therapies for Oncology and Musculosceletal Diseases", Branch of Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Würzburg, Germany.,Department Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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12
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Yassin MA, Leknes KN, Sun Y, Lie SA, Finne-Wistrand A, Mustafa K. Surfactant tuning of hydrophilicity of porous degradable copolymer scaffolds promotes cellular proliferation and enhances bone formation. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:2049-59. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A. Yassin
- Department of Clinical Dentistry; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
| | - Knut N. Leknes
- Department of Clinical Dentistry; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Clinical Dentistry; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology; Royal Institute of Technology (KTH); Stockholm Sweden
| | - Stein A. Lie
- Department of Clinical Dentistry; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
| | - Anna Finne-Wistrand
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology; Royal Institute of Technology (KTH); Stockholm Sweden
| | - Kamal Mustafa
- Department of Clinical Dentistry; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
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13
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Suliman S, Mustafa K, Krueger A, Steinmüller-Nethl D, Finne-Wistrand A, Osdal T, Hamza AO, Sun Y, Parajuli H, Waag T, Nickel J, Johannessen AC, McCormack E, Costea DE. Nanodiamond modified copolymer scaffolds affects tumour progression of early neoplastic oral keratinocytes. Biomaterials 2016; 95:11-21. [PMID: 27108402 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the tumorigenic potential of functionalising poly(LLA-co-CL) scaffolds. The copolymer scaffolds were functionalised with nanodiamonds (nDP) or with nDP and physisorbed BMP-2 (nDP-PHY) to enhance osteoinductivity. Culturing early neoplastic dysplastic keratinocytes (DOK(Luc)) on nDP modified scaffolds reduced significantly their subsequent sphere formation ability and decreased significantly the cells' proliferation in the supra-basal layers of in vitro 3D oral neoplastic mucosa (3D-OT) when compared to DOK(Luc) previously cultured on nDP-PHY scaffolds. Using an in vivo non-invasive environmentally-induced oral carcinogenesis model, nDP scaffolds were observed to reduce bioluminescence intensity of tumours formed by DOK(Luc) + carcinoma associated fibroblasts (CAF). nDP modification was also found to promote differentiation of DOK(Luc) both in vitro in 3D-OT and in vivo in xenografts formed by DOK(Luc) alone. The nDP-PHY scaffold had the highest number of invasive tumours formed by DOK(Luc) + CAF outside the scaffold area compared to the nDP and control scaffolds. In conclusion, in vitro and in vivo results presented here demonstrate that nDP modified copolymer scaffolds are able to decrease the tumorigenic potential of DOK(Luc), while confirming concerns for the therapeutic use of BMP-2 for reconstruction of bone defects in oral cancer patients due to its tumour promoting capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwa Suliman
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Center for Clinical Dental Research, University of Bergen, Norway; Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Center for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Kamal Mustafa
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Center for Clinical Dental Research, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Anke Krueger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Anna Finne-Wistrand
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tereza Osdal
- Department of Clinical Science, Hematology Section, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Amani O Hamza
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Center for Clinical Dental Research, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Himalaya Parajuli
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Center for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Thilo Waag
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Nickel
- Chair Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Translational Center 'Regenerative Therapies for Oncology and Musculoskeletal Diseases'- Würzburg Branch, Germany
| | - Anne Christine Johannessen
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Emmet McCormack
- Department of Clinical Science, Hematology Section, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Medicine, Haematology Section, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Daniela Elena Costea
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Center for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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14
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Fuoco T, Finne-Wistrand A, Pappalardo D. A Route to Aliphatic Poly(ester)s with Thiol Pendant Groups: From Monomer Design to Editable Porous Scaffolds. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:1383-94. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Fuoco
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department
of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Anna Finne-Wistrand
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniela Pappalardo
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department
of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, via dei Mulini
59/A, 82100 Benevento, Italy
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15
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Suliman S, Sun Y, Pedersen TO, Xue Y, Nickel J, Waag T, Finne‐Wistrand A, Steinmüller‐Nethl D, Krueger A, Costea DE, Mustafa K. In Vivo Host Response and Degradation of Copolymer Scaffolds Functionalized with Nanodiamonds and Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:730-42. [PMID: 26853449 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim is to evaluate the effect of modifying poly[(l-lactide)-co-(ε-caprolactone)] scaffolds (PLCL) with nanodiamonds (nDP) or with nDP+physisorbed BMP-2 (nDP+BMP-2) on in vivo host tissue response and degradation. The scaffolds are implanted subcutaneously in Balb/c mice and retrieved after 1, 8, and 27 weeks. Molecular weight analysis shows that modified scaffolds degrade faster than the unmodified. Gene analysis at week 1 shows highest expression of proinflammatory markers around nDP scaffolds; although the presence of inflammatory cells and foreign body giant cells is more prominent around the PLCL. Tissue regeneration markers are highly expressed in the nDP+BMP-2 scaffolds at week 8. A fibrous capsule is detectable by week 8, thinnest around nDP scaffolds and at week 27 thickest around PLCL scaffolds. mRNA levels of ALP, COL1α2, and ANGPT1 are significantly upregulating in the nDP+BMP-2 scaffolds at week 1 with ectopic bone seen at week 8. Even when almost 90% of the scaffold is degraded at week 27, nDP are observable at implantation areas without adverse effects. In conclusion, modifying PLCL scaffolds with nDP does not aggravate the host response and physisorbed BMP-2 delivery attenuates inflammation while lowering the dose of BMP-2 to a relatively safe and economical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwa Suliman
- Department of Clinical Dentistry Center for Clinical Dental Research University of Bergen 5009 Bergen Norway
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology Department of Clinical Medicine University of Bergen 5020 Bergen Norway
- Center for International Health Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care University of Bergen 5009 Bergen Norway
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology KTH Royal Institute of Technology 10044 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Torbjorn O. Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Dentistry Center for Clinical Dental Research University of Bergen 5009 Bergen Norway
| | - Ying Xue
- Department of Clinical Dentistry Center for Clinical Dental Research University of Bergen 5009 Bergen Norway
| | - Joachim Nickel
- Chair Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine University Hospital of Würzburg 97070 Würzburg Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Translational Center “Regenerative Therapies for Oncology and Musculoskeletal Diseases”‐ Würzburg branch D‐97070 Würzburg Germany
| | - Thilo Waag
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Würzburg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Anna Finne‐Wistrand
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology KTH Royal Institute of Technology 10044 Stockholm Sweden
| | | | - Anke Krueger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Würzburg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Daniela E. Costea
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology Department of Clinical Medicine University of Bergen 5020 Bergen Norway
- Center for International Health Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care University of Bergen 5009 Bergen Norway
- Department of Pathology Hauekeland University Hospital 5020 Bergen Norway
| | - Kamal Mustafa
- Department of Clinical Dentistry Center for Clinical Dental Research University of Bergen 5009 Bergen Norway
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16
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Bartaula-Brevik S, Pedersen TO, Finne-Wistrand A, Bolstad AI, Mustafa K. Angiogenic and Immunomodulatory Properties of Endothelial and Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2016; 22:244-52. [PMID: 26650611 PMCID: PMC4779276 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2015.0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that the effect of implanted cells on the local environment is important when selecting the appropriate cell type for tissue regeneration. Our aim was to compare the local tissue response to implanted human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (EC). MSC and EC were cultured in poly(L-lactide-co-1,5-dioxepan-2-one) scaffolds for 1 week in a bioreactor system, after which they were implanted subcutaneously in NOD/SCID mice. After 3 weeks, scaffolds were retrieved, and the mRNA expression of selected genes involved in hypoxia and inflammation was examined by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and correlated with immunofluorescent staining for corresponding proteins. The Toll-like receptor signaling pathway was examined by superarray hybridization. The expression of 53 angiogenesis-related proteins was investigated by a proteome profiler angiogenesis antibody array kit. Vascularization was quantified using immunohistochemistry for CD31. The expression of hypoxia-inducible factors and biomarkers for angiogenesis was more strongly upregulated in response to implanted EC than to MSC, suggesting a higher sensitivity to low oxygen tension among EC. Hypoxic signaling was increased after implantation of EC compared with MSC, leading to a prolonged acute inflammatory phase that promoted ingrowth of vascular cells and establishment of the circulation. Inflammatory cytokines were also differently expressed at the gene and protein levels in the two experimental groups, resulting in altered recruitment of acute and chronic inflammatory cells. The end result of these differences was increased vessel formation within the constructs in the EC group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Finne-Wistrand
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Kamal Mustafa
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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17
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Sharma S, Sapkota D, Xue Y, Sun Y, Finne-Wistrand A, Bruland O, Mustafa K. Adenoviral Mediated Expression of BMP2 by Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Cultured in 3D Copolymer Scaffolds Enhances Bone Formation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147507. [PMID: 26808122 PMCID: PMC4725849 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Selection of appropriate osteoinductive growth factors, suitable delivery method and proper supportive scaffold are critical for a successful outcome in bone tissue engineering using bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC). This study examined the molecular and functional effect of a combination of adenoviral mediated expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) in BMSC and recently developed and characterized, biodegradable Poly(L-lactide-co-є-caprolactone){poly(LLA-co-CL)}scaffolds in osteogenic molecular changes and ectopic bone formation by using in vitro and in vivo approaches. Pathway-focused custom PCR array, validation using TaqMan based quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and ALP staining showed significant up-regulation of several osteogenic and angiogenic molecules, including ALPL and RUNX2 in ad-BMP2 BMSC group grown in poly(LLA-co-CL) scaffolds both at 3 and 14 days. Micro CT and histological analyses of the subcutaneously implanted scaffolds in NOD/SCID mice revealed significantly increased radiopaque areas, percentage bone volume and formation of vital bone in ad-BMP2 scaffolds as compared to the control groups both at 2 and 8 weeks. The increased bone formation in the ad-BMP2 group in vivo was paralleled at the molecular level with concomitant over-expression of a number of osteogenic and angiogenic genes including ALPL, RUNX2, SPP1, ANGPT1. The increased bone formation in ad-BMP2 explants was not found to be associated with enhanced endochondral activity as evidenced by qRT-PCR (SOX9 and FGF2) and Safranin O staining. Taken together, combination of adenoviral mediated BMP-2 expression in BMSC grown in the newly developed poly(LLA-co-CL) scaffolds induced expression of osteogenic markers and enhanced bone formation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Sharma
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Dipak Sapkota
- The Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ying Xue
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Finne-Wistrand
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ove Bruland
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kamal Mustafa
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- * E-mail:
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18
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Yassin MA, Leknes KN, Pedersen TO, Xing Z, Sun Y, Lie SA, Finne-Wistrand A, Mustafa K. Cell seeding density is a critical determinant for copolymer scaffolds-induced bone regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 103:3649-58. [PMID: 26013960 PMCID: PMC4744655 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Constructs intended for bone tissue engineering (TE) are influenced by the initial cell seeding density. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs) density loaded onto copolymer scaffolds on bone regeneration. BMSCs were harvested from rat's bone marrow and cultured in media with or without osteogenic supplements. Cells were seeded onto poly(l‐lactide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) [poly(LLA‐co‐CL)] scaffolds at two different densities: low density (1 × 106 cells/scaffold) or high density (2 × 106 cells/scaffold) using spinner modified flasks and examined after 1 and 3 weeks. Initial attachment and spread of BMSC onto the scaffolds was recorded by scanning electron microscopy. Cell proliferation was assessed by DNA quantification and cell differentiation by quantitative real‐time reverse transcriptase‐polymerized chain reaction analysis (qRT‐PCR). Five‐millimeter rat calvarial defects (24 defects in 12 rats) were implanted with scaffolds seeded with either low or high density expanded with or without osteogenic supplements. Osteogenic supplements significantly increased cell proliferation (p < 0.001). Scaffolds seeded at high cell density exhibited higher mRNA expressions of Runx2 p = 0.001, Col1 p = 0.001, BMP2 p < 0.001, BSP p < 0.001, and OC p = 0.013. More bone was formed in response to high cell seeding density (p = 0.023) and high seeding density with osteogenic medium (p = 0.038). Poly (LLA‐co‐CL) scaffolds could be appropriate candidates for bone TE. The optimal number of cells to be loaded onto scaffolds is critical for promoting Extracellular matrix synthesis and bone formation. Cell seeding density and osteogenic supplements may have a synergistic effect on the induction of new bone. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 3649–3658, 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Yassin
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Clinical Dentistry, Center for Clinical Dental Research, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19, N-5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Knut N Leknes
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Clinical Dentistry, Center for Clinical Dental Research, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19, N-5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Torbjorn O Pedersen
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Clinical Dentistry, Center for Clinical Dental Research, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19, N-5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Zhe Xing
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Clinical Dentistry, Center for Clinical Dental Research, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19, N-5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 42, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stein A Lie
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Clinical Dentistry, Center for Clinical Dental Research, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19, N-5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anna Finne-Wistrand
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 42, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kamal Mustafa
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Clinical Dentistry, Center for Clinical Dental Research, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19, N-5009, Bergen, Norway
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19
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Suliman S, Parajuli H, Sun Y, Johannessen AC, Finne-Wistrand A, McCormack E, Mustafa K, Costea DE. Establishment of a bioluminescence model for microenvironmentally induced oral carcinogenesis with implications for screening bioengineered scaffolds. Head Neck 2015; 38 Suppl 1:E1177-87. [PMID: 26275210 PMCID: PMC5042037 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microenvironmental cues play a major role in head and neck cancer. Biodegradable scaffolds used for bone regeneration might also act as stimulative cues for head and neck cancer. The purpose of this study was to establish an experimental model for precise and noninvasive evaluation of tumorigenic potential of microenvironmental cues in head and neck cancer. Methods Bioluminescence was chosen to image tumor formation. Early neoplastic oral keratinocyte (DOK) cells were luciferase‐transduced (DOKLuc), then tested in nonobese diabetic severe combined immunodeficient IL2rγnull mice either orthotopically (tongue) or subcutaneously for their potential as “screening sensors” for diverse microenvironmental cues. Results Tumors formed after inoculation of DOKLuc were monitored easier by bioluminescence, and bioluminescence was more sensitive in detecting differences between various microenvironmental cues when compared to manual measurements. Development of tumors from DOKLuc grown on scaffolds was also successfully monitored noninvasively by bioluminescence. Conclusion The model presented here is a noninvasive and sensitive model for monitoring the impact of various microenvironmental cues on head and neck cancer in vivo. © 2015 The Authors Head & Neck Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck38: E1177–E1187, 2016
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwa Suliman
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Centre for Clinical Dental Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Himalaya Parajuli
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne Christine Johannessen
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anna Finne-Wistrand
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emmet McCormack
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Medicine, Haematology Section, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kamal Mustafa
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Centre for Clinical Dental Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Daniela Elena Costea
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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20
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Kleinhans C, Mohan RR, Vacun G, Schwarz T, Haller B, Sun Y, Kahlig A, Kluger P, Finne-Wistrand A, Walles H, Hansmann J. A perfusion bioreactor system efficiently generates cell-loaded bone substitute materials for addressing critical size bone defects. Biotechnol J 2015; 10:1727-38. [PMID: 26011163 PMCID: PMC4744951 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Critical size bone defects and non‐union fractions are still challenging to treat. Cell‐loaded bone substitutes have shown improved bone ingrowth and bone formation. However, a lack of methods for homogenously colonizing scaffolds limits the maximum volume of bone grafts. Additionally, therapy robustness is impaired by heterogeneous cell populations after graft generation. Our aim was to establish a technology for generating grafts with a size of 10.5 mm in diameter and 25 mm of height, and thus for grafts suited for treatment of critical size bone defects. Therefore, a novel tailor‐made bioreactor system was developed, allowing standardized flow conditions in a porous poly(L‐lactide‐co‐caprolactone) material. Scaffolds were seeded with primary human mesenchymal stem cells derived from four different donors. In contrast to static experimental conditions, homogenous cell distributions were accomplished under dynamic culture. Additionally, culture in the bioreactor system allowed the induction of osteogenic lineage commitment after one week of culture without addition of soluble factors. This was demonstrated by quantitative analysis of calcification and gene expression markers related to osteogenic lineage. In conclusion, the novel bioreactor technology allows efficient and standardized conditions for generating bone substitutes that are suitable for the treatment of critical size defects in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Kleinhans
- Institute for Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,Department of Orthopedics, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ramkumar Ramani Mohan
- Chair Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, Stuttgart, Germany Department
| | - Gabriele Vacun
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, Stuttgart, Germany Department
| | - Thomas Schwarz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, Stuttgart, Germany Department
| | | | - Yang Sun
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander Kahlig
- Institute for Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Petra Kluger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, Stuttgart, Germany Department
| | - Anna Finne-Wistrand
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Heike Walles
- Chair Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, Stuttgart, Germany Department
| | - Jan Hansmann
- Chair Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany. .,Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, Stuttgart, Germany Department.
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21
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Bartaula-Brevik S, Pedersen TO, Blois AL, Papadakou P, Finne-Wistrand A, Xue Y, Bolstad AI, Mustafa K. Leukocyte transmigration into tissue-engineered constructs is influenced by endothelial cells through Toll-like receptor signaling. Stem Cell Res Ther 2014; 5:143. [PMID: 25528303 PMCID: PMC4445275 DOI: 10.1186/scrt533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammation plays a crucial role in tissue regeneration, wound healing, and the success of tissue-engineered constructs. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (ECs) on leukocyte transmigration when co-cultured with primary human bone marrow-derived multipotent stromal cells (MSCs). METHODS MSCs with and without ECs were cultured in poly (L-lactide-co-1, 5-dioxepan-2-one) (poly (LLA-co-DXO)) scaffolds for 1 week in vitro in a bioreactor system, after which they were implanted subcutaneously in non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice. After 1 and 3 weeks, scaffolds were retrieved, and the mRNA expression of interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-10, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α), HIF-1β, and mammalian target of rapamycin was examined by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, immunofluorescent staining was performed for IL-1β, IL-6, neutrophils, and CD11b. In addition, Western blotting was done for IL-1β and IL-6. Leukocyte transmigration genes and genes in Toll-like receptor pathways, expressed by MSCs cultured in vitro with or without ECs, were further investigated with a microarray dataset. RESULTS In vitro, genes involved in leukocyte transmigration and Toll-like receptor pathways were clearly influenced by the addition of ECs. Platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) and cadherin-5 (CDH5), both genes involved in leukocyte transmigration, were expressed significantly higher in the MSC/EC group. CONCLUSIONS The recruitment of leukocytes into tissue-engineered constructs with MSCs is strongly influenced by the addition of ECs via activation of leukocyte transmigration and Toll-like receptor pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Bartaula-Brevik
- />Department of Clinical Dentistry, Center for Clinical Dental Research, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19, N-5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Torbjorn O Pedersen
- />Department of Clinical Dentistry, Center for Clinical Dental Research, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19, N-5009 Bergen, Norway
- />Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Anna L Blois
- />Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Medicine, Section for Pathology, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91B, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- />Children’s Hospital Boston, Vascular Biology Department, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA USA
| | - Panagiota Papadakou
- />Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Anna Finne-Wistrand
- />Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 42, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ying Xue
- />Department of Clinical Dentistry, Center for Clinical Dental Research, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19, N-5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne Isine Bolstad
- />Department of Clinical Dentistry - Periodontics, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Kamal Mustafa
- />Department of Clinical Dentistry, Center for Clinical Dental Research, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19, N-5009 Bergen, Norway
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Suliman S, Xing Z, Wu X, Xue Y, Pedersen TO, Sun Y, Døskeland AP, Nickel J, Waag T, Lygre H, Finne-Wistrand A, Steinmüller-Nethl D, Krueger A, Mustafa K. Release and bioactivity of bone morphogenetic protein-2 are affected by scaffold binding techniques in vitro and in vivo. J Control Release 2014; 197:148-57. [PMID: 25445698 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A low dose of 1μg rhBMP-2 was immobilised by four different functionalising techniques on recently developed poly(l-lactide)-co-(ε-caprolactone) [(poly(LLA-co-CL)] scaffolds. It was either (i) physisorbed on unmodified scaffolds [PHY], (ii) physisorbed onto scaffolds modified with nanodiamond particles [nDP-PHY], (iii) covalently linked onto nDPs that were used to modify the scaffolds [nDP-COV] or (iv) encapsulated in microspheres distributed on the scaffolds [MICS]. Release kinetics of BMP-2 from the different scaffolds was quantified using targeted mass spectrometry for up to 70days. PHY scaffolds had an initial burst of release while MICS showed a gradual and sustained increase in release. In contrast, NDP-PHY and nDP-COV scaffolds showed no significant release, although nDP-PHY scaffolds maintained bioactivity of BMP-2. Human mesenchymal stem cells cultured in vitro showed upregulated BMP-2 and osteocalcin gene expression at both week 1 and week 3 in the MICS and nDP-PHY scaffold groups. These groups also demonstrated the highest BMP-2 extracellular protein levels as assessed by ELISA, and mineralization confirmed by Alizarin red. Cells grown on the PHY scaffolds in vitro expressed collagen type 1 alpha 2 early but the scaffold could not sustain rhBMP-2 release to express mineralization. After 4weeks post-implantation using a rat mandible critical-sized defect model, micro-CT and Masson trichrome results showed accelerated bone regeneration in the PHY, nDP-PHY and MICS groups. The results demonstrate that PHY scaffolds may not be desirable for clinical use, since similar osteogenic potential was not seen under both in vitro and in vivo conditions, in contrast to nDP-PHY and MICS groups, where continuous low doses of BMP-2 induced satisfactory bone regeneration in both conditions. The nDP-PHY scaffolds used here in critical-sized bone defects for the first time appear to have promise compared to growth factors adsorbed onto a polymer alone and the short distance effect prevents adverse systemic side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwa Suliman
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Center for Clinical Dental Research, University of Bergen, Norway.
| | - Zhe Xing
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Center for Clinical Dental Research, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Xujun Wu
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ying Xue
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Center for Clinical Dental Research, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Torbjorn O Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Center for Clinical Dental Research, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, KTH, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Joachim Nickel
- Chair Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany; Fraunhofer Project Group Regenerative Technologies in Oncology, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thilo Waag
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Henning Lygre
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anna Finne-Wistrand
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, KTH, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Anke Krueger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kamal Mustafa
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Center for Clinical Dental Research, University of Bergen, Norway.
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Adjustable degradation properties and biocompatibility of amorphous and functional poly(ester-acrylate)-based materials. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:2800-7. [PMID: 24915542 DOI: 10.1021/bm500689g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Tuning the properties of materials toward a special application is crucial in the area of tissue engineering. The design of materials with predetermined degradation rates and controlled release of degradation products is therefore vital. Providing a material with various functional groups is one of the best ways to address this issue because alterations and modifications of the polymer backbone can be performed easily. Two different 2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane/glycidyl methacrylate-based (MDO/GMA) copolymers were synthesized with different feed ratios and immersed into a phosphate buffer solution at pH 7.4 and in deionized water at 37 °C for up to 133 days. After different time intervals, the molecular weight changes, mass loss, pH, and degradation products were determined. By increasing the amount of GMA functional groups in the material, the degradation rate and the amount of acidic degradation products released from the material were decreased. As a result, the composition of the copolymers greatly affected the degradation rate. A rapid release of acidic degradation products during the degradation process could be an important issue for biomedical applications because it might affect the biocompatibility of the material. The cytotoxicity of the materials was evaluated using a MTT assay. These tests indicated that none of the materials demonstrated any obvious cytotoxicity, and the materials could therefore be considered biocompatible.
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Sun Y, Xing Z, Xue Y, Mustafa K, Finne-Wistrand A, Albertsson AC. Surfactant as a Critical Factor When Tuning the Hydrophilicity in Three-Dimensional Polyester-Based Scaffolds: Impact of Hydrophilicity on Their Mechanical Properties and the Cellular Response of Human Osteoblast-Like Cells. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:1259-68. [DOI: 10.1021/bm401818e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhe Xing
- Department
of Clinical Dentistry-Center for Clinical Dental Research, Faculty
of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Ying Xue
- Department
of Clinical Dentistry-Center for Clinical Dental Research, Faculty
of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Kamal Mustafa
- Department
of Clinical Dentistry-Center for Clinical Dental Research, Faculty
of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Anna Finne-Wistrand
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann-Christine Albertsson
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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25
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Fagerland J, Finne-Wistrand A. Mapping the synthesis and the impact of low molecular weight PLGA-g-PEG on sol–gel properties to design hierarchical porous scaffolds. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-013-0337-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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26
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Hyperbaric oxygen stimulates vascularization and bone formation in rat calvarial defects. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013; 42:907-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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27
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Xing Z, Pedersen TO, Wu X, Xue Y, Sun Y, Finne-Wistrand A, Kloss FR, Waag T, Krueger A, Steinmüller-Nethl D, Mustafa K. Biological effects of functionalizing copolymer scaffolds with nanodiamond particles. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 19:1783-91. [PMID: 23574424 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant evidence has indicated that poly(L-lactide)-co-(ɛ-caprolactone) [(poly(LLA-co-CL)] scaffolds could be one of the suitable candidates for bone tissue engineering. Oxygen-terminated nanodiamond particles (n-DP) were combined with poly(LLA-co-CL) and revealed to be positive for cell growth. In this study, we evaluated the influence of poly(LLA-co-CL) scaffolds modified by n-DP on attachment, proliferation, differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in vitro, and on bone formation using a sheep calvarial defect model. BMSCs were seeded on either poly(LLA-co-CL)- or n-DP-coated scaffolds and incubated for 1 h. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fluorescence microscopy were used in addition to protein and DNA measurements to evaluate cellular attachment on the scaffolds. To determine the effect of n-DP on proliferation of BMSCs, cell/scaffold constructs were harvested after 3 days and evaluated by Bicinchoninic Acid (BCA) protein assay and SEM. In addition, the osteogenic differentiation of cells grown for 2 weeks on the various scaffolds and in a dynamic culture condition was evaluated by real-time RT-PCR. Unmodified and modified scaffolds were implanted into the calvaria of six-year-old sheep. The expression of collagen type I (COL I) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) after 4 weeks as well as the formation of new bone after 12 and 24 weeks were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and histology. Scaffolds modified with n-DP supported increased cell attachment and the mRNA expression of osteopontin (OPN), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and BMP-2 were significantly increased after 2 weeks of culture. The BMSCs had spread well on the various scaffolds investigated after 3 days in the study with no significant difference in cell proliferation. Furthermore, the in vivo data revealed more positive staining of COL I and BMP-2 in relation to the n-DP-coated scaffolds after 4 weeks and presented more bone formation after 12 and 24 weeks. n-DP modification significantly increased cell attachment and differentiation of BMSCs on poly(LLA-co-CL) scaffolds in vitro and enhanced bone formation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Xing
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Center for Clinical Dental Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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28
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Peng L, Gao Y, Xue YN, Huang SW, Zhuo RX. The effectiveness, cytotoxicity, and intracellular trafficking of nonviral vectors for gene delivery to bone mesenchymal stem cells. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911513481893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Nonviral gene delivery that enables exogenous gene expression in bone mesenchymal stem cells could accelerate clinical application of cell-based gene therapy. This study systematically investigated and compared the potential of polyethylenimine and Lipofectamine 2000 as gene carriers to modify bone mesenchymal stem cells including transfection efficiency, cytotoxicity, intracellular trafficking as well as cell membrane damage and apoptosis/necrosis. Polyethylenimine at its optimal N/P ratio of 10 demonstrated the same toxic effects but lower transfection efficiency (17.1% vs 39.5%) compared to Lipofectamine. Intracellular trafficking resulted in over 80% of bone mesenchymal stem cells that were able to take up polyethylenimine polyplexes, but only 20.69% showed nuclear uptake; however, for Lipofectamine, about half bone mesenchymal stem cells were found to uptake lipoplexes but about 30% displayed nuclear localization. Moreover, the percentages of nuclear localization of both vectors were in close relationship with their transfection efficiency. We concluded that for bone mesenchymal stem cell transfection, polyethylenimine displayed high cellular uptake but Lipofectamine was more effective in delivering genes into the nucleus, which was likely the underlying basis for a more efficient gene expression. Further structure modification of polyethylenimine such as improving its nuclear entry ability will eventually make it a better candidate for bone mesenchymal stem cells’ in vitro gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College & Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College & Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Nan Xue
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Wen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Ren-Xi Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
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29
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Lim DI, Park HS, Park JH, Knowles JC, Gong MS. Application of high-strength biodegradable polyurethanes containing different ratios of biobased isomannide and poly (ϵ-caprolactone) diol. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2013; 28:274-288. [PMID: 25076809 PMCID: PMC4108296 DOI: 10.1177/0883911513484572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable–biocompatible polyurethanes were prepared with fixed hexamethylene
diisocyanate and varying ratios of isomannide and poly(ϵ-caprolactone) diol using a simple
one-step polymerization without a catalyst. The polyurethane structures were confirmed by
1H-nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and
gel permeation chromatography. The glass transition temperatures were determined by
thermal analysis to be between 25°C and 30°C. Degradation tests performed at 37°C in
phosphate buffer produced mass losses of 5%–10% after 8 weeks. After 5 days of culture,
using osteoblastic cells, the relative cell number on all the polyurethane films was only
slightly lower than that of an optimized tissue culture plastic. These polymers offer
significant promise with a simplistic synthesis and controlled degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-In Lim
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & WCU Research Center, Graduate School, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Seok Park
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & WCU Research Center, Graduate School, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Hui Park
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & WCU Research Center, Graduate School, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Jonathan C Knowles
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & WCU Research Center, Graduate School, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea ; Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Myoung-Seon Gong
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & WCU Research Center, Graduate School, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
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30
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Pedersen TO, Blois AL, Xing Z, Xue Y, Sun Y, Finne-Wistrand A, Akslen LA, Lorens JB, Leknes KN, Fristad I, Mustafa K. Endothelial microvascular networks affect gene-expression profiles and osteogenic potential of tissue-engineered constructs. Stem Cell Res Ther 2013; 4:52. [PMID: 23683577 PMCID: PMC3706836 DOI: 10.1186/scrt202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction A major determinant of the potential size of cell/scaffold constructs in tissue engineering is vascularization. The aims of this study were twofold: first to determine the in vitro angiogenic and osteogenic gene-expression profiles of endothelial cells (ECs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) cocultured in a dynamic 3D environment; and second, to assess differentiation and the potential for osteogenesis after in vivo implantation. Methods MSCs and ECs were grown in dynamic culture in poly(L-lactide-co-1,5-dioxepan-2-one) (poly(LLA-co-DXO)) copolymer scaffolds for 1 week, to generate three-dimensional endothelial microvascular networks. The constructs were then implanted in vivo, in a murine model for ectopic bone formation. Expression of selected genes for angiogenesis and osteogenesis was studied after a 1-week culture in vitro. Human cell proliferation was assessed as expression of ki67, whereas α-smooth muscle actin was used to determine the perivascular differentiation of MSCs. Osteogenesis was evaluated in vivo through detection of selected markers, by using real-time RT-PCR, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Alizarin Red, hematoxylin/eosin (HE), and Masson trichrome staining. Results The results show that endothelial microvascular networks could be generated in a poly(LLA-co-DXO) scaffold in vitro and sustained after in vivo implantation. The addition of ECs to MSCs influenced both angiogenic and osteogenic gene-expression profiles. Furthermore, human ki67 was upregulated before and after implantation. MSCs could support functional blood vessels as perivascular cells independent of implanted ECs. In addition, the expression of ALP was upregulated in the presence of endothelial microvascular networks. Conclusions This study demonstrates that copolymer poly(LLA-co-DXO) scaffolds can be prevascularized with ECs and MSCs. Although a local osteoinductive environment is required to achieve ectopic bone formation, seeding of MSCs with or without ECs increases the osteogenic potential of tissue-engineered constructs.
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Dånmark S, Gladnikoff M, Frisk T, Zelenina M, Mustafa K, Russom A, Finne-Wistrand A. Development of a novel microfluidic device for long-term in situ monitoring of live cells in 3-dimensional matrices. Biomed Microdevices 2013; 14:885-93. [PMID: 22714394 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-012-9668-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Using the latest innovations in microfabrication technology, 3-dimensional microfluidic cell culture systems have been developed as an attractive alternative to traditional 2-dimensional culturing systems as a model for long-term microscale cell-based research. Most microfluidic systems are based on the embedding of cells in hydrogels. However, physiologically realistic conditions based on hydrogels are difficult to obtain and the systems are often too complicated. We have developed a microfluidic cell culture device that incorporates a biodegradable rigid 3D polymer scaffold using standard soft lithography methods. The device permits repeated high-resolution fluorescent imaging of live cell populations within the matrix over a 4 week period. It was also possible to track cell development at the same spatial location throughout this time. In addition, human primary periodontal ligament cells were induced to produce quantifiable calcium deposits within the system. This simple and versatile device should be readily applicable for cell-based studies that require long-term culture and high-resolution bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Staffan Dånmark
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
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Oral and Maxillo-facial. Regen Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5690-8_32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Xing Z, Xue Y, Finne-Wistrand A, Yang ZQ, Mustafa K. Copolymer cell/scaffold constructs for bone tissue engineering: co-culture of low ratios of human endothelial and osteoblast-like cells in a dynamic culture system. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 101:1113-20. [PMID: 23015514 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2011] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the effect of different ratios of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) on osteogenic activity of human osteoblast-like cells (HOB) and capillary-like structure (CLS), seeded into copolymer scaffolds in a dynamic culture system. HOB and HUVEC were co-cultured into poly(L-lactide)-co-(1,5-dioxepan-2-one) [poly(LLA-co-DXO)] scaffolds at ratios of 5:1 (5:1 group) and 2:1 (2:1 group). Samples were collected after 5, 15, and 25 days. Cross-sections were processed and the CLS from HUVEC was disclosed in both groups. Cell viability was determined by dsDNA assay. Cells seeded at the ratio of 5:1 had good viability. Total RNA was isolated and the reverse transcription reaction was performed. The influences on the expression of several osteogenic genes were various with regarding to different ratios of HUVEC demonstrated by the PCR array. The RT-PCR results was in consistent with the PCR array results that several osteogenesis related genes had higher expression in the 5:1 group than in the 2:1 group, especially at day 25, such as alkaline phosphatase, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), and so forth. ELISA showed that the production of IGF1 after 25 days of incubation were higher in cells co-cultured at the 5:1 ratio than at the 2:1 ratio. The results show that under dynamic culture conditions, co-culture of HOB with a low ratio of HUVEC in copolymer scaffolds results in CLS formation and significantly influenced the expression of osteogenic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Xing
- Department of Clinical Dentistry-Center for Clinical Dental Research, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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Sun Y, Finne-Wistrand A, Albertsson AC, Xing Z, Mustafa K, Hendrikson WJ, Grijpma DW, Moroni L. Degradable amorphous scaffolds with enhanced mechanical properties and homogeneous cell distribution produced by a three-dimensional fiber deposition method. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 100:2739-49. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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35
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Dånmark S, Finne-Wistrand A, Albertsson AC, Patarroyo M, Mustafa K. Integrin-mediated adhesion of human mesenchymal stem cells to extracellular matrix proteins adsorbed to polymer surfaces. Biomed Mater 2012; 7:035011. [PMID: 22475565 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/7/3/035011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In vitro, degradable aliphatic polyesters are widely used as cell carriers for bone tissue engineering, despite their lack of biological cues. Their biological active surface is rather determined by an adsorbed layer of proteins from the surrounding media. Initial cell fate, including adhesion and proliferation, which are key properties for efficient cell carriers, is determined by the adsorbed layer of proteins. Herein we have investigated the ability of human bone marrow derived stem cells (hBMSC) to adhere to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, including fibronectin and vitronectin which are present in plasma and serum. hBMSC expressed integrins for collagens, laminins, fibronectin and vitronectin. Accordingly, hBMSC strongly adhered to these purified ECM proteins by using the corresponding integrins. Although purified fibronectin and vitronectin adsorbed to aliphatic polyesters to a lower extent than to cell culture polystyrene, these low levels were sufficient to mediate adhesion of hBMSC. It was found that plasma- and serum-coated polystyrene adsorbed significant levels of both fibronectin and vitronectin, and fibronectin was identified as the major adhesive component of plasma for hBMSC; however, aliphatic polyesters adsorbed minimal levels of fibronectin under similar conditions resulting in impaired cell adhesion. Altogether, the results suggest that the efficiency of aliphatic polyesters cell carriers could be improved by increasing their ability to adsorb fibronectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dånmark
- Department of Clinical Dentistry-Centre for Clinical Dental Research, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Wu DJ, Liu SL, Hao AH, Zhou DS, Liu JL, Zhao JJ, Cui FZ, Zhou CJ, Wang XW, Ma SZ, Zhang C, Gao CZ. Enhanced repair of segmental bone defects of rats with hVEGF-165 gene-modified endothelial progenitor cells seeded in nanohydroxyapatite/collagen/poly(l-lactic acid) scaffolds. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911512439599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A new type of tissue-engineered bone was constructed by seeding hVEGF165 gene-modified endothelial progenitor cells into the nanohydroxyapatite/collagen/poly(L-lactic acid) scaffolds. These were implanted into the segmental femoral defects of rats to explore the promotion of angiogenesis and osteogenesis. The bone marrow of Sprague Dawley rats was cultured and proliferated, and the endothelial progenitor cells were transfected with Ad5–hVEGF165–EGFP. The gene-modified endothelial progenitor cells were seeded into the nanohydroxyapatite/collagen/poly(L-lactic acid) scaffolds; the growth was observed by scanning electron microscope, and the proliferation was evaluated by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay. In vivo, 80 Sprague Dawley rats were divided randomly into four groups; segmental femoral defects (5 mm) were made and allografted: group A with hVEGF165/endothelial progenitor cells–nanohydroxyapatite/collagen/poly(L-lactic acid), group B with mock endothelial progenitor cells–nanohydroxyapatite/collagen/poly(L-lactic acid), group C with endothelial progenitor cells–nanohydroxyapatite/collagen/poly(L-lactic acid), and group D with scaffolds only. Radiographic, histological, and microvessel density tests were performed to evaluate the angiogenic and osteogenic ability. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot results showed that the target gene was expressed by endothelial progenitor cells. The scanning electron microscope findings and methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay revealed that endothelial progenitor cells were attached and proliferated within the nanohydroxyapatite/collagen/poly(L-lactic acid) scaffolds. The average radiographic score and capillary density were the highest in group A, and those in groups B and C were higher than that of group D. The histology showed osteogenesis and scaffold degradation in group A, with less in groups B and C and little in group D. The hVEGF165 gene-modified endothelial progenitor cells, which promoted angiogenesis and osteogenesis in bone-defected areas and the hVEGF165/endothelial progenitor cells–nanohydroxyapatite/collagen/poly(L-lactic acid) composites, may have potential application in repair of segmental bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Jin Wu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Orthopedics, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu-Ling Liu
- Department of Radiology, the Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ai-Hua Hao
- Department of Radiology, the Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong-Sheng Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun-Li Liu
- Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Biology, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing-Jie Zhao
- Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Biology, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fu-Zhai Cui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biomimetic Materials, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Jun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Wen Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Zhong Ma
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Zheng Gao
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
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Kandalam U, Cabel AI, Omidian H, Stelnicki EJ. Viability of human umbilical cord–derived mesenchymal stem cells in G-rich and M-rich alginates. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911511434961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of pharmaceutical-grade alginates on the cell viability of human mesenchymal stem cells derived from umbilical cord was examined and their use in tissue engineering applications was evaluated. The effects of the ratio of the copolymer building blocks (guluronic and mannuronic acids) and their interactions with divalent calcium, the purity of alginates (proteins and polyphenol content), and gelation factors (calcium concentration and sol content) were examined. The high guluronic acid content in the alginates improved the viability of the human mesenchymal stem cells derived from umbilical cord and supported cell growth significantly. It was confirmed that the sol fraction of alginate reduced cell viability. Cells in the presence of alginate beads cross-linked with 50 and 100 mM calcium chloride showed maximum viability; the protein and polyphenol content of the alginates did not affect the viability of the human mesenchymal stem cells derived from umbilical cord, while the monomer ratio did have an obvious effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umadevi Kandalam
- College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Anamaria I Cabel
- College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Hossein Omidian
- College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Eric J Stelnicki
- College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
- Cleft and Craniofacial Center, Joe DiMaggio Children’s Hospital, Hollywood, FL, USA
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Idris SB, Bolstad AI, Ibrahim SO, Dånmark S, Finne-Wistrand A, Albertsson AC, Arvidson K, Mustafa K. Global gene expression profile of osteoblast-like cells grown on polyester copolymer scaffolds. Tissue Eng Part A 2011; 17:2817-31. [PMID: 21905880 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2010.0660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the principal goals in tissue engineering is to produce scaffold materials that will guide cells to differentiate and regenerate functional replacement tissue at the site of injury. Poly(l-lactide-co-1,5-dioxepan-2-one) [Poly(LLA-co-DXO)], a potential scaffolding material for bone tissue engineering, has high hydrophilicity. Previous in vitro studies using human osteoblast-like cells (HOBs) demonstrated greater cytocompatibility and enhanced osteogenic differentiation when HOBs were seeded onto Poly(LLA-co-DXO) compared to Poly(l-lactide) [P(LLA)] scaffolds. The aim of the study was to identify the gene expression profiles of HOBs obtained from alveolar bone and grown on Poly(LLA-co-DXO) biodegradable polymer scaffolds compared to P(LLA) one. Illumina HumanWG-6 v3.0 Expression BeadChips were used for the gene expression analysis. Several genes were found as differentially expressed at 24 h and at 21 days. Expression of genes related to cell adhesion, cytoskeleton, antiapoptosis, proliferation, and bone mineralization was influenced by adding the monomer 1,5-dioxepan-2-one to the L-lactide. Genes related to three biological pathways involving Integrin, Notch, and Ras were found to be upregulated. For selected genes, results were confirmed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Further, calcium content analysis revealed a significant enhancement of calcium deposition on both tested scaffolds. This observation was confirmed by Von Kossa and Alizarin Red S staining. Findings of this study are relevant to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the behavior of HOBs in bone regenerative procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaza B Idris
- Department of Clinical Dentistry-Center for Clinical Dental Research, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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Comparison of Short-Run Cell Seeding Methods for Poly(L-Lactide-co-1,5-Dioxepan-2-one) Scaffold Intended for Bone Tissue Engineering. Int J Artif Organs 2011; 34:432-41. [DOI: 10.5301/ijao.2011.8319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Constructs intended for bone tissue engineering are influenced by the initial cell seeding procedure. The seeding method should be rapid, convenient, improve cell spatial distribution, and have no negative effects on cellular viability and differentiation. This study aimed to compare the effect of short-run seeding methods (centrifuge and vortex) with a static method on the scaffolds prepared from poly(L-lactide-co-1,5-dioxepan-2-one) by solvent-casting particulate-leaching (SCPL) technique. Human osteoblast-like cells (HOB) were seeded by the three methods described above. The seeding efficiency was determined by attached cell numbers. Cellular proliferation was analyzed by WST-1 and dsDNA assay. Cell distribution was examined by scanning electron (SEM) and fluorescence microscopy. Expression of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Collagen type I (Col I), Osteocalcin (OC) and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) were determined by real time RT-PCR. Results indicated that centrifuge and vortex increased seeding efficiency and had no negative effects on cellular viability. The data obtained by the fluorescence microscope confirmed the SEM results that the vortex method improved cell distribution through the scaffolds more than the other two methods (p<0.05). The RT-PCR results showed no significant differences on the expression of mRNA between the three methods of the above markers. The vortex method was found to be a simple and feasible seeding method for the poly(L-lactide-co-1,5-dioxepan-2-one) scaffolds.
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40
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Scanning electron microscopy preparation protocol for differentiated stem cells. Anal Biochem 2011; 416:186-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Tyson T, Målberg S, Wåtz V, Finne-Wistrand A, Albertsson AC. Functional and Highly Porous Scaffolds for Biomedical Applications. Macromol Biosci 2011; 11:1432-42. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201100166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Revised: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Wei Song, Hongxu Lu, Kawazoe N, Guoping Chen. Gradient patterning and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells on micropatterned polymer surface. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911511406327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A micropatterned surface with different area ratios of cell-adhesive to nonadhesive surfaces was prepared by micropatterning poly(vinyl alcohol) on a polystyrene plate using photolithography. A gradient pattern of mesenchymal stem cells of different cell densities was generated by culturing the cells on a micropatterned surface. The effects of the cell density gradient on cell functions such as proliferation and differentiation were investigated. Cells seeded at a low density proliferated faster than cells seeded at a high density. Although mesenchymal stem cells seeded at both low and high densities showed osteogenic differentiation, the higher cell seeding density could initiate osteogenic differentiation at a faster rate than the low cell density. And high cell density was required to induce chondrogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- Biomaterials Center, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Hongxu Lu
- Biomaterials Center, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Naoki Kawazoe
- Biomaterials Center, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Guoping Chen
- Biomaterials Center, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan,
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43
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Dånmark S, Finne-Wistrand A, Schander K, Hakkarainen M, Arvidson K, Mustafa K, Albertsson AC. In vitro and in vivo degradation profile of aliphatic polyesters subjected to electron beam sterilization. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:2035-46. [PMID: 21316490 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2010] [Revised: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Degradation characteristics in response to electron beam sterilization of designed and biodegradable aliphatic polyester scaffolds are relevant for clinically successful synthetic graft tissue regeneration. Scaffold degradation in vitro and in vivo were documented and correlated to the macroscopic structure and chemical design of the original polymer. The materials tested were of inherently diverse hydrophobicity and crystallinity: poly(L-lactide) (poly(LLA)) and random copolymers from L-lactide and ε-caprolactone or 1,5-dioxepan-2-one, fabricated into porous and non-porous scaffolds. After sterilization, the samples underwent hydrolysis in vitro for up to a year. In vivo, scaffolds were surgically implanted into rat calvarial defects and retrieved for analysis after 28 and 91days. In vitro, poly(L-lactide-co-1,5-dioxepan-2-one) (poly(LLA-co-DXO)) samples degraded most rapidly during hydrolysis, due to the pronounced chain-shortening reaction caused by the sterilization. This was indicated by the rapid decrease in both mass and molecular weight of poly(LLA-co-DXO). Poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (poly(LLA-co-CL)) samples were also strongly affected by sterilization, but mass loss was more gradual; molecular weight decreased rapidly during hydrolysis. Least affected by sterilization were the poly(LLA) samples, which subsequently showed low mass loss rate and molecular weight decrease during hydrolysis. Mechanical stability varied greatly: poly(LLA-co-CL) withstood mechanical testing for up to 182 days, while poly(LLA) and poly(LLA-co-DXO) samples quickly became too brittle. Poly(LLA-co-DXO) samples unexpectedly degraded more rapidly in vitro than in vivo. After sterilization by electron beam irradiation, the three biodegradable polymers present widely diverse degradation profiles, both in vitro and in vivo. Each exhibits the potential to be tailored to meet diverse clinical tissue engineering requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dånmark
- Centre for Clinical Dental Research, Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Norway
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Arvidson K, Abdallah BM, Applegate LA, Baldini N, Cenni E, Gomez-Barrena E, Granchi D, Kassem M, Konttinen YT, Mustafa K, Pioletti DP, Sillat T, Finne-Wistrand A. Bone regeneration and stem cells. J Cell Mol Med 2011; 15:718-46. [PMID: 21129153 PMCID: PMC3922662 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2010.01224.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This invited review covers research areas of central importance for orthopaedic and maxillofacial bone tissue repair, including normal fracture healing and healing problems, biomaterial scaffolds for tissue engineering, mesenchymal and foetal stem cells, effects of sex steroids on mesenchymal stem cells, use of platelet-rich plasma for tissue repair, osteogenesis and its molecular markers. A variety of cells in addition to stem cells, as well as advances in materials science to meet specific requirements for bone and soft tissue regeneration by addition of bioactive molecules, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Arvidson
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Center for Clinical Resarch, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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Abstract
Two biodegradable polymers, poly(L-lactide) and poly(ε-caprolactone) were blended (50/50) and used to produce polymeric scaffolds by the dual porogen approach using a salt leaching technique to create pores within the matrix, while supercritical-CO 2 treatment was used to enhance the interconnectivity and to remove impurities from synthesis steps. The scaffolds were highly porous (porosity >90%) with interconnected pore morphologies. These biodegradable scaffolds were evaluated in Sprague Dawley rats for osteoconductive properties over a 6-month period. Bone specimens were analyzed after 1, 3, and 6 months, for bone healing and tissue response. The cortical bone remodeling by controlled osteoblastic and osteoclastic activities as well as the bone marrow elements recovery were semi-quantitatively examined for each group. Excellent integration and biocompatibility behavior was observed in all groups. No adverse tissue responses were observed.
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46
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Xing Z, Xue Y, Dånmark S, Schander K, Østvold S, Arvidson K, Hellem S, Finne-Wistrand A, Albertsson AC, Mustafa K. Effect of endothelial cells on bone regeneration using poly(L-lactide-co-1,5-dioxepan-2-one) scaffolds. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 96:349-57. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Revised: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Schander K, Arvidson K, Mustafa K, Hellem E, Bolstad AI, Finne-Wistrand A, Albertsson AC. Response of Bone and Periodontal Ligament Cells to Biodegradable Polymer Scaffolds In Vitro. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911510383684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this in vitro study, the initial response of human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells and alveolar osteoblast-like cells (HOB) to three biodegradable polymers with varying pore size and different mechanical properties were evaluated. Scaffolds were synthesized from poly(L-lactide), [poly(LLA)], poly(L-lactide-co-1,5-dioxepan-2-one), [poly(LLA-co-DXO)], poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone), and [poly(LLA-co-CL)] with pore sizes greater or less than 90 µm by salt leaching. Cells were obtained from patients undergoing routine oral surgery. After 2—4 passages, the cells were grown on scaffolds and in culture plates (control) for 3 h (PDL cells), 3 days (PDL cells and HOB), 10 and 14 days (HOB), respectively. The cellular morphology and spreading were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the attachment and proliferation were evaluated by MTT assays. The SEM images revealed heterogeneous cellular morphology and good spreading. Cellular attachment and proliferation were significantly higher on poly(LLA-co-DXO) and poly(LLA-co-CL) than on poly(LLA) scaffolds (p = 0.003) and highest for poly(LLA-co-DXO). Expression of bone formation markers, collagen-I (COL-I), transforming growth factor-β 1 (TGF-β1), and osteocalcin (OCN), was determined by ELISA. The expression of COL-1 was similar for HOB and PDL cells, but significantly higher for pore size >90 µm while the HOB expression of TGFβ 1 and OCN was greater on poly(LLA-co-CL) and poly(LLA-co-DXO) than on poly(LLA) scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Schander
- Department of Clinical Dentistry - Center for Clinical Dental Research, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 17, Bergen, N-5009, Norway,
| | - Kristina Arvidson
- Department of Clinical Dentistry - Center for Clinical Dental Research, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 17, Bergen, N-5009, Norway
| | - Kamal Mustafa
- Department of Clinical Dentistry - Center for Clinical Dental Research, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 17, Bergen, N-5009, Norway,
| | - Endre Hellem
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal, N-484, Norway
| | - Anne Isine Bolstad
- Department of Clinical Dentistry - Periodontics, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 17, Bergen, N-5009, Norway
| | - Anna Finne-Wistrand
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, S-10044, Sweden
| | - Ann-Christine Albertsson
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, S-10044, Sweden
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48
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Xue Y, Dånmark S, Xing Z, Arvidson K, Albertsson AC, Hellem S, Finne-Wistrand A, Mustafa K. Growth and differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells on biodegradable polymer scaffolds: An in vitro study. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 95:1244-51. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2010] [Revised: 06/23/2010] [Accepted: 07/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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49
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Idris SB, Dånmark S, Finne-Wistrand A, Arvidson K, Albertsson AC, Bolstad AI, Mustafa K. Biocompatibility of Polyester Scaffolds with Fibroblasts and Osteoblast-like Cells for Bone Tissue Engineering. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911510381368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxicity and cytocompatibility of the developed aliphatic polyester co-polymer scaffolds: poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) and poly(L-lactide-co-1,5-dioxepan-2-one). The scaffolds were produced by solvent casting and particulate leaching, and tested by direct and indirect contact cytotoxicity assays on human osteoblast-like cells and mouse fibroblasts. Cell morphology was documented by light and scanning electron microscopy. Viability was assessed by the MTT, neutral red uptake, lactic dehydrogenase and apoptosis assays. Extraction tests confirmed that the scaffolds did not have a cytotoxic effect on the cells. The cells grew and spread well on the test scaffolds with good cellular attachment and viability. The scaffolds are noncytotoxic and biocompatible with the two cell types and warrant continued investigation as potential constructs for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaza B. Idris
- Department of Clinical Dentistry -Center for Clinical Dental Research Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen N-5009 Bergen, Norway,
| | - Staffan Dånmark
- Department of Clinical Dentistry - Center for Clinical Dental Research Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen N-5009 Bergen, Norway, Fibre and Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Finne-Wistrand
- Fibre and Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristina Arvidson
- Department of Clinical Dentistry - Center for Clinical Dental Research Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen N-5009 Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Anne Isine Bolstad
- Department of Clinical Dentistry -Periodontics University of Bergen, N-5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Kamal Mustafa
- Department of Clinical Dentistry - Center for Clinical Dental Research Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen N-5009 Bergen, Norway
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